lise borup - frederiksberg the 13th of july · web viewalphabetically ordered list of word...

Lise Borup - Frederiksberg the 13th of July 2004

PART C - THE CONCORDANCE OF THE CONCEPTS (Dok.nr. 4)Proposal for the list of the concepts and their references

INFOPublikation nr: 07/2004 - 6 dokumenterProjekt: 'ABC - A manual for a clear mind' or 'Handbook of concepts in classification and modeling of classes'Dokument nr: 4 - 230 siderEmnekoder: *c73 c731 c733 c734 c735 c741. udgave: 3.10.2000 i Lykeion regiGældende udgave: 13.7.2004Indhold: Se nedenforGenerel information: Dokumentet er en revideret udgave af 'Foreløbig ordliste til Lykeions vokabular' af 3.10.2000. Der eksisterer et selvstændigt projekt for en terminologisk database 'Lykeion Thesaurus', som udføres af DANTERMcentret Findesteder: www.lisesbibliotek.dk under 'publikationer', Lises computerfil beg-cx

'The Concordance of the concepts' is part C of 'ABC - A manual for a clear mind' or 'Handbook of concepts in classification and modeling of classes'. The manual is in english and consists of 3 parts and some appendixes:

Part A The meaning of the conceptsPart B The conceptsPart C The concordance of the conceptsandAppendix 1 A symbolic model of the metaphysical universeAppendix 2 Proposition for a framework in concept theory - frontpage

Part A is dealing with questions and some proposals for answers of the meaning of the fundamental concepts in classification and modeling of classes

Part B gives the contents of fundamental concepts in classification and modeling of classes in a logical order

Part C The concordance is showing the fundamental concepts and their references to international standardizations and to common or special languages. Coming versions will treat the references to synonyms or nearly synonyms from Roget's Thesaurus of ideogrammical concepts in the clusters of linguistic signs that go to make up some very large and general concepts - and the references to Appendix 2 'Proposition for a framework in concept theory' - a framework dealing with the matter or substances and their predicates structured in the 10 Aristotelian categories....

Appendix 1 is a drawing of a 3-dimensional symbolic representation of the universal processes and the 'things' involved...

Appendix 2 is an experiment in arranging the fundamental concepts accordingly an 'Aristotelian Concordance of 170 keywords, their positions and relations'.

CONTENTS OF THE CONCORDANCE:Proposal for the list of concepts and their references(239 sider pr. 3.10.2000, 228 sider pr 8.7.2004)

Introduction1. Scope2. The contents of words and concepts in the list 3. The ideas behind the list and its layout 4. Guide5. List of fields of standardization with the standards used in the list6. List of used dictionaries and thesauri7. List of concepts and their references (ca. 1000 ord eller begreber pr. 8.8.2000)Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be supplemented with english translations in later versions.

IntroductionThe concordance of the concepts is a revised edition of 'Foreløbig ordliste til Lykeions Vokabular' from 3.10.2000. In the summer of 2000 I made a suggestion of a list of words for the development of a vocabulary or thesaurus for Lykeion - a volunteer interdisciplinary collaboration founded in 1997 (www.lykeion.dk). The common concern of the volunteers was the problems with a more and more specialized world loosing the abilities to communicate and to solve problems together. On a general assembly on the 14th of November 2000, a majority agreed in handing 'the wordlist' over to the DANTERMcenter - The Danish Terminology Center (www.danterm.dk) - supervised by prof. Bodil Nistrup Madsen from the Department of Computational Linguistics belonging to the Copenhagen Business School. The project of developing a database application for the 'Lykeion Thesaurus' deals with very sophisticated and professional solutions based on the use of relational database-techniques. For this purpose there has been a first support from 'Lillian and Dan Finks Foundation' under the administration of 'The Royal Danish Society of Sciences', and the work is based on experience gained in connection with the developments of other terminology-databases with support from several other foundations.

1. ScopeListen omfatter ord eller begreber som bruges i forbindelse med systemanalyse og systemkonstruktion i et tværfagligt udvalg af discipliner af stor samfundsmæssig betydning - med reference til standardiserede definitioner mv fra standardiseringsområder ifølge afsnit 5 og til ordforklaringer ifølge anerkendte ordbøger.

Ordlisten er tænkt som et tværfagligt analyseredskab for afdækning af fælles ontologiske referencerammer. Ontologiske rammer udfra hvilke man kan fastlægge eller klassificere 'fælles sprog' ved hjælp af symbolske eller formale begrebsrepræsentationer. Begrebsrepræsentationer som er helt uafhængige af den vilkårlige anvendelse af ordene i deres brug som begrebsbetegnelser eller begrebsrepræsentationer. 'Fælles sprog' vil være solide grundlag for forbedrede kvaliteter af metoder og resultater inden for både systemanalyse og systemkonstruktion - herunder for de elektroniske systemer.

Erkendelser af behovet for 'fælles sprog' er ved at vinde udbredelse inden for vigtige og fundamentale samfundsområder som fx byggeri/infrastruktur. IEC International Electrotechnical Commission har ligeledes med en omfattende standardisering af referencesystemer taget hul på problemerne med 'fælles sprog', og der foregår endvidere aktiviteter inden for 'Medical Informatics' og inden for

standardiseringsområderne for E-handel.Et stort problem er imidlertid fraværet af - eller mangel på klare signaler - for disse erkendelser inden for det meste af IT området, hvor man tilsyneladende anser problemerne for at være løst på baggrund af fagområdets egne IT-baserede generelt anvendelige og udspecialiserede analyse- og modelleringsmetoder eller -sprog for systemdesign.

Det er - for mig at se - manglen på kvalificeret viden om, hvad klassifikation egentligt er for noget, som kaster tunge skygger over hele området - for sværhedsgraden af opgaven med at skabe 'fælles sprog' er enorm stor - og dårlig kvalitet af de udarbejdede løsninger skader mere end de gavner - idet de skaber stor skepsis og uvilje hos de potentielle brugere af mislykkede eller dårlige 'kreationer' - og så er man lige vidt.

Derfor er der - eller vil der til de senere versioner blive - tilknyttet en række nyttige oplysninger til ordlistens enkelte ord/begreber - herunder 1) referencekoder til de internationale standarder som behandler begreberne, 2) definitioner og beskrivelser fra reference-standarderne, 3) ord- og synonymforklaringer fra anerkendte ordbøger - fx 'Webster', 4) oversigter over synonymer og nærsynonymer med idé- eller begrebsmæssige relationer iflg. Thesaurus klynger mv, 5) evt. samlet synonymoversigt samt 6) markering af 'Common Concepts' og 'Special Concepts' - se efterfølgende afsnit 3 med beskrivelse af ideerne bag ordlisten samt dens vejledning i afsnit 4.Da oplysninger fra anerkendte leksika ofte er temmelig omfangsrige, er de fravalgt i denne omgang.

Det er fundet naturligt og rimeligt at bruge engelsk som sprog i arbejdsprocessen med listen, da det anvendte kildemateriale er på engelsk - men der bør ikke herske tvivl om behovet for at få præsenteret 'det hele' på dansk.

Ordlistens funktion som et arbejdsredskab betyder, at der i arbejdsprocessen løbende kan tilføjes og udrenses begreber fra listen. Listens ord vil i stigende omfang blive forsynet med begrebsdefinitioner, ordforklaringer mv samt oplysninger om synonymer, idemæssige tilhørsforhold eller slægtskaber mv. Listens primære indhold af begreber navngivet med navneord vil i fornødent omfang blive suppleret med begreber navngivet med afledte ordformer som udsagnsord, tillægsord mv - se vejledningens afsnit om afledte ordformer.

Da ordlisten findes i elektronisk form - tekstbehandlingssystemet WordPerfect 6.0 - bør den formidles, bearbejdes og søges i ved elektroniske midler. Ordlisten bliver nu - som et Word.doc - teknisk anbragt på www.lisesbibliotek.dk, så der er mulighed for at 'downloade' og bruge den, som det nu passer en, dvs slette, tilføje mv ud fra egne formål. Dette betyder, at man ikke behøver at afvente kommende 'officielle' revisioner af listen men kan lave sine egne 'brugerversioner' - og hvis de repræsenterer væsentlige ændringer og tilføjelser til den såkaldt 'officielle' liste, bør/kan man sende dem til listens såkaldt 'officielle' udgiver via e-mail adressen på www.lisesbibliotek.dk - hvorefter de vil blive medtaget som input i næste 'officielle' udgave inkl. kildereferencer (if the nature of the supplements or changes is not of a deviant nature)

2. The contents of words and concepts in the listOrdlisten omfatter en mængde begreber fra vokabularier med basisbegreber fra et tværfagligt udvalg af internationale standarder - se afsnit 5. Dette arbejde har haft forudsætning i en meget stor samling af vigtige standarder etableret gennem mange år. Da standarder er umådeligt kostbare i anskaffelse, er brugt oplysninger fra samlingens version uanset om der er tale om sidst reviderede udgave. Der er desværre forhold omkring international standardisering inden for tværfaglige områder, som - i praksis - gør det nærmest umuligt at udvikle og bruge resultaterne af denne fundamentalt vigtige standardisering til samfundenes bedste.

En del af standardernes vokabularier er meget omfattende som fx E2 om STEP standardiseringens dataspecifikationssprog EXPRESS som skal håndtere alle begreberne i 'industrial automation systems and integration'. I denne første udgave af ordlisten har tidsbegrænsninger medført, at ikke alle de brugte standarders vokabularier er gennemgået, medtaget eller refereret i fuldt omfang.

3. The ideas behind the list and its layout Ordlistens fundamentale funktion er som en leksikalsk ordliste, hvor man kan slå det enkelte ord/begreb/term op for at se udsagn om dets/dens betydning eller mening.

Blandt ordlistens øvrige funktioner er - som nævnt ovenfor - også at være et analyseredskab for at kunne realisere visioner om 'fælles sprog' - i praksis.

Ifølge egen opfattelse kan 'fælles sprog' imidlertid kun realiseres, hvis begreberne har faste relationer - eller relaterer sig - til fælles referencerammer eller kategorisystemer omfattende helheder af det værende - dvs ontologier hvor kategorierne er grundbegreber, hvoraf alle andre kan udledes.Uf fra dette er det idéen at afdække det såkaldte meta-sprog med udgangspunkt i den overordnede helhed - eller meta-ontologi - som forefindes ifølge Aristoteles 10 kategorier.Derfor vil arbejdet med ordene, begreberne og termerne kræve 1) et samlet overblik over omfang og indhold af de forskellige emner som skal analyseres. Arbejdet vil også kræve 2) overblik indenfor det enkelte emneområde, hvor det er nødvendigt med overblik som på en overskuelig måde viser begrebernes betydning, deres evt. synonymer og deres sammenhænge med idémæssigt beslægtede begreber. De fornødne analyser til afklaring af evt. fælles begreber og deres begrebskategori kræver redskaber til etablering af disse overblik, ellers vil man ikke kunne stille de rigtige spørgsmål og få de rigtige svar. Dette forslag til en ordliste er en skitse af, hvordan sådan et 'analyseredskab' kan se ud.

Ordlistens udformning eller layout inkl. de fornødne forklaringer i efterfølgende vejledning repræsenterer foreløbige eksperimenter med metoder, som forhåbentlig kan medvirke til afdækning af den fælles referenceramme, som ifølge min opfattelse er en nødvendig forudsætning for - i praksis - at kunne realisere det fælles sprog.

4. GuideI ordlistens gengivelser af ordforklaringer fra 'Webster' mv er alle ordlistens ord eller begreber markeret med fed skrift. Se om markeringer af ordformer under Om afledte ordformer.

Om fælles begreber (CC - Common Concepts)og specielle begreber (SC - Special Concepts):Det er hensigten, at alle ordlistens begreber skal have markering af, om der er tale om et fælles begreb som optræder i flere forskellige standardiseringsområder, eller om der er tale om et specielt begreb tilhørende et af de 11 standardiseringsområder (som fx SC-M1 = Special Concept fra M1 EDIfact standard).......ikke færdig med at tænke over og at eksperimentere med ideen.NOTE: De to begrebstyper er ikke defineret i de anvendte standarder fra de forskellige standardiseringsområder.

Om STANDARD REFERENCER: For hvert af listens ord eller begreber refereres til internationale standarder, hvori begrebet er defineret og/eller beskrevet. Referencen er en kode som fx A5 eller M1 for standardens tilhørsforhold i afsnit 5 som er en fagopdelt oversigt over de standarder som er brugt i ordlisten. I afsnit 5 oplyses standardernes fulde titler. Referencekoden til den enkelte standard definition refererer således også til standardiseringsdomænet for begrebsdefinitionen - eller sagt på en anden måde - til begrebets/termens

applikationsområde.

Om STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:Oplysningerne indledes med standardens eget nummer med foranstående referencekode som forklaret ovenfor. Efterfølgende bringes standardens definition, evt. beskrivelser, noter og eksempler, indledt med oplysning om standardens eget interne afsnitsnummer for at lette søgning i de ofte omfangsrige standarder.

Om ORDFORKLARINGER:For hvert af listens ord eller begreber bringes alle ordforklaringer fra Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary og evt. andre anerkendte ordbøger - se afsnit 6. Disse ordforklaringer illustrerer, at ordet navngiver flere eller mange forskellige begreber herunder også fagudtryk eller 'special concepts'.

Om SYNONYMER:I forbindelse med den enkelte ordforklaring bringes Webster´s tilhørende synonymoplysninger. Optræder synonymet i Konkordans ordlisten markeres det med fed skrift. Der vil evt. blive suppleret med synonymer fra deciderede synonymordbøger - se afsnit 6.

Om ide- og begrebsmæssige tilhørsforhold iflg THESAURUS KLYNGER:For hvert af listens ord eller begreber bringes 'klynger af lingvistiske tegn' med overskrift for det 'store og generelle begreb' eller 'større ide' hvorunder de optræder i Roget's Thesaurus samt nummer for klyngens rangorden i forhold til andre klynger som er med til at opgøre den 'større idé'.

I forordet til den brugte udgave af værket forklares at Roget's Thesaurus ikke må forveksles med en synonymordbog. ,At ensartethed eller lighed i betydning ikke er den primære forklaring eller kriterium for at samle eller udarbejde en thesaurus. Kriteriet er medlemskab af klynger af lingvistiske tegn som bruges til at opgøre et meget stort og generelt begreb. De fleste af de termer som findes under overskrifterne vil på en eller anden påviselig og logisk måde repræsentere underordnede eller mindre generelle dele af en større idé. Mange af disse termer vil være synonyme eller næsten synonyme inden for forskellige dele af deres område'.

Ide- og begrebsmæssige tilhørsforhold eller slægtskaber fremgår også ved nærlæsning af både indhold og definitioner af de enkelte standarders basisbegreber.

Om sammensatte ord:Listen indeholder en del eksempler på flerledede ord eller såkaldt komplekse termer eller 'multi-word' termer, hvor der både kan være tale om kombinationer af navneord, kombinationer af tillægsord og navneord mv. De flerledede ord/begreber er forsøgt placeret under det begreb, hvor det primært hører hjemme inkl. fornødne inverteringer og henvisninger. Det er i reglen de mere specielle eller komplekse begreber der er navngivet med flerledede eller sammensatte ord - jo flere led eller ord jo mere specialiseret eller kompliceret er begrebet. Derfor findes flere eksempler på at akronymer eller initialord indgår i den slags begrebsnavne i forsøg på at gøre navnene kortere og dermed mere operative. Problemet er selvfølgeligt, at det almindelige sprog ikke har ord for de specialiserede og komplicerede begreber som indgår i arbejdet med at systematisere og automatisere aktiviteter til administration, produktion, kommunikation osv.

Om afledte ordformer:'Begreber kan være mentale repræsentationer ikke blot af det værende eller ting (som udtrykt ved navneord), men, i videre forstand, også for kvaliteter eller egenskaber (som udtrykt ved tillægsord eller navneord), for handlinger (som udtrykt ved udsagnsord eller navneord) og yderligere for steder eller placeringer, situationer eller relationer (som udtrykt ved biord, forholdsord, bindeord eller navneord).' (fra A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978). I ordlisten har

1) begreber som er navngivet med navneord - N (nouns) - ingen markeringer2) begreber, som er navngivet med udsagnsord, markering V (verb)3) begreber, som er navngivet med tillægsord, markering ADJ (adjective)4) begreber, som er navngivet med biord, markering ADV (adverb)5) begreber, som er navngivet med forholdsord, markering P (preposition)6) begreber, som er navngivet med bindeord, markering C (conjunction)

I Retskrivningsordbogen fra Dansk Sprognævn bruger man udtrykket 'ordklasseangivelse' for disse markeringer

De fleste af ordlistens begrebsnavne er navneord. Men ikke så få repræsenterer både navneord og andre ordformer, hvilket skal udredes og adskilles i løbet af arbejdsprocessen med ordlisten.

Så mangler der også forklaringer på andre typer af afledte ordformer, hvor jeg ikke aktuelt har forståeligt kildemateriale som forklarer forholdet mellem fx act, action, activity, actor.

5. Liste over standardiseringsområder med anvendte standarder(Oplysninger om nyeste udgaver er søgt på www.iso.ch - de er markeret med * og tilføjet i parantes)

A Standardisering af terminologiarbejdeB Standardisering af information og dokumentation (i

Biblioteksvidenskaben)C Standardisering af systemkonstruktion (i Informationssystemer)D Standardisering af informationsteknologi evt. med underopdeling og inkludering af flere kategorier - evt. E og M inklusive i kategorierne? Standarderne handler om IT-teknologi

inkl. dataudveksling samt om udspecialiseret datamodellering inkl. datasprog.E Standardisering af produktdata - industriautomationF Standardisering af infrastruktur - bygværker, systemerG Standardisering af sundhedsvæsen - medicinsk informatikH Standardisering af kvalitetsstyringI Standardisering af miljøstyringJ Standardisering af statistikK Standardisering af standardiseringL Standardisering af metrologi M Standardisering af dataudveksling for administration, handel og

transport Standardisering af economical activities/banking and related financial services Standardisering af produktinformation og produktdata Standardisering af geografi mv - længde- og breddegrader, topografi, geometri

mv Standardisering af safety - environmental and health protection,

maskinsikkerhed Standardisering af energy Standardisering af physical phenomena

A Standardisering af terminologiarbejdeA1 ISO 704:1987 Principles and methods of terminologyA2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 Terminology work - Principles and methods

(*ISO/FDIS 704:2000 Terminology work - Principles and methods)ISO/R 860:1968 International unification of concepts and terms

A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 International harmonization of concepts and termsISO 860:1996 Terminology work - Harmonization of concepts and terms

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 Terminologiens TerminologiA6 ISO 1087:1990 Terminology - VocabularyA7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and applicationA8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and applicationA9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and application

(*ISO/FDIS 1087-1:2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and application)A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 2: Computional aids in

terminology.A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 2: Computer applications

(*ISO 1087-2:2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 2: Computer applications)

B Standardisering af information og dokumentation B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 Documentation and information - Vocabulary - Part 1: Basic conceptsB2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 Information and documentation - Vocabulary - Part 1:

Basic conceptsB3B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Informationsordbogen

C Standardisering af systemkonstruktionC1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 Conceptual Model and Taxonomy for Information Systems

Engineering - Final report april 1995.

D Standardisering af informationsteknologiD1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 1: Fundamental terms.D2 ISO/IEC 2382-4::1987 Information processing systems - Vocabulary -

Part 4: Organization of data.(*ISO/IEC 2382-4:1999 Information Technology - Vocabulary -

Part 4: Organization of data)D3 ISO/IEC 2382-5:1989 Information processing systems - Vocabulary -

Part 5: Representation of data.(*ISO/IEC 2385-5:1999 Information Technology - Vocabulary -

Part 5: Representation of data)D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Information processing systems - Concepts and terminology for

the conceptual schema and the information base incl. Appendix A. Glossary of terminology and definitions Appendix D. The entity - attribute - relationship approaches (EAR data

modelling) D5 DS/ISO 8879:1986 Information processing - Text and office systems - Standard Generalized

Markup Language (SGML) and its Amendment 1:1988(*ISO 8879:1986/Cor 2:1999 Information processing - Text and office systems - Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

E Standardisering af produktdata - industriautomationE1 ISO 10303-1:1994 Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data

representation and exchange - Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles.E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 Industrial automation systems and integration - Product

data representation and exchange - Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS

language reference manual. (*ISO 10303-11:1994/Cor 1:1999 Industrial automation systems and integration

- Product data representation and exchange - Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS

language reference manual)

E3 ISO 10303-42:1994 Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation

and exchange - Part 42: Integrated generic resources: Geometric and topological representation

Husk reference til IAI(*ISO 10303-42:1994/Cor 2:1999 Industrial automation systems and integration

- Product data representation and exchange - Part 42: Integrated generic resources:

Geometric and topological representation)

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 Industriel automation - Systemarkitektur - Begreber for virksomhedsmodellering (Advanced Manufacturing Technology - Systems

Architecture - Constructs for Enterprise Modelling).

E5 ISO/TC 184 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - N 500 Date 1997-10-20 -

Annex A1 Geram: Generalized enterprise reference architecture and methodology

(i annexet refereres til bl.a. E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996)

F Standardisering af infrastruktur - bygværker, systemerF1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 Building construction - Organization of information about

construction works - Part 2: Framework for classification of information.F2 ISO 6241:1984 Performance standards in building - Principles for their preparation and factors

to be concidered.F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 Building construction - Oganization of information about construction

works - Part 2: Framework for classification of information

G Standardisering af sundhedsvæsen - medicinsk informatikG1 prENV 12264:1995 Medical Informatics - Categorical structures of concepts -

Model for Representation of Semantics MOSE. (Begrebssystemers strukturkategorier - Model for repræsentation af semantic).

H Standardisering af kvalitetsstyringH1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 Kvalitetsstyring Ordliste (Quality management and

quality assurance - Vocabulary)

I Standardisering af miljøstyringI1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance

for use.(*ISO 14001:1996 Environmental management systems - Specification with

guidance for use)

I2 ISO/DIS 14040.2:1995 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles

and guidelines.(*ISO 14040:1997 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment -

Principles and framework)

J Standardisering af statistikJ1 ISO 3534-1:1993 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1: Probability and

general statistical terms.(*ISO/CD 3534-1:2000 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1: Probability

and general statistic terms)

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 2: Statistical quality controlJ3 ISO 3534-3:1999 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 3: Design of experimentsK Standardisering af standardiseringK1 ISO/IEC Guide 2:1986 General terms and definitions concerning

standardization and related activities svarende til DS/INF. 22/2:1987ISO/IEC Guide 2:1990 Standardization and related activities - General

vocabularyK2 ISO 10241:1992 International terminology standards - Preparation and layout.K3 ISO/DIS 15188:1999 Project management guidelines for terminology standardization

L Standardisering af metrologiL1 DS 2344:1989 Metrologi. Terminologi - Grundlæggende og generelle begreber.

(Dansk oversættelse af publikationen 'International Vocabulary og Basic and General Terms in

Metrology' udarbejdet af arbejdsgruppe med eksperter udpeget af BIPM, IEC, ISO og OIML.

Publikationen er også udgivet af DIN og SIS på tysk og svensk.Publikationens normative referencer er til ISO 31, Parts 0-13 Fysiske størrelser,

måleenheder ogsymboler samt til ISO 1000 SI-enheder.

M Standardisering af dataudveksling for administration, handel og transportM1 ISO 9735:1988 (DS/ISO 9735:1990) Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and

transport (EDIFACT) Application level syntax rules(*ISO 9735:1988/Amd.1:1992 Electronic data interchange for administration,

commerce and transport (EDIFACT) Application level syntax rules)

6. Liste over anvendte ordbøger, thesauriWD - Websters's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language 1994.WD2 - Webster's New Encyclopedic Dictionary 1996.OX - The New Oxford Dictionary of English 1998GF - Gyldendals Fremmedordbog 10. udgave 1987.PD - The Penguin Dictionary of English Synonyms 1995.ODS - OMEGA Dictionary of English Synonyms 1986. RT - The Classic Standard, Definitive Roget's International Thesaurus 1984.RT2 - The Original Roget's International Thesaurus 1992.

7. LIST OF THE CONCEPTS AND THEIR REFERENCES

A Abbreviation(s)STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.6 AbbreviationsExcessive length makes a term difficult to use. A concept is therefore often designated by an abbreviated form.

Three types of shortened terms can be distinguished:- Abbreviations proper- Initialisms- Acronyms

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 A.1.3 AbbreviationExcessive length makes some terms difficult to use. Shortening the word designating a concept can create new abbreviated forms. The original long term is called the full or expanded form.

Good writing practice dictates that both the full form of a term and the abbreviated form be indicated the first time a potentially unfamiliar abbreviated form is used in a text. In

general, an abbreviated form should be easy to pronounce.

In English the types of abbreviated terms are:- short form- clipped term- abbreviations- initialisms- acronyms

etc. - 5 korte afsnit forklarer mere om emnet.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.9 AbbreviationDesignation formed by omitting words or letters from a longer form and designating the same concept.

Abbreviations properSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.6.1 Abbreviations properAbbreviations are created by omitting parts of the term

EXAMPLES: page - p; airframe - afme

Abstract syntax (of SGML): see syntax (of SGML), Abstract

AbstractionSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

acceptability rating, Term: see Term acceptability rating

access, (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1STANDARD REFERENCER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.04 access, (to)To obtain the use of a resource

Access methodSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD REFERENCER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.08.03 Access methodA technique to obtain the use of data, the use of storage in order to read or write data, or the use of an input-output channel to transfer data

EXAMPLERandom access method, indexed access method, sequential access method

access reference, CommonSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Accreditation (Laboratory)STANDARD REFERENCER: K1

acquisition, Data: see Data acquisition

AcronymSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B4A1 ISO 704:1987 5.6.3 AcronymsAcronyms are terms which have been formed from other terms by the processes of clipping and blending

EXAMPLE: radwaste = radioactive waste

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.10 AcronymAbbreviation made up of the initial letters or from syllables of the full form of the designation and pronounced syllabically.

ActORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Act 1) anything done, being done, or to be done: performance; deed. SYNONYMER: feat, exploit; achievement; transaction; accomplishment. See actionAct 2) the process of doing: caught in the act. SYNONYM: deed.Act 3) a formal decision, law, or the like, by edict; statute; judment, resolve, or award: an act. of Congress.Act 4) an instrument or document stating something done or transacted. SYNONYM: record.Act 5, 6, 7 og 8) noget med skuespil mvAct 9) (in British universities) a degree candidate's formal defence of his thesis before a faculty committee.Act 10) Philos. (in scholasticism) a. activity in process; operation. b. the principle or power of operation. c. form as determining essence. d. a state of realization, as opposed to potentiality. V.Act 11) to do something; exert energy or force; be employed or operative. SYNONYMER: perform, function, workAct 12) to reach, make, or issue a decision on some matter. SYNONYMER: perform, function, workAct 13) to operate or function in a particular way; perform specific duties or functions. SYNONYMER: perform, function, workAct 14) to produce an effect; perform a function. SYNONYMER: perform, function, workAct 15) to behave or conduct oneself in a particular fashion. SYNONYMER: perform, function, workAct 16) to pretend; feign.Act 17-27) noget med skuespil

Action STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 ActionOne or more elementary actions that, as a unit, change a collection of sentences into another collection of sentences in the information base or conceptual schema and/or make known a collection of sentences present in the information base or conceptual schema

ORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Action 1) the process or state of acting or being active: the machine is now in action.Action 1) SYNONYMER: movement, operation.Action 2) something performed; an act; a deed.Action 2) SYNONYMER: Action, act, deed mean something done. Action applies esp. to the doing; Act to the result of the doing. In action usually lasts through some time and consists of more than one act mvAction 3) an act that one consciously wills and which may be characterized by physical or mental activity (contrasted with passion): a crisis that demands action instead of debate mvAction 4) actions, habitual or usual acts; conduct; He is responsible for his actions. SYNONYM: behavior.Action 5) energetic activity; a man of action.Action 6) an exertion of power or force; the action of wind upon a ship's sails.Action 7) effect or influence; the action of morphine.Action 9) way or manner of moving; the action of a machine or of a horse.Action 10) the mechanism by which something is operated, as that of a breechloading rifle or a pianoAction 11, 12, 13) noget med militær og krig.Action 14) SlangAction 15, 16, 17 og 18) noget med teater og kunst.Action 19) Law

action, CorrectiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Action descriptionSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 A linguistic object describing an action or permissible action

action, ElementarySTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

action, PermissibleSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

action, PreventiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Activity STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, G1

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Activity 1) the state or quality of being active; the state of acting; action; doing.Activity 2) the quality of acting promptly; energy.Activity 3) a specific deed, action, function, or sphere of action.Activity 4) work, esp. in elementary grades at school, that ....???Activity 5) a use of energy or force; an active movement or operation.Activity 6) normal mental or bodily power, function, or process.Activity 7) liveliness, alertness, or vigorous action.Activity 8) Physical Chem.

Activity 9) Physics.Activity 10) U.S. an organizational unit or the function it performs.

activity, EnterpriseSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

activity model, Application: see Application activity model

Activity type

Actor

actor, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.4.3 Construction actorA human resource of a construction process

Administration

Admitted term: see term, Admitted

Aesthetics: see Quality Standard definitions etc H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1996 2.1 Quality Note 4

Affection

ORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Affection 1) fond attachment, devotion, or love. SYNONYMER: liking, friendliness, amity, fondness, friendship. See loveAffection 2) emotion; feeling; sentiment.Affection 3) Pathol. a disease SYNONYM: See disease.Affection 4) act of affecting; act of influencing or acting uponAffection 5) the state of being affected.Affection 6) Philos. a contingent, alterable and accidental state or quality of being.Affection 7) the affective aspect of a mental process.Affection 8) bent or disposition of mind.Affection 9) Obs. bias; prejudice.

Age

AgencyORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Agency 1-6) an organization, a company, a governmental bureau, the place of business of an agent, an administrative division of a governmentAgency 7) the duty or function of an agent.Agency 8) the relationship between a principal and his agent.Agency 9) state of being in action or of exerting power; action; operation.Agency 10) a means of exerting power or influence; instrumentality SYNONYM: intercession, means, good offices.

Agent

STANDARD REFERENCER: C1

Agent (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.2 AgentWhatever acts on a building or parts of a building

agent, ConstructionSTANDARD REFERENCER: F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.1 Construction agentHuman construction resource

AggregationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

AI: see Artificial intelligence

aid, ConstructionSTANDARD REFERENCER: F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.4.2 Construction aidA material resource intended for use in design, production, maintenance or demolition processes, but which is not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in construction entities

F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.2 Construction aidMaterial construction resource not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in construction entities

aided, Computer-: see Computer-aided

AlgorithmSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.05 AlgorithmA finite ordered set of well-defined rules for the solution of a problem

AlphabetSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.3/5.6 AlphabetLinearly ordered set of alphabetic characters, the order of which has been agreed upon

NOTE 1 This definition also covers the alphabets of natural languages consisting of those characters

represented by letters including letters with diacritics.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 2382-4:1987

Alphabetic(al) arrangement: see arrangement, Alphabetic(al)Alphabetic(al) character: see character, Alphabetic(al)Alphabetic(al) character set: see character set, Alphabetic(al)Alphabetic(al) index: see index, Alphabetic(al)Alphabetic(al) order(ing): see order(ing), Alphabetic(al)Alphabetic(al) ordering, Reverse: see ordering, Reverse alphabetical

Alphanumeric ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.05 AlphanumericPertaining to data that consist of letters, digits, and usually other characters, such as punctuation marks, as well as to processes and functional units that use those data

Alphanumeric(al) character: see character, Alphamumeric(al)Alphanumeric(al) character set: see character set, Alphanumeric(al)

AnalogSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.06 AnalogPertaining to continuously variable physical quantities or to data presented in a continuous form, as well as to processes and functional units that use those data

Analog computer: see computer, Analog

Analysis STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, G1

analysis and design, Objectoriented

analysis, Terminology: see Terminology analysis

AntonomySTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.20 AntonymyRelation between two terms in a given language representing opposite concepts

EXAMPLES Encoding - decoding, positive - negative.

NOTE The terms in the relation of antonomy are called antonyms.

AppellationsSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 7.4 AppellationsA appellation designates an individual concept, that is, concept whose extensions is

made up of a simple object. In terminology, the focus is placed on the names of individual concepts representing objectswhich are members of a set but manifest a certain individuality as opposed to names designating individuals (e.g., Mary, Tom). In a generic concept system, they occupy the very bottom level of the hierarchy.

The formation of appellations should follow the principles and formation processes used for terms.

Application

Application (product data application)STANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.1 ApplicationA group of one or more processes creating or using product data

Application (text processing application)STANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Application activity model: see model, Application activity

Application contextSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.4 Application contextThe environment in which the integrated resources are interpreted to support the use of product data in a specific application

Application conventionSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Application interpreted model: see model, Application interpretedApplication message type: see message type, ApplicationApplication object: see object, ApplicationApplication program: see Application softwareApplication protocol: see protocol, ApplicationApplication reference model: see model, Application referenceApplication resource: see resource, ApplicationApplication software: see software, ApplicationApplication-specific information: see information, Application-specific

Architecture STANDARD REFERENCER:architecture, ComputerSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 The logical structure and functional characteristics of a computer, including the interrelationships among its hardware and software components

Archival scienceSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-08 Archival scienceInformation science aaplied to the organization, administration, and operations of archives (1) or archives (2)

Area

area network, Local: see network, Local area

arrangement, Alphabeti(cal)STANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.12 Alphabetic arrangement; Alphabetic orderMacrostructure in which the terminological entries appear in the alphabetical order of entry terms

arrangement, MixedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.13 Mixed arrangement; Mixed orderMacrostructure in which the terminological entries appear in alphabetical order within systematically arranged sections

arrangement, SystematicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.8.11 Systematic arrangement; Systematic orderMacrostructure in which the terminological entries appear in an order reflecting the underlying concept system.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.8.10 Systematic arrangementArrangement of terminological records in an order reflecting the underlying concept system.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.10 Systematic arrangement; Systematic orderMacrostructure in which the perminological entries appear in an order reflecting the underlying concept system

arrangement, ThematicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.11 Thematic arrangement; Thematic orderMacrostructure in which the terminological entries are arranged in thematic sections

Array STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Artificial intelligence AISTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.12 Artificial intelligence AIThe branch of computer science devoted to developing data processing systems that perform functions normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and self-improvement

Artificial language: see language, Artificial

ArticleSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

AspectSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

aspect, Environmental: see Environmental aspectaspect, Orientation: see Orientation aspect

AssemblySTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303:1994 3.2.10 AssemblyA product that is decomposable into a set of components or other assemblies from the perspective of a specific application

Assembly (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.8 AssemblyAggregate of components used together

assessment, Life cycle: see Life cycle assessmentassisted, Computer-: see Computer-assistedassisted publishing, Computer-: see Computer-assisted publishingAssociated element type: see element type, Associated

Association STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

Associative concept system: see concept system, AssociativeAssociative relation: see relation, Associativeassurance, Quality: see Quality assurance

Asynchronous ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IES 2382-1.1993 01.01.29 AsynchronousPertaining to two or more processes that do not depend upon the occurrence of specific events such as common timing signals

Attribute(s) STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, D5, E2, E3, E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 9.2.1 AttributesThe attributes of an entity data type represent an entity's essential traits, qualities or properties. An attribute declaration establishes a relationship between the entity data type and the data type referenced by the attribute.

The name of an attribute represents the role played by its associated value in the context of the entity in which it occurs.

There are three kinds of attributes:

Explicit: An attribute whose value will be supplied in order to create an instance. Each

explicit attribute identifies a distinct property. An explicit attribute declaration creates one

or more explicit attributes having the indicated domain, and assigns an identifier to each.

Derived: An attribute whose value is computed by evaluating an expression. Derived

attributes are declared following the DERIVE keyword. The declaration consists of the

attribute identifier, its representation type and an expression to be used to compute the

attribute value

Inverse: An attribute whose value consists of instances which use the entity in a particular

role. Etc.

Every attribute establishes relationships between an instance of the declaring entity data type and some other instance or instances. Etc.

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 6.1 Representation of attributes

DefinitionAn attribute is a piece of information stating a property of an entity.

DescriptionAttributes can be further distinguished as:

- Intrinsic attributes, which model something that is part of a building block'so basic

nature or essential character (e.g. the geometry of a part, the condition of a tool, the

qualifications of a worker)- Extrinsic attributes, relating to the context, the situation in which a building

block happens to be during its existence (e.g. its physical characteristics relevant to

some role as described in subclause 5.11) o building block er forklaret under standardens definition af Enterprise Object i

afsnit 5.

Each attribute is defined by its name and type (numbers, literals, structures, etc.). A type

can take on a range of permissible or actual values such as a single identifier (id = 4711), value range (diameter 100.05 mm) or value list (colour is yellow, red or green).Constructs may use ENV 10303-11, the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual, as a means for representing attributes and the relevant definition of data types, expressions and statements.

EXAMPLES of intrinsic and extrinsic properties

a) Intrinsic properties of a part that can be captured by an attribute include geometric

properties, material, identifiers, and physical properties. Rules can be expressed about

these.b) Extrinsic properties of a part include the possible parent part from which a

given part can be assembled, the manufacturing activities by which it can be

transformed, the places (storage, carried by vecicle, workstation) where a part can be found

during the operations. Relation types can be defined for some of these extrinsic

properties (see subclause 7.10), as determined by model granularity and the other constructs

involved in the extrinsic properties. During its life cycle, an occurrence of a building

block will engage in and disengage from several relation occurrences.c) To assemble two parts, their geometric (and chemical) attributes have to

meet certain requirements.d) The arrival order of parts at a workstation is determined by the short term

work schedule. A large number of rules, many related to intrinsic characteristics

and extrinsic incidences on the shop floor determine the work schedule.e) It is an essential characteristic of a manufacturing system that parts

(material) flow through it. Volumes can easily be quantified and indicators established. A pre- requisite for modelling the intrinsics of a manufacturing system is that one is

capable of modelling the extrinsic aspects of the parts transformed in it.

ORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Attribute 1) to regard as resulting from; consider as caused by (usually fol. by to). SYNONYMER: ATTRIBUTE, ASCRIBE, IMPUTE imply definite origin. ATTRIBUTE and ASCRIBE are often used interchangeable, to imply that something originates with a definite person or from a definite cause..... osvAttribute 2) to consider as belonging, as a quality or characteristic.Attribute 3) to consider as made by, esp. with strong evidence but in the absence of conclusive proof.Attribute 4) to regard as produced by or originating in or with; credit; assign.Attribute 5) something attributed as belonging; a quality, character, characteristic, or property. SYNONYM: See qualityAttribute 6) Gram.Attribute 7) Fine Arts.Attribute 8) Philos. (in the philosophy of Spinoza) any of the essential qualifications of God,

thought and extension being the only ones known.Attribute 9) Logic. (in a proposition) that which is affirmed or denied concerning the subject.Attribute 10) Obs. distinguished character; reputation.

Attribute definitionSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Attribute listSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Attribute specificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Attribute value literalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

AuthoritySTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 4.5 AuthorityBody that has legall powers and rights

NOTE An authority can be regional, national or local

automate, (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1


D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.13 automate (to)To make a process or equipment automatic

Automatic ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.12 AutomaticPertaining to a process or equipment that, under specified conditions, functions without human intervention

Automatic data processing: see data processing, Automatic

Automation STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.14 AutomationThe conversion of processes or equipment to automatic operation, or the results of the conversion

automation, OfficeSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.09 Office automationThe integration of office activities by means of an information processing system

NOTE This term includes in particular the processing and communication of text, images, and voice

Axiom STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 AxiomAny closed sentence that is asserted to be considered as such by an authorized source

B bank, Data: see Data bankbank, Term: see Term bankBase form (word): see (word) Base formbase, Information: see Information basebase, Knowledge: see Knowledge baseBase list: see list, BaseBase quantity: see quantity, BaseBase unit (of measurement): see measurement, Base unit ofBasic standard: see standard, Basic

Batch processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.1/10.1 Batch processingProcessing of data or the accomplishment of jobs, accumulated in advanced, in such a manner thet the user cannot further influence its processing while it is in progress

BehaviorORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Behavior 1) manner of behaving or acting SYNONYMER: demeanor, manners; bearing, carriage, BEHAVIOR, CONDUCT, DEPORTMENT, COMPORTMENT refer to one's actions before or toward others, esp. on a particular occasion........Behavior 2) Phychol.Behavior 3) the action or reaction of any material under given circumstances.

Bench Mark

BibliographySTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, B4


B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-13 Bibliography (1)Techniques of identifying and describing document and of arranging these descriptions in a useful order

NOTE For 'Bibliography 2' see ISO 5127-2 'Documents and parts of documents'

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-14 Bibliography (3)Study of the techniques of the production and the dissemination of books

BibliologySTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, B4

Binary digit: see digit, BinaryBit: see Binary digit

BlankSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER;A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 6.11 Blank Character that represents an empty position in a graphic character string (ISO 2382-4:1987)

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.11 Blank Character that represents an empty position in a string of graphical characters

NOTE Adapted form ISO 238-4:1987

BlendSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER;A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.13 BlendTerm formed by clipping and combining two separate terms

EXAMPLEsmog (smoke + fog), infotaiment (information + entertainment)

Block diagram: see diagram, Block

BodySTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 4.1 BodyLegal or administrative entity that has specific tasks and composition

NOTE Examples of bodies are organizations, authorities, companies and foundations

body, Certification: see Certification bodyBorrowed concept: see concept, BorrowedBorrowed term: see term, BorrowedBroader concept: see concept, Broader

Browse VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 12.6/11.5 BrowseRapidly review a collection of documents or go through records in a file on a display screen

NOTE See ISO/IEC 2382-23:1994 for a definition in the context of text processing

Building blockSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

(Building) sub-system (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.6 (Building) sub-systemPart of a building fulfilling one or several of the functions needed to meet the user requirements

Business first party: see party, Business firstBusiness process: see process, BusinessBusiness second party: see party, Business second

ByteSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.09 ByteA string that consists of a number of bits, treated as a unit, and usually representing a character or a part of a character

NOTE 1. The number of bits (binary digits) in a byte is fixed for a given data processing system

2. The number of bits in a byte is usually 8

C CalculatorSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.17 CalculatorA device that is suitable for performing arithmetric operations, but that requires human intervention to alter its stored program, if any, and to initiate each operation or sequence of operations

NOTE A calculator performs some of the functions of a computer, but usually operates only with frequent

human intervention

Capability setSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

CapacitySTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

carrier, Data: see Data carrierCategories of quantities: see quantities, Categories of

Category

category, Data: see Data category

category, RepeatableSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999

7.17/6.17 Repeatable categoryData category which can occur more than once in the same record

EXAMPLEA multilingual terminological entry may contain records in which certain

categories are repeatedfor every language. Categories like synonyms, sources, context, etc. can also be

repeated inmonolingual terminological entries

Causal relation: see relation, CausalCausal relationship: see relationship, Causal

Cause STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

CBC: see Co-ordinated Building Communication

Certification bodySTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Certification of conformitySTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Certification system: see system, Certification

Chain of (link) processes: see processes, Chain of (link)

Change

CharacterSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B1, B2, B4, D1, D5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.1/5.1 CharacterMember of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization or control of data (ISO 2382-4:1987)

NOTE Characters may be categorized as graphic characters and control characters. (ISO 2382-4:1987)

B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.2-04 CharacterMember of a set of elements upon which agreement has been reached and that is used for the organization, control or representation of data.

NOTE Characters may be letters, digits, punctuation marks or other symbols, often represented in the

form of a spatial arrangement of adjacent or connected strokes or in the form of other physical

conditions on data media.REF. ISO 2382-4

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-09 CharacterMember of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization or control

of data

NOTE Characters may be categorized as graphic characters or as control characters. - ISO 1087-2

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Tegn (Character)Symbol hørende til et sæt af symboler der, i kraft af sædvane eller formel beslutning, udgør repræsentationer for visse arter af data og muliggør operationer vedrørende disse. Jf. tegnsæt.

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.11 CharacterA member of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization, or control of data

NOTE Characters may be categorized as follows:

Types Examples

DigitGraphic character Letter

IdeogramSpecial character

Transmission control characterControl character Format effector

Code extension characterDevice control character

character, AlphabeticSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 6.6 Alphabetic characterLetter, also a letter modified by diacritical marks, as used in the written representation of a given language.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.5 Alphabetic characterGraphical character that is a letter as used in the written representation of a given language

NOTE This also includes letters with diacritical marks.

character, Alphanumeric(al)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 6.8 Alphanumeric characterAny character that is either an alphabetic character or a digit.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.4 Alphanumeric characterAlphabetical character or a digit

(Character) class

STANDARD REFERENCER: D5

character, ControlSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.5/5.9 Control characterCharacter whose occurrence in a particular context specifies a control function (ISO 2382-4:1987)

NOTE Control characters initiate, modify and break a data processing operation.

Character dataSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

character, Data: see Data character

character, GraphicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.4/5.3 Graphic characterCharacter, other than a control character, that has a visual representation and is normally produced by writing, printing or displaying

NOTE 1 Adapted fromISO 2382-4:1987NOTE 2 Graphic characters may be alphabetical characters, digits or special characters.

Character numberSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

character, NumericSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4character, Numeric: see Digit

Character referenceSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

character, ReleaseSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

character, SeparatorSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Character setSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, D5, E2, M1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER MVA10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.2/5.2 Character setFinite set of different characters that is complete for a given purpose (ISO 2382-4:1987)

EXAMPLES The international reference version of the character set of ISO 646; the 128

ASCII characters.

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Tegnsæt (Character set)Et antal symboler (tegn) der til et vist formål udgør et homogent og afsluttet sæt. Vigtige tegnsæt er alfabetet og cifrene. Tegnsæt til bredt dækkende formål omfatter også diakritiske tegn, interpunktionstegn, matematiske symboler m.m. International standard for tegnsæt er fx ISO/IEC 10646-1.

E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 7.1 Character setA schema written in EXPRESS shall only use the characters defined by the following selected subset of ISO 10646....This selected subset of ISO 10646 is called the EXPRESS character set. The printable characters from this subset (cells 21 - 7E) are combined to form the tokens for the EXPRESS language. The EXPRESS tokens are keywords, identifiers, symbols or literals. The selected subset of ISO 10646 used to write EXPRESS is further classified below:

NOTES 5 This clause only refers to the characters used to specify an EXPRESS schema, and does not specify

the domain of characters allowed within a string data type.

Efterfølgende indeholder standarden afsnit:7.1.1 Digits7.1.2 Letters7.1.3 Special characters7.1.4 Underscore7.1.5 Whitespace7.1.5.1 Space character7.1.5.2 Newline7.1.5.3 Other characters

character set, AlphabeticSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

character set, AlphanumericSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

character set, NumericSTANDARD REFERENCER. M1character, SpaceSTANDARD REFERENCER: A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.10/6.10 Space character/Space (character)Control character that causes the print or display position to advance one position forward along the line without producing any graphical character

NOTE 1 Space as control character is described in ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 4873 and ISO 6937-1NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 2382-4:1987

character, SpecialSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.9/5.8 Special characterGraphic character that is not an alphanumeric character

EXAMPLESAny punctuation mark, the ampersand (&), the percent sign (%), the plus sign

(+).NOTE Adapted from ISO 2382-4:1987

Character stringSTANDARD REFERENCER: A11, D5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.13 Character stringSequence of characters uninterrupted by blanks

NOTE A character string usually represents a word

(character string), Compressed formSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.12/2.15 Compressed form (character string)Character string having undergone compression

EXAMPLEThe string 'input/output-algorithm' becomes the compressed form:

'inputoutputalgorithm'

NOTE The terms 'reduced form' may be misleading in this context

Characteristic(s)STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, E4, G1, J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.2 CharacteristicsCharacteristics serve as a basis for the classification of concepts. They are necessary for the differentiation of a concept from other concepts of a specific field and for other functions as well.For the creation of new concepts in certain applied fields intrinsic characteristics such as shape, size, material and colour are used in preference to extrinsic characteristics, such as origin, function, discoverer, inventor, position.

Characteristics can also be subdivided into essential characteristics and inessential characteristics. Essential characteristics are those characteristics which reflect the essence of an individual object in a specific field according to a given point of view.

NOTE The distinction between essential and inessential characteristics depends on the purpose of the

terminological work.

An individual object can be seen by different disciplines from different points of view which gives rise to the formation of different concepts representing the same individual object.

EXAMPLESIn thermodynamics the essential characteristics of the concept 'liquid' are those

which indicate thatit is 'a substance in a condensed state, intermediate between a solid and a gas'.In hydromechanics the essential characteristics of the concept 'liquid' are that it

is a substancewhich is 'incompressible', 'very dense', and 'capable of flowing'.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.3.1 Nature of characteristicsConcept formation plays a pivotal role in organizing human knowledge because it provides the means for recognizing objects and for grouping them into meaningful units in a particular field. Objects perceived as sharing the same properties are grouped into units. Etc. - omfattende beskrivelse på yderligere 14 linier.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.2 characteristicMental representation of a property of an object serving to form and delimit its concept

EXAMPLE One of the characteristics of the concept 'fish' is: 'having fins'.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.4 CharacteristicAbstraction of a property of an object or a set of objects

NOTE Characteristics are used for delimiting concepts.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.4 CharacteristicAbstraction of a property of an object or a set of objects

NOTE Characteristics are used for describing concepts.

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 Se om karakteristika i beskrivelse og forklaringer af 'Attributes' under punkt 10.1.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.2 CharacteristicMental representation of a property of an object or of a set of objects.

A.1.1 CharacteristicsCharacteristics describe properties of referents. The number of characteristics for any concept is not limited but some characteristics are considered as essential. The selection of essential characteristics depends on the context or the system of concepts in question. Essential characteristics are used for the classification of a concept or for other types of differentiation such as its definition. Other important but not necessarily differentiating characteristics may be listed for each concept in a given system of concepts.Characteristics can be divided into intrinsic or extrinsic characteristics. Intrinsic characteristics, such as the ones regarding colour ('red'), shape ('round'), size ('< 9 μm' of normal red blood cells), are based on the properties of the referent itself. Extrinsic characteristics, such as the ones regarding origin (e.g. the aetiology of asbestosis is 'abestos'), function (used as 'medicine'), place ('low back' pain), discoverer ('Hodgkin's disease), are based on the relations between referents. Both intrinsic or extrinsic characteristics can be used in definitions, or reflected in terms and terminological phrases.

B.3 Characteristics and differenting criteria

B.3.1 Regularity and scope of characteristicsB.3.2 Conversion and explicit differentiating characteristicsB.3.3 Differentiating criteriaB.3.4 Modifiers

J1 ISO 3534-1:1993/ J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 2.2/1.5.1 CharacteristicA property which helps to identify or differentiate between items of a given population

NOTE The characteristic may be either quantitative (by variables) or qualitative (by attributes)

ORDFORKLARINGER OG SYNONYMER FRA WD:Characteristic 1) Also 'characteristical' pertaining to, constituting, or indicating the character or peculiar quality of a person or thing; distinctive. SYNONYMER: special, peculiar.Characteristic 2) a distinguishing feature or quality. SYNONYMER: attribute, property.Characteristic 3) Math.

characteristic, DelimitingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.3.4 Delimiting characteristicsAfter identifying the essential characteristics that make up the intension of a concept, The terminological analysis shall be taken a step further. Each essential characteristic of the concept under study shall be analyzed in relation to the related concepts in the concept system. Common or shared characteristics indicate similarities between concepts: delimiting characteristics signal differences which set a concept apart. A delimiting characteristic is an essential characteristic that distinguishes one concept from another. However, delimiting and common are relative terms. The same essential characteristic may be delimiting in relation to one concept but common in relation to another related concept. By analysing the similarities and differences between concepts, one will arrive at the unique set of characteristics that typify a given concept. This unique combination of characteristics shall situate the concept within a network of related concepts with similar or different characteristics. The relations between the concepts shall be used determine the basic structure of the concept system. Understanding the characteristics used in modeling *concepts into a system simplifies the task of defining a concept.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.6 Delimiting characteristicEssential characteristic used for distinguishing a concept from other related concepts.

EXAMPLE The delimiting characteristic 'support for the back' is used for distinguishing the

concepts 'stool'and 'chair'.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.7 Delimiting characteristicEssential characteristic used for distinguishing a concept from related concepts

EXAMPLE

The delimiting characteristic 'support for the back' may be used for distinguishing the concepts

'stool' and 'chair'.

characteristic, EquivalentSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 24 Ækvivalente trækEquivalent characteristicsDifferent characteristics which, nevertheless, may be substituted for each other in a given intension without modifying the expression.

The interchangeability of characteristics is caused by an accidental ontological connexion, not by logical equivalence.

EXAMPLESThe characteristics 'equilateral' (= having all sides equal) and 'equingular' (=

having all the angles equal) in the concept 'equilateral (equingular) triangle'; 'convex lens' =

'converging lens'.

characteristic, EssentialSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.2 CharacteristicsCharacteristics serve as a basis for the classification of concepts. They are necessary for the differentiation of a concept from other concepts of a specific field and for other functions as well.

For the creation of new concepts in certain applied fields intrinsic characteristics such as shape, size, material and colour are used in preference to extrinsic characteristics, such as origin, function, discoverer, inventor, position.


NOTE The distinction between essential and inessential characteristics depends on the

purpose of theterminological work.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.3.3 Essential vs. non-essential characteristicsNot all characteristics are aqually important. For practical purposes, the essential characteristics of the intension shall be the focal point of any analysis and may differ according to specific fields. Characteristics are considered essential if they are indispensable for the understanding of the concept in a particular field of knowledge; the absence of an essentila characteristic fundamentally changes the concept. The absenceof an essential characteristic in the course of an analysis will lead to poor or even erroneous understanding of the concept. Beskrivelsen fortsætter med udgangspunkt i et eksempel.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.5 Essential characteristic

Characteristic that is indispensable to understanding a concept.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.6 Essential characteristicCharacteristic which is indispensable to understanding a concept.

characteristic, ExtrinsicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A5, A8



A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 22 RelationstrækExtrinsic characteristicA characteristic belonging to an object only in its relations to another. Frequently occurring types of extrinsic characteristics are the characteristics of origin and of purpose.

EXAMPLESSee 23, 24.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.8 Extrinsic characteristicCharacteristic that reflects the relation of an object to other objects.

EXAMPLES Characteristics denoting, e.g. purpose, function, location.

characteristic, Inessential: see characteristic, Non-essential

characteristic, IntrinsicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A5, A8



A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 21 Iboende trækIntrinsic (inherent) characteristicA characteristic referring to an object in itself, not to its relation to another.

EXAMPLES

Shape; size; material; colour.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.9 Intrinsic characteristicCharacteristic that represents an inherent property of an object.EXAMPLES

Characteristics denoting, e.g. shape, size, material, colour.

characteristic, Non-essential (Inessential)STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2




NOTE The distinction between essential and inessential characteristics depends on the purpose of the

terminological work.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.3.3 Essential vs. non-essential characteristicsNot all characteristics are aqually important. For practical purposes, the essential characteristics of the intension shall be the focal point of any analysis and may differ according to specific fields. Characteristics are considered essential if they are indispensable for the understanding of the concept in a particular field of knowledge; the absence of an essentila characteristic fundamentally changes the concept. The absenceof an essential characteristic in the course of an analysis will lead to poor or even erroneous understanding of the concept. Beskrivelsen fortsætter med udgangspunkt i et eksempel.

Characteristic of originSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

Characteristic of purposeSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 23 FunktionstrækCharacteristic of purposeAn extrinsic characteristic indicationg the purpose which an object serves.

EXAMPLES Mode of employment; the field of application; the assembly location or position.

characteristic(s), Type ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.3 Type of characteristicAny category of characteristics used as a criterion for the establishment of a generic system of concepts.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.5 Type of characteristicsCategory of characteristics used as a criterion for establishing concept systemsEXAMPLE 1

Type of characteristics 'colour' embraces characteristics 'being red, blue, green', etc

EXAMPLE 2Type of characteristics 'material' embraces characteristaic 'made of wood,

metal', etc

CharacterizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 CharacterizationElement of impact assessment in which analysis and quantification of the impact ineach of the selected categories takes place

check, Double-entry: see entry check, Double-check, Format: see Format checkcheck, Plausibility: see Plausibility checkcheck, Spelling: see Spelling check

Chip: see circuit, Integrated

circuit, IntegratedSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.10 Integrated circuit; IC; Microchip; ChipA small piece of semiconductive material that contains interconnected electronic elements

Circular definition: see definition, Circular

ClassSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, B4, D4, D5, E4, H1, J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.6 ClassTotality of all objects to which a concept refers.

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Class (of entities)All possible entities in the universe of discourse for which a given proposition holds.

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 Class An abstraction representing properties, relationships, behaviour and semantics which

are common to a collection of similar phenomena in the real world.

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.2 Grade (in Danish Class)Category or rank given to entities having the same functional use but different requirements for quality

NOTES 1. Grade reflects a planned or recognized difference in requirements for quality. The emphasis is

on the functional use and cost relationship.

2 A high-grade entity (e.g. a luxurious hotel) can be of unsatisfactory quality and vice versa.

3 Where grade is denoted numerically, the highest grade is usually designated as 1, with the lower

grades extending to 2, 3, 4, etc. Where grade is denoted by a point score, such as a number of

stars, the lowest grade usually has the least points or stars.

Klasse (Class)Kategori eller rangorden for entiteter med samme funktionelle anvendelse, men forskellige krav vedr. kvalitet.

J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 2.7 Class (cell)(1) For a qualitative characteristic, appropriately defined groups of items, each group having some common attributes, the groups being mutually exclusive and exhaustive

(2) For a quantitative characteristic, each of the consecutive and mutually exclusive intervals into which the total interval of variation is divided

class, Complementary

class, Conformance: see Conformance class

class, Extensional

class, Intensional

class, Intersection

Class members

class, Universal

ClassificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, B4, E4, F1, G1, I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 14 Klassifikation; KlassifikationssystemClassified system of concepts; Classification A table of the concepts constituting a system of concepts in which the interrelations between the concepts are shown by a pyramid-like arrangement (= by a family tree).

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 Classification The process of arranging abstractions into a structure organised according to their

distinguishing properties.

5.7 Classification and ExemplificationClassification is the process of arranging abstractions into a structure organised according to their distinguishing properties. Each part of the structure defines a group of things that have similar characteristics and is called a class.

Exemplification is the process of selecting or specifying a typical example from a particular class. Exemplification is the inverse function of classification.

An exampel is a typical member of a group or class of things.

F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 Standardforslaget handler om klassifikation i byggeriet og indeholder omfattende beskrivelse af byggeriets klassifikationsforhold. Klasse eller klassifikation er dog ikke defineret i standarden.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 C.3 Thesauri and classificationsThesauri and classifications are two other types of terminological systems.

A thesaurus should be the vocabulary of a controlled indexing language, formally organized so that a priori relationships between concepts (e.g. 'broader' and 'narrower') are made explicit (ISO 2788)

A classification (or taxonomy) should be a terminological system whose system of concepts is structured by generic relations only!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NOTE 1 Classes may consist of objects or concepts; in consequence, two kinds of activities may be

performed on classes:

- in the prepatory work to build a hierarchical system of concepts, the developers of a

classification identify the essential characteristics of each concept in a class, and use

them to organize classes of concepts into the taxonomy;- in the routine application of a classification, the users assign each object to a

class of objects, according to the predefined characteristics.

Dealing with manufactured products, confusion may arise from the fact that a concept can be

constituted through abstraction from the series of products (objects) produced by the same

manufacturer and with the same model identifier. This concept may be assigned to a class of

concepts by the manufacturer or by the responsible of a classification

NOTE 2 'Class' is an abused term in informatics, statistics and terminology work. Various standards define

it differently.

I2 ISO/DIS 14040.2:1995 ClassificationElement of impact assessment in which the inventory parameters are grouped together and sorted into a number of impact categories.

Classification in construction industry

STANDARD REFERENCER: F1

Classification of buildings and engineering works

Classification system: see system, ClassificationClipped term: see term, Clipped

Cluster STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Code STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, B4, D1, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-06 Code (1)Set of rules for the transformation of the language into another language

NOTE This definition differs from ISO 2382-4 which refers to a special application

1.1.4-07 Code (2)Data transformed or represented in different forms according to pre-established set of rules

Code extensionSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5Code of practiceSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

code, Segment: see Segment code

Code setSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

CodingSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-08 CodingProcess of data transformation or data representation

Coherent ADJ

Coherent system of units of measurement: see measurement, Coherent system of units ofCoherent unit of measurement: see measurement, Coherent unit of

CollectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Command STANDARD REFERENCER: B4, D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 The order or trigger for an action or permissible action to take place

Command condition


command, ElementarySTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

Command statementSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 A linguistic object expressing a command or elementary command

Common ADJ

Common access reference: see access referencer, CommonCommon language: see language, Common

Communication STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 Transfer of meaning by means of transmission of signals

communication, Data: see Data communicationCommunication system: see system, Communicationcommunication, Tele-: see Telecommunication

Communication theorySTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-06 Communication theoryScientific discipline concerned with the study of communication processes and communication systems

Comparison STANDARD REFERENCER: C1

CompatibilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, D1, H1, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.7/10.7 CompatibilityCapability of a functional unit to meet the requirements of a specified interface without appreciable modification(ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993)

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.11 CompatibilityThe capatibility of a functional unit to meet the requirements of a specified interface without appreciable modification

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.6 CompatibilityAbility of entities to be used together under specific conditions to fulfil relevant

requirements

NOTE The above definition is valid for the purpose of quality standards. The term 'compatibility' is

defined differently in ISO/IEC Guide 2 (K1)

Complementary class: see class, Complementary

complex, ConstructionSTANDARD REFERENCER: F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.2.2/2.3 Construction complexTwo or more adjacent construction entities collectively serving one or more user activity or function

Complex entity data type: see data type, Complex entitycomplex entity data type, Partial: see data type, Partial complex entityComplex entity instance: see entity instance, Complexcomplex entity instance, Partial: see entity instance, Partial complexComplex term: see term, Complex

ComponentSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.11 ComponentA product that is not subject for decomposition from the perspective of a specific application

Component (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.7 ComponentProduct manufactured as a distinct unit to serve a specific function (or functions)

Component data element: see data element, ComponentComponent data element separator: see data element separator, Componentcomponents, Information technology: see Information technology componentscomponents, Manufacturing technology: see Manufacturing technology componentsComposite data element: see data element, Composite

Composition

Compound term: see term, CompoundCompound word: see word, CompoundComprehensive concept: see concept, ComprehensiveCompressed form (character string): see (character string), Compressed form

Compression (natural-language processing)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11


A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.4/7.4 CompressionOperation transforming a word form into a simplified form for data processing

NOTE Compression usually involves the stripping of all diacritics, the suppression of blanks and all

special characters and the elimination of the upper/lower case distinctions. Compression is used,

for example, for the generation of indexes to neutralize certain spelling variants.

Computer STANDARD REFERENCER: B4, C1, D1

Computer-aided (Computer-assisted) ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 12.1/11.1 Computer-aidedPertaining to a technique or process in which part of the human work is done with the assistance of a computer

EXAMPLEComputer-aided terminology work, computer-aided translation etc.

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.14 Computer-aidedPertaining to a technique or process in which part of the work is done by a computer

Computer-aided publishing: see Electronic publishingcomputer, AnalogSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.05 Analog computerA computer whose operations are analogous to the behavior of another system and that accepts, processes, and produces analog data

Computer architecture: see architecture, ComputerComputer assisted: see Computer-aidedComputer-assisted publishing: see Electronic publishing

Computer crimeSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.07.02 Computer crimeA crime committed through the use, modification, or destruction of hardware, software, or data

computer, DigitalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.04 Digital computer

A computer that is controlled by internally stored programs and that is capable of using common storage for all or part of a program and also for all or part of the data necessary for he execution of the programs; executing user-written or user-designed programs; performing user-designated manipulation of digitally represented discrete data, including arithmetic operations and logic operations; and executing programs that modify themselves during theit execution.

NOTE In English, in information processing, the term computer is often used to refer to a digital

computer

Computer generationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.17 Computer generationA category in a historical classification of computers based mainly on the technology used in their manufacture

EXAMPLEFirst generation based on relays or vacuum tubes, the second on transistors, the

third onintegrated circuits

Computer graphicsSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.08 Computer graphicsMethods and techniques for construction, manipulation, storage, and display of images by means of a computer

computer, LaptopSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.23 Laptop computerA battery powered portable computer small and light enough to be operated on a person's lap

computer, Micro-STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.19 MicrocomputerA digital computer whose processing unit consists of one or more microprocessors, and includes storage and input-output facilities

computer, Mini-STANDARD REFERENCER. D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.23 MinicomputerA digital computer that is functionally intermediate between a microcomputer and a

mainframe

Computer networkSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.45 Computer networkA network of data processing nodes that are interconnected for the purpose of data communication

computer, Personal PCSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.20 Personal computer PCA microcomputer primarily intended for stand-alone use by an individual

computer, PortableSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.21 Portable computerA microcomputer that can be hand-carried for use in more than one location

Computer program: see Program; Computer programComputer resource: see Resource; Computer resource

Computer scienceSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.16 Computer scienceThe branch of science and technology that is concerned with information processing by means of computers

computer, Super-STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.24 SupercomputerAny of the class of computers that have the highest processing speeds available at a given time for solving scientific and engineering problems

Computer system: see Data processing system

ComputerizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.16 ComputerizationAutomation by means of computers

computerize (to) V


STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.15 computerize (to)To automate by means of computers

Computing system: see Data processing system

Conceiving ADJ

Concept STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B1, B2, C1, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.1 Concepts and objectsConcepts are mental constructs serving to classify individual objects of the inner or outer world by way of more or less arbitrary abstraction.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 From introductionConcepts:- depict or correspond to a set of objects- are represented in language by designations or by definitions- are organized into concept systems

5.1 Nature of concepts for terminologyTo communicate we do not differentiate and mame every individual object in the world. Instead, by observing the objects around us and through a process of abstraction called conceptualization, we categorize objects into mental constructs or units of thought called concepts which we represent in various forms of communication (object concept communication). Ect. - fyldig beskrivelse.

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 2 Begreb (betydning af term; indhold af term)ConceptAny unit of thought, generally expressed by a term, a letter symbol or by any other symbol.

Concepts may be the mental representation not only of beings or things (as expressed by nouns), but, in a wider sense, also of qualities (as expressed by adjectives or nouns), of actions (as expressed by verbs or nouns), and even of locations, situations or relations (as expressed by adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions or nouns).

A concept may represent only one individual object or - by 'abstraction' - comprise all individuals having certain characteristics in common.

Furthermore a concept may arise from the combination of other concepts, even without regard to reality. The number of concepts (represented by terms) which may be combined to form a new concept (term) is limited by the fact that in a proposition a concept can only be either subject or predicate, but not comprise both.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.1 ConceptA unit of thought constituted through abstraction on the basis of properties common to a set of objects.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997

3.2.1 ConceptUnit of knowledge constructed through combining characteristics.

NOTE Concepts are not bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by the social or

cultural background often leading to different categorizations.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.1 ConceptUnit of thought constituted through abstraction on the basis of properties of a set of one or more objects.


cultural background

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.1 ConceptUnit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics

NOTE Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, often influenced

by the social or cultural background leading to different categorizations

B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.1-03 ConceptAny unit of thought o)

NOTE A concept is used to structure the knowledge and perception of the surrounding world and need not

to be expressed

o) See also A ISO/R 1087

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.1-01 ConceptUnit of thought constituted through abstraction on the basis of properties of a set of one or more objects (1.1.1-02)


cultural background. - A ISO/CD 1087-1:1995.

C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.11 ConceptA general idea of something formed by mentally combining all specific parts and characteristic features; an abstract notion, a theoretical construct (Collins English Dictionary)

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.1 ConceptUnit of thought constituted through abstraction on the basis of properties common to a set of one or more referents

NOTE This definition is taken from the current revision of A ISO/CD 1087-1.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Concept 1. a general notion or idea; conception.Concept 2. an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics

or particulars; a construct.Concept 3. a directly conceived or intuited object of thought.

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:Universal, general or abstract notion-Conception (see Idea)

concept, BorrowedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8

concept, ComprehensiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.17 Comprehensive conceptConcept in a partitive relation covering an object as a whole

concept, Co-ordinateSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.20 Coordinate conceptSubordinate concept having the same nearest superordinate concept and criterion of subdivision as some other concept in a given concept system

Concept correspondance: see correspondance, Concept

concepts, Description ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: A4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 5 Description of conceptsBefore formulating the harmonized definition, agreement shall be reached on:

a) the characteristics that are essential to the intension of the concept;

b) the characteristics that are essential for the inclusion in the definition.

Definitions shall be formulated according to ISO 704 and ISO 10241.

All versions of a definition in the different languages shall include the same characteristics. The formulation of definitions, however, depends on the rules of the individual languages.Concept diagram: see diagram, Concept

concepts, Differences betweenSTANDARD REFERENCER: A4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 4.1.1.2 Differences between conceptsConcepts and concept systems are likely to differ considerably if

a) several theoretical positions prevail in the same subject field; and/or

b) the subject field is new and developing rapidly; and/or

c) the subject field deals with the humanities or the social sciences (i.e. concerns philosohical, political, ideological etc. issues); and/or

d) there is no tradition of standardization in the field

concept, EntitySTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

Concept FieldSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.10 Concept fieldUnstructured set of thematically related concepts

NOTE Concept fields may be used as a starting point for establishing concept systems

concept, GeneralSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.2 Individual and general conceptsWhen the concept depicts a singel object, it is called an individual concept andis represented in special language as an appellation (e.g. United Nations, Internet, World Wide Web) or a symbol (e.g. - her vises nogle logoer). When the concept depicts a set of two or more objects, it is called a general concept and, in special languages, the designation takes the form of a term (e.g. floppy disk, liquidity, money market fund, etc.) or a symbol (7, <, $).

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.3 General conceptConcept which corresponds to two or more objects which form a group by reason of common properties

EXAMPLE'planet', 'tower' (only understandable when looking at the definition of Individual

concept)

concept, GenericSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.15 Generic conceptConcept in a generic relation having the smaller intensionConcept harmonizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A4, A6, A7, A8

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 3.1 Concept harmonization:Activity for reducing or eliminating minor differences between two or more concepts that are already closely related to each other

NOTE Concept harmonization is an integral part af standardization

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997

3.6.4 Concept harmonizationActivity in terminology work for reducing or elimination minor differences between two or more concepts which are already closely related to each other (ISO 860:1996)

NOTE Concept harmonization is an integral part af standardization

concept, IndividualSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.2 Individual and general conceptsWhen the concept depicts a singel object, it is called an individual concept andis represented in special language as an appellation (e.g. United Nations, Internet, World Wide Web) or a symbol (e.g. - her vises nogle logoer). When the concept depicts a set of two or more objects, it is called a general concept and, in special languages, the designation takes the form of a term (e.g. floppy disk, liquidity, money market fund, etc.) or a symbol (7, <, $).

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.2 Individual conceptConcept which corresponds to only one object

EXAMPLES'Saturn' 'the Eiffel Tower'

NOTE Individual concepts are usually represented by names

concept, PartitiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.18 Partitive conceptConcept in a partitive relation covering only a part of an object

Concept relations, Types of: see RelationsConcept representation: see representation, Concept

concepts, Schedule ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

concepts, Series ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

concepts, Similarities betweenSTANDARD REFERENCER: A4STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 4.1.1.1 Similarities between conceptsConcepts and concept systems specific to individual language communities and/or nations are likely to be closer to each other if

a) the subject field is well established and relatively stable; and/or

b) the subject field deals with concrete objects, such as machinery, tools, materials, or industrial products; and/or

c) there is a tradition of standardization in the subject field

concept, SpecifikSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.16 Specific conceptConcept in a generic relation having the greater intension

concept, SubordinateSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.14 Subordinate concept; Narrower conceptConcept which is either a specific concept, or a partitive concept

concept, SuperordinateSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.13 Superordinate concept; Broader conceptConcept which is either a generic concept, or a comprehensive concept

Concept system: see system, Concept

concepts, ViewSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

Conception

Conceptual levelSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

Conceptual model: see model, ConceptualConceptual schema: see schema, ConceptualConceptual schema language: see language, Conceptual schema

Conceptualization principleSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

Concordance STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Concordance (computational linguistics/computer applications)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.4/4.4 ConcordanceAlphabetically ordered list of word forms extracted form a text including the source reference for each item as well as a selectable portion of the text preceding and following the word form in question

NOTE A concordance usually has the form of a KWIC (keyword in context) concordance or of a sentence

concordance.

Concordance of definitionsSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 4.3 Concordance of definitionsA definition should fix and if possible reflect in words the position of a given concept in the system of all related concepts to which it belongs. For this reason the characteristics should be selected in such a way that the concept is delimited against related concepts. The definition of all concepts of a system of concepts should be consistent with one another.

NOTE In alphabetical dictionaries definitions are often inconsistent, since they may be formulated without

considering their interdependence.

concordance, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.7 Terminological concordanceOrdered list of terms extracted from a corpus together with a context and source refrence

Condition STANDARD REFERENCER:

condition, Command: see Command condition

ConditionalSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Conditional relationship: see relationship, Conditional

ConfigurationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.26 ConfigurationThe manner in which the hardware and software of an information processing system are organized and interconnected

Conformance classSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

Conformance requirementSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

conformance statement, Protocol implementation: see Protocol implementation conformance, statement

ConformitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, K1


H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.9 ConformityFulfilment of specified requirements

NOTE The above definition is valid for the purpose of quality standards. The term 'conformity' is


ConjunctionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

Connected directed graph: see graph, Connected directed

ConnectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

ConnectivitySTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.27 ConnectivityThe capability of a system or device to be attached to other systems or devices without modification

ConstantSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.3 ConstantA named value from a specified domain which cannot be modified

Constitution

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Constitution 1) the way in which a thing is composed or made up; make-up; composition.Constitution 2) the physical character of the body as to strength, health, etc.Constitution 3) character or condition of mind; disposition; temperament.Constitution 4) the act or process of constituting; establishment.Constitution 5) the state of being constituted; formation.Constitution 6) any established arrangement or custom.Constitution 7) See Constitution of the United States.Constitution 8) the system of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state, corporation, or the like, is governed.Constitution 9) the document embodying these principles.

ConstructSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

construct, Resource: see Resource construct

Construct setSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Construct templateSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Construction actor: see actor, ConstructionConstruction agent: see agent, ConstructionConstruction aid: see aid, ConstructionConstruction complex: see complex, ConstructionConstruction entity: see entity, ConstructionConstruction entity lifecycle stage: see stage, Construction entity lifecycleConstruction entity part: see part, Construction entityConstruction information: see information, ConstructionConstruction object: see object, ConstructionConstruction process: see process, ConstructionConstruction product: see product, ConstructionConstruction resource: see resource, ConstructionConstruction result: see result, Construction

ContextSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.7 ContextSupporting text which illustrates the use of the concept or the use of a designation

context, Application: see Application contextContextual definition: see definition, Contextual

Contextual sequenceSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Contract reviewSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

ContractorSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.12 ContractorSupplier in a contractual situation

NOTES 1 The contractor is sometimes referred to as the 'business first party'2 In French, the 'titulaire du contrat' is sometimes called 'contractant'

Control STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, E3

Control character: see character, Controlcontrol header, Interchnage: see Interchange control headercontrol, Quality: see Quality controlcontrol, Total quality: see quality control, Totalcontrol trailer, Interchange: see Interchange control trailerconvention, Application: see Application conventionConventional true value (of a quantity): see value of a quantity, Conventional trueConversion STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

conversion, Data: see Data conversion

Convert V

STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.8/8.8 ConvertChange the representation of data from one form to another, without changing the information conveyed

EXAMPLECode conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, media conversion

Coordinate(s)

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:ODS: Co-ordinateEqual-Co-equal-Of the same rank.

Coordinate concept: see concept, CoordinateCoordinate system: see system, CoordinateCo-ordinated Building Communication (CBC) system:

see system, Co-ordinated Building Communication

Coordination, Co-ordination STANDARD REFERENCER: A8LYKEION REFERENCER: 4.12, 4.16, 4.41, 4.64

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:1. the act of coordination or of being coordinated.2. proper order or relationship3. harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(senlat. coordinatio, af latin. con. + ordinatio ordning, til ordinare ordne) samordning, sideordning; fysiol. sammenspil mellem musklerne (mods. inkoordination).

Co-ordination of permissible actions: see actions, Co-ordination of permissible

Copy VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9,3/8.3 CopyRead data from a source data medium, leaving the source data unchanged, and write the same data on a destination data medium

EXAMPLETo copy a file from a magnetic tape onto a diskette

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 2382-6:1987NOTE 2 Source and destination data medium may be physically the samecopy, HardSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.04 Hard copy

A permanent copy of a display image generated on an output unit such as a printer or a plotter, and which can be carried away

copy, SoftSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.05 Soft copyNonpermanent output of information in audio or visual format

EXAMPLEA cathode ray tube display

CorpusSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.3.6 CorpusCollection of language data brought together for analysis

corpus, Text (Computational linguistics/Language engineering)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.7/2.7 Text corpus Systematic collection of machine-readable texts or parts of text prepared, coded and stored according to predefined rules.

NOTE A text corpus may be limited according to aspects of subject fileds, size or time, e.g. mathematical

texts, certain periodicals from 1986 onwards. It is used as source material for further linguistic

analysis or terminology work

CorrectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Corrective action: see action, Corrective

CorrelationSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 1.13 CorrelationThe relationship between two or several random variables within a distribution of two or more random variables

NOTE Most statistical measures of correlation measure only the degree of linear relationship

correspondance, ConceptSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8

Corresponding set: see set, Corresponding

Country identifier: see identifier, Countrycrime, Computer: see Computer crime

Culture

CustomerSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.9 CustomerRecipient of a product provided by a supplier

NOTES 1 In a contractual situation, the customer is called the 'purchaser'2 The customer may be, for example, the ultimate consumer, user, beneficiary

or purchaser3 The customer can be either external or internal to the organization

Cycle STANDARD REFERENCER:

cycle, Life: see Lifecycle

D Data STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B2, C1, D1, D4, D5, E1, M1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.2/2.2 DataRepresentation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing

NOTE Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-01 DataRepresentation of information (1) in a formalized manner suitable for communication (1.1.3-01) interpretation and processing

NOTE ISO 1087-2

C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.16 DataA re-interpretable representation of information or observations in a formalised manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by automatic means (Based on ISO 2382-1)

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.02 DataA reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing.

NOTES Data con be processed by humans or by automatic means

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 DataThe representation forms of information dealt with by information systems and users there of.

E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.14 DataA representation of information in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human beings or computers

Data acquisitionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 7.3 Data aquisitionProcess of collecting and entering data into a data processing system

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2: 1999 6.3 Data acquisitionProcess of collecting, entering and storing data in a data processing system

Data bankSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B2, B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 7.7 Data bankCollection of databases including the organizational framework for managing them

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2: 1999 6.7 Data bankCollection of databases including the organizational framework for recording, processing and disseminating data

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-10 Data bankSet of related files or databases combined with a storage system, a processing system and a retrieval system

NOTE This definition differs considerably from that given in ISO 2382-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.08.04 Data bankA set of data related to a given subject and organized in such a way that it can be consulted by subscribers

data bank, Terminological: see Term bankData base: see DatabaseData carrier: see Data medium

Data categorySTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 7.16 Data category (Data element type)Instruction for interpreting a given data field

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2: 1999 6.14 Data category (Data element type)Result of the specification of a given data field

Data characterSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

data, Character: see Character data

data collection, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.20/2.21 Terminological data collectionCollection of data containing information on concepts of specific subject fields

Data communicationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 11.10 Data communicationTransfer of data between functional units according to protocols governing data transmission and the coordination of the exchange.(ISO 2382-9:1993)

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999

10.10 Data communicationTransfer of data between functional units according to set of rules governing data transmission and the coordination of the exchange.(ISO/IEC 2382-9:1993)

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.39 Data communicationTransfer of data among functional units according to sets of rules governing data transmission and the coordination of the exchange

Data conversionSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-05 Data conversionChanging data from one form of representation to another

EXAMPLEFrom one software to another, catalogue retroconversion

Data elementSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, M1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 7.13 Data elementSmallest identifiable unit of content in a given record

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.11 Data elementUnit of data that, in a certain context, is considered indivisible.(ISO 2382-4:1987)

data element, ComponentSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

data element, CompositeSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Data element directorySTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Data element nameSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Data element separatorSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

data element separator, ComponentSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

data element, ServiceSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

data element, SimpleSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1Data element tagSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Data element type: see Data category

Data element valueSTANDARD REFERENCER. M1

Data exchangeSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.15 Data exchangeThe storing, accessing, transferring, and archiving of data

Data fieldSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.12/6.12 Data fieldVariable or fixed length portion of a record reserved for a particular data element.

Data field directorySTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.11/6.13 Data field directoryIndex to the location of data fields within a record, containing the label, length, and location of each data field within the record

Data input: see Input....

data, Machine-readableSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 7.4 Machine-readable dataData in a form which can be entered directly ino a data processing system

NOTE Under certain circumstances data can be made machine-readable, e.g. by means of optical

character recognition (OCR)

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.4 Machine-readable dataData which are readily available for data processing.

Data managementSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 In a data processing system, the functions that provide access to data, performs or monitors the storage of data, and controls input-output operations

Data mediumSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B1, B2, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.1/6.1 Data mediumPhysical medium in or on which data can be recorded and from which data can be retrieved.

EXAMPLEmagnetic disk, CD ROM, microform

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993NOTE 2 In the field of librarianship and documentation data medium is referred to as data carrier.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-02 Data medium (Data carrier)Physical medium in or on which data can be recorded and from which data can be retrieved

NOTE ISO 1087-2

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.51 Data mediumA material in or on which data can be recorded and from which data can be retrieved

Data output: see Output.....

Data processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B1, B2, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.3/2.3 Data processingSystematic performance of operations upon data

EXAMPLEArithmetric or logic operations upon data, merging or sorting of data,

assembling or compiling ofprograms, or operations on text, such as text editing, sorting, merging, storing,

retrieving,displaying, or printing.

NOTE The term should not be used as a synonym for information processing (ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993)

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-03 Data processingSystematic performance of operations upon data

NOTE ISO 1087-2

EXAMPLEArithmetric or logic operations on data, merging or sorting of data, assembling

or compiling ofprograms, or operations on text, such as text editing, sorting, merging, storing,

retrieving,

displaying or printing

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.06 Data processing; Automatic data processingThe systematic performance of operations upon dataEXAMPLE

Arithmetric or logic operations on data, merging or sorting of data, assembling or compiling of

programs, or operations on text, such as text editing, sorting, merging, storing, retrieving,

displaying or printing

NOTE The term data processing must not be used as a synonym for information processing

data processing, Automatic: see Data processingData processing system: see system, Data processing

Data protectionSTANDARD REFERENCER. D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.3/10.3 Data protectionImplementation of appropriate administrative, technical or psysical means to guard against intentional or accidental disclosure, modification or destruction of data


data, Product: see Product data

Data qualitySTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:Data qualityDegree ofconfidence in individual input data from a source, aggregated data and in the data set as a whole. LCA data quality is described by established indicators selected for the study

data segment, UserSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Data specification language: see language, Data specification

data, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.8.1 Terminological dataData related to concepts or their designations

NOTE The more common terminological data include entry term, note, grammatical label, subject label,

language identifier, country identifier and source identifier

Data transformation

STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-04 Data transformationSwitching of data from one data medium to another

EXAMPLEpaper to microform, CIM

Data transmissionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 11.11 Data transmissionThe conveying of data from one point to one or more other points over telecommunication facilities(ISO 2382-9:1993)

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 Electronic transfer of data from one point to one or more other points over telecommunication facilities


Data typeSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.4 Data typeA domain of instances

data type, Complex entitySTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.1 Complex entity data typeAn allowed combination of entity data types within a particular subtype/supertype graph

data type, Partial complex entitySTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.9 Partial complex entity data typeA grouping of entity data types within a subtype/supertype graph which may form part of a complex entity data type

Data validationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 10.1 Data validationProcess used to determine whether dataare formally inaccurate, incomplete, or unreasonable

NOTE Data validation may include format checks, completeness checks, plausibility checks, double-entry

checks and spelling checks

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.1 Data validationProcess used to determine whether data are formally accurate, consistent, correct, complete and plausible

NOTE Adapted from ISO 2382-8:1998

DatabaseSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B2, B4, D1, D4STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 7.5 DatabaseCollection of data organized according to a conceptual structure


A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.5 DatabaseCollection of data organized according to a pre-established structure


B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-11 DatabaseSet of data, part or the whole of another set of data, and consisting of at least one file that is sufficient for a given purpose or for a given data processing system

NOTE This definition differs considerably from that given in ISO 2382-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.08.05 DatabaseA collection of data organized according to a conceptual structure describing the characteristics of these data and the relationships among their corresponding entities, supporting one or more application areas

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 DatabaseThe representation of all information dealt with in an information system, taken together

database for procurement, TerminologicalLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.83

database, Full textSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-12 Full text databaseSource database containing complete documents or fundamental parts of documents

database, ObjectorientedLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.83

Database schema: see schema, DatabaseDatabase system: see system, database

database, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.6 Terminological databaseDatabase containing terminological data

A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.6/6.6 Terminological databaseDatabase containing terminological dataNOTE This entry is pending to coordinate with ISO 1087-1

debug (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.07 debug (to)To detect, locate, and eliminate errors in programs

DecompositionSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

DefectSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.11 DefectNonfulfilment ofan intended usage requirement or reasonable expectation, including one concerned with safety

NOTE The expectation must be reasonable under the existing circumstances

Definition STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B4, E3, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 4.1 General (om definition)A definition is a comprehensive description of a concept by means of known concepts expressed mainly by verbal means.

The purpose of a definition is to

- describe a concept at a given level of abstraction;- distinguish the concept from related concepts;- establish the relationships between the concepts in question and the other concepts in the system in order to determine the position of the concept in the system;- delimit a concept for the purpose of normative terminology work.

The definition should be the starting point for selection and analyzing terms. When selecting or seeking an appropriate term for a concept it is necessary to start with a clear definition of the concept. For clarifying the concept, its intension and its extension have to be determined.

4.2 Types of definitionsThe definitions most frequently used in terminology work are intensional and extensional definitions.

4.3 Concordance of definitions - see Concordance of definitions

Efterfølgende afsnit i ISO 704:1987 med beskrivelse af principper for udvikling af definitioner er ikke medtaget:

4.4 Principles for developing definitions 4.4.1 Characteristics reflected in a definition4.4.2 Adequacy of a definition4.4.3 Systematic nature of a definition4.4.4 Conciseness of a definition4.4.5 Incomplete definitions4.4.6 Circular resoning4.4.7 Tautology4.4.8 Negative definitions

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 From introduction:Definitions:Define or describe the concept

6.1 Types of definitionsA definition shall define the concept as a unit with a unique intension and extension. The unique combination of characteristics creating the intension shall identify the conceptand affirm its differentiation from other concepts. The quality of a termonology product will depend largely on the quality of the definitions.

Some terms are so long and complex that they almost fill the role of definition; some *definitions are sometimes so short that they can be easily confused with a term. However, one ought not to confuse the designation and definition.

A definition may be complemented by a NOTE or a graphic representation.

In terminology, we recognize the following types of definitions:- intensional definition- extensional definition

Efterfølgende afsnit i ISO/DIS 704:1999 med beskrivelser af definitionsarbejde er ikke medtaget:

6.4 Definition writing6.4.1 Principles for definition writing6.4.2 Systemic nature of definitions6.4.3 Conciseness6.4.4 Subject field6.4.5 Principle of substitution6.5 Deficient definitions6.5.1 Circular definitions6.5.2 Incomplete definitions6.5.3 Negative definitions

A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 Udsagn om definitioner fra ISO/DIS 860:1993 International harmonisering af begreber og termer:

I standarden beskrives metoder til sammenlignende analyser for harmonisering af begrebssystemer og enkeltbegreber herunder indsamling af definitioner fra pålidelige kilder som grundlag for en beskrivelse af det enkelte begreb med de karakteristika, som er essentielle at inkludere i begrebsdefinitionen.

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 27 DefinitionVerbal description of a concept.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 4.1 DefinitionStatement which describes a concept and permits its differentiation from other concepts within a system of concepts.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.3.1 DefinitionStatement that describes a concept and permits its diffentiation from other concepts.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.3.1 DefinitionStatement that describes a concept and permits its differentiation from related concepts.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.3.1 DefinitionRepresentation of a concept by a statement which describes it

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 DefinitionFormaliseret forklaring af hvad der menes med et bestemt begreb, ord eller symbol, med henblik på ensartet brug i kommunikationssituationer. Det der skal forklares kaldes definiendum, den forklarende del kaldes definiens. Der skelnes mellem to hovedtyper af definitioner: Intensionale og ekstensionale. En intensional definition angiver de karakteristiske egenskaber, jf. intension, ved et begreb, fortrinsvis ved at angive dets nærmeste overbegreb samt de egenskaber der adskiller det fra andre begreber med samme nærmeste overbegreb; dette kaldes også definition ved genus og species. En ekstensional definition opregner den mængde af forskellige begreber, fænomener eller størrelser som definiendum omfatter, jf. ekstension. I praksis anvendes ofte blandede typer af definition eller mindre strengt formaliserede typer, afhængigt af hvilke kommunikationssituationer et sæt af definitioner skal indgå i, fx teoretisk grundlagsdebat over for indføring i et fagområde. En særlig type definition er den ostensive, hvor der fremvises et eksemplar af den art størrelser eller fænomener som menes med begrebet, enten direkte som fysisk genstand eller som en afbildning.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.11 DefinitionStatement that describes a concept in order to permit its differentiation from related concepts.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Definition 1) the act of defining or making definite or clear. 2) the formal statement of the meaning or significance of a word, phrase, etc. 3) condition of being definite. 4) Optics. 5) Radio

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD2:Definition 1) an act of determining or setting the limits

2a) a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or of a sign or symbol 2b) the action or process of defining 3a) the action or the power of making definite and clear 3b) the state of being clear (the definitions of the hills)

THESAURUSKLYNGER FRA RT:Oversigten medtager kun navneordsformerne for de synonymer og nærsynonymer som er tættest på definition.80.8 Particularity: (Characterization-Distinction-Differentiation;) Definition-Description234.1 Circumscription: Circumscription-Definition-Specification444.2 Visibility: Definiteness-Definition545.3 Meaning: Explanation-Definition-Construction-Interpretation548.2 Intelligibility: Definition552.1 Interpretation: Definition-Description583.2 Nomenclature: Naming-Denomination-Designation-Terming-Definition-Identification

THESAURUSKLYNGER FRA RT2:Oversigten medtager kun navneordsformerne for de synonymer og nærsynonymer som er tættest på definition.31.2 Visibility: Definiteness-Definition-Sharpness-Microscopical distinctness210.1 Circumscription: Circumscription-Limiting-Circumscribing-Bounding-Demarcation-Delimitation-Definition-Determination-Specification341.1 Interpretaion: Definition-Description518.3 Meaning: Explanation-Definition-Construction-Sensedistinction-Interpretation521.2 Intelligibility: Plainness-Distinctness-Microscopical distinctness-Explicitness-Clearcutness-Definition527.2 Nomenclature: Naming-Calling-Denomination-Appellation-Designation-Designating-Styling-Terming-Definition-Identification864.8 Particularity: (Characterization-Distinction-Differentiation); Definition-Description1034.5 Television: ........

SYNONYMER FRA PD:Definition 1) Explanationn (of the meaning), exact meaning2) Description (by a statement of characteristic properties)3) Defining, exact statement of the meaning

LITTERATUR:

Udsagn om definitioner fra Jørgen Jørgensens Indledning til logikken og metodelæren fra 1963:

Jørgen Jørgensen skriver på side 36: "Der er anledning til at fremhæve det vigtige forhold, at der mellem klassifikationer og definitioner er en intim sammenhæng, idet ethvert klassifikationssystem svarer til et bestemt definitionssystem og omvendt, således at en ændring af det ene system vil medføre en tilsvarende ændring af det andet. At det forholder sig således indses let, når man gør sig klart, hvad definitioner er".

Jørgen Jørgensen skriver endvidere på side 113:"Kun så meget står fast, at definitionerne skal angive de omhandlede emners væsentlige egenskaber. Men hvad det nærmere beset vil sige, at en egenskab er væsentlig, er meget vanskeligt at afgøre. Hvad man betragter som væsentligt for et emne afhænger nemlig af det synspunkt, man anlægger på det. Fra først af har man sandsynligvis overvejende interesseret sig for tingenes praktiske nytte, og deres praktiske formål har derfor været bestemmende for, hvilke egenskaber der ansås for væsentlige. Dette synspunkt gør sig endnu i høj grad gældende i det daglige liv, og mange dagligdags ord,

som betegner klasser af de i det daglige liv anvendte ting, kan sikkert defineres ved hjælp af de egenskaber, som ifølge tingenes praktiske formål er de væsentligste.

I videnskaberne er det derimod primært ikke tingenes praktiske formål, man har for øje, men tilvejebringelsen af en sådan beskrivelse, at den stemmer med tingenes objektive sammenhæng, specielt med de naturlove, som gælder for dem. Mens de praktiske definitioner og klassifikationer er bestemt af menneskelige formål, søger man i videnskaberne en ordning, som er bestemt ved tingene selv, uafhængigt af menneskelige ønsker, interesser og vaner. En klassifikation er derfor udfra et videnskabeligt synspunkt passende eller hensigtsmæssig, når den omfatter samtlige kendte objekter og inddeler dem på en sådan måde, at der i videst muligt omfang kan formuleres naturlove, som gælder for dem. I videnskaberne er således de egenskaber de væsentligste, som kan tjene til tilvejebringelsen af en sådan beskrivelse og ordning".

definition, Attribute: see Attribute definitiondefinitions, Concordance of: see Concordance of definitions

definition, ContextualSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 30 KontekstdefinitionDefinition by context; Contextual definition Definition by way of an example from actual usage, i.e. by way of an omplied equation.The term to be defined is shown in a sentence the whole meaning of which is known or may be guessed.EXAMPLE

He went from Europe to America in 24 hours, using an....(aircraft).

definition, ExtensionalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 4.2.2 Extensional definitionsAn extensional definition consists of an enumeration of all species which are one the same level of abstraction. Sometimes all individual objects are enumerated. The extensional definition may not be valid for long since additional species, for instance new objects may come into existence which fall under the same genus or whole. Quite often an extensional definition is more easily understood than an intensional definition.

EXAMPLEThe planets of the solar system are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,

Uranus,Neptune, Pluto.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 6.3 Extensional definitionsIn highly specialized terminological documents directed at field specialists, the definition can be formulated as a list of the subordinate concepts, in only one dimension, which correspond to objects making up the extension of the concept. The list of subordinate concepts may consist of either individual or general concepts. It is important to remember that the extension is not the same as an extensional definition. The list stands for concepts that depict the objects making up the extension and not the objects themselves. The operator 'or' in the definition shall be used to indicate a generic relation between the subordinate concepts in the definition and the superordinate concept that is being defined; the operator 'and' shall be used to indicate a partitive relation.

Extensional definitions are to be used only when intensional definitions are difficult toelaborate. Extensional definitions shall be used only if the number of concepts to be enumerated is limited, the list of concepts is complete and the subordinate concepts can be clarified by intensional definitions or are well known.

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 29 Ekstensional definitionDefinition by extension (denotation); Extensional definition Determination of the extension of a concept.

EXAMPLEThe concept 'aircraft' comprises balloons and airships, kites and gliders, and

flying machines.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 4.1.2 Extensional definitionDefinition based on the exhaustive enumeration of the objects referred to by the concepts, or of the specific concepts at the next level of abstraction.

NOTE The first type of extensional definition can only be formulated by using names. The second type of

extensional definition is only useful when a concept comprises a restricted set of specific concepts.EXAMPLES

1 Scandinavian country: Denmark, Norway or Sweden. 2 designation (DIN 2330): Terms, ideogrammes, numbers and notations.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.3.3 Extensional definitionDefinition which enumerates all of the objects covered by the given concept.

EXAMPLES- biotic planet: Earth- inferior planet: Venus and Mercury- terrestrial planet: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.3.3 Extensional definitionDefinition based on the exhaustive enumeration of either the objects referred to by the concept defined or of all the specific concepts of the concept defined

EXAMPLES - scandinavian country: Denmark, Norway or Sweden. Parent: father or mother.

NOTE - The first type of extensional definition can only be formulated by using names, the second type is

used only when a concept defined has a small set of specific concepts.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.3.3 Extensional definitionDefinition which enumerates all the specific concepts of a fiven concept

EXAMPLENoble gas: Helium, neon, argon, crypton, xenon, or radon

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.13 Extensional definitionDefinition based on the extension of a concept.

EXAMPLE

granulocyte: neutrophil, eosinophil or basophil.

A.2.2 Extensional definitionsAn extensional definition describes the extension of a concept by enumerating either

a) all the objects referred to by the concept orb) all the subordinate concepts referred to by that concepts.

EXAMPLEgranulocyte: neutrophil, eosinophil or basophil.

definition, IntensionalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 4.2.1 Intensional definitionsIntensional definitions (in the classical sense) consist of a listing of the characteristics of the concept to be defined, i.e. the description of the intension of the concept. For this purpose the nesrest genus that has either been defined already or can be expected to be generally known, and the characteristic(s) restricting (determining) this genus are given. One or several of these cahracteristics differentiate also the concept to be defined from other concepts of the same horizontal series of concepts.

EXAMPLEincandescent lamp: electric lamp in which a high-melting material is heated by

an electric currentin such way that it begins to emit light.

An 'incandescent lamp' is defined with the aid of the closest genus 'electric lamp' and the

characteristics:

- high-melting material- light emitting owing to heating by electric current.

These characteristics distinguish such lamps from all other pypes of 'electric lamps' which together

with the above mentioned concepts, make up a horizontal series.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 6.2 Intensional definitionsIntensional definitions shall indicate the superordinate *concept, either immediately above or at a higher level, followed by the characteristic(s) or parts that distinguish the concept from other concepts. The superordinate concept situates the concept in its propercontext in the concept system (e.g., pencils among writing instruments, trees among plants). In practice, intensional definitions are preferable to other concept descriptions. Intensional definitions should be used whenever possible as they most clearly reveal the essential characteristics of a concept within a concept system.

The intensional definition should be based on the concept relations determined during analysis. A definition based on a generic relation shall state the generic concept under the same dimension, either immediately above or at some higher level, followed by the essential characteristics that differentiate the given concept from coordinate concepts in a generic concept system.

By stating the generic concept, the characteristics that make up the *intension of the superordinate concept are implicitly assumed in the definition.

A definition based on a partitive relation shall describe a concept as a part of a particular

whole or comprehensive concept. It is therefore necessary to analyze the comprehensive concept firste and to indicate its relation to the partitive concepts. Partitive definitions typically begin with formulations that clearly indicate the partitive relation such as: part of, component of, section of, period of, element in, ingredients making up...., etc. followed by the superordinate concept (i.e., the comprehensive concept) and the delimiting characteristics. To avoid circularity, defining concepts on the basis of a partitive analysis is to be restricted to one level, either the subordinte level or the superordinate level, not both.

A concept should be defined as a partitive concept, only if it constitutes an essential part of the comprehensive concept and the extension og the concept is complete.

Etc. - flere vigtige beskrivelser efterfølger

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 28 Intensional definitionDefinition by genus and difference; Definition by intension (connotation); Intensional definition; Definition (in its classical meaning) Determination of the intension of a concept.

EXAMPLEAn 'aircraft' is any air-supported vehicle.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 4.1.1 Intensional definitionDefinition based on the intension of a concept.

NOTE For this purpose it is necessary to state the closest generic concept that has already been defined

or can be assumed to be generally known, and to add the restricting characteristics that delimit the

concept to be defined.EXAMPLE

Incandescent lamp: Electric lamp in which a high-melting material is heated by an electric

current in such way that it begins to emit light.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.3.2 Intensional definitionDefinition which identifies the concept's nearest superordinate concept and the characteristics which differentiate the given concept from coordinate concepts.

EXAMPLE Incandescent lamp: Electric lamp in which a filament is heated by an electric

current in such waythat it begins to emit light.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.3.2 Intensional definitionDefinition based on the intension of a concept

EXAMPLE Incandescent lamp: Electric lamp in which a high-melting material is heated by

an electric currentin such way that it begins to emit light.

NOTE Intensional definition includes the nearest superordinate concept and essential characteristics that

delimit the concept to be defined.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.3.2 Intensional definitionDefinition which describes the intension of a concept by stating the superordinate concept and the delimiting characteristics which differentiate the given concept from related concepts

EXAMPLE Incandescent lamp: Electric lamp in which a filament is heated by an electric

currentin such a way that it begins to emit light.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.12 Intensional definitionDefinition based on the intension of a concept.

NOTE 1 This definition is taken from the current revision of ISO/CD 1087-1.NOTE 2 An intensional definition states the nearest superordinate concept and the essential characteristics

that delimit the concept to be defined.EXAMPLE

Granulocyte: Leucocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm.

A.2.1 Intensional definitionsAn intensional definition describes the intension of a concept (the 'definiendum'). Any concept consists of many characteristics but intensional definitions use only the closest superordinate concept and the additional characteristic(s) that differentiate(s) the definiendum from the superordinate concept. All the implicit and explicit characteristics of this superordinate concept are inherited by the definiendum.

EXAMPLEGranulocyte: Leucocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm.

definition, PartitiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.3.4 Partitive definitionDefinition based on the enumeration of the main parts making up a superordinate concept in a partitive relation.

definitions, Types of: see Definitions Degradation: see Stem searchDeinflected word form: see word form, Deinflected

DeinflectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.15/2.16 DeinflectionDelition of inflectional elements in word forms

Deletion STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

Delimiter


STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.10/2.10 Delimiter (separator)One or more characters used to indicate the beginning or the end of a character string(ISO 2382-4:1987)

NOTE Blanks or punctuation marks often function as delimiters

Delimiting characteristic: see characteristic, Delimitingdelivery, Service: see Service delivery

DependabilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.5 DependabilityCollective term used to describe the availability performance and its influencing factors: Reliability performance, maintainability performance and maintenance-support performance

NOTES 1 Dependability is used only for general descriptions in non-quantitative terms2 Dependability is one of the time-related aspects of quality3 The definition of dependability and note 1 given above are taken from IEC

50(191), which alsoincludes related terms and definitions (IEC 50(191):1990 International

Electrotechnical Vocabulary- Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service)

Deprecated term: see term, DeprecatedDerivative word: see word, DerivativeDerived quantity: see quantity, DerivedDerived unit (of measurement): see measurement, Derived unit of

DescriptionSTANDARD REFERENCER: G1

description, Action: see Action descriptiondescriptions, Domain-: see Domain-descriptionsDescription of concepts: see concepts, Description of

Descriptive provisionSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 Provision for fitness for purpose that concerns the characteristics of a product, process or service

NOTE A descriptive provision usually conveys design, constructional details, etc. with dimensions and

material composition

Design model level: see model level, Design

Design review

STANDARD REFERENCER: H1

DesignationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A6, A7, A8, A9, B2, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 From introductionDesignations (terms, names or symbols):Designate or refer to a conceptAre attributed to a concept

7.1 Types of designationsThe designation acts as a synthesis of the definition.

A designation is a representation of a concept by linguistic or non-linguistic means. For the purpose of this standard, designations are categorized as:

- terms designating general concepts- appellations (benævnelser) designating individual concepts: and,- symbols designating both individual and general concepts.

It should be noted that not all symbols are designations.

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 85 Term (som forbindelse af begreb og udtryk); Betegnelse; Benævnelse(verbal) Designation; Name (of a concept)A term corresponding to a given concept.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 5.3.1 DesignationAny representation of a concept.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.4.1 DesignationDesignatorRepresentation of a concept by linguistic and non-linguistic means.

NOTE In terminology work two types of designations are distinguished: symbols and terms.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.4.1 DesignationRepresentation of a concept by linguistic and non-linguistic means.

NOTE In terminology work three types of designations are distinguished: symbols, terms and names.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.1 Designation; DesignatorRepresentation of a concept by a sign which denotes it

NOTE In terminology work three types of designation are distinguished:Symbols, names, and terms

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-10 DesignationRepresentation of a concept by linguistic and non-linguistic means.

NOTE In terminology work three types of designations are distinguished: symbols,

terms and names. - ISO 1087-1

G1 prENV 12264:1995 Refererer til ISO 1087, ISO/DIS 10241 og ISO 704

designations, Type ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

Designator: see Designations; DesignatorDesigned element: see element, Designed

DestinationLYKEION REFERENCER. 4.64, 4.66

Development

DiagramLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.60, 6.62

diagram, BlockSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.27 Block diagramA diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks

NOTE Block diagrams are not restricted to physical devices

diagram, ConceptSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.12 Concept diagramGraphic representation of a concept system

diagram, FlowSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.06 Flow diagram; FlowchartA graphical representationn of a process or the step-by-step solution of a problem, using suitably annotated geometric figures connected by flowlines for the purpose of designing or documenting a process or program

Dialectic identity: see identity, Dialectic

DictionarySTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A9, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.1 DictionaryWordlist which exists mainly for reference purposes

dictionary system, Information resource: see system, Information resource dictionarydictionary, Technical: see dictionary, Terminological

dictionary, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.2 Terminological dictionary; Technical dictionaryDictionary of terminological entries presenting information related to concepts or designations from one or more specific subject fields

Differences between concepts: see concepts, Differences between

DigitSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.7/5.7 Digit (numeric character)Character that represents a non-negative integer. (ISO 2382-4:1987)

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1: 1993 01.02.12 Digit; Numeric characterA character that represents a nonnegative integer

EXAMPLEOne of the characters 0, 1, ....., F in the hexadecimal numeration system

digit, BinarySTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1: 1993 01.02.08 Binary digit; BitEither of the digits 0 or 1 when used in the binary numeration system

DigitalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.04 DigitalPertaining to data that consist of digits as well as to processes and functional units that use those data

Digital computer: see computer, DigitalDimension of a quantity: see quantity, Dimension of aDimensionless quantity: see quantity, Dimensionless

Direction

directory, Data elements: see Data elements directorydirectory, Message: see Message directorydirectory, Segments: see Segments directory

Disambiguation


STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.23/2.24 DisambiguationDifferentiation between homographs by assigning each of them to the relevant concept or, where appropriate, to the relevant syntactic function

DisciplineSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Discipline 1. training to act in accordance with rules; drill.Discipline 2. instruction and exercise designed to train to proper conduct or actionDiscipline 3. punishment inflicted by way of correction and training.Discipline 4. the training effect of experience, adversity, etc.Discipline 5. behavior in accord with training and controlDiscipline 6. a set or system of rules and regulations.Discipline 7. eccles.Discipline 8. an instrument of punishment....Discipline 9. a branch of instruction of learning: the disciplines of history and economics.Discipline 10. to train by instruction and exercise; drill.Discipline 11. to bring to a state of order and obedience by training and control.Discipline 12. to punish or penalize in order to train and control; correct; chastise.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(lat.....) gren af et fag, en videnskab; tvungen indordnen under faste regler; tugt, lydighed; frivillig given sig ind under regler hvis betydning man indser.

SYNONYMER FRA ODS1. Training-Drilling-Drill-Exercise-Diligent practice.2. Control-Regulation-Government-Good order-Subjection.3. Branch of knowledge-Elements of culture.4. Punishment-Chastisement-Correction.5. Rule of practice-Regulations.

Discrete ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.02 DiscretePertaining to data that consists of distinct elements, such as characters, or to physical quantities having a finite number or distinctly recognizable values, as well as to processes and functional units that use those data

DisjunctionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

DiskSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.52 DiskA data medium consisting of a flat circular plate that is rotated in order to read or writedata on the both sides

Display VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.6/8.6 DisplayGive a visual representation of data on a screen

display terminal, Video: see terminal, Visual displaydisplay terminal, Visual: see terminal, Visual displaydisplay unit, Visual: see terminal, Visual display

Distance

distribution, Probability: see Probability distribution

DocumentSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-02 DocumentRecorded information or material object which can be treated as a unit in a documentation process

document, Normative: see Normative document

Document retrievalSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-05 Document retrievalProcess of regaining specific information (1) or information (2) from a store

DocumentationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-01 Documentation (1)Continuous and systematic compilation and processing of recorded information for the purpose of its storgae, classing, retrieval, utilization, or transmission

NOTE For 'documentation (2)' see ISO 5127-?

documentation, System: see System documentation

Domain STANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9, B4, C1, E3, E4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.1.2 Subject field; DomainBranch of human knowledge

NOTE The borderlines of a subject field are defined from a purpose-related point of

vew. The subject fieldmay require special skills.

Double-entry check: see entry check, Double-

Download VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 11.14 DownloadRead programs or data from a computer to a connected computer or to a data medium

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 10.14 DownloadImport programs or data from a connected computer to another computer or to a data medium

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.36 download (to)To transfer programs or data from a computer to a connected computer with fewer resources, typically from a mainframe to a personal computer

DrawingSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Dumb terminal: see Nonprogrammable terminal

Duration

Dynamic ADJ

Dynamic measurement: see measurement, Dynamic

E E-mail: see Electronic mail

E-R-Model: see Model, E-R-

Editing: see Text editingediting, Text: see Text editing

Effect STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

Electronic mailSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.17 Electronic mailCorrespondance in the form of messages transmitted between user terminals over a computer network

Electronic publishingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.15 Electronic publishing; Computer-aided publishing; Computer-assisted publishingThe production of typeset-quality documents including text, graphics, and pictures with the assistance of a computer

NOTE In some instances, electronic publishing is accomplished through the use of application programs

and in other instances it is achieved through the use of a dedicated system

ElementSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2, D5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.1-04 ElementObject constituting parts of a set

Element (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.2.4/2.15 Element(A) construction entity part which, in itself or in combination with other such parts, fulfils a predominating function of the construction entity

element, Component data: see data element, Componentelement, Composite data: see data element, Compositeelement, Data: see Data element

element, Designed (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2.1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999

2.2.6/2.14 Designed element(An) element for which the work results have been defined

elements directory, Data: see Data elements directoryelement name, Data: see Data element nameelement separator, Component data: see data element separator, Componentelement separator, Data: see Data element separator

Element setSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Element structureSTANDARD REFERENCER. D5

element tag, Data: see Data element tagelement, Term: see Term element

Element typeSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

element type, AssociatedSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

element value, Data: see Data element valueElementary action: see action, ElementaryElementary command: see command, Elementary

EmulationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.02 EmulationThe use of a data processing system to imitate another data processing system, so that the imitating system accepts the same data, executes the same programs, and achieves the same results as the imitated system

NOTE Emulation is usually achieved by means of hardware or firmware

Energy

energy, InherentSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

energy, IntrinsicSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

engineering, Software: see Software engineering

Enterprise STANDARD REFERENCER:

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Enterprise 1. a project undertaken or to be undertaken, esp. one that is of some importance or that requires boldness or energy: To keep the peace is a difficult enterprise.

SYNONYMER: Plan-Undertaking-Venture. Enterprise 2. a plan for such a project.Enterprise 3. participation or engagement in such projects: Our country was formed

by the enterprise of resolute men.Enterprise 4. boldness or readiness in undertaking; adventurous spirit; energy.Enterprise 5. a company organized for commercial purposes; business firm

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Undertaking-Project-Adventure-Venture-Scheme-Attempt-Effort-Essay-Endeavor-Cause.2. Energy-Activity-Adventurousness-'Push'-'Go-ahead'-Initiative-Willingness to make ventures.

Enterprice activity: see activity, Enterpriseenterprise integration, Entity types in: see Entity types in enterprise integrationEnterprise model: see model, EnterpriseEnterprise modelling: see modelling, EnterpriseEnterprise modelling languages: see modelling languages, EnterpriseEnterprise object: see object, EnterpriseEnterprise operation systems: see systems, Enterprise operation

Enterprise viewSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Entity STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, D4, D5, E2, E4, F1, H1, J1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 EntityAny concrete or abstract thing of interest, including associations among things.

E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.5 EntityA class of objects which have common properties.

