In The Name of Allah In The Name of Allah The Most Beneficent The Most Beneficent

The Most MercifulThe Most Merciful

Introducing LiteratureIntroducing Literature As A Reflection of As A Reflection of Life in… Life in… The Written WordThe Written Word• everything that has ever been written.everything that has ever been written.• Anything from the earliest poems of Anything from the earliest poems of

Homer, to today’s web pages, Homer, to today’s web pages, • in a specific language in a specific language • in a specific culture in a specific culture • usually considered as a great work of art usually considered as a great work of art • Is Literature!Is Literature!

Literature DefinedLiterature Defined• The word The word literatureliterature comes from the comes from the

French phrase belles-lettres, which French phrase belles-lettres, which meansmeans“beautiful writing”. “beautiful writing”.

• Literature can be written in a specific Literature can be written in a specific language, like English Literature or language, like English Literature or be written by a specific culture, such be written by a specific culture, such as African Literature. as African Literature.

The Great Ages of LiteratureThe Great Ages of Literature• Golden AgeGolden Age • In classical mythology, the earliest In classical mythology, the earliest

period of human life, when human period of human life, when human beings lived without labour and beings lived without labour and sorrow. sorrow.

• This was followed by This was followed by Silver Silver And And BronzeBronze Ages , the age of heroes Ages , the age of heroes

• and the and the Iron Age,Iron Age, of labour and of labour and strife.strife.

Golden AgeGolden Age • 1. a fabled primeval period of perfect 1. a fabled primeval period of perfect

human happiness and innocence, in human happiness and innocence, in which the earth yielded her fruits without which the earth yielded her fruits without toil, and all creatures lived in peace.toil, and all creatures lived in peace.

• 2. the most illustrious period of a 2. the most illustrious period of a nation's literature or prosperitynation's literature or prosperity

• Written works were translated from:Written works were translated from:• LatinLatin- - Greek/RomanGreek/Roman- to - to EnglishEnglish• 1212th to theth to the 14th Century -1340 14th Century -1340

Classical MythologyClassical Mythology

• Body of traditional stories symbolically Body of traditional stories symbolically underlying a given culture. These stories underlying a given culture. These stories describe gods and other supernatural describe gods and other supernatural beings with whom humans may have beings with whom humans may have relationships, and are often intended to relationships, and are often intended to explain the workings of the universe, explain the workings of the universe, nature, or human history.nature, or human history.

Great Impulses behind Great Impulses behind LiteratureLiterature• Our Our • desire for self expressiondesire for self expression• interest in people and their doingsinterest in people and their doings• interest in the world of interest in the world of RealityReality in in

which we live and our world of which we live and our world of ImaginationImagination which we create which we create

• love of form as form-literature love of form as form-literature here becomes an Art.here becomes an Art.

There are two main classes There are two main classes ofof literature: literature: Fiction and Nonfiction Fiction and Nonfiction• FictionFiction is writing that an author creates is writing that an author creates

from the imagination, may include personal from the imagination, may include personal experiences, or facts about real people or experiences, or facts about real people or events.events.

• Fiction is narrative writingFiction is narrative writing, such as novels , such as novels and short stories, includes drama and poetry.and short stories, includes drama and poetry.

• NonfictionNonfiction is factual writing about real-life is factual writing about real-life essay, biography, autobiography, and diary. essay, biography, autobiography, and diary.

Fiction hasFiction hasCharacters as Characters as The Prince of The Prince of Thieves Robin Thieves Robin

HoodHood famous for his gallantry, famous for his gallantry,

robbing the rich to feed the robbing the rich to feed the poor and fighting against poor and fighting against

injustice and tyranny. injustice and tyranny. Anyone who knows of Anyone who knows of

Robin has also heard the Robin has also heard the stories of his outlaw band. stories of his outlaw band.

Children as The Orphan Children as The Orphan Oliver Twist Oliver Twist

Setting/Time: England in The Victorian Age 1830s

Fiction has a Setting :Fiction has a Setting : The Time, Place and Period It has Action called : A Plot

The Bean Trees: Arizona/Oklahoma 1980s.The Catcher

in the Rye:

New York, 1940s

Lord of the Flies: deserted island,

the future.

Elements of A PlotElements of A Plot• • • Conflict

•Man VS Man

•Man VS Nature

•Man VS Society

•Man VS Himself

ThemeThemeThe theme of a piece of fiction is its Central Idea. It usually contains some insight into the human condition.•As …………• Jealousy• Revenge• Ambition

SymbolismSymbolismA symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept larger than itself.

A Journey can symbolize life.

Black can represent evil or death.

Water may represent a new beginning.

A lion could be a symbol of courage.

The City As Hero:The City As Hero:Victorian London in Life and Literature Victorian London in Life and Literature

Literature can Help UsLiterature can Help Us To To •solve problemssolve problems• understand peopleunderstand people•And their behaviourAnd their behaviour•handle and improve criticalhandle and improve critical situationssituations• analyse management analyse management responsesresponses

Literature Through The Literature Through The AgesAges• Exploring Literature and Language is Exploring Literature and Language is

a challenging, thrilling, and often a challenging, thrilling, and often dangerous adventure. dangerous adventure.

• The journey can be long and arduous The journey can be long and arduous or short and painless, but either way or short and painless, but either way it is always satisfying to undertake it is always satisfying to undertake and successfully complete. and successfully complete.

As flies to wanton boys are we to As flies to wanton boys are we to the Gods, they kill us for their the Gods, they kill us for their sport’ sport’ King LearKing Lear

‘ ‘I have no way, therefore I I have no way, therefore I want no eyes, I stumbled when want no eyes, I stumbled when I saw’ I saw’ King LearKing Lear

Thank you AllThank you All

CERCER