listening to learn chapter 7. 4 types of listening (figure 7-1 – p. 214) discriminative ...
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LISTENING TO LEARN
Chapter 7
4 Types of Listening (Figure 7-1 – p. 214)
DiscriminativeDistinguish among sounds and develop a
sensitivity to nonverbal communicationAesthetic
Listen for pleasure or enjoyment Efferent
Listening to learn and acquire information Critical
Evaluate messages to counteract persuasion and propaganda
Aesthetic Listening
Interactive Read-Alouds – Step by Step – p. 216
Choosing books– Choose books you like and think will
appeal to studentsRereading
– Children benefit from repeated readings
Benefits of Reading Aloud
Stimulates interestBroadens interests and taste for quality
literature Introduces students to sounds of
written language, genres, and elements of text structure
Benefits of Reading Aloud
Expands vocabulary, sentence patterns, and background knowledge
Students listen to books that are above their reading level
Teachers model what good readers do
Students are more likely to become lifelong readers
Responding to Stories
Five types of responses– Dramatizing – act out story– Talking back – to characters to give
advice, criticize, or compliment– Critiquing control – suggest alternative
plots, characters, or settings– Inserting – inserts self or friends in story– Taking over- take over text to manipulate it
in own way
Aesthetic Listening
Listening and Viewing– Students can
make comparisons between book and video version
examine conventions used in video productions
Guidelines for Using Videos
1. Preview the video.
2. Plan how to use the video.
3. Set the purpose.
4. Use the pause function.
5. Re-view the video.
6. Vary the procedures used to show videos.
7. Compare the author’s and camera’s views.
8. Respond to the video.
Teaching Aesthetic Listening
Strategies– Predicting – what will happen next– Visualizing – create image or picture in
mind– Connecting
Text-to-textText-to-selfText-to-world
Provide minilessons
Assessing Aesthetic Listening
Judge predictions students make Listen to comments as students talk about
stories Read entries in students’ reading logs Check that students transfer use of listening
strategies to reading and viewing
Efferent Listening
Techniques to improve students’ listening– Activating background knowledge
Anticipation Guide – Step by Step – p. 225
– Setting purpose– Using manipulatives
objects, pictures, photos, word cards, etc.
– Creating graphic organizers– Students take notes
Reading Aloud Informational Books
Choose high-quality books Actively involve children in the reading
experience Point out features of informational books Teach efferent listening strategies Use graphic organizers Plan oral performances
Reading Aloud Informational Books
After reading– Talk about the book– Complete graphic organizer– Write in reading log– Create projects – posters, oral reports,
found poems, informational quilts (like story quilts)
Teaching Efferent Listening
Strategies– Organizing
T-chart, Venn diagram, cluster diagram, etc.
– Summarizing– Getting clues from speaker– Monitoring
Assessing Efferent Listening
Objective testsHave students reflect on and talk about
the listening strategies they used
Critical Listening
Persuasion and Propaganda – Propaganda devices – Figure 7-7 – p. 235
Strategies– Ask
what is speaker’s/author’s purposeis there intellectual, character, or emotional
appealif propaganda devices are usedif deceptive language or inflated language are
used
Teaching Critical Listening
Have students– View commercials– Create commercials / advertisements - Step
by Step – p. 236– Collect, display, and examine advertisements– Listen to read-alouds of trade books– Participate in minilessons
Assessing Critical Listening
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Listening Process Step 1: Receiving
The listener receives the aural stimuli, or aural & visual stimuli presented by the speaker.
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Listening Process Step 2: Attending
Listener focuses on selected stimuli while ignoring distracting stimuli.
“Paying attention” componentNot necessarily related to physical
behaviors
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Listening Process Step 3: Assigning Meaning
Listener understands the speaker’s message.
Uses assimilation & accommodation to fit the message into their existing cognitive structures or to create new structures.
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Comprehensive Listening Strategies:Forming pictures or mental images/ Imagery Visualizing strategy
Students may form mental images or pictures while listening to messages which include visual descriptions and/or details.
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Comprehensive Listening Strategies: Monitoring
Students may ask themselves questions to monitor their listening:– "Why am I listening?" – "What does this mean (in my own
words or thoughts)?" – "Does this information make sense?" – "How can I use this information?“– "What will I have to do with this
information?”
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Comprehensive Listening Strategies: Asking Questions
Students may ask the speaker questions to clarify meaning, deepen their understanding, and/or reduce/eliminate confusion.
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Comprehensive Listening Strategies: Discovering the Plan
Ability to recognize the organizational plan of the speaker, & to use the plan to understand & remember the message.
Teach each organizational pattern separately before requiring students both to identify the correct pattern & to apply the pattern to their listening.
Incorporating graphic organizers for each of the organizational patterns allows an auditory message to become more visual.
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Comprehensive Listening Strategies: Discovering the Plan
Note-taking: Students may apply knowledge of organizational plans & use graphic organizers to assist with note-taking.
Organizational Patterns:– Categorization– Description– Sequence– Comparison & contrast– Cause & effect– Problem & solution
Root, VSU26
Children's Literature Related to Listening
Balian, L. (1972). The aminal. New York: Abingdon Press.
Keats, E.J. (1962). The snowy day. New York: Viking.
Lester, H. (1995). Listen Buddy. New York: Trumpet.
Pfeffer, W. (1999). Sounds all around. New York: Scholastic.
Root, VSU27
Children's Literature Related to Listening (cont.)
Showers, P. (1990). Ears are for hearing. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Junior Books.
Showers, P. (1961). The listening walk. New York: HarperCollins.
Stanley, D. (1983). The conversation club. New York: Macmillan.
Wells, R. (1973). Noisy Nora. New York: Dial Press.