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 Entity Any concrete or abstract thing in the universe of discourse.

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.1 Entity; ItemThat which can be individually described and considered

NOTE An entity may be, for example:- an activity or a process,- a product,- an organization, a system or a person, or- any combination thereof.

1.1 Entitet; Element; EnhedNoget, der kan beskrives og betragtes individuelt

J1 ISO 3534-1:1993/ J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 2.1/1.3.2 Item; EntityThat which can be individually described and considered

NOTES 1 An entity may be, for example:- a physical item,- a defined quantity of material,- a service, an activity or a process,

- an organization or a person, or- some combination thereof2 In English, the term 'unit' or 'individual' should not be used instead of 'entity'

or 'item'

3 In French, the term 'individu' may be used instead of 'entité' in statistics

4 The term 'unit' is often used as a synonym for 'item', but in this International Standard the term

'item' is used to avoid confusion with the term 'sampling unit'

5 In sampling bulk material, an item is usually a defined quantity of material (e.g. a scoopfull of

powder, a specified weight, or a specified volume). Then the lot size is the number of these units in

the lot

Entity conceptSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

entity, ConstructionSTANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2.1999 2.2.1/2.4 Construction entity(An) independent material construction result of significant scale serving at least one user activity or function.

e.g. building, bridge, road, dam, tower, pipeline, museum (if a single structure), sewage settlement tank, cycleway.

NOTE A construction entity is the basic unit of the built environment - it is recognisable as a physically

independent construction even though a number of construction entities might be built as parts of a

particular construction complex (see below). In English there is no word which sums up this

concept, but it is essentially the same as 'buildings and civil engineering structures'. These are

sometimes referred to as 'construction works' but this is a rather too broad and vague term,

commonly used to describe the work in progress as well as the completed construction entity.

entity data type, Complex: see data type, Complex entityentity data type, Partial complex: see data type, Partial complex entity

Entity instanceSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.6 Entity instanceA representation of an object. This representation has values associated with the common attributes of particular entity data type(s). Entity instances are divided into two classes, simple entity instances and complex entity instances.

entity instance, ComplexSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.2 Complex entity instanceAn instance of a complex entity data type

entity lifecycle stage, Construction: see stage, Construction entity lifecycleentity part, Construction: see part, Construction entity

entity instance, Partial complexSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.10 Partial complex entity instanceAn instance of a partial complex entity data type. This has no meaning on its own and must be combined with other partial complex entity instances to form a complex entity instance

entity instance, SimpleSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.13 Simple entity instanceAn instance of a single entity data type

Entity types in enterprise integrationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

Entity worldSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 A possible collection of entities that are perceived together

EntrySTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

entry check, Double-STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 10.2 Double-entry checkCheck to determine whether interdependent entries comply with predefined conditions

EXAMPLEVerification of cross references

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.2 Double-entry checkData validation to determine whether the same data entry has been stored more than once

NOTE Sometimes it is desirable to allow double entries, e.g. if a term is used in

different subject fields

Entry term: see term, Entryentry, Terminological: see Terminological entryEntry word: see word, Entry

Environment (Milieu) STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, D4, I1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 That part of the real world containing the users which exchange messages with the information system

I1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 3.2 EnvironmentSurroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation

NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system

environment, Execution: see Execution environment

environment, Protecton of theSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Environmental aspectSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

Environmental impactSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1, I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 3.3 Environmental impactAny change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services

I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 Environmental impactConsequences for human health, for the well-being of flora and fauna or for the future availability of natural resources, attributable to the input and output streams of a system

Environmental management auditSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

Environmental management system: see system, Environmental management

Environmental objectiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

Environmental performanceSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 3.8 Environmental performanceMeasurable results of the environmental management system, related to an

organization's control of its environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy, objectives and targets

Environmental policySTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

Environmental targetSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

equipment, Peripherial: see Peripherial equipment

Equivalence STANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.21 EquivalenceRelation between designations in different languages representing the same concept

Equivalential characteristic: se characteristic, EquivalentialEquivalential relation: see relation, EquivalentialEssential characteristic: see characteristic, Essential

Euclidean ADJ (Euclid)STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

EvaluationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.3-01 EvaluationAssessment of the effectiveness or the result of a candidate, an employee, a program, an institution, an operation, or of the resources which contribute to the realization of the targets of an organization

Event STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, E4, D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 The fact that something has happened in either the universe of discourse, or the environment, or in the information system

event, ExternalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

event, InternalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

evidence, ObjectiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.19 Objective evidenceInformation which can be proved true, based on facts obtained through observation, measurement, test or other means

excerption, Term: see Term excerptionexchange, Data: see Data exchange

Exchange structureSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

Exclusion list (Stop word list)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.1/4.1 Exclusion listList of freely/user selected character strings to be ignored in further data processing operations

NOTE 1 For terminological purposes, it may be useful to produce lists where function words (pronouns,

articles, etc.) are ignoredNOTE 2 Sometimes the character strings in the exclusion list are retained, e.g. in a concordance, but with

no frequency given

Exclusive P

Execution environment (models?)STANDARD REFERENCER: E4

ExemplificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Exercise

Existence

Expansion

Expert system: see system, expert

Explanation

Extension STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A5, A6, A7, A8, A8, A9, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.3 Intension and extensionThe totality of characteristics of a concept is called its intension.The totality of all species, which belong to the same level of abstraction, or the totality of objects that have all the characteristics of the concept is called the extension of the concept.

EXAMPLESThe intension of the concept 'parallelogram' is comprised of the following

characteristics: 'quadrangle', 'the opposite sides of which are parallel'.All of the possible kinds of parallelograms (rhombi, squares, etc.) from the

extension of theconcept 'paralellogram'.

The broader the intension of a concept, the narrower is its extension, i.e. the more characteristics comprise a concept, the fewer are the different objects that all have these properties as characteristics. Conversely, the narrower the intension, the broader the extension ('law of reverse correlation').

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.3.2 Intension and extensionThe set of characteristics that come together as a unit to form the concept is called the intension. The objects viewed as a set and conceptualized into a concept are known as the extension. The two, intension and extension, are interdependent.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.8 ExtensionTotality of objects to which a concept corresponds

extension, Code: see Code extensionExtensional class: see class, ExtensionalExtensional definition: see definition, Extensional

External ADJ ADVSTANDARD REFERENCER:

External event: see event, ExternalExternal level: see level, ExternalExternal schema: see schema, ExternalExternal surface: see surface, External

Extract V STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 8.9 ExtractSelect and remove form a group of items those which meet predefined properties

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.9 Extract (Information retrieval)Select from a set of data those items which meet predefined properties

Extrinsic ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

Extrinsic characteristic: see characteristic, ExtrinsicExtrinsic property: see property, ExtrinsicExtrinsic properties: see also Attribute - repræsentation af attributesExtrinsic relation: see relation, Extrinsic

F F-Model: see Model, F-

Fact

Feeling

Field STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, B4

field, Concept: see Concept fieldfield, Data: see Data fieldField of standardization: see standardization, Field offield, Subject: see Subject field

FigureSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

FileSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.10/6.10 FileNamed set of records stored or processed as a unit(ISO 2382-4:1987)

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.08.06 FileA named set of records stored or processed as a unit

File maintenanceSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.5/10.5 File maintenance

Activity of updating and reorganizing a file


File transferSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.12/10.12 File transferMovement of one or more files from one data processing system to another by electronic means

Finance (Money)

Finite

FirmwareSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.09 FirmwareAn ordered set of instructions and associated data stored in a way that is functionally independent of main storage, usually in a ROM

Flow diagram: see diagram, FlowFlowchart: see Flow diagram

Form STANDARD REFERENCER: A8, B4

form, Base: see Base formform, Compressed (character string): see Compressed formform index, Word: see index, Word formform, Reference: see Reference formform, Word: see Word formFormal model: see model, Formal

Formalism STANDARD REFERENCER: C1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.25 FormalismA language or other notation, such as a natural language, formal language, mark-up language, graphical language or diagramming notation

Ordforklaring fra GF:Formalisme (fr., se formal) overbetoning af den ydre form med tilsidesættelse af det reale indhold; anvendelse af tegnsystem i logik og matematik uden hensyn til en konkret betydning.

Format (dataprocessing)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 7.2 Format

Predetermined arrangement of data on a data medium

NOTE Formats can be subdivided into input formats, storage formats and output formats.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.2 FormatPredetermined arrangement of data

NOTE Formats can be subdivided into input formats, storage formats and output formats, including

display formats

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.4-09 Format (in data processing)Predetermined arrangement of data on a data medium

NOTE Formats can be subdivided into input formats, storage formats, and output formats. ISO 1087-2

Format checkSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 10.6 Format checkCheck to determine whether data conform to a spcified format

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.6 Format checkData validation to determine whether data conform to a specified format


format, Knowledge Interchange: see Knowledge Interchange Format

Format (Library application)STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

format, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.8.3 Terminological formatFormat of a terminological entry

Frame STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, G1

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Skeleton-Framing-Framework-Carcass.2. Form-Structure-Fabric-System-Scheme-Constitution.3. Condition-State-Temper-Humor-Mood-State of mind or feeling.

Frame of reference: see reference, Frame ofFree-text search: see text search, Free-

Frequency

STANDARD REFERENCER: J1

J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 2.1 FrequencyThe number of occurrences of a given type of event or the number of observations falling into a specified class

Frequency orderSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDSI 1087-2:1999 4.5/3.5 Frequency orderOrder of linguistic items/types either ascending or descending according to their frequency of occurrence in a specified text or a text corpus

NOTE The usual types of lists are word form frequency lists and lemmatized frequency lists

friendly, User-: see User-friendlyFull text database: see database, Full text

Function STANDARD REFERENCER: C1

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Function 1) the kind of action or activity proper to a person, thing, or institution.Function 2) any ceremonious public or social gathering or occasion.Function 3) a factor related to or dependent upon other factors.Function 4) Math. a. Also called correspondence, map, mapping, transformation, a relation between two sets in which one element of the second set is assigned to each element of the first set, as the expression y = x5; operator. b. a relation between two sets in which one or more elements of the second set are assigned to each element of the first set, as x5 + y5 = 1 ................Function 5) Geom.Function 6) Gram.Function 7) to perform a specified action or activity; act; carry out normal activity or processes; work; operate.Function 8) to have or exercise a function; serve.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(lat. functio, til fungi fuldende, udrette, præstere) virksomhed, det at udføre et vist arbejde, en vis bestilling; reglerne for en sproglig enheds brug og forbindelse; afhængighed; 8i glossematikken) en afhængighed der.........; mat. foranderlig størrelse hvis værdi er afhængig af en anden størrelses værdi (se variabel).

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Performance-Execution-Discharge-Exercise.2. Office-Duty-Capacity-Activity-Business-Employment-Occupation-Part-Province.3. Ceremony-Elaborate social occation.4. (math.) Dependent-Derivative-Value derived.

Function viewSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Functional groupSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Functional group headerSTANDARD REFERENCER. M1

Functional group trailerSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Functional unitSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 En entity of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose

functionality, Unit of: see Unit of functionality

FunctorSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

G General

General concept: see concept, GeneralGeneral-OLCM-D-Doc: see document, General-OLCM-D-General term: see term, General

GeneralisationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

generation, Computer: see Computer generationGeneric concept: see concept, GenericGeneric concept system: see system, Generic concept

Generic levelSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Generic relation: see relation, GenericGeneric relationships: see relationships, GenericGeneric resource: see resource, Generic

Genesis

Genus, Generic ADJ STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, B4, G1

Genus-species relation: see relation, Genus-speciesGenus-species system: see system, Genus-speciesGeometric dimension: see dimension, GeometricGeometrically ortogonal: see ortogonal, Geometrically

Glossary

STANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9, B4, E5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 Terminological dictionary which contains a list of designations from a subject field, together with equivalents in one or more languages

NOTE In English common language usage glossary can refer to a unilingual list of designations and

definitions in a particular subject field

GoalSTANDARD REFERENCER: 5.52

GradeSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.2 GradeCategory or rank given to entities having the same functional use but different requirements for quality

NOTES 1 Grade reflects a planned or recognized difference in requirements for quality. The emphasis is on

the functional use and cost relationship.

2 A high-grade entity (e.g. a luxurious hotel) can be of unsatisfactory quality and vice versa.

3 Where grade is denoted numerically, the highest grade is usually designated as 1, with the lower

grades extending to 2, 3, 4, etc. Where grade is denoted by a point score, such as a number of

stars, the lowest grade usually has the least points or stars.

Klasse (Grade oversat til dansk i ISO 8402:1995)Kategori eller rangorden for entiteter med samme funktionelle anvendelse, men forskellige krav vedr. kvalitet

J2 ISO 3534-2.1993 1.1.3 Grade oAn indicator of category or rank related to features or characteristics that cover different sets of needs for products or services intended for the same functional use

(o This term has been defined in ISO 8402, Quality - Vocabulary, in which explanatory notes may be found etc.)

Grammatical labelSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.8.6 Grammatical labelInformation in a terminological entry which indicates the grammatical features of a term

Graph

graph, Subtype/supertype

STANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.14 Subtype/supertype graphA declared collection of entity data types. The entity data types declared within a subtype/supertype graph are related via the subtype statement. A subtype/supertype graph defines one or more complex entity data types

Graphic(s) STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Graphic representation: see representation, GraphicGraphic(al) character: see character, GraphicalGraphic(al) representation of a classification: see representation of a classification, GraphicalGraphic(al) symbol: see symbol, Graphicalgraphics, Computer: see Computer graphicsgroup, Functional: see Functional groupgroup header, Functional: see Functional group headergroup trailer, Functional: see Functional group trailer

HHandling: see Deed and ActionHard copy: see copy, Hard

HardwareSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.07 HardwareAll or part of the physical components of an information processing system

EXAMPLEComputers, peripheral devices

harmonization, Concept: see Concept harmonizationHarmonization of terms: see terms, Harmonization ofharmonization, Term: see Term harmonization

Hierarchy STANDARD REFERENCER: B4, G1

Hierarchical relation: see relation, HierarchicalHierarchical relationships: see relationships, Hierarchicalhierarchical, Non- relationships: see Non-hierarchical relationshipsHigh-level ontology: see ontology, High-level

Highlight(ing) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 12.4/11.4 Highlight(ing)Emphasiz(ing) displayed text elements by modifying its/their visual attributes thus makin it/them stand out

HomographSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.22/2.23 HomographEach of two or more word forms or words with identical spelling but representing different concepts (semantic homography) or syntactic functions (syntactic homography)

EXAMPLElead (Pb) versus lead (guidance); bark (sound) versus bark (of a tree)

NOTE Word forms having different spelling but becoming homographic after compression are not called

'homographs'

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-20 HomographyQuality of two or more terms having the same graphic form but independent meanings

NOTE A different wording of the definition is gievn in ISO 1087-2HomonymsSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Identical terms that refer to different entities

HomonymySTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.4.1 HomonymyHomonymous terms have the same linguistic form (in sound and/or spelling) but are assigned to different concepts. They can be homophones or homographs or full homonyms.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 7.2.3 HomonomyHomonomy involves the relation between designations and concepts in which designations in a given language have identical forms, either phonetic or written, but designate different and unrelated concepts.

Terms that are phonetically identical but written differently are called homophones while homographs have identical written forms but are pronounced differently. Full homonyms are both written and pronounced the same way.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.25 HomonomyRelation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

EXAMPLEBark: (1) sound made by a dog, (2) outside covering of the stems of woody

plants, (3) sailingvessel

NOTE The designations in the relation of homonomy are called 'homonyms'. ISO 1087-1

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-19 HomonomyRelation between designations represents two or more different concepts

NOTE The designations in the relation of homonomy are called 'homonyms'. ISO 1087-1

EXAMPLEBark: (1) sound made by a dog, (2) outside covering of the stems of woody

plants, (3) sailingvessel

HomophonySTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-21 HomophonyQuality of two or more terms having the same phonic form but independent meanings

HostSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 Computer holding databases accessible to other computers through a communication netword

Hyper-structure: see structure, Hyper-

I IC: see circuit, Integrated; Microchip; Chip

Idea STANDARD REFERENCER:

identification, Term: see Term identification

Identifier STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, G1, M1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 7.14 IdentifierOne or more characters used to identify or name a data category and possibly to indicate certain properties of that data category


A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 6.15 Identifier

One or more characters used to identify a name or a data category

NOTE 1 An identifier may also indicate certain properties of that data categoryNOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 2382-4:1987

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.19 Systematic name; IdentifierTerminological phrase created according to preestablished rules and used as name for a target concept.

NOTE In common practice, a working name can be used in place of the systematic name. The working

name may be either a term or a simpler terminological phrase.

identifier, CountrySTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1993 3.8.9 Country identifyerInformation in a terminological entry which indicates the name of a geographical region where the designation is used

identifier, LanguageSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1993 3.8.8 Language identifierInformation in a terminological entry which indicates the name of a language

identifier, SourceSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1993 3.8.10 Source identifierInformation in a terminological entry which indicates the source from whichterminological data has been takenIdentity STANDARD REFERENCER: A8, G1

Individual concept: see concept, Individual

IllustrationsSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 4.5 IllustrationsIllustrations are often used to clarify a definition or to make it more precise. Illustrations may be in the form of photographs, drawings (graphs, diagrams, etc.).

Illustrations complement the definition. Often only showing examples of the class of objects to which the object being defined belongs, They may, of course, be ambiguous.

Image processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.20 Image processingThe use of a data processing system to create, scan, analyze, enhance, interpret, or display images

impact, Environmental: see Environmental impact

implementation conformance statement, Protocol: see Protocol implementation conformance statement

Implementation methodSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

Implementation model levelSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Inclusion listSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11


5.2/4.2 Inclusion listList of freely/user- selected words or terms/character strings to be retained or considered for furher data processing operations, while the rest is being ignored

EXAMPLESAll sentences containing 'bank' or 'credit institution' are to be extracted;all entries starting with 'M' are to be retrieved in an index of names;all words starting with 'anti-' are to be selected

NOTE 1 When appropriate, the inclusion list can also contain word parts or other character stringsNOTE 2 This entry is pending to coordination with ISO 1087-1

Index (natural-language processing)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 5.5 IndexOrdered list of character strings together with keys or references to their location or locations

NOTE In librarianship documentation, an index is considered to be a secondary document,

see ISO 5127-2:1983

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.5 Index Ordered list of character strings together with keys or references to their location or locations in a text or a text corpus

index, AlphabeticalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11


5.7 Alphabetical indexTerm index in which all the character strings are ordered alphabetically

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.7 Alphabetical indexIndex produced by alphabetical ordering

index, InvertedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.11/4.11 Inverted indexIndex of all types derived from a text together with all the references to their corresponding tokens

index, Lemmatized wordSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.13/4.13 Lemmatized word indexWord form index in which the word forms are represented by their respective base forms

index, PermutedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 5.9 Permuted indexTerm index in which the multi-word terms are also listed as permutations

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.9 Permuted indexAlphabetical index produced according to the principle of permutation

index, ReverseSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ 5.10 Reverse indexTerm index in which all the terms are listed in reverse alphabetical order

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.10 Reverse indexTerm index produced by reverse alphabetical ordering

index, SystematicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.8/4.8 Systematic indexTerm index in which all the terms are ordered to reflect the systematic relations between the concepts of a specific subject field

index, TermSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.6/4.6 Term indexList of terms/Index that refers to terminological entries in a vocabulary or in a terminological database

NOTE The terms in a term index can be ordered alphabetically or systematically

index, Word: see index, Word form

index, Word formSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 5.12 Word form index (word index)Index of all the word forms in a text, in which word forms occuring more than once are represented by a single type so that each type in the index indicates the number of occurrences (i.e. corresponding tokens) and their source references

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.12 Word form index (word index)Index of all the word forms in a text, or a corpus together with all the references to heir location or locatios in the text or the corpus

indicator, Performance: Performance indicatorIndividual concept: see concept, IndividualIndividual object: see object, Individual

Influence

Information STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B1, B2, B4, C1, D1, D4, E1, E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 3.1 Information (information processing)Knowledge concerning such things as facts, concepts, objects, events, ideas, and processes, that within a certain context has a particular meaning (ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993)

NOTE Information is defined differently in other application areas.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 2.1 Information (Information processing)Knowledge concerning such things as facts, concepts, objects, events, ideas

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993NOTE 2 Information is defined differently in other application areas

B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.3-05 Information (1)Facts which are communicated

1.1.3-06 Information (2)

Message used to represent af fact or a concept within a communication process in order to increase knowledge.

NOTE For 'information' in data processing see DPV (ISO 2382-1)

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-08 Information (1)Knowledge that is communicated

NOTE Knowledge concerns facts, concepts, objects, events, ideas, processes etc. It has within a certain

context, a particular meaning. - Adapted from A ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995.

1.1.3-09 Information (2)Message used to represent information (1) within a communication process in order to increase knowledge

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 InformationNedfældet eller formidlet viden.

C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.27 Information1) Knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning (ISO 2382-1)

2) Knowledge available from a person's memory and/or perception of the world and/or extraction from records and/or reception of a message, such that a rational decision can be made in connection with some (contemplated) action.

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.01 Information (in information processing)Knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning.

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 InformationAny kind af knowledge about things, facts, concepts, etc. of a universe of discourse that is exchangable among users. Although exchangable information necessarily will have a representation form to make it communicable, it is the interpretation of this representation (the meaning) that is relevant in the first place.

E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.20 InformationFacts, concepts, or instructionsE4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 4.2.2 InformationEnterprise objects, their relationships and states are to be defined in the Information View. The explicit representation of information is a pre-requisite for a robust and manageable IT infrastructure and for integration between enterprises, between an enterprise and its subcontractors, and for electronic trading. This representation is also necessary for the 'capture of organisational memory' and for its re-use in other systems.

Information - as factsSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1

Information - as knowledgeSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

Information - as messageSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

information, Application-specific STANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Information baseSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Information baseA collection of sentences, consistent with each other and with the conceptual schema, expressing the propositions other than the necessary propositions that hold for a specific entity world.

information, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.4.4 Construction informationGeneral reference information and information produced specifically for a project, used to support one or more construction process

F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.8 (2.13) Construction informationInformation used to support one or more construction process

Information managementSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2, B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 Planning, control and exploitation of information (1) sources in the framework of an institution

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.08.01 Information managementIn an information processing system, the functions of controlling the acquisition, analysis, retenton, retrieval, and distribution of information

Information model: see model, Informationinformation model, Product: see model, Product information

Information processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.4/2.4 Information processingSystematic performance of operations upon information that includes data processing

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993NOTE 2 The term should not be used as a synonym for data processing

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.05 Information processing

The systematic performance of operations upon information, that includes data processing and may include operations such as data communication and office automation

NOTE The term information processing must not be used as a synonym for data processing

Information processing system: see system, Information processingInformation processor: see processor, Informationinformation, Product: see Product information

information, RecordedSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-10 Recorded informationInformation (1) stored in, on, or by a data medium

Information resource dictionary system: see system, Information resource dictionary

Information retrievalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B1, B2, B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.1/7.1 Information retrievalActions, methods and procedures for obtaining information from stored data

NOTE 1 Information retrieval may be performed in interactive processing or batch processing.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-04 Information retrievalProcess of regaining specific information (1) or information (2) from a store

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.03 Information retrievalActions, methods, and procedures for obtaining information on a given subject from stored data

Information scienceSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-07 Information scienceStudy of the functions, the structure, and the transmission of information (1) or information (2), and also the management of information systems

Information system: see system, Information

Information technology componentsSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Information view


Inherent energy: see energy, Inherent

InitialismsSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.6.2 InitialismsInitialisms are created by using the first letter (or sound) of each term element to form a designation. In some cases they can be pronounced like a word, in other cases they are pronounced letter by letter.

EXAMPLELaser = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.11 InitialismAbbreviation made up of the initial letters of the full form of the designation and pronounced letter by letter

EXAMPLESUN, ASTM, IEC, US, EU, DNA

Input (adjective) ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.32 Input (adjective)Pertaining to a device, process, or input-output channel involved in an input process, or to the associated data or states

NOTE The word 'input' may be used in place of 'input data', 'input signal', or 'input process' when such

a usage is clear in a given context

Input (data)STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.30 Input (data)Data entered into an information processing system or any of its parts for storage or processing

Input (process) V?STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.31 Input (process)The process of entering data into an information processing system or any of its parts for storage or processing

Insertion STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

Inside

InspectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSERH1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.15 InspectionActivity such as measuring, examining, testing or gauging one or more characteristics of an entity and comparing the results with specified requirements in order to establish whether conformity is achieved for each characteristic

NOTES 1 In French, the term 'inspection' may designate an activity of quality surveillance carried out

within the framework of a defined assignment2 The above definition is valid for the purposes of quality standards. The term

'inspection' isdefined differently in ISI/IEC Guide 2 (K1)

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.2.1 Inspection oActivities such as measuring, examining, testing and gauging one or more characteristics of a product or service, and comparing with specified requirements to determine conformity

oThis term has been defined in ISO 8402, Quality - Vocabulary, in which explanatory notes may be found. Since ISO 8402 is the prime source for the definition of this term, any update to ISO 8402......etc.

inspection, Self-STANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Instance STANDARD REFERENCER: D4, E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3..2.7 InstanceA representation of an object

instance, Complex entity: see entity instance, Complexinstance, Entity: see Entity instanceinstance, Partial complex entity: see entity instance, Partial complexinstance, Simple entity: see entity instance, Simple

Instant

InstructionSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 7.3 InstructionProvision that conveys an action to be performed

Integer STANDARD REFERENCER:

Integrate


Integrated circuit: see circuit, IntegratedIntegrated resource: see resource, Integrated

IntegrationORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Integration 1. the act or an instance of combining into an integral whole.Integration 2. behavior, as of an individual, that is in harmony with the environment.Integration 3. Psychol.Integration 4. Math.Integration 5. U.S.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:Integration (lat. integratioo, af integrare gøre hel, forny, af integer urørt, uskadt) sammensmeltning, sammenslutning af flere dele, forbindelse af en mangfoldighed til en helhed, inddragelse i en større helhed; mat. beregning af et integral; (se horisontal, vertikal i.).

intelligence, Artificial: see Artificial intelligenceIntelligent terminal: see terminal, Programmable

IntensionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A8, A9, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.3 Intension and extensionThe totality of characteristics of a concept is called its intension.The totality of all species, which belong to the same level of abstraction, or the totality of objects that have all the characteristics of the concept is called the extension of the concept.

EXAMPLESThe intension of the concept 'parallelogram' is comprised of the following

characteristics:'quadrangle', 'the opposite sides of which are parallel'.All of the possible kinds of parallelograms (rhombi, squares, etc.) from the

extension of theconcept 'paralellogram'.

The broader the intension of a concept, the narrower is its extension, i.e. the more characteristics comprise a concept, the fewer are the different objects that all have these properties as characteristics. Conversely, the narrower the intension, the broader the extension ('law of reverse correlation').

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.3.2 Intension and extensionThe set of characteristics that come together as a unit to form the concept is called the intension. The objects viewed as a set and conceptualized into a concept are known as the extension. The two, intension and extension, are interdependent.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.9 IntensionSet of characteristics which makes up the concept

Intensional class: see class, IntensionalIntensional definition: see definition, Intensional

InteractionSTANDARD REFERENCER: J3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J3 ISO 3534-3:1999 1.17 InteractionEffect for which the apparent influence of one factor on the response variable depends upon one or more other factors

NOTE 1NOTE 2NOTE 3

Interactive processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 11.2 Interactive processingMode of operation of a computer system in which a sequence of alternating entires and responses between a user and the computer system takes place in a manner similar to a dialog between two persons

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 10.2 Interactive processingMode of processing data in a computer system in which a sequence of alternating entries and responses between a user and the computer system takes place

InterchangeSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Interchange control headerSTANDARD REFERENCER. M1

Interchange control trailerSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

InterchangeabilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.7 InterchangeabilityAbility of an entity to be used in place of another, without modification, to fulfil the same requirements

NOTES 1 A qualifier such as 'functional interchangeability' or 'dimensional interchangeability' should be

used depending on specific circumstances2 The above definition is valid for the purpose of quality standards. The term

'interchangeability'is defined differently in ISO/IEC Guide 2 (K1)

InterfaceSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.38 Interface

A shared boundary between two functional units, defined by various characteristics pertaining to the functions, physical interconnections, signal exchanges, and other characteristics, as appropriate

Interface standard: see standard, InterfaceInterflowSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Internal ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

Internal event: see event, InternalInternal level: see level, InternalInternal schema: see schema, InternalInternal surfaces: see surfaces, InternalInternational abbreviations: see abbreviations, InternationalInternational standard: see standard, InternationalInternational standardization: see standardization, International

International System of Units, SISTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.10 International System of Units SIThe coherent system of units adopted and recommended by the General Conference on Weights and Measure (CGPM)

NOTE The SI is based at present on the following seven base units:- the metre, unit of length- the kilogram, unit of mass- the second, unit of time- the ampere, unit of electric current- the kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature- the mole, unit of amount of substance- the candela, unit of luminous intensity

InteroperabilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.47 InteroperabilityThe capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a mannner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unigue characteristics of those units

InterpretationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

Interested party: see party, InterestedIntersection class: see class, Intersection

Interval

intervals, Standard type of

Intrinsic ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

Intrinsic characteristic: see characteristic, IntrinsicIntrinsic energy: see energy, IntrinsicIntrinsic property: see property, IntrinsicIntrinsic properties: see also Attributes - representation of attributesIntrinsic relation: see relation, IntrinsicInverted index: see index, Inverted

IR: see Information retrieval

ItemSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, H1, J1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.1 Entity; ItemThat which can be individually described and considered

NOTE An entity may be, for example:- an activity or a process,- a product,- an organization, a system or a person, or- any combination thereof.

J1 ISO 3534-1:1993/ J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 2.1/1.3.2 Item; EntityThat which can be individually described and considered

NOTES 1 An entity may be, for example:- a physical item,- a defined quantity of material,- a service, an activity or a process,- an organization or a person, or- some combination thereof

2 In English, the term 'unit' or 'individual' should not be used instead of 'entity' or 'item'

3 In French, the term 'individu' may be used instead of 'entité' in statistics

4 The term 'unit' is often used as a synonym for 'item', but in this International Standard the term

'item' is used to avoid confusion with the term 'sampling unit'

5 In sampling bulk material, an item is usually a defined quantity of material (e.g. a scoopfull of

powder, a specified weight, or a specified volume). Then the lot size is the number of these units in

the lot

JJunctionSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

K key, Search: see Search keykey, Sort: see Sort key

Kind

KnowledgeSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-12 KnowledgeConnaizance which is based on reasoning and passes verification

Knowledge baseSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.18 Knowledge baseA database that contains inference rules and information about human experience and expertise in a domain

NOTE In self-improving systems, the knowledge base additionally contains information resulting from the

solution of previously encountered problems

Knowledge representationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

L LabelSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.15/6.16 LabelIdentifier or key within or attached to a set of data elements used to identify the data


label, Grammatical: see Grammatical labellabel, Subject: see Subject label

Labour

LAN: see network, Local area

Language STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-01 LanguageSystem of signs for communication, usually consisting of a vocabulary and rules

language, ArtificialSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-03 Artificial languageLanguage established for specification

NOTE Adapted from ISO 2382-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.09 Artificial languageA language whose rules are explicity established prior to its use

language, Common

language, Conceptual schemaSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Conceptual schema languageA formal language, parsable by a computer as well as a human being, containing all

lingustic constructs necessary to formulate the sentences in a conceptual schema and an information base and their manipulation in terms of action-descriptions, comman-conditions, etc.

language, Data specificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.16 Data specification languageA set of rules for defining data and their relationships suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by computers

language engineering, Type ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: A11

Language for special purposesSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.1.3 Special language; Language for special purposesLanguage used in a subject field and characterized by the use of specific linguistic means of expression

NOTE The specific linguistic means of expression always include subject-specific terminology and

phraseology and also may cover stylistic or syntactic features

Language identifier: see identifier, Languagelanguage, Meta-: see Metalanguage

languages, Enterprise modellingSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

language, NaturelSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-02 Natural languageHuman language which evolves and whose rules reflect usage without necessarily being prescribed

NOTE For 'special language' see ISO/CD 1087-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.08 Natural languageA language whose rules are based on current usage without being specifically prescribed

Language processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 3.5 Language processingSystematic performance of operations upon language that include data processing

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999

2.5 Language processingInformation processing on language

EXAMPLEProofreading: proofreading can be carried out intellectually and by using a spell-

checker. Bothoperations are complementary.

language, ProgrammingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.10 Programming languageAn artificial language for expressing programs

language, Query (Information retrieval)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 8.2 Query languageData manipulation language for users to retrieve or possibly modify stored data in a database

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.2 Query languageData manipulation language for users to retrieve stored data in a database

language, SpecialSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.1.3 Special language; Language for special purposesLanguage used in a subject field and characterized by the use of specific linguistic means of expression

NOTE The specific linguistic means of expression always include subject-specific terminology and

phraseology and also may cover stylistic or syntactic features

Laptop computer: see computer, Laptop

Laws of physics

LCA: see Life cycle assessmentLearning process: see process, Leaning

LemmatizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 3.18 LemmatizationGeneration of the base form corresponding to a given word form, usually achieved by transforming the word form

EXAMPLE'Go' is the base form of 'goes', achieved by deinflection; but 'go' is also the base

form of 'went'(by arbitrary definition).

NOTE For inflecting languages, this is usually achieved by transforming the word form

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 2.19 LemmatizationProcess of deriving the base form

EXAMPLE'Go' is the base form of 'goes', by deinflection; but 'go' also serves as the base

form of 'went' byvirtue of irregular verb conventions that do not conform to standard inflectional

proctice.

NOTE The result may also be called lemmatization.

Lemmatized word index: see index, Lemmatized wordLength

LettersSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Letter symbol: see symbol, Letter

LevelSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, J3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J3 ISO 3534-3:1999 1.6 LevelPotential setting, value or assignmentof a factor

NOTE 1NOTE 2EXAMPLENOTE 3

level, Conceptual: see Conceptual level

level, ExternalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

level, Generic: see Generic levellevel, Implementation model: see Implementation model level

level, InternalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

level, Model: see Model levellevel, Partial: see Partial levellevel, Particular: see Particular levellevel, Requirements model: see Requirements model level

Lexical

Lexical object: see object, LexicalLinguistic object: see object, Linguisticliability, Product: see Product liability

LibrarianshipSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-10 LibrarianshipProfessional application of library sciences

Library STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B4

Library scienceSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-09 Library scienceInformation science applied to the organization, administration, and operations of libraries (1) or libraries (2)

Lifecycle/Life CycleSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4, I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 LifecycleConsecutive and inter-linked stages of a product or service system, from the extraction of natural resources to the final disposal.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Biol. the continuous sequence of changes undergone by an organism from the primary form to the development of the same form again.

Life cycle assessmentSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 Life cycle assessmentSystematic set of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materilas and energy and the associated environmental impacts directly attributable to the functioning of a product or service system throughout its life cycle

lifecycle stage, Construction entity: see stage, Construction entity lifecycle

Line

line, Off-: see Offlineline, On-: see Online

LinguisticSTANDARD REFERENCER:

Linguistic object: see object, Linguistic

Link STANDARD REFERENCER: B4, G1

List

STANDARD REFERENCER: A8, B4

list, Attribute: see Attribute list

list, BaseSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.10 Base listList of designations resulting from term identification

NOTE A base list is usually subject to further terminology work

list, Exclusion: see Exclusion listlist, Inclusion: see Inclusion listLiteral(s)

literal, Attribute value: se Attribute value literalLocal area network: see network, Local area

LocationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Location 1) a place of settlement or residence.Location 2) a place or situation occupied.Location 3) a tract of land located, or of designated situation or limits.Location 4) (in an electronic computer) any position on a register or memory device capable of storing one machine word.Location 5) Motion Pictures.Location 6) the act of locating; state of being located.Location 7) Civil law.

log off (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.54 (to) log off; (to) log outTo end a session

log on (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.53 (to) log on; (to) log inTo initiate a session

Logic STANDARD REFERENCER:

Logical identity: see identity, Logical

Loop(s)STANDARD REFERENCER: E4

LSE-product: see product, LSE-

M Machine-readable data: see data, Machine-readable

MacrostructureSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.8 MacrostructureArrangement of entries in a collection

mail, E-: see Electronic mail

MainframeSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.02 MainframeA computer, usually in a computer center, with extensive capabilities and resources to which other computers may be connected so they can share facilities

maintenance, File: see File maintenance

ManagementSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

management audit, Environmental: see Environmental management auditmanagement, Data: see Data managementmanagement, Information: see Information managementManagement process: see process, Management

management, ProjectSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

management, Quality: see Quality managementmanagement quality, Total: see quality, Total management

Management reviewSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

management system, Environmental: see system, Environmental managementmanager, Records: see Records manager

MandatorySTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

manual, Quality: see Quality manualmanual, User: see User manual

Manufacturing technology componentsSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Map, MappingSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, G1

Mask VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.7/8.7 MaskUse a pattern of characters for controlling the retension or elimination of portions of another pattern of characters


EXAMPLEAll vowels (a, e, i, o, u) can be replaced by the grouping character V.

Match V (Information retrieval)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.8/7.8 MatchDetermine by comparison identity between items of one set of data and items of another set of data in order to select or separate identical items.

MaterialSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Material 1) the substance or substances of which a thing is made or composed. SYNONYMER: See Matter.Material 2) any constituent element of a thing.Material 3) anything that serves as crude or raw matter to be used or developed.Material 4) a group of related facts, ideas, or data that may serve as the basis for some integrated work, as a novel, sociological report, survey, etc.Material 5) a textile fabricMaterial 6) the articles or apparatus needed to make or do something. A Material 7) formed or consisting of matter; physical; corporeal: the material world.Material 8) relating to, concerned with, or involving matter: material force.Material 9) pertaining to or characterized by an undue interest in corporal thimgs; unspiritual.Material 10) pertaining to the physical rather than the spiritual or intellectual aspect of things.Material 11) of substantial import; of much consequence; important SYNONYMER: essential, vital.

Material 12) pertinent or essential (usually fol. by to).Material 13) Law.Material 14) Philos. of or pertaining to matter as distinguised from form.

material, RawSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 Raw materialPrimary or secondary recovered or recycled material that is used in a system to produce a product

Matter

MeaningSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-04 MeaningInterpretation of a concept associated witk a sign

Measurable ADJLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.64

(measurable) quantity: see quantity, measurable

MeasurandSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1, L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 3.5 Measurand oA quantity subjected to measurement

NOTE As appropriate, this may be the measured quantity or the quantity to be measured

(o This definition is taken from 'International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology. ISO/IEC/OIML/BIPM, Geneva, 1984)

L1 DS 2344 2.09 MeasurandA quantity subjected to measurement

NOTE As appropriate, this may be the measured quantity or the quantity to be measured.

Measure

measure, Performance: see Performance measuremeasure, Quality: see Quality measure

MeasurementSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344

2.01 MeasurementThe set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity

measurement, Base unit ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.11 Base unit (of measurement)A unit of measurement of a base quantity in a given system of quantities

measurement, Coherent system of units ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFIITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.09 Coherent system of units of measurementA system of units composed of a set of base units and coherent derived units.

EXAMPLEthe following units (expressed by their symbols) form part of the coherent

system of units inmechanics within the International System of Units, SI:

m; kg; s;m5; m;; Hz= s-5; ms-o etc

measurement, Coherent unit ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.13 Coherent unit (of measurement)A derived unit of measurement which is expressed in terms of base units by formulain which the proportionality factor is 1.

NOTE This term is an abbreviation of the more exact denomination 'derived unit of measurement in a

coherent system of units', for, with an isolated unit, the concept of coherence is meaningless.

EXAMPLEthe newton is the coherent unit of force in the SI: 1 N = 1 kgms-5

measurement, Derived unit ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.12 Derived unit (of measurement)A unit of measurement of a derived quantity in a given system of quantities

NOTES 1. In a given system of units, a derived unit can be expressed in terms of base units and

proportionality factors.

2. Some derived units have special names and symbols; for example, in the SI:- newton (N), unit of force- joule (J), unit of energy

- volt (V), unit of electric potential

measurement, DynamicSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 2.04 Dynamic measurementThe determination of the instantaneous value of a quantity and, where appropriate, its variation with time

NOTE The qualifier 'dynamic' applies to the measurerand and not to the method of measurement

measurement, Method ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 2.06 Method of measurementThe set of theoretical and practical operations, in general terms, involved in the performance of measurements according to a given pronciple

measurement, Multiple of a unit ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.15 Multiple of a unit (of measurement)A larger unit of measurement which is formedfrom a given unit according to scaling conventions.

EXAMPLESa) one of the decimal multiples of the meter is the kilometreb) on of the non-decimal multiples of the second is the hour

measurement, Principle ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 2.05 Principle of measurementThe scientific basis of a method of measurement

EXAMPLESa) the thermoelectric effect applied to the measurement of temperature;b) the Josephson effect applied to he measurement of voltage;c) the Doppler effect applied to he measurement of velocity

Measurement procedureSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 2.07 Measurement procedureThe set of theoretical and practical operations, in detailed terms, involved in the performance of measurements according to a given method

Measurement process

STANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 2.08 Measurement processAll the information, equipment and operations relevant to a given measurement.

NOTE This concept embraces all aspects relating to the performance and quality of the measurement; it

includes for example the principle, method, procedure, values of the influencequantities and the

measurement standards.

measurement, StaticSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 2.03 Static measurementThe measurement of a quantity whose value can be considered constant for the duration of the measurement

NOTE The qualifier 'static' applies to the measurerand and not to the method of measurement.

measurement, Symbol of a unit ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.07 Symbol of a unit (of measurement)A conventional sign designating a unir of measurement

EXAMPLESa) m is the symbol for metre;b) A is the symbol of ampere

measurement, System of units ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.08 System of units (of measurement)A set of units established for a given system of quantities

NOTE A system of units comprises a set of chosen base units, together with derived units determined by

their defining equations and proportionality factors.

EXAMPLESa) International System of Units, SIb) CGS system of units

measurement, Unit ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.06 Unit (of measurement)

A specific quantity, adopted by convention, used to express quantitatively quantities which have the same dimension

medium, Data: see Data medium

Member

MemorySTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.11 MemoryAll of the addressable storage space in a processing unit and all the other internal storage that is used to execute instructions

Mental construct: see construct, Mental

MenuSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.9/10.9 MenuList of options displayed to the user by a data processing system, from which the user can select an action to be initiated


D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.06 MenyA list of options displayed by a data processing system, from which the usercan select an action to be initiated

Mereologic ?

Merg VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.5/8.5 MergeCombine the items of two or more sets of data that are (each) in the same given orden into one set in that order(ISO 2382-6:1987)

MessageSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, D4, M1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-05 MessageCommunication of information (1)

NOTE To be received is not a necessary characteristic of the concept 'message'

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987

MessageA collection of one or more sentences and/or command statements to be used as an information exchange between the environment and the information system

Message directorySTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Message headerSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Message trailerSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Message typeSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

message type, Application STANDARD REFERENCER: M1

MetalanguageORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:metalanguage - any language or symbolic system used to discuss, describe, or analyze another language or symbolic system.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:abstrakt, strengt logisk sprog der er opbygget på vedtagne tegn og bruges til nøjagtig videnskabelig definition; udsagn om udsagn der tilhører objektsproget. (objektsprog = sprogv. det naturlige dagligsprog vha. hvilket den talende refererer til genstande o.a.; sprog som bliver beskrevet i et andet sprog (metasprog); fx står i en ensproget ordbog de ord der forklares i objektsprog, mens den betydningsmæssige gengivelse (den semantiske parafrase) står i metasprog.)

Meta-models: see models, Meta-method, Access: see Access methodmethod, Implementation: see Implementation methodMethod of measurement: see measurement, Method of

MetrologySTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 The field of knowledge concerned with measurement

NOTE Metrology includes all aspects both theoretical and practical with reference to measurements,

whatever their level of accuracy, and in whatever field of science or technology they occur

Microchip: see circuit, IntegratedMicrocomputer: see computer, Micro-Microprocessor: see processor, Micro-

MicrostructureSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.9 Microstructure

Arrangement of data in each entry of a collection

Milieu: see Environment

Mind

Minicomputer: see computer, Mini-Mixed arrangement: see arrangement, MixedMixed concept system: see concept system, Mixed Mixed order: see arrangement, MixedMixed system of concepts: see concept system, Mixed

Modality

Model (see also Schema)STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, D5, E3, E4, G1, J3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J3 SO 3534-3:1999 1.1 ModelDescription relating the response variable to predictor variable(s) and including attendant assumptions

NOTE 1EXAMPLE 1EXAMPLE 2EXAMPLE 3EXAMPLE 4NOTE 2

LITTERÆRE ORDFORKLARINGER:En model er en repræsentation af et system. Den kan beskrive hvad et system er, hvad det gør, eller hvilke ting det arbejder med. Man kan måske sige, at der er 3 typer datamodellering: Funktionsmodellering, Informationsmodellering og Objektorienteret modellering (fra Jan Karlshøjs Principper og metoder for opstilling af datamodeller til byggeteknisk anvendelse)

model, Application activity STANDARD REFERENCER: E1

model, Application interpreted modelSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

model, Application reference modelSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

model, ConceptualSTANDARD REFERENCER: C1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.12 Conceptual model1) A consistent collection of sentences expressing the necessary propositions that hold for the universe of discourse (ISO/TR 9007)

2) An abstract, stable, maintained architecture for a domain, which positions the domain in its context, delimits the boundaries of the domain, identifies the elements of the domain, specifies their relationships and attributes and categorises the elements into classes (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7)

3) A purposely abstracted, unambiguously expressed, description of part of the world, expressed by sentences in defined languages.

model, EnterpriseSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Model for quality assuranceSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

models, FormalSTANDARD REFERENCER: G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:G1 prENV 12264:1995 C.5 Formal modelsAn emerging kind of concepts-representation system is the formal model. It shall provide a set of symbols (usually lexical marks on paper or their equivalent in a computer system) and a set of formal rules to manipulate them. They are intended to be interpreted as denoting a set of concepts and some set of relations between them. Each concepts shall be represented in a formal model by a unique canonical form, made up of symbols; non-canonical formal expressions shall be convertible to the canonical one.

Symbols can be given names that human users find meaningful, but the behaviour of the model shall be independent of the names. Models are designed to manipulate these symbols in a formal way, so that the symbols behave in ways that correspond to human use of the concepts represented.

Formal models are based on formalism.

EXAMPLESFormalisms in use include conceptual graphs (Sowa, 1984) and GRAIL (Galen,

1992-1994).

NOTE The expressive power of a formal model largely depends on the formalism. In significant systems

for practical applications, the complexity of the formalism and the manipulations goes beyond the

power of human processing, and suitable computer software for manipulation and browsing is

needed.

A concept representation system - including formal models - never captures all the meaning of a

concept or all the relations between them. All concept representation systems provide at best

approximations of the concepts represented. Adequacy of formal models may be only be evaluated

by the interpretation in the intended context.

model, InformationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.21 Information modelA formal model of a bounded set of facts, concepts or instructions to meet a specified requirement.

Model levelSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

model level, designSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

model level, ImplementationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

model level, Requirements: see Requirements model level

models, Meta-STANDARD REFERENCER: E5

model, PartialSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

model, Processable STANDARD REFERENCER: E4

model, Product informationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.29 Product information modelAn information model which provides an abstract description of facts, concepts and instructions about a product

modelling, EnterpriseSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

modelling language, Enterprise: see language, Enterprise modelling

modelling of concepts, Tools forLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.83

Modification LYKEION REFERENCER: 4.12STANDARD REFERENCER: D4, G1Money - see Finance

MononymySTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.22 MononymyRelation between designations and concepts in a given languagein which on concept has only one designation

NOTE The designations in the relation of mononymy are called mononyms

MonosemySTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 7.2.2 Monosemy

Monosemy is the relation between designations and concepts in which one designation represents only one concept. Designations in such a relation are called monosemes.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.23 MonosemyRelation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation only relates to one concept

NOTE The designation in the relation of monosemy are called monosemes

MorphemeSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

Morphic ....

MovementORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Movement 1) the act, process, or result of moving. SYNONYM: See motionMovement 2) a particular manner of movingMovement 3) Usually movements, actions or activities, as of a person or a body of persons.Movement 4) Mil., Navy. a change of position or location of troops or ships.Movement 5) rapid progress of events, or abundance of events or incidents.Movement 6 og 7) noget med kunstMovement 8, 9, 10, 11) a progressive development of ideas toward a particular conclusion mv folkebevægelser mvMovement 12) the price change in the market of some commodity or security mvMovement 16) Music. b. motion; rhytm; time; tempoMovement 13, 14) materialet udtømtMovement 15) the working parts or a distinct portion of the working parts of a mechanism, as of a watch.

Multi-word term: see term, Multi-wordMultiple of a unit (of measurement): see measurement, Multiple of a unit of

MuseographySTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-12 MuseographyTechniques of identifying and describing documents preserved in museums (1) or museums (2)

MuseologySTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-11 MuseologyTheory, activities and techniques of the organization of museums (1) or museums (2), and also the application of museum legislation

NName STANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8, A9, B1, B2, D4, D5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 85 Term (som forbindelse af begreb og udtryk); Betegnelse; Benævnelse(verbal) Designation; Name (of a concept)A term corresponding to a given concept.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 5.3.1.3 NameDesignation of an object by a linguistic expression.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.4.3 Name

Designation of an individual concept by a linguistic expression.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.2 NameDesignation of an individual concept by a linguistic expression

B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.2-09 NameWord (1) or a phrase used to denote an individual being, object or class

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-13 NameDesignation by a linguistic expression of an individual concept.

NOTE ISO 1087-1

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 NameA (simple) linguistic object that is used only to refer to an entity.

name, Data element: see Data element name

name, SystematicSTANDARD REFERENCER: G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.19 Systematic name; IdentifierTerminological phrase created according to preestablished rules and used as name for a target concept.

NOTE In common practice, a working name can be used in place of the systematic name. The working

name may be either a term or a simpler terminological phrase.

Narrower concept: see concept, NarrowerNational standardization: see standardization, NationalNatural language: see language, NaturalNecessary proposition: see proposition, Necessary

Negation

Neologism: see Neoterm

NeotermSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.7 Neoterm; NeologismNew term coined for a given concept

NOTE Although neoterms sometimes rename established concepts, usually they name new concepts

Nested segment: see segment, Nested

NetworkSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.44 NetworkAn arrangement of nodes and interconnecting branches

network, Computer: see Computer network

network, Local area LANSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.46 Local area network LANA computer network located on a user's premises within a limited geographical area

NOTE Communication within a local area network is not subject to external regulations; however,

communiaction across the LAN boundry may be subject to some form of regulation

New term: see term, New

Node

NomenclatureSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1997 Terminology structured according to pre-established naming rules

NOTE Nomenclatures are elaborated for various fields, such as biology, medicine, physics and chemistry

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-15 NomenclatureSystem of designation elaborated according to pre-established rules

NOTE Nomenclatures are elaborated for various fields, such as biology, medicine, physics,and chemistry.

- ISO 1087-1

Non-essential characteristic: see characteristic, Non-essentialNon-hierarchical relation: see relation, Non-hierarchicalNon-hierarchical relationship: see relationship, Non-hierarchicalNon-renewable resource: see resource, Non-renewable

NonconformitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.10 NonconformityNonfulfilment of a specified requirement

NOTE The definition covers the departure or absence of one or more quality characteristics (including

dependability characteristics), or quality system elements from specified

requirements

Nominal value: see value, NominalNonprogrammable terminal: see terminal, NonprogrammableNormalized form (deprecated): see Word formNormative document: see document, Normative

Notation STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

NoteSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.8.5 NoteStatement which provides further information on any part of a terminological entry

Number STANDARD REFERENCER: D5

number, Character: see Character number

Numeric(al) ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.03 Numeric; NumericalPertaining to data that consist og numerals as well as to processes and functional units that use those data

Numeric(al) character: see DigitNumeric(al) character set: see character set, Numeric(al)Numeric(al) value (of a quantity): see quantity, Numeric(al) value of a

O Object STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A6, A7, A8, A9, B2, E2, F1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.1 Concepts and objectsConcepts are mental constructs serving to classify individual objects of the inner or outer world by way of more or less arbitrary abstraction.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 From introduction:Objects:Are observed, perceived or conceivedAre abstracted or conceptualized into concepts

A6 ISO 1087:1990 2.1 Object Any part of the perceivable or conceivable world.

NOTE Objects may also be material (e.g. machine) or immaterial (e.g. magnetism).

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.1.1 ObjectPart of the perceivable or conceivable world.

NOTE Objects may be material (e.g. an engine, a sheet of paper, a diamond), immaterial

(e.g. conversion ratio, a project plan) or imagined (e.g. a unicorn).

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.1.1 Object Phenomenon in the perceivable or conceivable world.

NOTE Objects may be material (e.g. an engine, a sheet of paper, a diamond) or immaterial

(e.g. electromagnetism, a project plan).

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.1.1 ObjectAnything perceivable or conceivable

NOTE Objects may be material (e.g. an engine, a sheet of paper, a diamond), immaterial

(e.g. conversion ratio, a project plan) or imagined (e.g. a unicorn).

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.1-02 ObjectPhenomenon in the perceivable or conceivable world

NOTE Objects may be material (e.g. an engine, a sheet of paper, a diamond) or immaterial

(e.g. electromagnetism, a project plan). - ISO/CD 1087-1:1995

E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.8 ObjectA concept or physical thing which may exist in the real world.

F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.1.1 ObjectAny part of the perceivable world

NOTE Objects may be material (e.g. engine) or immaterial (e.g. magnetism). (ISO 1087:1990)

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Object 1) anything that is visible or tangible and is stable in form.Object 2) anything that may be apprehended intellectually: objects of thought.

Object 3) a person or thing with reference to the impression made on the mind or the feeling or emotion elicited in an observer: an object of curiosity and pity.Object 4) a thing, person, or matter to which thought or action is directed: an object of medical investigation.Object 5) the end toward which effort is directed; goal; purpose: Investigation of business prospects is the object of his trip to London. SYNONYMER: objective, target, destination, intent, intention, motive. See aim.Object 6) Gram.Object 7) Metaphys. something toward which a cognitive act is directed. V.Object 8) to offer a reason or argument in opposition.Object 9) to express or feel disapproval, dislike, or distaste; be averse.Object 10) to refuse or attempt to refuse to permit some action, speech, etc.Object 11) to state, claim, or cite in opposition; put forward in objection.Object 12) to refuse to permit.Object 13) Archaic. to bring forward or adduce in opposition.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:1. Person, sag eller ting samt ikke-sanselige fænomener der er genstand for betragtning, undersøgelse, fremstilling el. følelse.2. gram. genstandsled.

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Thing-Reality-Particular-Phenomenon-Percept-Thing perceived-External reality.2. Mark-Aim-Target-Butt; Goal-End-Destination; Recipient-Correlate, or Complement (of a conscious subject)3. End-Aim-Intent-Intention-Purpose-Design-Motive-Use-View-Drift-Goal-Final cause.

object, Application STANDARD REFERENCER: E1

object, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.1.2/2.7 Construction object(An) object of importance to the construction industry

object, EnterpriseSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 7.1 Enterprise object

DefinitionA modelling entity which describes a generalised, real or abstract, uniquely identified, phenomenon of the real world of the manufacturing enterprise (i.e. a thing which can be conceptualised or thought about as being a whole). Enterprise Object building blocks are characterised by their unique identity and descriptive properties.DescriptionAn enterprise object is a modelling entity which is used to represent abstract or real (physical) objects of manufacturing enterprises.

Enterprise objects can be classified into different kinds, for example determined by the processes which can operate upon them, and can play different roles, as for example as

products, orders, resources or organisational units.

Enterprise objects building blocks are used in partial or particular models to describe structured sets of enterprise entities (e.g. products, parts, schedules, bills of materials, CL-data files, etc.) or unstructured things (e.g. unformatted documents, verbal orders, signals, etc.). At model execution time, a given enterprise entity in the real world is represented by an occurrence of an Enterprise Object building block.

The relationships among Enterprise object building blocks or among Enterprise object building blocks and their super-object building blocks are either described by means of relations (see subclause 7.10), or by object abstraction mechanisms such as class definitions and aggregation of Enterprise object building blocks which can be described by attributes (see subclause 6.1).

Etc.Se også Object view og Object state

object, Individual STANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 1 Fænomen; (Referent; Denotatum)Individual object; Particular object; IndividualAny phenomenon of the outer or inner world which is observed (or can be observed) by a man at a given moment.

EXAMPLESSocrates as a living person capable of being touched; this tree in our garden; a

given spot on thistree; the fall of this tree; that physical or psychic pain which I feel at the

moment; this perceptionor mental image.

object, Lexical STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Lexical object or nameA (simple) linguistic object that is used only to refer to an entity.In normal cases a lexical object consists solely of one or more nouns.

object, LinguisticSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Linguistic objectA grammatically allowable construct in a language.

object, ParticularSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

Object stateSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 7.3 Object state

DefinitionAn Object state refers to a current stage of an Enterprise object at a given instant of its life cycle.

DescriptionAn Object state represents a 'snapshot' or view of an Enterprise object at a certain time of the Enterprise object life cycle. It is defined by the values taken by the attributes of the Enterprise object at the time the object is observed or considered. It is time-dependent.

An Enterprise object evolves from one of its states to another state under influence of internal or external operations applied to it. The succession of all states of an Enterprise object along the time axis from its creation to the end of its existence is called the Enterprise object life cycle.

In enterprise modelling, an Object state can be defined by the current values of all or part of the attributes of an occurrrence of an Enterprise object.

For example, consider the case of a sheet metal plate which has to go through a drilling operation then a press operation and finally to a folding operation. Here the sequence of operations is applied to the same Enterprise object (sheet metal plate) but the object is transformed (i.e. its state is changed) after each operation (successively from a blanked sheet metal plate to a drilled sheet metal plate to a pressed sheet metal plate to a folded sheet metal plate). These are various views of the same object.

Etc.

Object viewSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 7.2 Object viewDefinitionA projection of one or more Enterprise objects over a defined subset of attributes of these Enterprise objects, where a subset is defined by a selection of attributes and/or a constraint on these attributes.

DescriptionAn Object view of an Enterprise object can be derived by selection a subset of properties identified from one or more Enterprise objects which convey some particular perceived view as required by an application or user. The Object view allows different users to have their own particular viewpoint on to Enterprise objects thereby enabling the modelling to be simplified.

An Object view filters out specific attributes of an Enterprise object or of several Enterprise objects and disregards others. Attributes in a Object view can be combinations of attributes from the Enterprise objects on which the Object view is defined (for example, the sum of two Enterprise object attributes)

Etc.

objective, Environmental: see Environmental objectiveObjective evidence: see evidence, ObjectiveObjectoriented analysis and design: see analysis and design, ObjectorientedObjectoriented database: see database, Objectoriented

Observation

Observed value: see value, ObservedObsolete term: see term, Obsolete

Occupies V, Occupied ?LYKEION REFERENCER: 4.64

OccurrenceSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Occurrence (of an entity-type)An indivudual entity, for which a particualr type proposition holds, that is, which belongs to a particualr class of entities

Occurrence (in a model)STANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Offline ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.42 Offline; Off-linePertaining to the operation of a functional unit that takes place either independently of, or in parallel with, the main operation of a computer

Office automation: see automation, Office

OmissionSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Online ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.41 Online; On-linePertaining to the operation of a functional unit when under the control of a computer

Ontological theoriesSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

Ontology

ontology, High-level

Operating system: see system, Operating

Operation STANDARD REFERENCER: C1

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Operation 1) the act or an instance, process, or manner of functioning or operating.Operation 2) the state of being operative (usually prec. by in or into): a rule no longer in operation.Operation 3) the power to act; efficacy, influence, or force.Operation 4) the exertion of force or influence; agency; the operation of alcohol on the mind.

Operation 5) a process of a practical or mechanical nature in some form of work or production: a delicate operation in watchmaking.Operation 6) a cource or procedure of productive or industrial activity; building operations.Operation 7) a particular process or course: mental operations.Operation 8) a business transaction, esp. one of a speculative nature or on a large scale: operation in oil.Operation 10) Math. Operation 9 og 11) Surg. Mil.

operation systems, Enterprise: see systems, Enterprise operationoperators, Arithmetic: see Arithmetic operators

Order STANDARD REFERENCER: B2, E4

order, Alphabetic: see arrangement, Alphabeticorder, Frequency: see Frequency orderorder, Mixed: see arrangement, Mixedorder, Systematic: see arrangement, Systematicorder, Thematic: see arrangement, ThematicOrdered set: see set, Ordered

ordering, AlphabeticalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.3/3.3 Alphabetical orderingArrangement of character strings in such a way that the position of each string in the list is uniquely determined by the appropriate sort value starting from the beginning of the string

NOTE 1 Special sort values may have to be assigned for letters with diacritics and ligatures and for other

symbols, e.g. numerals, superscripts, subscripts, etc.NOTE 2 The rules of alphabetical ordering may differ from language to language

ordering, Reverse alphabeticalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.4/3.4 Reverse alphabetical orderingArrangement of character strings in such a way that the position of each string in the list is uniquely determined by the appropriate sort value starting from the end of the string

OrganizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1, H1, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.

I1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 3.12 OrganizationCompany, corporation, firm, enterprise or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and

administration

NOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an

organization

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.7 OrganizationCompany, corporation, firm, enterprise or institution, or part thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration

NOTE The above definition is valid for the purpose of quality standards. The term 'organization' is


K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 4.2 OrganizationBody that is based on the membership of other bodies or individuals and has an established constitution and its own administration

Organization system: see system, Organization

Organisational structureSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.8 Organizational structureResponsibilities, authorities and relationships, arranged in a pattern, through which an organization performs its functions

Organisational unitSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Organisational viewSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Orientation

Origination

Orthographic word: see word, Orthographic

Output (adjective) ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.35 OutputPertaining to a device, process, or input-output channel involved in an output process, or to the associated data or states

NOTE The word 'output' may be used in place of 'output data', 'output signal', or 'output process' when

such a usage is clear in a given context

Output (data)STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.33 OutputData that an information processing system, or any of its parts, transfers outside of that system or part

Output (process) V?STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.34 OutputThe process by which an information processing system, or any of its parts, transfers data outside of that system or part

Outside ADVLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.64

P package, Software: see Software package

ParadigmSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8, B4

Paradigm (computational linguistics/natural-language processing)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 3.14 ParadigmClass of word forms belonging to a given word

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 2.12 ParadigmClass of word forms belonging to a given word or multi-word term

EXAMPLESell, sells, sold, selling

ParameterSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5, J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 1.12 ParameterA quantity used in describing the probability distribution of a random variable

Parsing (Language processing)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 3.19 ParsingOperation separating a given structure into its elements according to a given algorithm

EXAMPLEIn the sentence 'all unsaturated fatty acids are not degradable by biological

methods', 'unsaturatedfatty acids' and 'biological methods' are identified as compounds and can be

extracted.

NOTE Parsing does not necessarily provide a complete analysis of the sentence structure.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 2.20 ParsingOperation segregating a given textual structure into its grammatical, categorical and/or lexical elements according to a given algorithm.

EXAMPLEIn the sentence 'all unsaturated fatty acids are not degradable by biological

methods', 'unsaturatedfatty acids' and 'biological methods' are identified as multi-word terms and can

be extracted.

NOTE Parsing does not necessarily provide a complete analysis of the sentence structure.

Part STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A8, B4, G1

part, Construction entitySTANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER,BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.6 Construction entity partSolid (as distinct from liquid or gaseous), material part of a construction entity, having physically deliniated boundaries

Part-whole relation: see relation, Part-wholepart, Word: see Word partPartial complex entity data type: see data type, Partial complex entityPartial complex entity instance: see entity instance, Partial complex

Partial levelSTANDARD REFERENCES: E4

Partial model: see model, Partial

Particular

Particular levelSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Parties (Parter)

Parties (Parter): see also Stakeholders

Partition

Partitive concept: see concept, PartitivePartitive concept system: see system, Partitive conceptPartitive relation: see relation, PartitivePartitive relationships: see relationships, Partitive

party, Business firstSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

party, Business secondSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

party, InterestedSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1


I1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 3.11 Interested partyIndividual or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance of an organization

past, The

PatternSTANDARD REFERENCER: A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.14 PatternString where som characters or sequences of characters have beeen replaced by variablesPC: see computer, Personal

Perceiving V

Performance STANDARD REFERENCER:

Performance (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.4 PerformanceBehaviour (of a product) related to use

NOTE A product may mean a building as a whole or any part of it

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Performance 1) a musical, dramatic, or other entertainment.Performance 2) the act of performing a ceremony, play, piece of music, etc.Performance 3) the execution or accomplishment of work, acts, feats, etc.Performance 4) a particular action, deed, or proceeding.Performance 5) an action or proceeding of an unusual or spectacular kind.Performance 6) the act of performing.Performance 7) the manner in which or the efficiency with which something reacts or fulfills its intended purpose.

performance, Environmental: see Environmental performance

Performance indicatorSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.3-03 Performance indicatorNumerical quantity representing the amount of an activity undertaken, or service provided, in order to achieve a pre-defined goal

Performance measure: see Performance indicator

Performance provisionSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 7.8 Performance provisionProvision for fitness for purpose that concerns the behaviour of a product, process or service on or related to use

Performance requirement: see requirement, Performance

Period

Peripheral equipmentSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.07 Peripherial euipmentAny device that is controlled by and can communicate with a particular computer

EXAMPLEInput-output units, external storage

Permissible action: see action, Permissible

PermutationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 Rearrangement of a multi-word term so that the lexical relevant constituent parts each appear at the appropriate alphabetical position.

EXAMPLEThe character string 'millions of instructions per second' (MIPS) would appear as:

'instructions,millions of per second' and 'second, millions of instructions per', to ensure that

the desiredconstituent parts appear at the appropriate alphabetical positions.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 Arrangement of lexical units so that each of their constituent parts appears at the appropriate positions.

EXAMPLEThe character string 'millions of instructions per second' (MIPS) would appear as:

'instructions,millions of per second' and 'second, millions of instructions per', to ensure that

the desiredconstituent parts appear at the appropriate, in this case alphabetical positions.

NOTE A given term may have only one lexical relevant constituent part

Permuted index: see index, Permuted

Person

Personal computer: see computer, Personal

PhenomenonSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 1 Fænomen; (Referent; Denotatum)Individual object; Particular object; IndividualAny phenomenon of the outer or inner world which is observed (or can be observed) by a man at a given moment.

EXAMPLESSocrates as a living person capable of being touched; this tree in our garden; a

given spot on thistree; the fall of this tree; that physical or psychic pain which I feel at the

moment; this perceptionor mental image.

PhraseSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1

phrase, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-05 Terminological phraseWord combination containing at least one term and a number of other lexical items the choise of which being restricted by the term in question

EXAMPLEBook a flight, commit an infringement

NOTE ISO 1087-1

Physical ADJ

physics, Laws of: see Laws of physics

PictureSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

Picture processing: see Image processing

Place STANDARD REFERENCER:

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Place 1) a particular portion of space, whether of definite or indefinite extent. SYNONYMER: location, locale, locality, sitePlace 2) space in general: time and place.Place 3) the portion of space occupied by anything.Place 4) a space or spot, set apart or used for a particular purpose.Place 5) any part or spot in a body or surface.Place 6) a particular passage in a book or writing.Place 7) a space or seat for a person, as in a theater, train, etc.Place 8) the space or position customarily or previously occupied by a person or thing.Place 9) position, situation, or circumstances.Place 10) a proper or appropriate location or position.Place 11) a job, post, or office. SYNONYMER: rank, employment. See position.Place 12) a function or duty.

SYNONYMER: charge, responsibility.Place 13) magen til 9)Place 14) high position or rank.Place 15) official employment or position.Place 16) a region. SYNONYMER: area, section, sectorPlace 17) an open space or square, in a city or town.Place 18) a short street, a court, etc.Place 19) a portion of space used for habitation, as a city, town, or village.Place 20) a building, location, etc., set aside for a specific purpose.Place 21) a part of a building.Place 22) a residence, dwelling, or house.Place 23) lieu; substitution (usually fol. by of).Place 24) a step or point in order of proceeding.Place 25) a fitting opportunity.Place 26) a reasonable ground or occasion.Place 27) Arith. a. the position of a figure in a series, as in decimal notation. b. Usually, places, the figures of the series.Place 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) Drama. Astron. Sports. Theater, Archaic.Place 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 give place to, go places, in place, know or keep one's place, out of place, put someone in his place, take place V.Place 40) to put in the proper position or order; arrange; dispose. SYNONYMER: situate, station. See put.Place 41) to put in a suitable place for some purpose. SYNONYMER: locate, set, deposit, lay, seat.Place 43) to appoint (a person) to a post or office. SYNONYM 43) hire

Plan

plan, Quality: see Quality plan

Plane

planning, Terminology: see Terminology planning

Plausibility checkSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 10.7 Plausibility checkCheck to determine whether data conform to specified criteria

A11 ISO/FDSI 1087-2:1999 9.6 Plausibility check (Reasonableness check)Data validation to determine whether data conform to specified criteria


Playing a role: see role, Playing a

Plural ADJ

Plus word list: see Inclusion list

Point(s)

STANDARD REFERENCER: B4

point, Toporal

policy, Environmental: see Environmental policy

pollution, Prevention ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I1 ISO/DIS 14001:1995 3.13 Prevention of pollutionUse of processes, practices, materials or products that avoid, reduce or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of resources and material substitution

NOTE The potential benefits of prevention of pollution include the reduction of adverse environmental

impacts, improved efficiency and reduced costs

PolysemySTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B1, B2, B4STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.4.2 PolysemyPolysemous terms are terms with the same linguistic form which have been assigned to different concepts by a process of analogy or extension of meaning.

EXAMPLEhead (living body) - head (part of a tool)

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.24 PolysemyRelation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two ore more concepts sharing certain characteristics

EXAMPLEBridge: (1) structure carrying traffic over a gap, (2) part of a string instrument,

(3) dental plate

NOTE The designations in the relation of polysemy are called 'polysemes'

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-18 PolysemyRelation between designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics

NOTE The designations in the relation of polysemy are called 'polysemes'- ISO 1087-1

EXAMPLEBridge: (1) structure carrying traffic over a gap, (2) part of a string instrument,

(3) dental plate

PopulationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2, J1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992

3.2.11 PopulationA collection of instances

J1 ISO 3534-1:1993/ J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 2.3/1.3.1 PopulationThe totality of items under consideration

NOTE In the case of a random variable, the probability distribution is cinsidered to define the population

of that variable

Portability (computer programming)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 11.6 PortabilityCapability of a program to be executed on various types of data processing systems without converting the program to a different language and with little or no modification(ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993)

A11 ISO/FDSI 1087-2:1999 10.6 PortabilityCapability of a program to be executed on various types of data processing systems often involving recompiling, with little or no manual modification


D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.06 Portability (of a program)The capability of a program to be executed on various types of data processing systems without converting the program to a different language and with little or no modification

Portable computer: see computer, Portable

Portion(s)

PositionORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Position 1) condition with reference to place; location; situation.Position 2) a place occupied or to be occupied; site. SYNONYMER: station, place, locality, spot.Position 3) proper, appropriate, or usual place: out of position.Position 4) situation or condition, esp. with relation to favorable or unfavorable circumstances.Position 5) status or standing. SYNONYMER: rank, placePosition 6) high standing, as in society.Position 7) a post of employment. SYNONYMER: POSITION, JOB, PLACE, SITUATION refer to a post of employment osvPosition 8) manner of being placed, disposed, or arranged. SYNONYMER: placement, disposition, array, arrangement.Position 9) bodily posture or attitude: to be in a sitting position. SYNONYMER: POSITION, POSTURE, ATTITUDE, POSE refer to an arrangement or disposal of the body or its parts. POSITION is the general word for the arrangement of the body. POSTURE is usually an assumed arrangement of the body, esp. when standing. ATTITUDE is often a posture assumed for imitative effect or the like, but may be one

adopted for a purpose. osvPosition 10) mental attitude; stand.Position 11) act of positing.Position 12) that which is posited. SYNONYMER: proposition, hypothesis, postulate, thesis; dictum, assertion, predication, contention; doctrine, principle.Position 13, 14) Music.Position 15) Class. Pros. V. Position 16) to put in a particular or appropriate position; place SYNONYM: situate.Position 17) to determine the position of; locate

position(s), Relative

PossessionORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Possession 1) act or fact of possessing.Possession 2) state of being possessed.Possession 3) ownership.Possession 4) Law.Possession 5) a thing possessed.Possession 6) possessions, property or wealth.Possession 7) a territorial dominion of a state.Possession 8) Sports.Possession 9) control over oneself, one's mind, etc.Possession 10) domination, actuation, or obsession by a feeling, idea, etc.Possession 11) the feeling or idea itself. A having or taking possession. To have or hold possession. To take possession.

Power

practice, Code of: see Code of practicePragmatic relation: see relation, Pragmative

PredicateSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 A linguistic object, analogous to a verb, which says something about an entity or entities to which term(s) in the sentence refer

Preferred term: see term, PreferredPreliminary analysis of concept systems: see concept systems, Preliminary analysis of

present, The

PresentationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.25 PresentationA recognizable visual representation of product data

Prevention of pollution: see pollution, Prevention ofPreventive action: see action, Preventive

Primary key

PrimitivesSTANDARD REFERENCER:

principle, Conceptualization: see Conceptualization principlePrinciple of measurement: see measurement, Principle of

Printing VSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-16 PrintingTaking of an impression on a surface from inked type, plates, blocks, cylinders, or from an ink jet

ProbabilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 1.1 ProbabilityA real number in the scale 0 to 1 attached to a random event

NOTE It can be related to a long-run relative frequency of occurrence or to a degree of belief that an

event will occur. For a high degree of belief, the probability is near 1

Probability distributionSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 1.3 Probability distribution (of a random variable)A function giving the probability that a ramdom variable takes any given value or belongs to a given set of values

NOTE The probability on the whole set of values of the random variable equals 1

ProcedureSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5, H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.3 ProcedureSpecified way to perform an activity

NOTES 1 In many cases, procedures are documented (e.g. quality system procedures)2 When a procedure is documented, the term 'written procedure' or

'documented procedure' isfrequently used3 A written or documented procedure usually contains the purposes and scope

of an activity; whatshal be done and by whom; when, where and how it shall be done; what

materials, equipment and

documents shall be used; and how it shall be controlled and recorded

procedure, Measurement: see Measurement procedure

Process STANDARD REFERENCER: D1, C1, E3, H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.24 Process 1A predetermined course of events defined by its purpose or by its effect, achieved under given conditions

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.1.1 ProcessMethod of operation in any particular stage of any element, group of elements, or total aspect of production or service

NOTE It is necessary to distinguish between an individual and an overall process

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.2 ProcessSet of inter-related resources and activities which transform inputs intooutputs

NOTE Resources may include personnel, finance, facilities, equipment, techniques and methods

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Process 1) a systematic series of actions directed to some end: to devise a process for homogenizing milk. SYNONYM: operation. PROCESS, PROCEDURE, PROCEEDING apply to something which goes on or takes place. A PROCESS is a series of progressive and interdependent steps by which an end is attained: a chemical process. PROCEDURE usually implies a formal or set order of doing a thing, a method of conducting affairs. PROCEEDING applies to what goes on or take place on a given occation or to the records of the occation.Process 2) a continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner: the process of decay.Process 3 og 5) Law. Biol. Anat.Process 4) Photog. Process 6) the action of going forward or on.Process 7) the condition of being carried on.Process 8) course or lapse, as of time. V.Process 9) to treat or prepare by some particular process, as in manufacturing.Process 10) to handle (papers, records, etc) by systematically organizing them, recording or making notations on them, following up with appropriate action, or the like.Process 11) to require (someone) to answer questionaires, perform various tasks, and sometimes to undergo physical and aptitude classification examinations before the beginning or termination of a period of service.Process 12) to convert (an agricultural commodity) into marketable form by some special process.Process 13) to institute a legal process against.

Process 14) to serve a process or summons on.Process 15) to undergo the activities involved in processing personnel.Process 16) prepared or modified by an artificial process.Process 17) noget om fototekniske metoder.Process 18) Motion Pictures.

ORDFORKLARING OM PROCES FRA WD UNDER OPERATION:1. operation. PROCESS, PROCEDUREE, PROCEEDING apply to something which goes on or takes place. A PROCESS is a series of progressive and interdependent steps by which an end is attained: a chemical process. PREOCEDURE usually implies a formal or set order of doing a thing, a method of conducting affairs: parliamentary procedure. PROCEEDING (usually pl.) applies to what goes on or takes place on a given occation or to the records of the occation: Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(fr. proces, af lat. processus fremskriden, til procedere skride frem, se procedere) udvikling; fremgangsmåde; omdannelse af stoffer ad kemisk vej; retssag, rettergang.

SYNONYMER FRA ODS1. Course-Progress-Advance continued movement-Train.2. Operation-Procedure-Proceeding-Action-Practice-Way-Performance-Step-Transaction-Measure-Conduct-Management-Series of measures-Mode of operation-Course-Continuous experiment.3. (Law.)4. (Anat.)

Proces (in data processing)STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.25 Process 2The predetermined course of events that occur during the execution of all or part of a program

process, BusinessSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

processes, Chain of (link)STANDARD REFERENCER: D5

process, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.3/2.9 Construction process(A) process which transforms construction resources into construction results

process, Learning

process, Management STANDARD REFERENCER: F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.3.3 Management processA construction process with the purpose of planning,administration or assessing

construction processes, resources or results

F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.16 Management processConstruction process with the purpose of planning, administration or assessing

process, Measurement: see Measurement processprocess, Qualification: see Qualification processProcess standard: see standard, Process

process, WorkSTANDARD REFERENCER: F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.20 Work processPredominant construction process which results in a work result

process, Work section STANDARD REFERENCER: F1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.3.4 Work section processThe predominant construction process which results in a work result

Processable model: see model, Processableprocessing, Automatic data: see Data processingprocessing, Batch: see Batch processingprocessing, Data: see Data processingprocessing, Information: see Information processingprocessing, Interactive: see Interactive processingprocessing, Language: see Language processingprocessing, Picture: see Picture processingprocessing system, Data: see system, Data processingprocessing system, Information: see system, Information processingprocessing, Terminology: see Terminology processingprocessing, Text: see Text processing

Processing unitSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.01 Processing unit; Central processing unit CPUA functional unit that consist of one or more processors and their internal storages

NOTE In English, the term processor is often used synonymously with processing unit

processing, Word: see Text processing

ProcessorSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.08 ProcessorIn a computer, a functional unit that interprets and executes instructions

NOTE A processor consists of a least an instruction control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit

processor, Information STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Information processorThe mechanism that in response to a command executesan action on the conceptual schema and/or information base

Product STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, E1, E3, E4, H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303:1994 3.2.26 ProductA thing or substance produced by a natural or artificial process

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.4 ProductResult of activities or processes

NOTES 1 A product may include service, hardware, processed materials, software or a combination

thereof2 A product can be tangible (e.g. assemblies or processed materials) or

intangible (e.g. knowledgeor concepts), or a combination thereof3 A product can be either intended (e.g. offering to customers) or unintended

(e.g. pollutant orunwanted effects)

product, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.4.17/2.10 Construction product(A) product, component or 'kit of part' intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in buildings or other construction entities

Product dataSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.27 Product dataA representation of information about a product in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human beings or by computers.

Product informationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.28 Product informationFacts, concepts, or instructions about a product.

Product information model: see model, Product information

Product liabilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.12 Product liabilityGeneric term used to describe the onus on a producer or others to make restitution for loss related to personal injury, property damage or other harm caused by a product

NOTE The legal and financial implications of product liability may vary from one jurisdiction to another

Product protectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Product standard: see standard, Product

Production?

Professional language: see language, ProfessionalProfessional language for informatics: see language for informatics, Professional

Profile STANDARD REFERENCER:

ProgramSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.01 Program; Computer programA syntactic unit that conforms to the rules of a particular programming language and that is composed of declarations and statements or instructions neede to solve a certain function, task, or problem

program, Application: see software, Applicationprogram, Computer: see Program; Computer programprogram, Support: see Support program

program (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.05.02 program (to); code (to) (deprecated in this sense)To design, write, modify, and test programs

program, SpreadsheetSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.21 Spreadsheet programA program that displays a table of cells arranges in rows and columns, in which the change of the contents of one cell can cause recomputation of one or more cells based

on user-defined relations among the cells

Programmable terminal: see terminal, Programmable

Programming STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 The designing, writing, modifying, and testing of programs

Programming language: see language, Programming

Project

Project management: see management, ProjectProject stage: see stage, Projectproject, Standardization: see Standardization projectproject, Terminology: see Terminology project

ProjectionSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

PropertySTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.12 PropertyA real world characteristic which is represented by either attributes or constraints.

ORDFORKLARINGER 6-7 FRA WD:Property 1) that which a person owns; the possession or possessions of a particular owner. SYNONYMER: belongings, PROPERTY, CHATTELS, EFFECTS, ESTATE, GOODS are terms for material things which are owned. PROPERTY is the general word. CHATTELS........ osvProperty 2) goods, land, etc. considered as possessions.Property 3) a place of land or real estate. SYNONYM: acreage.Property 4) ownership; right of possession, enjoyment, or disposal of anything, esp. of something tangible.Property 5) something at the disposal of a person, a group of persons, or the community or public.Property 6) an essential or distinctive attribute or quality of a thing.Property 7) Logic. a. any attribute or characteristic. b. (in Aristotelian usage) an attribute not essential to a species but necessarily connected with it. SYNONYM: feature. See qualityProperty 8) Theat.

Property (as Possession)LYKEION REFERENCER: 4.12

ORDFORKLARINGER 1-5 FRA WD:Property 1) that which a person owns; the possession or possessions of a particular owner. SYNONYMER: belongings, PROPERTY, CHATTELS, EFFECTS, ESTATE, GOODS are

terms for material things which are owned. PROPERTY is the general word. CHATTELS........ osvProperty 2) goods, land, etc. considered as possessions.Property 3) a place of land or real estate. SYNONYM: acreage.Property 4) ownership; right of possession, enjoyment, or disposal of anything, esp. of something tangible.Property 5) something at the disposal of a person, a group of persons, or the community or public.Property 6) an essential or distinctive attribute or quality of a thing.Property 7) Logic. a. any attribute or characteristic. b. (in Aristotelian usage) an attribute not essential to a species but necessarily connected with it. SYNONYM: feature. See qualityProperty 8) Theat.

property, ExtrinsicSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

property, IntrinsicSTANDARD REFERENCER. E4

property, Reference-value scale of a quantity orSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.21 Reference-value scale (of a quantity or property)For a given quantity or property, a series of values determined in a defined manner and adopted by convention.

EXAMPLESa) the International Practical temperature Scale based on the freezing and

boiling points of a seriesof specified pure substances and on the use of specified measuring instruments

and interpolationformulae;

b) the Mohs hardness scale based on the hardness of a series of specified minerals;

c) the Richter earthquake scale.

Proposition STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 PropositionA conceivable state of affairs concerning entities about which it is possible to assert or deny that such a state of affairs holds for those entities

proposition, necessarySTANDARD REFERENCER: D4Proposition worldSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

protection, Data: see Data protection

Protection of the environment: see environment, Protection ofprotection, Product: see Product protection

protocol, Application STANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303:1994 3.2.7 Application protocolA part of this International Standard that specifies an application interpreted modle satisfying the scope and information requirements for a specific application

NOTE This definition differs from the definition used in open system interconnection (OSI) standards.

However, since this International Standard is not intended to be used directly with OSI

communications, no confusion should arise

Protocol implementaion conformance statementSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

ProvisionSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIOENR, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 7.1 ProvisionExpression in the content of a normative document, that takes the form of a statement, an instruction, a recommendation or a requirement

NOTE These types of provision are distringuished by the form of wording they employ, e.g. instructions

are expressed in the imperative mood, recommendations by the use of the auxilliary 'should' and

requirements by the use of the auxillary 'shall'

provision, Descriptive: see Descriptive provisionprovision, Performance: see Performance provisionpublishing, Computer-aided: see Electronic publishingpublishing, Desktop: see Electronic publishingpublishing, Electronic: see Electronic publishing

PurchaserSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.11 PurchaserCustomer in a contractual situation

NOTE The purchaser is sometimes referred to as the 'business second party'

Purpose

Q

Qualification

Qualification processSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.13 Qualification process; QualificationProcess of demonstrating whether an entity is capable of fulfilling specified requirements

NOTE The term 'qualification' is sometimes used to designate this process

Qualified ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.14 QualifiedStatus given to an entity when the capability of fulfilling specified requirements has been demonstrated

QualifierSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Qualitative identity: see identity, Qualitative

Quality STANDARD REFERENCER: B2, C1, H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.3-02 QualityEntirety of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs

C1 CEN/TC 311 PTO1 3.50 Quality1) The totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. (ISO 8402:1991)

2) A distinguishing aspect of an element associated with the nature of how and why it belongs to a particular area (sometimes called an attribute, characteristic, property or feature).

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.1 QualityTotality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs.

NOTES 1 In a contractual environment, or in a regulated environment, such as the nuclear safety field,

needs are specified, whereas in other environments, implied needs should be identified and defined

2 In many instances, needscan change with time; this implies a periodic review of requirements for

quality3 Needs are usually translated into characteristics with specified criteria (see

requirements forquality). Needs may include, for example, aspects of performance, usability,

dependability(availability, reliability, maintainability), safety, enviroment (see requirements of

society,economics and aesthetics4. The term 'quality' should not be used as a single term to express a degree of

exellence in acomparative sense, nor should it be used in a quantitive sense for technical

evaluations. To expressthese meanings, a qualifying adjective should be used. For example, use can be

made of thefollowing terms:a) 'relative quality' where entities are ranked on a relative basis in the degree of

exellence orcomparative sense (not to be confused with grade);b) 'quality level' in a quantitative sense (as used in acceptance sampling) and

'quality measure'where precise technical evaluations are carried out5 The achievement of satisfactory quality involves all stages of the quality loop

as a whole. Thecontribution to quality of these various stages are sometimes identified

separately for emphasis; forexample, quality due to product design, quality due to conformance, quality due

to product supportthroughout its lifetime6 In som references, quality is referred to as 'fitness for use' or 'fitness for

purpose' or 'customersatisfaction' or 'conformance to the requirements'. These represent only certain

facets of quality,as defined above

KvalitetHelheden af karakteristika ved en entitet, som vedrører dens evne til at opfylde specificerede og underforståede behov.

NOTER 1 Under kontraktmæssige forhold eller på et reguleret område, som fx nuklearsikkerhedsområdet,

er behov specificerede, hvorimod underforståede behov i andre situationer bør identificeres og

defineres.2 I mange tilfælde kan behovene ændre sig med tiden. Det indebærer periodisk

gennemgang afkvalitetskravene.3 Behov er sædvanligvis oversat til karakteristika med specificerede kriterier (se

kvalitetskrav).Behov kan fx indeholde aspekter vedr. præstation, anvendelighed, pålidelighed

(tilgængelighed,funktionssikkerhed, vedligeholdelsesvenlighed), sikkerhed, miljø (se

samfundskrav), økonomi ogæstetik.4 Udtrykket 'kvalitet' bruges ikke som en enkelt term til at udtrykke en grad af

fortrinlighed isammenlignende betydning. Det bør heller ikke bruges i kvantitiv betydning til

tekniskevurderinger. For at udtrykke disse betydninger bør der anvendes et

kvalificerende (uddybende)tillægsord. Fx kan følgende udtryk anvendes:a) 'relativ kvalitet', hvor entiteter bliver rangordnet efter grad af fortrinlighed

eller sammenlignende betydning (ikke at forveksle med klasse);

b) 'kvalitetsniveau' i kvantitativ forstand (som anvendt i forbindelse med stikprøveudtagning for godkendelse) og 'kvalitetsegenskab', hvor der udføres

præcise tekniske vurderinger.5 Opnåelse af tilfredsstillende kvalitet involverer alle stadier af kvalitetssløjfen

som et hele.Bidrag til kvalitet fra disse forskellige stadier bliver undertiden identificeret

enkeltvis for atfremhæve dem; fx kvalitet ud fra definition af behov, kvalitet ud fra udviklings-/konstruktionsresultat (produkt), kvalitet ud fra overensstemmelse og kvalitet ud

fra produktsupporti hele dets livscyklus.6 I nogle litteraturkilder bliver kvalitet omtalt som 'brugsegnethed' (fitness for

use),'formålsegnethed' (fitness for purpose) eller 'kundetilfredshed' (customer

satisfaction). Disse udtrykrepræsenterer kun visse facetter af begrebet kvalitet som defineret ovenfor.

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.1.2 Quality oThe totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability tosatisfy stated or implied needs

(o This term has been defined in ISO 8402, Quality - Vocabulary etc)

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Quality 1) a characteristic, property, or attribute. SYNONYMER: trait, character, feature. QUALITY, ATTRIBUTE, PROPERTY agree in meaning a particular characteristic (of a person or thing). A QUALITY is a characteristic, innated or acquired, which, in some particular, determines the nature and behavior of a person or thing. AN ATTRIBUTE was originally a quality attributed, usually to a person or something personified; more recently it has meant a fundamental or innate characteristic. PROPERTY applies only to things; it means a characteristic belonging specifically in the constitution of, or found (invariably) in, the behavior of a thing; physical properties of uranium or of limestone.Quality 2) character or nature, as belonging to or distinguishing a thing.Quality 3) character with respect to excellence, fineness, etc., or grade of excellence. SYNONYM: nature, kind, grade, sort, condition.Quality 4) high grade; superior excellence.Quality 5) native excellence or superiority.Quality 6) an accomplishment or attainment.Quality 7) good or high social position.Quality 8) the superiority or distinction associated with high social position.Quality 9) Acustics. Quality 10) Phonet.Quality 11) Logic. the character of a proposition as affirmative or negative.Quality 12) (in saturated steam) the percentage of vapor by weight.Quality 13) Archaic. a. social status or position. b. a person of high social position. A.Quality 14) of or having superior quality.Quality 15) of or occupying high social status.

Quality assuranceSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 3.5 Quality assuranceAll the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfil requirements for quality

NOTES 1 There are both internal and external purposes for quality assurance:a) internal quality assurance: within an organization, quality assurance provides

confidence to themanagement;b) external quality assurance: in contractual or other situations,quality

assurance providesconfidence to the customers or others2 Some quality control and quality assurance actions are interrelated3 Unless requirements for quality fully reflect the eeds of the user, quality

assurance may notprovide adequate confidence

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.1.4 Quality assurance oAll those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product, process, or service will satisfy given requirements for quality

(o This term has been defined in ISO 8402, Quality - Vocabulary etc.)

Quality assurance of hospital apparatusLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.83

Quality controlSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 3.4 Quality controlOperational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality

NOTES 1 Quality control involves operational techniques and activities aimed both at monitoring a process

and at eliminating causes of unsatisfactory performance at all stages of the quality loop in order to

achieve economic effectiveness

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.1.5 Quality control oOperational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality


quality control, TotalSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

quality, Data: see Data quality

Quality levelSTANDARD REFERENCER: J2

Quality management

STANDARD REFERENCER: H1

quality management, TotalSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Quality manualSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Quality measureSTANDARD REFERENCER: J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.1.9 Quality measureA quantitative measure of one or more quality characteristics

NOTES 1 Two or more quality measures may be required to specify one aspect of quality

2 Quantitative measures may take a variety of forms, such as physical and chemical measurement,

the percentage of products not conforming to specifications, a demerit index, etc. Quality measures

are used in technical applications in order to provide needed analytical information useful for

control and acceptance purposes. Some are used toevaluate the conformance of individual items to

specifications, while others are used to interpret quality in terms of the percentage of conforming

or nonconforming items in a lot, etc.

Quality planSTANDARD REFERENCER. H1

Quality policySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

quality, Requirements for: see Requirements for quality

Quality system: see system, Quality

Quantity STANDARD REFERENCER: D5, J1, L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-2:1993 3.1 Quantity (measurable) 5An attribute of a phenomenon, body or substance, which may be distinguished qualitively and determined quantitively

NOTES See NOTES in DS 2344

L1 DS 2344 1.01 Quantity (measurable)An attribute of a phenomenon, body or substance, which may be distinguished qualitively and determined quantitively

NOTES 1. The term 'quantity' may refer to a quantity in a general sense (see examples a) or to a specific

quantity (see examples b).

2. Quantities which are mutually comparable may be grouped together intocategories of quantities, for example:- work, heat, energy;- thickness, circumference, wavelength

3. Symbols for quantities are given in ISO 31

EXAMPLESa) quantities in a general sense: length, time, mass, temperature,electrical resistance

b) specific quantities: length of a particular rod, electrical resistance of a particular wire

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Quantity 1) a particular indefinite, or considerable amount of anything.Quantity 2) amount or measure.Quantity 3) considerable or great amount.Quantity 4) Math. a. the property of magnitude involving comparability with other magnitudes. b. something having magnitude, or size, volume, area, or length.Quantity 5) Music.Quantity 6) Logic. the character of a proposition as singular, universal, particular, or mixed, according to the presence or absence of certain kinds of quantifiers.Quantity 7) that amount, degree, etc., in terms of which another is greater or lesser.Quantity 8) Pros., Phonet.Quantity 9) Law.

quantity, BaseSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.02 Base quantityOne of the quantities which, in a system of quantities, are conventionally accepted as independent of each other.

quantity, Conventional true value of aSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.19 Conventional true value (of a quantity)A value of a quantity which, for a given purpose, may be substituted for the true value

NOTE A conventional true value is, in general, regarded as sufficiently close to the true value for the

difference to be insignificant for the given purpose

EXAMPLEwithin an organization, the value assigned to a reference standard may be taken

as theconventional true valueof the quantity realized by the standard

quantity, Derived

STANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.03 Derived quantityA quantity defined, in a system of quantities, as a function of base quantities of that system.

quantity, Dimension of aSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.04 Dimension of a quantityAn expression which represents a quantity of a system of quantities as the product of powers of the base quantities of the system.

EXAMPLELMT-5 is the dimension of force in the system of quantities length, mass and

time (l, m, t).

quantity, DimensionlessSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.05 Dimensionless quantityA quantity in the expression of which the exponents of the base quantities, in a given system, are zero.

EXAMPLESlinear strain, coefficient of friction, refractive index are dimensionless quantities

in the system ofquantities l, m, t.

quantity, Numerical value of aSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.20 Numerical value (of a quantity)The number in the value of a quantity

EXAMPLESin the examples in 1.17 quantity, Value of a, the numbers:5,3; 12; -40

quantity or property, Reference-value scale of aSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.21 Reference-value scale (of a quantity or property)For a given quantity or property, a series of values determined in a defined manner and adopted by convention.EXAMPLES

a) the International Practical temperature Scale based on the freezing and boiling points of a series

of specified pure substances and on the use of specified measuring instruments

and interpolationformulae;

b) the Mohs hardness scale based on the hardness of a series of specified minerals;

c) the Richter earthquake scale.

quantity, True value of aSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.18 True value (of a quantity)The value which characterizes a quantity perfectly defined, in the conditions which exist when that quantity is considered

NOTE The true value of a quantity is an ideal concept and, in general, cannot be known exactly. Indeed,

quantum effects may preclude the existence of a unique true value

quantity, Value of aSTANDARD REFERENCER: L1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:L1 DS 2344 1.17 Value (of a quantity)The expression of a quantity in terms of a number and an appropriate unit of measurement

EXAMPLES5,3 m; 12 kg; -40C.

quantities, Categories of: see quantity, (Measurable) NOTE 2quantities, Symbols for: see quantity, (Measurable) NOTE 3quantities, System of: see quantity, Base and quantity, DerivedQuasi synonymy: see synonymy, QuasiQuery language: see language, Query

R Random variable: see variable, Random

Ranking (Information retrieval)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.10/7.10 RankingAssigning weight factors to answers according to their relevance with respect to the corresponding search query

rating, Term acceptability: see Term acceptability ratingRaw material: see material, Raw

Read VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.1/8.1 ReadAccuire data from a data medium leaving the data unchanged


Realize V

Reasonableness check: see Plausibility check

RecommendationSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 7.4 RecommendationProvision that conveys advice or guidance

RecordSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B4, D5, H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.9/6.9 RecordSet of data elements treated as a unit(ISO 2382-4:1987)

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 3.15 RecordDocument which furnishes objective evidence of activities performed or results achieved

NOTES 1 A quality record provides objective evidence of the extent of the fulfilment of the requirements for

quality (e.g. product quality record) or the effectiveness of the operation of a quality system

element (e.g. quality system record)2 Some of the purposes of quality records are demonstration, traceability and

preventive andcorrective actions3 A record can be written or stored on any data medium

Recorded information: see information, Recorded

RecyclingSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER.I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 RecyclingSet of processes for reclaiming material that would otherwise be disposed of as a material input a product or service system

NOTE 1 Reclaiming material output from a product system for use as an input to another system is called

open loop recycling

NOTE 2 Reclaiming material output froma product system for use as an input to the same system is called

closed loop recycling

Reduced form: see Compressed form

ReferenceSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8, B2, B4, D5, G1

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:Reference1. Respect-Regard-Relation-Connection-Concern2. Allusion-Intimation-Hint-Ascription-Citation; Reference mark-Relegation

reference, Character: see Character referenceReference form: see Base form

reference, Frame ofORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Frame of reference 1. a structure of concepts, values, customs, views, etc., by means of which an individual or group perceives or evaluates data, communicates ideas, and regulates behavior.Frame of reference 2. Also called reference frame. Physics. a framework that is used for the observation and mathematical describtion of physical phenomena and the formulation of physical laws, usually consisting of an observer, a coordinate system, and a clock or clocks assigning times at positions with respect to the coordinate system.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(efter engelsk frame of reference) den baggrund (struktur) af synspunkter, begreber, sædvaner osv. på hvilken man opfatter, vurderer el. optræder; arbejdsområde; ressort.

Reference retrievalSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-06 Reference retrievalInformation retrieval limited to references

Reference to standardsSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Reference-value scale (of a quantity or property): see quantity, Reference-value scale of a

Regional standard: see standard, Regional

RegulationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, K1

Relation - see also relationshipSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A6, E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.4.1 Types of concept relationsConcepts do not exist as isolated units of thought but always in relation to each other. Our thought processes constantly create and refine the relations between concepts whether we formally acknowledge these relations or not.

In organizing concepts into concept systems, it is necessary to bear in mind the field of knowledge that gave rise to the concept and to consider the expectations and objectives of the target users. The subject field shall act as the framework within which the concept field, the set of related but unstructured concepts, is established.

To model a *concept system, the *concepts of the *concept field have to be examined and compared. Etc.

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 7.10 RelationDefinitionA representation of a user-defined relationship between two building blocksoo building block er forklaret i afsnit 6.1 under standardens definition og beskrivelse af Enterprise Object.

DescriptionA relation associates two or more constructs for which building block occurrences can be related for some period of time during the execution of Business Processes. Its purpose is to model the dynamic and other associations between run-time occurrences of modelling entities. Reflexive relations are allowed, i.e. a relation can be created between a modelling entity and itself.

The relation type designates the set of building blocks that are connected by it.

Etc.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Relation 1) an existing connection; a significant association between or among things. SYNONYMER: relationship; tie, link.Relations 2) a. the various connections between peoples, countries, etc. b. the various connections in which persons are brought together. c. sexual intercourse. SYNONYM: association.Relation 3) the mode or kind of connection between one person and another, between man and God, etc.

Relation 4) connection between persons by blood or marriage. SYNONYMER: relationship, kinship.Relation 5) a person who is related by blood or marriage; relative.Relation 6) reference; regard; respect.Relation 7) the act of relating, narrating, or telling; narration. SYNONYMER: recitation, recital, description.Relation 8) a narrative; account. SYNONYMER: report, story, chronicle, tale, history.Relation 9) Law. a principle whereby effect is given to an act done at one time as if it had been done at a previous time.Relation 10) Math. a. a property which associates two quantities in a definite order, as equality or inequality. b. a many-valued function.relation, Associative (see also relation, Pragmatic)STANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A9, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.4.3 Associative relationsAssociative relations are non-hierarchical. An associative relation exists when a thematic connection can be established between concepts by virtue of experience.

Some associative relations exist when dependence is established between concepts with respect to their proximity in space and time. These relationsmay involve raw material - product, action - equipment/tool, quantity - unit, material - property, material - state, matter/substance - property, concrete item - shape, action - target, action - place/location, action - actor, etc. Some relations involve events in time such as a process dependent on time or sequence; other relate cause and effect.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.18 Associative relation; Pragmatic relationRelation between two concepts having a non-hierarchical thematic connection by virtue of experience.

EXAMPLES 'education'-'teaching', 'baking'-'oven'.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.23 Associative relation; Pragmatic relationRelation between two concepts having a non-hierarchical thematic connection by virtue of experience

EXAMPLES 'education'-'teaching', 'baking'-'oven'.

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Associativ relationSammenhæng mellem begreber eller klasser, hvor sammenhængen er hverken en hierarkisk relation eller en ækvivalensrelation.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.7 Associative relationRelation between concepts referring to referents that have a non hierarchical proximity.

A.1.3.3 Associative relationsAssociative relations include a wide range of non-hierarchical relations; they are common e.g. between concepts concerning activities, processes, places and time.

EXAMPLES

1) activity / actor2) activity / location3) cause / effect4) object / location5) quantity / unit

Associative relations can be combined as in:6) object / location / cause7) activity / object / location

In special languages concepts usually are expressed by terms. In health-care, however, there is a

frequent need to describe concepts that do not have terms and are expressed by terminological

phrases, as:8) object / means (bypass coronary artery using mammary artery)9) object / location (cyst in the kidney)

Etc.

relation, CausalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.21 Causal relationSequential relation involving cause and its effect.

EXAMPLES 'kill' - 'die', 'explosion' - 'fall-out'.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.26 Causal relationAssociative relation involving cause and its effect

EXAMPLE'action' - 'reaction', 'nuclear explosion' - 'fall-out'

relation, Concept: see Relation

relation, EquivalentialSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 ÆkvivalensrelationDen relation mellem ord og termer, at de i betydningsmæssig henseende kan erstatte hinanden. Der er ækvivalensrelation mellem synonymer og mellem nærsynonymer, men der tales også om ækvivalensrelation mellem ord tilhørende hver sit sprog.

relation, Extrinsic

relation, GenericSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A8, A9, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.4.2.2 Generic relationsA generic relation exists between two concepts when the intension of the subordinate concept includes the intension of the superordinate concept plus at least one additional

delimiting characteristic. The superordinate concept in a generic relation is called the generic concept and the subordinate concept is called the specific concept.

In a generic relation, there is an inverse relationship between the intension of a concept and its extension. Hence, if a concept has a narrow intension, its extension will be relatively broader and, inversely, if the intension is broad, the extension will be relatively narrower.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.7.1.1 Generic relation Hierarchical relation which is based on the partial identity of the intensions of generic, specific and co-ordinate concepts.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.16 Generic relation (Genus-species relation)Hierarchical relation in which the intension of the superordinate concept is contained as a subset in that of the subordinate concept.A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.26 Generic relation(Genus-species relation) (deprecated)Relation between a superordinate concept and a subordinate concept where the intension of the former is contained as a subset in the latter.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.21 Generic relation; Genus-species relationRelation between two concepts where the intension of one of the concepts includes that of the other concept and at least one additional delimiting characteristic

EXAMPLES'pronoun' - 'word', 'car' - 'vehicle', 'child' - 'person'

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Generisk relationBegrebsmæssig sammenhæng mellem en klasse og dens medlemmer, fx en blomsterslægt og dens arter. Det samme som en genus-speciesrelation.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.5 Generic relationRelation between a superordinate concept and a subordinate concept where the intension of the former is contained as a subset in the latter.

NOTE This definition is taken from the current revision of A ISO/CD 1087-1.

A.1.3.1 Generic relationsA generic relation exists when the subordinate concept (e.g. 'sickle cells') has all the characteristics of the superordinate concept (e.g. 'red blood cells') plus at least one differentiating characteristic that delimits its extension. A superordinate concept is divided into several subordinate concepts.

A generic system of concepts is based on generic relations between concepts. The generic system of concepts often consists of several levels, that is, any subordinate concepts may serve as a superordinate concept to sub-subordinate concepts and so on. Any concept can be divided in more than one way based on different semantic links, producing different subdivisions; e.g. the subdivision of a certain <disease> can be based on 'location', another on 'cause', or 'severity'. Subordinate concepts classified according to the same differentiating criterion are called coordinate concepts.

When the subordinate concepts are classified according to more than one semantic link, the system of concepts is considered to be polydimensional (see figure A.2). In this case,

motivated (A.1.1) placeholders are commonly used in listings, to cluster coordinate concepts.

relation, Genus-species: see relation, Generic

relation, HierarchicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A6, A7, A9, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.4.2.1 Types of hierarchical relationsIn a hierarchical relation, concepts are organized into levels where the superordinate concept is subdivided into at least one subordinate concept. Subordinate concepts at the same level and having the same criterion of subdivision are called coordinate concepts. Concepts are superordinate, subordinate or coordinate, not on their own, but always in relation to each other in a hierarchy.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.7.1 Hierarchical relationRelation between concepts which is established by division of a superordinate concept into subordinate concepts forming one or more levels, or by the reverse process.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.15 Hierarchical relationRelation between two concepts arranged in a graded order.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.20 Hierarchical relationRelation between two concepts which is either generic or partitive

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Hierarkisk relationSammenhæng mellem begreber eller klasser, hvor disse strukturelt kan opstilles i et hierarki. Generisk relation og partitiv relation er hierarkiske relationer.

relation, Intrinsic

relation, Non-hierarchicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.7.2 Non-hierarchcal relation

NOTE There are other non-hierarchical relations besides the ones defined in 3.7.2.1 and 3.7.2.2.

relation, Part-whole: see relation, Partitive

relation, PartitiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A8, A9, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.4.2.3 Partitive relationsA partitive relation is said to exist when the superordinate concept represents awhole, while the subordinate concepts represent parts of that whole. The parts come together to form the whole. The superordinate concept in a partitive relation is called the comprehensive concept and the subordinate concepts is called the partitive concept.

Subordinate concepts at the same level and having the same dimension are also called coordinate concepts.

Partitive relations also can be expressed as vertical and horizontal series.

The parts that make up the whole may be similar in nature (e.g., atom in an oxygen molecule) or distinctly different from each other. One or more parts may be compulsory (i.e., essential) or optional (i.e., non-essential). Some parts are not essential but delimiting in that they allow the whole to be distinguished from other similar comprehensive *concepts. Some parts may be multiple (e.g., concept of 'page' as part of a book) or variable within a range (e.g., a pen has as a part either an ink reservoir, an ink cartridge or an ink refill).

In order to identify the essential characteristics of the partitive concepts, it is necessary to determine the intension of the comprehensive concept first.

A partitive concept system does not always allow for a complete analysis of a concept. I a partitive concept is not particular to the comprehensive concept, then the extension is incomplete and essential characteristics of the intension may be lacking. A partitive concept shall be defined on the basis of a partitive relation only if the complete extensionand the essential characteristics of the intension can be determined.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.7.1.2 Partitive relationHierarchical relation in which the superordinate concept refers to an object and the subordinate concepts to parts of it.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.17 Partitive relation (Part-whole relation)Hierarchical relation in which the intension of the superordinate concept covers an object as a whole and the subordinate concept one particular part of this object.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.27 Partitive relation (Part-whole relation) (deprecated)Relation in which the superordinate concept refers to an object as a whole and the subordinate concepts to the parts of this object.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 Relation between two concepts where on of the concepts coversan object as a whole and the other concepta part of that whole

EXAMPLES'word' - 'letter', 'molecule' - 'atom'

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Partitiv relationBegrebsmæssig sammenhæng mellem en helhed og dens dele. Det samme som en del-helhedsrelation og en helhed-delrelation.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.6 Partitive relationRelation in which the superordinate concept refers to an object as a whole and the subordinate concepts to the parts of this object.

NOTE 1 This definition is taken from the current revision of A ISO/CD 1087-1.NOTE 2 Generic relations and partitive relations are hierarchical relations.

A.1.3.2 Partitive relationsA partitive relation exists when the superordinate concept relates to a whole, while the

subordinate concepts relate to parts of that whole. As with generic system of concepts, a partitive system of concepts may consist of several levels of coordinate concepts (see figure A.3).

relation, Pragmatic (see also relation, Associative)STANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.7.2.2 Pragmatic relationRelation between concepts which can be established on the basis of thematic connections.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.29 Pragmatic relationRelation between concepts, which can be established on the basis of thematic connections.

EXAMPLES 'education'-'teaching', 'baking'-'oven'

relation, SemanticSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Semantisk relationBetydningssammenhæng mellem ord i en ordbog, en ordliste, en tesaurus eller lignende. Af særlig vigtighed for indeksering og informationssøgning er generisk relation (overbegreb-underbegreb), partitiv relation (del-helhed), antonymi (som fx mellem ruhed og glathed) og synonymi. Men også andre semantiske relationer kan have interesse, som årsag-virkning (glathed-udskridning) eller forløb (skoleelev-studerende-kandidat). Er det samme som en paradigmatisk relation.

relation, SequentialSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.7.2.1 Sequential relationRelation of dependence between concepts referring to objects which have a spatial or temporal contiguity.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.19 Sequential relationAssociative relation based on spatial or temporal proximity.

EXAMPLES 'weaving' - 'cloth', 'production' - 'consumption'.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.28 Sequential relationRelation between concepts referring to objects that have a spatial or temporal proximity.

EXAMPLES 'cause'-'effect, 'producer'-'product'

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.14 Sequential relation

Associative relation based on spatial or temporal proximity

EXAMPLE'production' - 'comsumption'

relation, SyntacticSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Syntaktisk relationSammenhæng mellem ord i kraft af deres forekomst i samme tekst. Inden for BDI også brugt om relationer mellem emneord (indekstermer) eller klassemærker, der ved emnebeskrivelsen af et dokument forbindes til en streng. Både i sådanne strenge og i naturligt sprog er syntaktiske relationer ofte markeret ved leddenes rækkefølge, fx facetrækkefølge, eller ved ordstillingen: A underviser B, forskelligt fra B underviser A. Er det samme som en syntagmatisk relation.

relation, TemporalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.20 Temporal relationSequential relation involving events in time.

EXAMPLE 'spring' - 'summer' -'autumn' - 'winter'.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.25 Temporal relationAssociative relation involving events in time

EXAMPLE'spring' - 'summer' - 'autumn' - 'winther'

relations, Term-conceptSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

relations, Types of concept: see Relations

RelationshipSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSERA1 ISO 704:1987 3.4 Relationships between conceptsIn terminology, concepts are always considered to be related to other concepts. For practical terminology work two types of relationships can be distinguished: hierarchical and non-hierarchical.

E4 DS/ENV 12204:1996 5.10 RelationshipA relationship is an association (semantic or user-defined link) between two or more entities which is significant for some intended purpose. The large magnitude, diversity and complexity of an enterprise modelling is likely to generate a substantial and diverse set of relationships.

An example relationship between components of an enterprise model might be that

between a part and the machine which is used to produce it or betwwen a worker and the order to which he or she has been assigned, as in: Produced_by (Part, Machine), Works_at (Worker, Order).

Four kinds of relationships are of particular significance:

- Kind of: that between a specification and its generalisation (see subclause 5.8)- Part of: that between constituent parts and the whole which is composed from

these (see subclause 5.9)- Behavioural: that between two constituent parts which have an association in

order to support some required behaviour or the role of one relative to the other.- User-defined: that between two constituent parts which have an application

dependent (and possibly time dependent) association.

relationship, Causal

relationship, ConditionalSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

relationships, GenericSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.4.1.1 Generic relationshipsGeneric relationships indicate that all concepts which belong to the category of the narrower concept (the species) are part of the extension of the broader concept (the genus). A narrower concept possesses all of the characteristics of the broader concept plus at least one additional distinguishing characteristic, which serves to differentiate narrower concepts of the same level of abstraction.relationships, HierarchicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.4.1 Hierarchical relationshipsA hierarchical relationship is one of superordination and subordination of concepts. A super concept is called a broader concept, an an subordinate one a narrower concept.

In practice two main types of hierarchical relationships can ce distinguished.- generic relationships;- partitive relationships.

NOTE In some schools of terminology only generic relationships are classified as hierarchical.

A sequence of subordinate concepts forms a vertical sequence.

Concepts which are differentiated at the same level of abstraction form a horizontal sequence of concepts.

relationships, Non-hierarchicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987

3.4.2 Non-hierarhical relationshipsNon-hierarchical relationships are such relationships as contiguity in time, space or of causal connection.

EXAMPLEScause- effectbefore - afterleft - rightup - down

They may also represent stages of a process, for example development, production, legal proceedings, administrative procedure. Concepts of this type often but not always represent actions which may be subdivided into partitive actions taking place consecutively or simultaneously.

The following relationships can be also classified as non-hierarchical relationships: producer-product, material-product, tool-application of tool, etc.

relationships, PartitiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.4.1.2 Partitive relationshipsA partitive relationship is the relationship between a whole and its parts.

Since, in a partitive relationship, the concept of the part depends on the concept of the whole, it cannot be defined prior to the definition of the concept of the whole. One cannot define 'an automobile engine' before one defines 'an automobile'.

Concepts which are in a partitive relationship can form horizontal and vertical series which are similar to the horizontal and vertical series formed by generic relationships.

relationships, SequencingSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Relative portions: see portions, RelativeRelative positions: see positions, RelativeRelease character: see character, ReleaseRenewable resource: see resource, RenewableRepeatable category: see category, RepeatableRepeating segment: see segment, Repeating

RepresentationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, C1, G1

representation of a classification, GraphicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 15 Graphical representation of a classificationA table of the concepts constituting a system of concepts in which the interrelations between the concepts are shown by a pyramid-like arrangement (= by a family tree)

Representation of a conceptSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6


A6 ISO 1087:1990 5.3 Representation of a concept5.3.1 Designation, see Designation5.3.1.1 Symbol, see Symbol5.3.1.2 Term; see Term5.3.1.3 Name, see Name

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Representation 1. the act of representation.Representation 2. the state of being represented.Representation 3. the expression or designation by some term, character, symbol, or the like.Representation 4. action or speech on behalf of a person, group, business house, state, or the like by an agent, deputy, or representative.Representation 5. the state or fact of being so represented: to demand representation on a board of directors.Representation 6. Govt. the state, fact, or right of being represented by delegates having a voice in legislation or government.Representation 7. the body or number of representatives, as of a constituency.Representation 8. DiplomacyRepresentation 9. presentation to the mind, as of an idea or image.Representation 10. a mental image or idea so presented; concept.Representation 11. the act of portrayal, picturing, or other rendering in visible form.Representation 12. a picture, figure, statue, etc..Representation 13. the production or a performance of a play or the like, as on the stage.Representation 14. Often, representations. a description or statement, as the things true or alleged.Representation 15. a statement of facts, reasons, etc., made in appealing or protesting; a protest or remonstrance.Representation 16. Law.....

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF(for dårlig kvalitet!)

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Exhibition-Delineation-Show.2. Personation-Impersonation-Simulation.3. Description-Account-Narration-Relation-Narrative-Statement.4. Likeness-Semblance-Image-Portraiture-Model-Resemblance.5. Acting for others-Supplying another's place.6. Body of delegates or deputies.7. Spectacle-Sight-Public exhibition.8. Remonstrance-Expostulation.

representation, GraphicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

representation, Knowledge: see Knowledge representationRepresentation of attributes: see Attributes

ReprographySTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-15 ReprographyReproduction of the image of a document

Requirement

STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 7.5 RequirementProvision that conveys criteria to be fulfilled

requirememt, Conformance: see Conformance requirement

Requirements for qualitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.3 Requirements for qualityExpression of the needs or their translation into a set of quantitatively or qualitatively stated requirements for the characteristics of an entity to enable its realization and examination

NOTES 1 It is crucial that the requirements for quality fully reflect the stated and implied needs of the

customer2 The term 'requirements' covers market-based and contractual as well as an

organization'sinternal requirements. They may be developed, detailed and updated at

different planning stages3 Quantitatively stated requirements for the characteristics include, for instance,

nominal values,rated values, limiting deviations and tolerances4 The requirements for quality should be expressed in functional terms and

documented

Requirements model levelSTANDARD REFERNCER: E4

Requirements of societySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.4 Requirements of the societyObligations resulting from laws, regulations, rules, codes, statutes and other considerations

NOTES 1 'Other considerations' include notably protection of the environment, health, safety, security,

conservation of energy and natural resources2 All requirements of society should be taken into account when defining the

requirements forquality3 Requirements of society include jurisdictional an regulatory requirements.

These may vary fromone jurisdiction to another

requirement, Performane (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984

4.5 Performance requirementUser requirement expressed in terms of the performance of a product

requirement, User (Construction Industri application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.3 User requirementStatement of need to be fulfilled (by a building)

Reserved words: see words, Reserved

Resource STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, D1, E3, E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.23 Resource; Computer resourceAny element of a data processing system needed to perform required operations

EXAMPLEStorage devices, input-output units, one or more processing units, data files,

and programs

ressource, Application STANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994

resource, Computer: see Resource; Computer resource

Resource constructSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.31 Resource constructA collection of EXPRESS language entitites, types, functions, rules and references that together define a valid description of an aspect of product data

resource, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.4/2.11 Construction resource(A) construction object used in a construction process to achieve a construction result

resource dictionary system, Information: se system, Information resource dictionary

resource, GenericSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.18 Generic resource

An integrated resource whose contents are context-independent

resource, IntegratedSTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.22 Integrated resourceA part of this International Standard that defines a group of resource constructs used as the basis for product data

resource, Non renewableSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 Non renewable resourceNatural resource that cannot be replaced, regenerated or brought back to its original state once it has been extracted

resource, RenewableSTANDARD REFERENCER: I2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:I2 ISO/CD 14040.2:1995 Renewable resourceNatural resource that is capable of regeneration

Responsive ADJ

Result

result, Construction STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.2/2.12 Construction result(A) construction object which is formed or changed in state as the result of one or more construction process utilising one or more construction resource

result, TestSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 3.7 Test resultThe value of a characteristic obtained by carrying out a specific test method

NOTE The test method should specify that one or a number of individual observations be made, and

their average or another appropriate function (such as the median or the standard deviation) be

reported as the test result. It may also require standard corrections to be applied, such as

correction of gas volumes to standard temperature and pressure. Thus a test result can be a result

calculated from several observed values. In the simple case, the test result is

the observed valueitself

result, WorkSTANDARD REFERENCER: F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.21 Work resultConstruction result achieved in the production stage or by subsequent alteration, maintenance, or demolition processes and identified by one or more of the following: the particular skill or trade involved; the construction resources used; the part of the construction entity which results; the temporary work or preparatory or completion work which results.

result, Work section STANDARD REFERENCER: F1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.2.5 Work section resultA construction result achieved in the production stage or by subsequent alteration, maintenance, or demolition processes and identified by one or more of the following:

- the particular skill or trade involved- the construction resources used- the part of the construction entity which results- the temporary work or preparatory or completion work which results.

RetrievalSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 RetrievalTo make known a sentence which has been inserted in the information base orconceptual schema, or is deducible from other sentences in the information baseor conceptual schema

retrieval, Document: see Document retrievalretrieval, Information: see Information retrievalretrieval, Reference: see Reference retrievalReverse alphabetical ordering: see alphabetical ordering, Reverse Reverse index: see index, Reversereview, Contract: see Contract reviewreview, Design: see Design reviewreview, Management: see Management review

RoboticsSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.13 RoboticsThe techniques involved in designing, building, and using robots

Role

Role (of a construct)STANDARD REFERENCER: E4

role, Playing a

RomanizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 Representation of non-Latin writing systems in the Latin alphabet by means of transliteration, transcription, or both

NOTE ISO 1087-1

Root-words: see words, Root-

Rotational velocity: see velocity, Rotational

Route

RoutineSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

Rule(s)STANDARD REFERENCER:

S SafetySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.8 SafetyState in which the risk of harm (to persons) or damage is limited to an acceptable level

NOTES 1 Safety is one of the aspects of quality2 The above definition is valid for the purposes of quality standards. The term

'safety' is defineddifferently in ISO/IEC Guide 2 (K1)

SampleSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993/ J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 4.2/2.1.1 SampleOne or more sampling units taken from a population and intended to provide information on the population

NOTE A sample may serve as a basis for a decision on the population or on the process which produced

it

Sampling unitSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993/ J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 4.1/1.3.3 Sampling unit(1) One of the individual units into which a population is divided

(2) A quantity of product, material or service forming a cohesive entity and taken from one place and at one time to form a part of a sample

NOTES 1 A sampling unit may contain more than one item to be tested, e.g. a packet of cigarettes, but one

test result will be obtained from it

2 The unit of a product may be a single item, a pair or a set of items, or it may be a specified

quantity of material such as a length of round brass rod, a volume of paint, or a weight of coal. It

need not to be the same as the unit of purchase, supply, production or shipment

scale (of a quantity or property), Reference-value: see quantity or property, Reference-value scaleSchedule of concepts: see concepts, Schedule of

Schema

schema, Conceptual STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Conceptual schemaA consistent collection of sentences expressing the necessary propositions that hold for a universe of discourse.

schema, DatabaseSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Database schemaThe definition of the representation forms and structure of a database for the possible collections of all sentences that are in the conceptual schema and information base including manipulation aspects of these forms

schema, ExternalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

schema, InternalSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

schema language, Conceptual: see language, Conceptual schemascheme, Calender: see Calender schemescheme, Clock: see Clock scheme

ScienceSTANDARD REFERENCER:

science, Archival: see Archival sciencescience, Computer: see Computer sciencescience, Information: see Information sciencescience, Library: see Library sciencescience, Terminology: see Terminology science

Search V (Information retrieval)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.7/7.7 SearchExamine automatically a set of data with the aim of extracting or matching elements that have agiven property

EXAMPLEExamining a set of names for all names beginning with J.

search, Free-text: see text search, Free-

Search key (Information retrieval)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.5/7.5 Search keyCharacter string used to provide access to a record

NOTE A search key may consist of a term, a word or part of a word/word part or a label

search, Stem: see Stem searchSearch word: see Search key

SegmentSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Segment codeSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

segment, data: see data segment

Segments directorySTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

segment, NestedSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

segment, RepeatingSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

segment, ServiceSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Segment tagSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

Segment terminatorSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

segment, User data: see data segment, Usersegment, Word: see Word segmentSelf-inspection: see inspection, Self-

SemanticLYKEION REFERENCER: 4.12, 4.28STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

Semantic relation: see relation, Semantic

Sense

SentenceSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 SentenceA lingustic object which expresses a proposition

Separator: see Delimiterseparator, Character: see Character separatorseparator, Component data element: see data element separator, Componentseparator, Data element: see Data element separatorsequence, Contextual: see Contextual sequenceSequencing relationships: see relationships, Sequencing

Sequential ADJ

Sequential relation: see relation, Sequential

SerialSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, E4

Series of concepts: see concepts, Series of

ServiceSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2, H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.3-04 ServiceResults generated by activities at the interface between a supplier and a customer and by supplier internal activities to customer needs

H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.5 ServiceResult generated by activities at the interface between the supplier and the customer and by the supplier internal activities to meet the customers needs

NOTES 1 The supplier or the customer may be represented at the interface by personnel or equipment

2 Customer activities at the interface with the supplier may be essential to the service delivery

3 Delivery or use of tangible products may form part of the service delivery4 A service may be linked with the manufacture and supply of tangible product

Service data element: see data element, Service

Service deliverySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Service segment: see segment, ServiceService standard: see standard, ServiceService string advice: see string advice, Service

SetSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.1-03 SetAssembly of objects

NOTE Entry transferred from ISO 5127-6, definition shortened

set, Capability: see Capability setset, Character: see Character setset, Construct: see Construct setset, Code: see Code set

set, Corresponding

set, Element: see Element set

set, Ordered

Shape

sharing, Time: see Time sharingSI: see International System of Units, SI

Sign STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-02 SignAny physical phenomenon interpreted to convey a meaning

SignalSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-03 SignalVariation of a physical quantity used to represent data

NOTE ISO 2382-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.01 SignalA variation of a physical quantity used to represent data

Signification

Similarities between concepts: see concepts, Similarities betweenSimple data element: see data element, SimpleSimple entity instance: see entity instance, SimpleSimple term: see term, Simple

SimulationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.01 SimulationThe use of a data processing system to represent selected behavioral characteristics of a physical or abstract system

EXAMPLEThe representation of air streams around airfoils at various velocities,

temperatures, and airpressures

Size

Society

Soft copy: see copy, Soft

SoftwareSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.08 SoftwareAll or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system

NOTE Software is an intellectual creation that is independent of the medium on which it is recordedsoftware, Application STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.01 Application softwareSoftware or a program that is specific to the solution of an application problem

EXAMPLEA spreadsheet program

Software engineeringSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.07 Software engineeringThe systematic application of scientific and technological knowledge, methods, and experience to the design, implementation, testing, and documentation of software to optimize its production, support, and quality

Software packageSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.05 Software packageA complete and documented set of programs supplied to several users for a generic application or function

NOTE Some software packages are alterable for a specific application

software, SupportSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.03 Support softwareSoftware or a program that aids in the development, maintenance, or use of other software or provides general application-independent capability

EXAMPLEA compiler, a database management system

software, SystemSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.02 System softwareApplication-independent software that supports the running of application software

EXAMPLEAn operating system

Sort VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 9.4 Sort

Segregate items into groups according to specified criteria


A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 8.4 SortOrder data intogroups according tospecified criteria


Sort keySTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.2/3.2 Sort keyCharacter string designed to meet certain requirements for sorting and merging operations

EXAMPLEWhen bibliographical data are sorted to produce an author's catalogue, the

author's surname isthe primary sort key, with the given name as a secondary key. If there are two

titles by the sameauthor, the year of publication or the title is used as an additional sort key

Sort value: see value, Sort

Sort valueSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.1/3.1 Sort valuePosition of an element of a character set according to a predefined order

EXAMPLEIn French, the letter A has a lower sort value than the letter B. The question of

whether or not toassign lower-case letters the same sort value as their upper-case counterpart

will depend on theapplication. Letters with discritics are sometimes treated like the corresponding

basic letterandsometimes as a different letter.

Sorting key: see Sort keySorting value: see Sort valueSource identifier: see identifier, Source

Space ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Space 1) the unlimited or indefinitely great three-dimensional expance in which all material objects are located and all events occur.Space 2) the portion or extent of this in a given instance; extent or room in three dimensions.Space 3) extent or area in two dimensions; a particular extent of surface.

Space 4) Fine Arts.Space 5) the region beyond the earth's atmosphere that contains the rest of the cosmos.Space 6) a seat, berth, or room on the train, airplane. etc.Space 7) linear distance; a particular distance.Space 8) Math. a system of objects with relations between the objects defined.Space 9) extent, or a particular extent, of time.Space 10) an interval of time; a while.Space 11) an area or interval allowed for or taken by advertising, as in a periodical, on the radio, etc.Space 12) Music.Space 13) Print.Space 14) Telegraphy.Space 15) radio or television broadcast time allowed or avaiable for a program, advertisement, etc. VSpace 16-18)

Space (Computer application)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 6.10 Spacecontrol character that causes the print or display position to move one position forward along the line.

NOTE 1 Space as control character is described in ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 4873 and ISO 6937-1.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 2382-4:1987

Space (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997/ F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.2.7/2.19 SpaceThree dimensional, material construction result contained within, or otherwise associated with, a building or other construction entity. A space may bebounded physically or notionally.

Space character: see character, Space

space, Temporal

space, Toporal

Spanned ?

Special character: see character, SpecialSpecial language: see language, Special

SpecialisationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Specifik concept: see concept, Specific

Specie(s)

STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, B4

SpecificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, C1, H1, J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 3.14 SpecificationDocument stating requirementsNOTES 1 A qualifier should be used to indicate the type of specification, such as 'product specification',

'test specification'

2 A specification should refer to or include drawings, patterns or other relevant documents and

indicate the means and the criteria whereby conformity can be checked

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.4.1 Specification oDocument that prescribes the requirements with which the product, process, or service has to conform

NOTES 1 As far as practicable, itis desirable that the requirements be expressed numerically in terms of

appropriate units together with their limits

2 Specification refers directly to the desired quality characteristic(s) and not to whether a sample

has satisfied the required acceptance criteria for a sampling plan. A lot may be accepted because it

satisfies the lot acceptance criteria, but some individual items may not satisfy specifications


specification, Attribute: see Attribute specificationspecification language, Data: see language, Data specification

specification, TechnicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 3.3 Technical specificationDocument taht prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process or service

NOTES 1 A technical specification should indicate, whenever appropriate the procedure(s) be means it may

be determined whether the requirements given are fulfilled2 A tecnical specification may be a standard, a part of a standard or

independent of a standard

Spelling checkSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 10.4 Spelling check

Check to determine that all the words comply with predefined spelling rules

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.4 Spelling checkData validation to determine that all the words comply with predefined spelling rules

NOTE See ISO/IEC 2382-23:1994 for the definition of spelling checker in the context of text editing in

information processing

Spreadsheet program: see program, Spreadsheet

stage, Construction entity lifecycle STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.3.1 Construction entity lifecycle stageA period of time in the lifecycle of a construction entity identified by the overall character of the construction processes which occur during that period of time

F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.5 Construction entity lifecycle stagePeriod of time in the lifecycle of a construction entity identified by the overall character of the construction processes which occur within it

stage, Project STANDARD REFERENCER: F1, F3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F1 ISO/CD 12006-2:1997 2.3.2 Project stageA period of time in the duration of a construction project identified by the overall character of the construction processes which occur during that period of time

F3 ISO/DIS 12006-2:1999 2.18 Project stagePeriod of time in the duration of a construction project identified by the overall character of the construction processes which occur within it

Stakeholders: see Parties

Standard STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, B4, C1, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 3.2 StandardDocument, established by concensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context

NOTE Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and

aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits

standard, BasicSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standard, InterfaceSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standard, InternationalSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 3.2.1 International standardStandard that is adopted by an international standardizing/standards organization and made available to the public

standard, ProcessSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standard, ProductSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standards, Reference to: see Reference to standards

standard, ServiceSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standard, TerminologySTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standard, TestingSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standards, Types ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Standard types of intervals: see intervals, Standard types of

StandardizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO7IEC Guide 2 1.1 StandardizationActivity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context

NOTES 1 In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing

standards2 Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of

products, processesand services for their intended purposes, prevention of barriers to trade and

facilitation oftechnological cooperation

standardization, Field ofSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standardization, InternationalSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1, K3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO7IEC Guide 2 1.6.1 International standardizationStandardization in which involvement is open to relevant bodies from all countries

standardization, NationalSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

Standardization projectSTANDARD REFERENCER: K3

standardization, RegionalSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

standardization, Terminology: see Terminology standardization

standardization, STEP: Industrial automation systems and integration -Product data representation and exchange

STANDARD REFERENCER: E1, E2, E3

standardization, Terminology: see Terminology standardizationState STANDARD REFERENCER:

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:State 1) the condition of a person or thing, as with respect to circumstances or attributes. SYNONYMER: case, environment, STATE, CONDITION, STATUS are terms for existing circumstances or surroundings. STATE is the general word, often with no concrete implications or materiel relationships: the present state of affairs. CONDITION carries an implication of a relationship to causes and circumstances: The conditions made flying impossible. SITUATION suggests an arrangement of circumstances related to one another and to the character of a person. STATUS carries official or legal implications; it suggests a complete picture of interrelated circumstances as having to do with rank, position, standing, a stage reached in progress, etc.State 2) condition with respect to structure, form, constitution, phase, or the like.State 3) a mode or condition of existence.State 4) status, rank, or position in life; station. SYNONYM: standing.State 5) the style of living befitting a person of wealth and high rank; a sumptuous, splendid, or formal display of dignity; pomp. SYNONYMER: grandeur, magnificence.State 6) an abnormal tense, nervous, or perturbed condition.State 7) a particular condition on mind or feeling.State 8) a body of people occupying a definite territorium and organized under one government, esp. a sovereign government.State 9) the territory, or one of the terratories of a government.State 10) om en føderal union som USA mvState 11) the domain or the authority of such a territory or commonwealth.State 12-22) handler om statsforhold

V.State 23) to declare definitely or specifically. SYNONYMER: aver, assert, asseverate, affirmState 24) to set forth formally in speech or writing SYNONYM: specify.State 25) to set forth in proper or definite form.State 26) to say.State 27) to fix or settle, as by authority.

State of the artSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, K1

state, Object: se Object state

StatementSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 Provision that conveys information

statement, Command: see Command statement

statement, Protocol implementation conformance: see Protocol implementation conformance statement

Static ADJ

Static measurement: see measurement, Static

Statistic(s)STANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 2.45 StatisticA function of the sample random variables

NOTE A statistic, as a function of random variables, is also a random variable and as such it assumes

different values from sample to sample. The value of the statistic obtained by using the observed

values in this function may be used in a statistical test or as an estimate of a population parameter,

such as a mean or a standard deviation

Statistics in hospitals

Stem search (Degradation)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 8.6 Stem searchOptional query procedure using searck keys automatically produced by dropping successive elements of terms according to predefined rules

NOTE The order can be from left to right or right to left, depending on word formation in different

languages.

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.6 Stem searchOptional query procedure using search keys automatically produced by dropping characters in character strings successively to predefined rules

NOTE The order can be from left to right or right to left, depending on word formation in different

languages.

STEP standardization: see standardization, STEP

Stepwise derivationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Stepwise generationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Stepwise particulationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

Stop word list: see Exclusion list

Storage (device)STANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.10 Storage (device)A functional unit into which data can be placed, in which they can be retained,and from which they can be retrieved

StringSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B2, B4, D5STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 6.12 StringSequence of elements of the same nature, such as characters, bits or pulses, considered as a whole


A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 5.12 StringSequence of elements of the same nature, considered as a whole


B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-06 StringSequence of elements of the same nature considered as a whole

EXAMPLECharacters, bits, pulses

NOTE Adapted from ISO 1087-2

string advice, Service

STANDARD REFERENCER: M1

string, Character: see Character string

Structure STANDARD REFERENCER: C1, G1, E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 3.2.32 StructureA set of interrelated parts of any complex thing, and the relationships between them

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Structure 1. mode of building, construction or organization; arrangement of parts, elements, or constituents: a pyramidal structure.

SYNONYMER: system, form, configurationStructure 2. something built or constructed, as a building, bridge, dam, etc.

SYNONYMER: buildingStructure 3. a complex system considered from the point of view of the whole rather than of any single part: the structure of modern science.Structure 4. anything composed of parts arranged together in some way; an organization.Structure 5. the relationship or organization of the component parts of a work of art or literature.Structure 6. Biol.Structure 7. Geol.Structure 8. the manner by which atoms in a molecule are joined to each other, especially in organic chemestry where it is represented by a diagram or model of the molecular arrangement.Structure 9. Sociol.Structure 10. to give a structure, organization, or arrangement to; construct a systematic framework for.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(lat. structura, til struere opstille, opbygge) indre opbygning; den særlige (dynamiske) form for system der opstår ved beskrivelsen af et videnskabsområde idet systemets elementer kun beskrives gennem deres indbyrdes forhold, reglerne for deres mulige kombinationer og transformationer.

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Construction-Make-Form-Organization-Build-Frame-Arrangement-Conformation-Configuration-Make-up-Constitution-Mode of building-Manner of making.2. Formation-Composition-Anatomy-Arrangement of parts-Texture3. Edifice-Fabric-Building-Erection-Pile-Framework

structure, Element: see Element structurestructure, Exchange: see Exchange structurestructure, Organisational: see Organisational structure

Stuff

sub-system, (Building): see (Building) sub-system

SubcontractorSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

SubjectSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, B4

Subject fieldSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B2

STANDARD REFERENCER:A9 ISO/DSI 1087-1:1997 3.2.1 Subject field; DomainBranch of human knowledge

NOTE The borderlinesof a subject field are defined from a purpose-related point of view. The subject field

may require special skills

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.1-06 Subject fieldSet of concepts looked at as a unit in human knowledge

Subject labelSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD REFERENCER:A9 ISO/DSI 1087-1:1997 3.8.7 Subject labelInformation in a terminological entry which indicates the subject feld

Subordinate concept: see concept, Subordiante

SubordinationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8, B4

SubstanceORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Substance 1) that of which a thing consists; matter or material: form and substance SYNONYM: See matter.Substance 2) a species of matter of definite chemical composition.Substance 3) the subject matter of thought, discourse, study, etc. SYNONYMER: theme, subject eller essence.Substance 4) the actual matter of a thing, as opposed to the appearance or shadow; reality SYNONYM: essence.Substance 5) substantial or solid character or quality.Substance 6) consistency; body: soup without much substance.Substance 7) the meaning or gist, as of speech or writing. SYNONYMER: significance, import, pith eller essence.Substance 8) something that has separate or independent existence.Substance 9) philos. a. that which exists by itself and in which accidents or attributes inhere; that which receives causally active; that which is more than an event. b. the essential part, or essence, of a thing. c. a thing considered as a continuing whole.Substance 10) possessions, means, or wealth.Substance 11) noget lingvistisk.Substance 12) a standard of weights for papir.in substance 13) a. concerning the essentials; substanttially. b. actually; really

SubsupplierSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

Subtype/supertype graph: see graph, Subtype/supertypeSupercomputer: see computer, Super-

Superordinate concept: see concept, Superordinate

SuperordinationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

SupplierSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 1.10 SupplierOrganization that provides a product to the customer

NOTES 1 In a contractual situation, the supplier may be called the 'contractor'2 The supplier may be, for example, the producer, distributor, importer,

assembler or serviceorganization3 The supplier can be either external or internal to the organization

Support program: see program, SupportSupport software: see software, Support

Surface(s)

surface, External

surface(s), Internal

Sum

SymbolSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, B1, B2, D1, E2, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A6 ISO 1087:1990 5.3.1.1 SymbolDesignation of a concept by letters, numerals, pictograms or any combiantion thereof

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.4.2 SymbolNon-verbal designation consisting of letters, numerals, pictograms or any combination thereof.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.4.2 SymbolDesignation by means of letters, numerals, pictograms or any combination thereof.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-11 SymbolDesignation by means of letters, numerals, pictogrammmes or any combination thereof.

NOTE ISO 1087-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.02.07 SymbolA graphic representation of a concept that has a meaning in a specific context.

E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 7.2 Symbols

Symbols are the characters or groups of characters which have special meaning in EXPRESS. Symbols are used in EXPRESS as delimiters and operators. A delimiter is used to begin, separate or terminate adjacent lexical or syntactic elements. Interpretation of these elements would be impossible without separators. Operators denote that actions shall be performed on the operands which are associated with the operator; see clause 12 for a full explanation of operators. The EXPRESS symbols are shown in table 1. (her vises nogle få eksempler: . * \ [ <= := % -- , + ) G1 prENV 12264:1995 Refererer til ISO 1087, ISO/DIS 10241 og ISO 704

symbol, GraphicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 49 Grafisk symbolGraphical symbolA figure representing a concept.

EXAMPLES Two interlaced circles as the symbol for a transformer; a lightning arrow as a

symbol warningagainst electrocution.

symbol, LetterSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 48 Bogstavsymbol (især for en enhed eller størrelse)Letter symbolA symbol of a concept, consisting of one or more letters written without full stops; particularly one which designates a fundamental scientific notation (a quantity, a chemical element, etc.)

EXAMPLESF (= mechanical force); cm (= centimetre).

Symbol of a unit (of measurement): see measurement, Symbol of a unit ofSymbols for quantities: see quantity, (measurable) NOTE 3

Synchronous ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.28 SynchronousPertaining to two or more processes that depend upon occurrence of specific events such as common timing signals

SynonymsSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 SynonymsDifferent terms that refer to the same entity

SynonymySTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A8, A9, B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.4.3 SynonymyTerms are synonyms, when two or more terms are assigned to the same concept.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 7.2.4 SynonymySynonymy is the relation between differing designations that designate the same concept, i.e., having the same intension, in a given language. Designations in a synonymous relation are called synonyms. Given the same level of language, synonyms are interchangeable.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.19 SynonymyRelation between or among terms in a given language representing the same concept

EXAMPLEScategory - class, deuterium - heavy hydrogen

NOTE Terms which are interchangeable in all contexts are called synonyms; if they are interchangeable

only in some contexts, they are called quasi-synonyms

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-16 SynonymyRelation between designations representing the same concept

NOTE The designations in the relation of synonymy are called 'synonyms'.- ISO 1087-1

EXAMPLESodium chloride and NaC1

synonymy, QuasiSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A7, B1, B2, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.4.3 Quasi synonymy If two or more terms are assigned to concepts, whose intensions are almost identical, they are called quasi-synonyms

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 7.2.4 Quasi synonymyIf two or more terms are assigned to concepts whose intensions are almost identical, they are called quasi-synonyms and are interchangeable only in some contexts.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-17 Quasi synonymyRelation between concepts with similar meanings which may for some purposes be considered synonyms

NOTE The designation in the relation of quasi-synonymy are called 'quasi-synonyms'. - ISO 1087-1

Syntactic relation: see relation, Syntactic

Syntax STANDARD REFERENCER:

syntax (of SGML), AbstractSTANDARD REFERENCER: D5

Syntax rulesSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

System STANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, C1, D4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.1-04 System Set of elements and of relations between the elements such that the set may be looked at as a whole.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.1-04 SystemAssembly of interrelated sets.

C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.62 System1) Representation of something which is identifiable, and which evolves within and acts on an environment, according to some goal with respect to the enviroment. (Euromethod)

2) The conception of an area (the system domain) having its elements seen to be related to form a whole and having at least one systemic property. Systems can be represented as models using some (modelling) language.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:System 1. an assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex or unitary whole: a railroad system.System 2. any assemblage or set of correlated menbers: a system of currency.System 3. an ordered and comprehensive assemblage of facts, principles, doctrines, or the like, in a particular field of knowledge or thought: a system of philosophy.System 4. a coordinated body of methods or a complex scheme or plan of procedure: a system of government.System 5. any formulated, regular, or special method or plan of procedure: a system of marking, numbering, or measuring.System 6. due method or orderly manner of arrangement or procedure: There is no system in his work.System 7. a number of heavenly bodies associated and acting together according to certain natural laws; the solar system.System 8. the world or universe.System 9. Astron. System 10. Biol.System 11. one's personality, character, etc.; to get the meanness out of one's system.System 12. a method or scheme of classification: the Linnean system of plants.System 13. Geol. System 14. Physical Chem. System 15. Checkers. either of the two groups of 16 playing squares on four alternate columns.System 16. the structure or organization of society, business, or politics or of society in general: She could never adapt herself to the system.

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA GF:(gr. systema ordning; gruppe af synistanai stille sammen, syn- + histanai stille) en sammenstilling el. opbygning af dele til et i sig selv sluttet og ordnet hele (jf. struktur); Samordning af anskuelser; Lærebygning; Planmæssig fremgangsmåde mv

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. A whole (viewed with reference to the interdependence of its parts)-Combination of parts to form a whole-Organism-Organization-Universe.2. Scheme-Body-Plan-Theory-Connected view-Hypothesis-Classification-Arrangement.3. Order-Method-Regularity-Rule-Routine-Custom.

system, Associative concept: see concept system, Associative

system, CertificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

system, ClassificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 14 Klassifikation; KlassifikationssystemClassified system of concepts; Classification A table of the concepts constituting a system of concepts in which the interrelations between the concepts are shown by a pyramid-like arrangement (= by a family tree).

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 KlassifikationssystemEn ordning af begreber eller emner i grupper, således at grupperne udgør en samlet struktur. Strukturen giver udtryk for relationerne mellem grupperne. Kaldes undertiden en systematik.

system, CommunicationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.3-04 Communication systemSystem for managing communication processes.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-07 Communication systemSystem of managing communication processes.

system, Computer: see system, Data processingsystem, Computing: see system, Data processing

system, ConceptSTANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A6, A7, A8, A9, C1, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 3.5 Systems of conceptsThe set of concepts of a particular subject field forms a system in which each concept occupies a definite position.

A system of concepts

- serves as a means of mental ordering of our knowledge;- visualizes and clarifies the relationship between concepts;- permits the optimization of unified and standardized terminology;- makes it possible to establish equivalence between terminologies in different

languages.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.5.1 Nature of concept systemsThe terminology of a subject field is the collection of designations attributed to *concepts making up theknowledge structure of a field. The concepts are to constitute a coherent concept system based on the relations established between concepts. The unique position of each concept within a system shall be determined by the intension, i.e., the unique set of characteristics constituting the concept and the extension of the concept. The terminology of a field shall not be an arbitrary collection of terms.

Different subject fields view the same bodies of knowledge in different ways. The same objects may be combined to form different units with different intensions and extensions thus resulting in different *concept systems and new designations. Etc.

A concept system serves to:

- model concept structures based on specialized knowledge of a field;- clarify the relations between concepts;- form the basis for uniform and standidized terminology:- facilitate the comparative analysis of concepts and designations across

languages- facilitate writing definitions

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 9 Begrebssystem; Semantisk systemSystem of conceptsA group of concepts connected by logical or ontological relations. Such a system is constituted by horizontal or vertical series of concepts, or at least by one such series.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 3.10 System of conceptsStructured set of concepts established according to the relations between them, each concept being determined by its position in this set.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.2.10 Concept system (System of concepts)Set of concepts structured according to the relations among them.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.2.14 Concept systemSystem of concepts established according to the relations between them.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.2.11 Concept system; System of conceptsSet of concepts structured according to the relations among them

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.10 System of conceptsStructured set of concepts established according to the relations between them.

NOTE This definition is taken from the current revision of A ISO/CD 1087-1.A.1.3 Systems of conceptsConcepts and the relations between them form systems of concepts within a given subject field. These systems of concepts can be represented as classification systems,

thesauri or coding systems. Besides, they can be used as tools in terminology work to garantee the quality and clarity of the resulting terminology. Working with system of concepts shows how adequate and well-formed are the terms, other designations and definitions. It shows whether there are gaps in the system, what the relations are between the concepts and how motivated (A.1.1) and consistent the designations are.

Systems of concepts are subdivided according to the type of relation allowed between the concepts. For practical terminology work three types of relations are relevant: generic relations, partitive relations and associative relations.

concept system, AssociativeSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.5.4 Associative concept systemA system in which all the concepts relate to each other by association is considered an associative concept system. The type of associative relation between any two concepts may vary within a system.

concept system, GenericSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.5.2 Generic concept systemA system in which all the concepts in a vertical series relate to each other as generic and specific is considered a generic concept system.

concept system, MixedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A5, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.5.5 Mixed concept systemIn practice, concept systems are often constructed using combination of the concept relations.

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 12 Blandet begrebssystemMixed system of concepts A system of concepts connected by more than one type of relation at once, particularly the combination of genus-species systems and whole-and-part systems.

EXAMPLEThe concepts grouped in the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC).

G1 prENV 12264:1995 A.1.3.4 Mixed systems of conceptsIn practical terminology work, most systems of concepts use combinations of the different types of relations; the nature of the relations must always be clearly indicated.

concept system, PartitiveSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 5.5.3 Partitive concept systemA system in which all the concepts in a vertical series relate to each other as a whole

and its parts is considered a partitive concept system.

system, Coordinate

system, Data processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.20 Data processing system; Computer system; Computing systemOne or more computers, peripheral equipment, and software that perform data processing.

system, DatabaseSTANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Database systemThe computer implementation of an information system

System documentationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.04 System documentationThe collection of documents that describe the requirements, capabilities, limitations, design, operation, and maintenance of an information processing system

systems, Enterprise operationSTANDARD REFERENCER: E5

system, Environmental managementSTANDARD REFERENCER: I1

system, ExpertSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.19 Expert systemA computer system that provides forexpertly solving problems in a given field or application area by drawing inferences form a knowledge base developed from human expertise

NOTES 1. The term is sometimes used synonymously with, though it is usually taken to emphasize expert

knowledge

2. Some expert systems are able to improve their knowledge base and develop new inference rules

based on their experience with previous problems

system, Generic concept: see concept system, Generic

system, Genus-speciesSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 10 Generisk begrebssystemGenus-species systemA system of concepts connected by a logical relation, viz. by the genus-species relation.

EXAMPLE: The flora of the world or a region, analysed with regard to the relationship of the plants.

system, InformationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B1, B2, D1, D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.3-08 Information systemCommunication system enabling the communication and processing of information.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.3-11 Information systemCommunication system enabling the communication and processing of information (2).

C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.29 Information system1) An information processing system, together with associated organisational resources such as human, technical and financial resources, that provides and distributes information (ISO 2382-1)

2) Aspect of an organisation which provides, uses and distributes information. It is considered to include the associated organisational resources such as human, technical and financial resources. It is thus effectively a human system, possible containing a computer system that automates selected elements of the information system (Euromethod)

3) A system considered in terms of the information flows across its boundaries and between its elements and of the information it must contain in order to exhibit the behaviour required of it and fulfil its organisational objective (Defence Research Agency, UK)

4) A conception of how the information-oriented aspects of an organisation are composed (actors, resources, etc.) and how these operate, thus describing the (explicit and/or implicit) information-providing arrangements existing within that organisation. Information systems support information requirements and communication fulfilments within organisations.

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.22 Information systemAn information processing system, together with associated organizational resources such as human, technical, and financial resources, that provides and distributes information.

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Information systemThe conceptual schema, information base and information processor, forming together a formal, fully predictable system for keeping and manipulating information.

system, Information processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1


D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.21 Information processing systemOne or more data processing systems and devices, such as office and communication equipment, that perform information processing.

system, Information resource dictionarySTANDARD REFERENCER: D4System of concepts: see system, ConceptSystem of quantities: see quantity, Base and quantity, DerivedSystem of Units, International SI: see International System of Units, SISystem of units (of measurement): see measurement, System of units ofsystem of units (of measurement), Coherent: see measurement, Coherent system of units of

system, OperatingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.04.08 Operating systemSoftware that controls the execution of programs and that may provide services such as resource allocation, scheduling, input-output control, and data management

NOTE Although operation systems are predominantly software, partial hardware implementations are

possible

system, OrganisationSTANDARD REFERENCER: C1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.44 Organisation system1) Human system, i.e. structured set of people possibly using machines (including computers), co-ordinating their efforts towards a common goal. (Euromethod)

2) A system (or group of systems and users) consisting of a set of actors fulfilling roles by participating in actions in order to meet its objective. (Defense research Agency)

3) A conception of how an organisation is composed (actors, resources, etc.) and how it operates (goals, business rules, interactions with its environment, etc.).

system, Partitive concept: see concept system, Partitivesystem, Preliminary analysis of concept: see concept system, Preliminary analysis of

system, QualitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 3.6 Quality systemOrganizational structure, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management.

NOTES 1 The quality system should be as comprehensive as needed to meet the quality objectives.

2 The quality system of an organization is designed primarily to satisfy the internal managerial

needs of the organization. It is broader than the requirements of a particular customer, who

evaluates only the relevant part of the quality system.3 For contractual or mandatory quality assessment purposes demonstration of

the implementationof identified quality system elements may be required.

System software: see software, System

system, TermSTANDARD REFERENCER:

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:?5.3 Systems of termsThe terminology of any subject field should not be an arbitrary collection of terms, but rather a coherent terminology system corresponding to the system of concepts.Whenever possible, the terms should also reflect the characteristics of the concepts, i.e. their intension. There should also be only one term for the concept named. For this reason the analysis of the existing terms and the creation of new terms should be carried out within the framework of a system of terms.

systems, TerminologicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:G1 prENV 12264:1995 C.1 Terminological systemsA terminological system relates concepts of a particular subject field among themselves and to their linguistic designations - terms, terminological phrases, systematic names-; it may includes codes or definitions.

A terminological system shall present on the same context at least the following sub-systems:

a) one set of concepts, either organized in a unique, comprehensive system of concepts,

or organized in a coherent collection of partially independent subsystems. It is possible to

present the organization of the concepts in the system of concepts to the users by one or

more of the following means: definitions, single or multiple hierarchies, diagrams and

cross references.

b) one terminology or one coding scheme (usually both). Multiple languages may refer

to the same system of concepts, or multiple coding schemes may aggregate the concepts

of the same system of concepts in different ways.

EXAMPLE The international Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (WHO, 1978):

a) includes, among others, the following partially independent subsystems:

- a 'Supplementary Classification of External Causes of Injury and Poisoning'.- a 'Supplementary Classification of factors influencing Health Status and

Contact with

Health Services'.- a 'Morphology of Neoplasms'.

b) uses two coding schemes - by the dagger and asterisk mechanism - to aggregate the concepts of

the same system of concepts in different ways

NOTE 1: .....

A terminological system may be referred in practice by one or more terms from the following list: thesaurus; classification; terminology; vocabulary; glossary; coding system; nomenclature.

NOTE 2 Most of these terms were originally used - by different communities and ISO standards - as

typologies for independent systems. The use of these terms is not consistent in the different

contexts. Moreover, after integration of functions achievable by computer, terminological systems

are avaiable that include many features; the previous terms then express functional aspects of a

single multifunctional system.

C.2 Vocabularies, terminologies and nomenclaturesC.3 Thesauri and classificationC.4 Coding schemes and coding systemsC.5 Formal modelsAn emerging kind of concepts-representation system is the formal model. It shall provide a set of symbols (usually lexical marks on paper or their equivalent in a computer system) and a set of formal rules to manipulate them. They are intended to be interpreted as denoting a set of concepts and some set of relations between them. Each concepts shall be represented in a formal model by a unique canonical form, made up of symbols; non-canonical formal expressions shall be convertible to the canonical one.

Symbols can be given names that human users find meaningful, but the behaviour of the model shall be independent of the names. Models are designed to manipulate these symbols in a formal way, so that the symbols behave in ways that correspond to human use of the concepts represented.

Formal models are based on formalism.

EXAMPLESFormalisms in use include conceptual graphs (Sowa, 1984) and GRAIL (Galen,

1992-1994).

NOTE The expressive power of a formal model largely depends on the formalism. In significant systems

for practical applications, the complexity of the formalism and the manipulations goes beyond the

power of human processing, and suitable computer software for manipulation and browsing is

needed.

A concept representation system - including formal models - never captures all the meaning of a

concept or all the relations between them. All concept representation systems provide at best

approximations of the concepts represented. Adequacy of formal models may be only be evaluated

by the interpretation in the intended context.

C.6 Relations among concepts belonging to different terminological systemsC.7 Families of terminological systems

system, TurnkeySTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

system, Whole-and-partSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 11 Del-helhed-systemWhole-and-part systemA system of concepts connected by one of the ontological relations, namely by the whole-and-part relation.

EXAMPLESThe flora of the world or of a region, analysed with regard to the geographical

distribution of theplants; the aggregate of the concepts corresponding to the parts of a machine,

or to the countries,provinces and districts of a continent.

Systematic arrangement: see arrangement, SystematicSystematic index: see index, SystematicSystematic name: see name, Systematic and IdentifierSystematic order: see arrangement, Systematic

T TableSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

tag, Data element: see Data element tagtag, Segment: see Segment tag

TargetSTANDARD REFERENCER: C1, G1

target, Environmental: see Environmental targetterminator, Segment: see Segment terminator

TaxonomySTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, C1, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Taksonomi (Taxonomy)

Systematisk inddeling af levende væsener, genstande eller fænomener i kategorier med fælles træk, fx inddeling af dyrene efter form (morfologiske kendetegn). En sådan inddeling vil ofte få hierarkisk struktur. Jf. klassifikationssystem.

C1 CEN/TC 311 PT01 3.66 TaxonomyClassification, especially in relation to general laws or principles. (Oxford English Dictionary).

G1 prENV 12264:1995 Se under ?????? standardens beskrivelse af klassifikation.

Technical dictionary: see dictionary, TechnicalTechnical specification: see specification, TechnicalTechnical term: see term, Technical

Technology, Tecnics STANDARD REFERENCER: C1

technology components, Information: see Information technology componentstechnology components, Manufacturing: see Manufacturing technology components

TelecommunicationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5126-1:1996 1.2-17 TelecommunicationTransmission of signals over spatial distances

NOTE In common usage by electronic means

Temporal concept: see concept, TemporalTemporal relation: see relation, TemporalTemporal space: see space, Temporal

Term STANDARD REFERENCER: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B1, B2, B4, D4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIOER, BESKRIVELSER:A1 ISO 704:1987 5.1 General (om termer)A term is a word or phrase, which designates a concept.

A2 ISO/DIS 704:1999 7.2.1 Term - concept relationA term is a designation consisting of one or more words representing a general concept in a special language. A simple term contains only one root while a term containing two or more roots is called a complex term.

A term has to be accepted and used by subject specialists. A new term created to designate a concept is a type of neologism ans is called a neoterm. Although most neoterms designate new concepts, some designate established concepts.

A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 31 TermTerm (for a concept)Any conventional symbol for a concept which consists of articulated sounds or of the written representation (= of letters).

A term may be a word or a phrase.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 5.3.1.2 TermDesignation of a defined concept in a special language by a linguistic expression.

NOTE A term may consist of one or more words (i.e. simple term, or complex term) or even contain

symbols.

A7 ISO/CD 1087-1.2:1997 3.4.3 TermDesignation consisting of one or more words which denotes a given concept in a special language.

NOTE A term may contain symbols and can have variants e.g. different forms of spelling.

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.4.4 TermDesignation by a linguistic expression of a general concept in a special language.

NOTE A term may consist of one or more words - simple term and compound term - and it may contain

symbols. A term can have variants, e.g. different forms in spelling.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.3 TermVerbal designation of a general concept in a specific subject field

NOTE A term may contain symbols and can have variants, e.g. different forms of spelling

B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.2-08 TermWord (1) or phrase used to denote a concept

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-12 TermDesignation by a linguistic expression of a general concept in a special language.

NOTE A term may consist of one or more orthographic words and it may contain symbols. A term can

have variants. - ISO 1087-1

B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 TermFagord, herunder også en fast ordforbindelse i et fagsprog. I BDI-sammenhæng bruges ordet især som del af betegnelserne indeksterm og søgeterm, undertiden som forkortet betegnelse for et af disse begreber.

D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 TermA linguistic object that refers to an entity.

G1 prENV 12264:1995 3.14 TermDesignation by a linguistic expression of a general concept in a special language.

EXAMPLES'kidney', 'cyst', 'removal', 'viral hepatitis'

NOTE A term may consist of one or more words in fixed order, it may include non-alphabetical symbols.

term, AdmittedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.16 Admitted termTerm evaluated in a term acceptability rating as a synonym for a preferred term

Term acceptability ratingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.14 Term acceptability ratingRating indicating the evaluation of a term according to a predetermined scale

NOTE The following ratings are common: Preferred, admitted, deprecated

Term bank (Terminological data bank)STANDARD REFERENCER: A7, A8, A9, A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.5 Term bankCollection of terminological databases including the organizational framework for managing them

A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 7.8/6.8 Term bankData bank containing terminological data

NOTE This entry is pending to coordination with ISO 1087-1

term, BorrowedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.6 Borrowed termTerm taken from a foreign language or from another subject field

term, ClippedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.12 Clipped termAbbreviation formed by truncating a part of a simple term

EXAMPLEvet (veterinarian), flu (influenza)

term, Complex

STANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.5 Complex termTerm containing two or more roots

EXAMPLEbookmaker, know-how, fault recognition circuit

term, DeprecatedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.17 Deprecated termTerm evaluated in a term acceptability rating as being rejected

Term elementSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8, A9

term, EntrySTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.8.4 Entry termTerm which heads a terminological entry

Term excerptionSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.8 Term excerptionActivity in terminology work which involves extracting terminological data by searching through a corpus

NOTE Term excerption involves identifying concepts and their designations and noting any relevant

information about a concept such as definitions, contexts, usage labels

term, GeneralSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5

Term harmonization STANDARD REFERENCER: A4, A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A4 ISO/DIS 860:1993 3.2 Term harmonization:Activity leading to the designation of one concept in different languages by terms that reflect the same or similar characteristics or have the same or slightly different forms

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.5 Term harmonizationActivity in terminology work leading to the designation of one concept in different languages by terms which reflect the same or similar characteristics or have the same or slightly different forms

NOTE Adapted from ISO 860:1996

Term identificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.9 Term identificationPart of term excerption involving recognition and selection of designations

Term index: see index, Term

term, Multi-wordSTANDARD REFERENCER: A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 2.14 Multi-word termTerm consisting of more than one character string

term, Neo-: see Neoterm

term, NewSTANDARD REFERENCER: A7

term, ObsoleteSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.18 Obsolete termTerm which is no longer in common use

term, PreferredSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.15 Preferred termTerm evaluated in a term acceptability rating as the primary term for a given concept

term, SimpleSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.4 Simple termTerm containing only one root

EXAMPLESsound, indicator, equalizer

term, TechnicalSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6

Term system: see system, Term

Terminal


STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.11 TerminalA functional unit in a system or communication network at which datamay be entered or retrieved

terminal, Dumb: see terminal, Nonprogrammableterminal, Intelligent: see terminal, Programmable

terminal, NonprogrammableSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.15 Nonprogrammable terminal; Dumb terminalA user terminal that has no independent data processing capability

terminal, ProgrammableSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.14 Programmable terminal; Intelligent terminalA user terminal that has built-in data processing capability

terminal, UserSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 11.8/10.8 User terminalFunctional unit in a system or communication network that enables a user to communicate with a computer


D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.12 User terminalA terminal that enables a user to communicate with a computer

terminal, Visual displaySTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.16 Visual display terminal; Video display terminal; Visual disply unitA user terminal with a display screen, and usually equipped with an input unit such as a keyboard

TerminographySTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.1 TerminographyPart of terminology work concerned with the recording and presentation of

terminological data

NOTE Terminological data may be presented in the form of term banks, glossaries, thesauri, or other

publications

Terminological concordance: see concordance, TerminologicalTerminological data: see data, TerminologicalTerminological data bank: see Term bank or database, TerminologicalTerminological database: see database, TerminologicalTerminological database for procurement: see database for procurement, TerminologicalTerminological datacollection: see datacollection. TerminologicalTerminological dictionary: see dictionary, Terminological

Terminological entrySTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.8.2 Terminological entryRecord of terminological data related to one concept

A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.21/2.22 Terminological entryPart of a terminological data collection that contains the terminological data related toone concept

NOTE 1 One terminological entry may consist of more than one recordNOTE 2 This entry is pending to coordination with ISO 1087-1

Terminological format: see format, TerminologicalTerminological phrase: see phrase, TerminologicalTerminological system: see system, Terminological

TerminologizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A2, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A2 ISO/DIS 704: 1999 A.2.2 TerminologizationTerminologization is the process by which a general language word or expression is transformed into a term designating a concept in a special language.

A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.4.8 TerminologizationProcess by which a general language word or expression is transformed into a term

Terminology STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A7, A8, B1, B2, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIA 1087-1:1997 3.5.1 TerminologySet of designations belonging to one special language

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-14 Terminology

Set of terms representing the concept system or concepts systems of a particular subject field

NOTE ISO 1087-1

Terminology analysisSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6

Terminology planningSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.3 Terminology planningActivities aimed at developing and improving the terminoloy of a subject field

NOTE Terminology planning involves all aspects of terminology work and has a primary objective of

achieving vocabulary control through such normative documents as thesauri and terminology

standards

Terminology processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.6.2 Terminology processingPart of terminography concerned with computer aspects of database creation, maintenance and extraction of terminology from texts

Terminology projectSTANDARD REFERENCER: K3

Terminology scienceSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A7, A8, A9

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.5.3 Terminology scienceScience studying the structure, formation, development, usage and management of terminologies in various subject fields

Terminology standard: see standard, Terminology

Terminology standardizationSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, K3

Terminology workSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, B2

STANDARD REFERENCER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.5.4 Terminology workWork concerned with the systematic collection, description, processing and presentation of concepts and their designations

NOTE Terminology work should preferable be carried out on the basis of established principles and

methods. Terminology work includes term exerption, concept harmonization, term harmonization

and terminography

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.2-18 Terminology workWork concerned with the collection, description, processing, and presentation of concepts and terms

NOTE Terminology work should preferable be carried out on the basis of etsablished principles and

methods (ISO 1087-1)

TestSTANDARD REFERENCER: J2, K1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:K1 ISO/IEC Guide 2 12.1 TestTechnical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product, process or service according to a specified procedure

J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.5.4 TestA functional trial or examination of one or more characteristics of an item by subjecting the item toa set of physical, chemical, environmental or operating actions and conditions

Test result: see result, test

TestingSTANDARD REFERENCER: K1

testing standard: see standard, testing

TextSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, B2, B4, D1, D5

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.6/2.6 TextStructured data/Data in the form of characters, symbols, words, phrases, paragraphs, sentences, tables, or other character arrangements, intended to convey a meaning, and whose interpretation is essentially based upon the reader's knowledge of som natural or artificial language (ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993)


B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-04 TextData in the form of characters, symbols, words, phrases, paragraphs, sentences, tables, or other character arrangements, intended to convey a meaning, and whose interpretation is essentially based upon the reader's knowledge of some natural language or artificial language

NOTE ISO 2382-1

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.03 Text

Data in the form of characters, symbols, words, phrases, paragraphs, sentences, tables, or other character arrangements, intended to convey a meaning, and whose interpretation is essentially based upon the reader's knowledge of some natural language or artificial language

EXAMPLEA business letter printed on paper or displayed on a screen

Text corpus: see corpus, Texttext database, Full: see database, Full text

Text editingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIA 1087-2:1999 12.3/11.3 Text editingText processing in order to manipulate text

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-23:1993NOTE 2 Typical manipulations include rearrangement, change, addition, delition and reformatting

Text processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2.1999 12.2/11.2 Text processing (word processing)Data processing operations on text

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-23:1993NOTE 2 Typical operations include entering, editing, sorting, merging, retrieving, storing, dosplaying or

printing

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.10 Text processing; Word processingData processing operations on text, such as entering, editing,sorting, merging, retrieving, storing, displaying, or printing

text search, Free-STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 5.3 Free-text searchSearch in a text corpus enabling the user to retrieve any occurrence of any character string, word or word combination

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.3 Free-text searchSearch in a text or text corpus enabling the user to retrieve any occurrence of any type

Thematic arrangement: see arrangement, ThematicThematic order: see arrangement, Thematictheories, Ontological: see Ontological theories

Theory STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A8theory, Communication: see Communication theory

ThesaurusSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:G1 prENV 12264:1995 C.3 Thesauri and classificationsThesauri and classifications are two other types of terminological systems.

A thesaurus should be the vocabulary of a controlled indexing language, formally organized so that a priori relationships between concepts (e.g. 'broader' and 'narrower') are made explicit (ISO 2788)

A classification (or taxonomy) should be a terminological system whose system of concepts is structured by generic relations only!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NOTE 1 Classes may consist of objects or concepts; in consequence, two kinds of activities may be

performed on classes:

- in the prepatory work to build a hierarchical system of concepts, the developers of a

classification identify the essential characteristics of each concept in a class, and use

them to organize classes of concepts into the taxonomy;- in the routine application of a classification, the users assign each object to a

class of objects, according to the predefined characteristics.

Dealing with manufactured products, confusion may arise from the fact that a concept can be

constituted through abstraction from the series of products (objects) produced by the same

manufacturer and with the same model identifier. This concept may be assigned to a class of

concepts by the manufacturer or by the responsible of a classification

NOTE 2 'Class' is an abused term in informatics, statistics and terminology work. Various standards define

it differently.

ThingORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Thing 1) a material object without life or consciousness; an inanimate object.Thing 2) some entity, object, or creature which is not or cannot be specifically designated or precisely described.Thing 3) an abstract quality (or entity); that which is or may become an object of thought, whether material or ideal, animate or inanimate, actual, possible, or imaginary.Thing 3) an abstract (quality or) entity; that which is or may become an object of thought, whether material or ideal, animate or inanimate, actual, possible, or imaginary.Thing 4) Often things, matters; affairs.Thing 5) a fact, circumstance, situation, or state of affairs.

Thing 6) an action, deed, event, or performance.Thing 7) a particular, respect or detail.Thing 8) aim; objective.Thing 9) an article of clothing or apparel, esp. one suited for a particular occation or worn over or with other clothing while outdoors.Thing 10) a. implements, utensils, or other articles for service. Thing 10) b. personal possessions or belongings.Thing 11) a task; chore.Thing 12) a living being or creature.Thing 13) a thought, idea, word, statement, or thesis.Thing 14) a particular kind or type of material or substance.Thing 15) Informal. a peculiar attitude or feeling toward something; mental quirk; phobia.Thing 16) Slang. something special or unique that one feels disposed to do.Thing 17) that which is signified or represented, as distinguished from a word, symbol, or idea representing it.Thing 18) Law.anything that may be the subject of a property right.Thing 19) make a good thing of.....Thing 20) not to get a thing out....Thing 21) the thing...

Thinking N ADJ

Tilstandsmaskine 4.53 - Hvad hedder det på engelsk

Time ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Time 1) the system of those sequential relations that any event has to any other, as past, present, or future; indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events succeed one another.Time 2) duration regarded as belonging to the present life as distinct from the life to come or from eternity; finite duration.Time 3) a system or method of measuring or reckoning the passage of time.Time 4) a limited period or interval, as between two successive events. SYNONYMER: period, interval, term, spell, span, space.Time 5) a particular period considered as distinct from other periods.Time 6) Often, times. a. a period in the history of the world, or contemporary with the life or activities of a notable person. b. the period or era now or previously present. c. a period considered with reference to its events or prevalling conditions, tendencies, ideas, etc. SYNONYMER: epoch, era, season, age, date.Time 7) a prescribed or allotted period, as of one's life, for payment of a debt, etc.Time 8) the end or a prescribed or allotted period, as of one's life, a period of gestation, etc.Time 9) a period with reference to personal experience of a specified kind.Time 10) a period of work of an employee, or the pay for it; working hours or days or an hourly or daily pay rate.Time 11) Informal.Time 12) the period necessary for or occupied by something.Time 13) leisure time; sufficient or spare time.

Time 14) a particular or definite point in time, as indicated by a clock.Time 15) a particular part of the year, day, etc.Time 16) an appointment, fit, due, or proper instant or period.Time 17) the particular point in time when an event is scheduled to take place.Time 18) an indefinite, frequently prolonged period or duration in the future.Time 19) the right occation or opportunity.Time 20) each occation of a recurring action or event: to do a thing five times.Time 21) times, used as a multiplicative word in phrasal combinations expressing how many instances of a quantity or factor are taken together.Time 22) Drama.Time 23) Pros. a unit or a group of units in the measurement of meter.Time 24) Music.Time 25) Mil.Time 26) Embryol.Time 27) Manége. each completed action or movement of the horse.Time 28-54) against time, ahead of time, at one time, etc. A.Time 55-59) V.Time 60-67)

Time sharingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

Token (Computional linguistics/Natural-language processing)STANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A10, A11, E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.9/2.9 Token Occurrence of a type

EXAMPLEIf the class is defined as all word forms of 'good', then all the occurrences of the

word forms'good', 'better' and 'best' are tokens.

E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 3.2.15 TokenA non-decomposable lexical element of a language

ToleranceSTANDARD REFERENCER: J2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.4.4 ToleranceDifference between the upper and the lower tolerance limits

Tool

Tools for modelling of concepts: see modelling of concepts, Tools for

Topography

Topological features

Toporal atom: see atom, ToporalToporal point: see point, ToporalToporal space: see space, ToporalTotal quality control: see quality control, TotalTotal quality management: see quality management, Total

TraceabilitySTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS(EN ISO 8402:1995 3.16 TraceabilityAbility to trace the history, application or location of an entity be means of recorded identifications

NOTES 1 The term 'traceability' may have one of three main meanings:a) in a product sense, it may relate to- the origin of materials and parts- the product processing history- the distribution and location of the product after delivery;b) in a calibration sense, it relates measuring equipment to national or

international standards,primary standards, basic physical constants or properties, or reference

materials;c) in a data-collection sense, it relates calculations and data generated

throughout the quality loopsometimes back to the requirements for quality for an entity2 All aspects of traceability requirements, if any, should be clearly specified, for

example, in termsof periods of tme, point of origin or identification

TranscriptionSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-23 TranscriptionRepresentation of the sounds of a given language by the characters of a writing system or by a specially devised system of notations

NOTE These special systems can be alphabetic (e.g. IPA symbols) or analphabetic (e.g. Kenneth Fike's

notation in his classic book 'Phonetics' (1943))

TransferSTANDARD REFERENCER: M1

transfer, File: see File transfer

Transformation STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

transformation, Data: see Data transformationTranslational velocity: see velocity, Translational

Transliterate VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11


A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.9 TransliterateRepresent the characters of one alphabet by those of another alphabet

NOTE See ISO 2382-6:1987 for a definition applicable to information processing

TransliterationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B2

Traverse

TriggerSTANDARD REFERENCER: E4

TrueSTANDARD REFERENCER:

True value: see value, TrueTrue value (of a quantity): see quantity, True value of atrue value (of a quantity), Conventional: see quantity, Conventional true value of a

Truncation (Information retrieval)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 8.3 TruncationProcess by which the beginning or end of a string is eliminated

NOTE The truncation process can be carried out automatically or left to the user's choise. The order can

be from left to right or right to left

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 TruncationProcess by which a string is shortened by deleting elements from the left and/or the right

Truth

Turnkey system: see system, Turnkey

Type STANDARD REFERENCER: A8, B4, D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Type (of an entity)The proposition establishing that an entity is a member of a particular class of entities, implying as well that there is such a class of entities

Type (computional linguistics/language engineering)STANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.8/2.8 TypeLinguistic unit in a text representing a defined class

NOTE Such linguistic units usually are character strings uninterrupted by delimiters

Type of characteristics: see characteristics, Type ofType of concept relation: see relation, Type of conceptType of definitions: see definitions, Type ofType of language engineering: see language engineering, Type oftype, Associated element: see element type, Associatedtype, Element: see Element typetype, Message: see Message type

U Unit STANDARD REFERENCER: G1

unit, Central processing unit: see Processing unitunit, Functional: see Functional unit

Unit of functionalitySTANDARD REFERENCER: E1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:E1 ISO 10303-1:1994 A collection of application objects and their relationships that defines one or more concepts within the application context such that removal of any component would render the concepts incomplete or ambiguous

Unit of length: see length, Unit ofunit(s) (of measurement), .....: see measurement, ..... unit ofunit, Organisational: see Organisational unitunit, Processing: see Processing unitunit, Sampling: see Sampling unitunit, Visual display: see terminal, Visual display

Universal

Universal class: see class, Universal

Universe STANDARD REFERENCER: A5

Universe of discourse STANDARD REFERENCER: D4, E4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 Universe of discourseAll those entities of interest that have been, are, or ever might be

Update VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDSI 1087-2:1999 11.4/10.4 UpdateTo add, delete or change data


upload (to) VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11, D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 11.13 UploadExport programs or data from a connected computer or to a data medium

A11 ISO/FDSI 1087-2:1999 10.13 UploadExport programs or data from a connected computer or from a data medium to another computer

D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.37 upload (to)To transfer programs or data from a connected computer to a computer with greater resources, typically from a personal computer to a mainframe

User STANDARD REFERENCER: B4, C1, D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 User (of information systems)Anybody or anything that issues commands and messages to the information system and receive messages from the information system

User (Construction Industry application)STANDARD REFERENCER: F2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:F2 ISO 6241:1984 4.1 UserPerson, animal or object which a building is designed to accommodate

User data segment: see data segment, User

User-friendly ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.22 User-friendlyPertaining o ease and convenience of use of humans

User manuals

User requirement: see requirement, UserUser terminal: see terminal, User

V ValidationSTANDARD REFERENCER: H1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.18 ValidationConfirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled

NOTES 1 In design and development, validation concerns the process of examining a product to determine

conformity with user needs2 Validation is normally performed on the final product under defined operating

conditions. It maybe necessary in earlier stages3 The term 'validation' is used to designate the corresponding status4 Multiple validations may be carried out if there are different intended users

ValueSTANDARD REFERENCER: A8

value, Data element: see Data element valuevalue literal, Attribute: see Attribute value literal

value, NominalSTANDARD REFERENCER: J2


J2 ISO 3534-2:1993 1.4.2 Nominal valueValue of a characteristic designated in a given design specification or drawing

NOTES 1 This may be the target value or dimension from which variations are permitted within a specified

tolerance zone

2 In English the term 'rated value' is sometimes used with this meaning and 'nominal value' is

used with the meaning 'a suitable approximation'

value, ObservedSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 2.6+3.6 Observed valueThe value of a characteristic obtained as the result of a single observation

Value (of a quantity): see quantity, Value of avalue (of a quantity), Conventional true: see quantity, Conventional true value of avalue (of a quantity), Numerical: see quantity, Numerical value of avalue (of a quantity), True: see quantity, True value of avalue scale, Reference-: see Reference-value scale (of a quantity or property)

value, SortSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 4.1/3.1 Sort valuePosition of an element of a character set according to a predefined order

EXAMPLEIn French, the letter A has a lower sort value than the letter B. The question of

whether or not toassign lower-case letters the same sort value as their upper-case counterpart

will depend on theapplication. Letters with discritics are sometimes treated like the corresponding

basic letterandsometimes as a different letter.

value, TrueSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 3.2 True value (of a quantity) oThe value which characterizes a quantity perfectly defined in the conditions which exist when that quantity is considered

NOTE The true value of a quantity is a theoretical concept and, in general, cannot be known exactly

(o This definition is taken from DS 2344:1989 'International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology')

Variable STANDARD REFERENCER: D4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D4 ISO/TR 9007:1987 VariableA term which refers to unspecified, indetermined entities in the universe of discourse

variable, RandomSTANDARD REFERENCER: J1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:J1 ISO 3534-1:1993 1.2 Random variable; VariateA variable that may take any of the value of a specified set of valuesand with which is associated a probability distribution

NOTES 1 A random variable that may take only isolated values is said to be 'discrete'. A random variable

which may take any value within a finite or infinite interval is said to be 'continuous'

2 The probability of an event A is denoted by ........

velocity, Rotational

velocity, Translational

VerificationSTANDARD REFERENCER: B4, H1, K3

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:H1 DS/EN ISO 8402:1995 2.17 VerificationConfirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled

NOTES 1 In design and development, verification concerns the process of examining the result of a given

activity to determine conformity with the stated requirements for that activity2 The term 'verified' is used to designete the corresponding status

Video display terminal: see terminal, Visual display

ViewSTANDARD REFERENCER:

View concepts: see concepts, Viewview, Enterprise: see Enterprise viewview, Function: see Function viewview, Information: see Information viewview, Object: see Object viewview, Organisational: see Organisational view

ViewpointSTANDARD REFERENCER:

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WD:Viewpoint 1. a place affording a view of something; position of observation.

Viewpoint 2. an attitude of mind, or the circumstances of an individual that conduce to such an attitude.

Virtual ADJSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.01.49 VirtualPertaining to a functional unit that appears to be real, but whose functions are accomplished by other means

Visual display terminal: see terminal, Visual displayVisual display unit: see terminal, Visual display

Vocabulary STANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A7, A8, A9, B4, G1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A9 ISO/DIS 1087-1:1997 3.7.3 VocabularyTerminological dictionary which contains designations and definitions from one or more specific subject fields

NOTE The vocabulary may be monolingual, bilingual or multilingual

W'Weltanschauungen'

Where-aspect: see aspect, Where-

Whole STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, A8

Whole-and-part system: see system, Whole-and-part

Will

Word STANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A6, B1, B2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 3.4.1 Grammatical analysis of complex terms66 Ord

Word (in syntactic sense)A term which is not complex (but a 'root-word') or which is an asyntactic phrase.

EXAMPLE In English, a word in the syntactic sense may often be written as one or more

orthographic words,as e.g. slideway or slide way.

A6 ISO 1087:1990 5.5.3.1 WordSmallest linguistic unit conveying a specific meaning and capable of existing as a separate unit in a sentence.

NOTE A written word is marked off by spaces or punctuation marks before and after.

B1 ISO 5127-1:1983 1.1.2-05 Word (1)The smallest entity in a language which can convey a specific meaning by itself, and which is capable of existing as a separate unit in a sentence.

NOTE When it is a written form (orthographic word) the word is marked off by spaces or punctuation

marks before and after.

1.1.2-06 Word (2) in data processing)Character string that is convenient for some purpose to consider as an entity.

REF. ISO 2382-4

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-08 Word (1) (in data processing)Character string that is considered as a unit for a given purpose.

NOTE ISO 2382-4 also gives a definition for 'alphabetic word'. - ISO 2382-4

1.1.2-07 Word (2) (short form): see word, Orthographic

(word) Base form STANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A8, A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 1.13/2.13 Base form (of a word)Word form chosen according to lexigraphical conventions representing the forms of a paradigm

EXAMPLEBind: bind, bound, binds, binding

NOTE 1 The term 'base form' is also applied to multi-word termsNOTE 2 This entry is pending to coordination with ISO 1087-1

word, CompoundSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, B4

word, DerivativeSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A8

word, EntrySTANDARD REFERENCER: B4

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:B4 DS-Håndbog 109:1996 Ordningsord (Entry word)Det ord hvorunder en indførsel er ordnet i en bibliografi.

Word formSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.11/2.11 word form(Any) morphosyntactical variant of a given word

EXAMPLES indicate: indicatesvisitor: visitor's

NOTE 1 In inflecting languages, word forms often are equivalents to inflected forms, e.g. 'go', 'goes';

but also: 'go', 'went', 'gone'.NOTE 2 This definition does not comprise orthographic variants.NOTE 3 This entry is pending to coordination with ISO 1087-1.

word form, DeinflectedSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 3.17/2.17 Deinflected word formWord part remaining after deinflection

Word form index: see index, Word formWord index: see Word form indexword index, Lemmatized: see index, Lemmatized wordword, Multi-: see Multi-word

word, OrthographicSTANDARD REFERENCER: A5, A8, B2STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A5 DS/ISO/R 1087:1978 67 Typografisk ord(Orthographic word)A term the graphic form of which, when written in a text, is marked off by two successive empty spaces.

EXAMPLESslideway; slide-way; F glissiére; F chemin; D Bahn

A8 ISO/CD 1087-1:1995 3.4.9 Orthographic word - word (short form)smallest syntactic unit conveying a specific meaning and capable of existing as a separate unit in a sentence.

NOTE 1 An orthographic word is marked off by spaces or punctuation marks before and

after.NOTE 2 Orthographic words consists of one or several morphemes.

B2 ISO/DIS 5127-1:1996 1.1.2-07 Orthographic word (Word (2) (short form))Smallest semantic unit conveying a specific meaning and capable of existing as a separate unit in a sentance.

NOTE An orthographic word is marked off by spaces or punctuation marks before and after. - ISO 1087-1

Word partSTANDARD REFERENCER: A6, A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995 3.16 Word part (word segment)An arbitrary defined segment of a word form produced for a special application

A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 2.18 Word part (word segment)Character string taken from a word form for a specific application

Word processing: see also Text processing

Word processingSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.06.10 Word processing; Text processingData processing operations on text, such as entering, editing, sorting, merging, retrieving, storing, displaying, or printing

word, ReservedSTANDARD REFERENCER: E2

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER::E2 ISO/DIS 10303-11:1992 7.3 Reserved wordsThe reserved words of EXPRESS are the keywords and the names of built-in constants, functions and procedures. The reserved words shall not be used as identifiers. The reserved words of EXPRESS are described below.(her vises nogle eksempler på keywords fra table 2: ABSTRACT, AGGREGATE, ALIAS, ARRAY, AS, BAG, BEGIN, BINARY, BOOLEAN, BY, CASE, CONSTANT)

words, Root-STANDARD REFERENCER: A5

Word segment: see Word partword term, Multi-: see term, Multi-word

Work STANDARD REFERENCER:

ORDFORKLARINGER FRA WDWork 1. exertion or effort directed to produce or accomplish something; labor; toil.

SYNONYMER: WORK, (DRUDGERY, LABOR, TOIL), refer to exertion of body or mind in

performing or accomplishing something. WORK is the general word, and may apply to exertion

which is either easy or hard. Work 2. that on which exertion or labor is expended; something to be made or done; a task or undertaking.

SYNONYMER: Enterprise-Project-Job-Responsibility.Work 3. productive or operative activity.

SYNONYMER: Industry-Occupation-Business.Work 4. employment, as in some form of industry, esp. as a means of earning one's livelihood.

SYNONYMER: Trade-Calling-Vocation-Profession.Work 5. materials, things, etc., on which one is working or is to work.Work 6. the result of exertion, labor, or activity; a deed or performance.

SYNONYMER: Product-Achievement-Feat.Work 7. a product of exertion, labor, or activityWork 8. an engineering structure, as a building, bridge, dock, or the like.Work 9. a building, wall, trench, or the like, constructed or made as a means of fortification.Work 10 Work 11-21

VWork 22. to do work; labor

SYNONYMER: Toil-Moll-Drudge.Work 23. to be employed, as in some industry, esp. as a means of earning one's livelihoodWork 24. to be in operation, as a machineWork 25. to act or operate effectivelyWork 26.Work 27. to have an effect or influence, as on a person or on the mind or feelings of a person.Work 28-33.Work 34. to use or manage (an apparatus, contrivance, etc.) in operation

SYNONYMER: Operate-Manipulate-Handle.Work 35. to bring about (any result) by or as by work or effort; effect, accomplish, cause, or do

SYNONYMER: Perform-Execute-Produce-Achieve.Work 36-39.Work 40.

SYNONYMER: Finish-Form-Shape.Work 42.Work 43.

SYNONYMER: MoveWork 44-53.

SYNONYMER FRA ODS:1. Toil-Labor (that fatigues)-Exertion-Drudgery-'Elbow grease'-Pain-Grind.2. Occupation-Employment-Business-Task; Office-Function.3. Product (of labor)-Opus-Composition-Performance-Production-Fruit-Achievement-Accomplishment-Handiwork-Deed-Action-Feat.4. Fabric-Structure-Manufacture.5. Leaven-Ferment.6. Management-Treatment.

Work process: see process, WorkWork result: see result, WorkWork section process: see process, Work section Work section result: see result, Work section work, Terminology: see Terminology workWorkprocess: see process, Work

WorkstationSTANDARD REFERENCER: D1

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:D1 ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 01.03.13 WorkstationA functional unit that usually has special purpose computing capabilities and includes user-oriented input units and output units

EXAMPLEA programmable terminal, a nonprogrammable terminal or a stand-alone

microcomputer

World

world, Entity: see Entity worldworld, Proposition: see Proposition world

Write VSTANDARD REFERENCER: A10, A11

STANDARD DEFINITIONER, BESKRIVELSER:A10 ISO/DIS 1087-2:1995/ A11 ISO/FDIS 1087-2:1999 9.2/8.2 WriteMake a permanent or transient recording of data on a data medium
