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    LITERATURE SURVEY

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    An FPGA Implementation of Array

    LDPC Decoder

    Lo Den!ity Parity C"ec# $LDPC% code i! an error correctin& code'

    FPGA implementation for array (a!ed LDPC code! "elp! ac"ie)e

    (eteen "ardare comple+ity and decodin& !peed'

    ,)er -./ memory can (e red0ced and 11-(p! t"ro0&"p0t can (e ac"i

    Calc0lation! are independent (eteen )aria(le node! or c"ec# node

    iteration'

    LDPC code! are !0ita(le for parallel implementation'

    Lo lo&ic con!0mption'

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    C,PLE:ITY A5ALYSIS A5D

    APPLICATI,5

    e!!a&e memory can (e red0ced 0p to -./'

    Ro0tin& pro(lem! in "i&" parallel le)el decoder de!i&n can (e totally re!o

    T"e propo!ed arc"itect0re di)ide! t"e c"ec# node operation into 6- !

    !tep contain! only one le)el comparator' ;ence7 t"e cloc# !pee

    !i&nificantly increa!ed'

    Can (e 0!ed in application! "ic" need! "i&" rate LDPC code! in a

    !en!iti)e comm0nication !y!tem!'

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    V;DL De!i&n and FPGA Implementation of a f0lly parallel =C;

    SIS, Decoder

    A de!i&n and $FPGA% implementation of arc"itect0re of a f0lly par

    decoder for t0r(o decodin& of t"e prod0ct code! it" lo comple+ity fo

    rate application! i! propo!ed'

    In t"i!7 >oint e+ploitation of paralleli!m !ym(ol and paralleli!m of !0(

    done to to ac"ie)e "i&" data rate'

    C"a!e*Pyndia" al&orit"m i! 0!ed in t"e propo!ed !y!tem'

    T"e decoder can reac" !ome data rate !0perior to t"e G(it

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    3,R4I5G

    T"e !0(*(loc# of t"e recei)in& part or#! in parallel on t"e inp0!im0ltaneo0!ly'

    T"e!e operation! are t"e comp0tation of t"e !yndrome and t"e !ortin&

    lea!t relia(le component!'

    All data on t"e fir!t ri!in& ed&e of t"e cloc# i! o(tained'

    ,ne period allo! to proce!! all te!t )ector!@ calc0latin& !yndrome7 dec

    comp0tin& metric for eac" "ard deci!ion related to te!t )ector'

    T"e c"o!en arc"itect0re re0ire! only 2*cloc#*cycle latency'

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    V;DL De!i&n and FPGA Implementation o

    3ei&"ted a>ority Lo&ic Decoder!

    V;DL de!i&n and FPGA $Field Pro&ramma(le Gate Array!% implementaparallel arc"itect0re! for ma>ority lo&ic decoder i! propo!ed'

    T"e arc"itect0re! are "ard deci!ion arc"itect0re and t"e SI;, t"re!"old

    Aim i! to o(tain lo comple+ity for "i&" data rate application!'

    T"e code 0!ed i! t"e Difference Set Cyclic code'

    In electronic de!i&n7 t"e comple+ity of t"e circ0it i! a critical para

    operatin& !peed m0!t (e ma+imied it" limitation of comple+ity ind0

    paralleli!m of calc0lation!'

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    3,R4I5G

    T"e arc"itect0re of t"e t"re!"old decodin& "a! t"ree f0ndamental 0nit!'

    T"e !"ift re&i!ter contain! t"e 0antified !ym(ol! recei)ed in parallel7 t"e

    t"e re&i!ter i! controlled (y inp0t on t"e fir!t ri!in& front of t"e cloc#'

    In t"e implementation of t"e add*min operator and t"e adder7 t"e n0m(er

    port! m0!t (e confi&0ra(le a! ell a! t"e n0m(er of (it! per port to a)oid

    performance of t"e correction error!'

    T"e re!0lt! of t"e add*min operation7 t"e addition and t"e deci!ion are a

    t"e o0tp0t at eac" ri!in& ed&e of t"e cloc#'

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    RESULTS

    T"e approac" of t"e V;DL de!i&n and FPGA implementation of t

    propo!ed allo to ac"ie)e )ery "i&" data rate it" red0cin& comple+ity'

    A com(inatorial arc"itect0re or#in& in pipelined and parallelied mod

    adopted'

    T"e "ard deci!ion decoder re!pond! on t"e fir!t ri!in& ed&e of t"e c

    comple+ity of 1-9 LE!7 for t"re!"old decodin& re0irin& 22 cloc# cycle!

    t"e code ord i! decoded it" a comple+ity of 2? Le!'

    T"e decoder can (e 0!ed on a t0r(o proce!! in order to ac"ie)e a "i&

    t0r(o decoder it" a rea!ona(le comple+ity'

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    De!i&n and FPGA Implementation of

    Stoc"a!tic T0r(o Decoder

    Stoc"a!tic decodin& i! an alternati)e tec"ni0e for decodin& of error

    code!'

    T"e !itc"in& acti)ity !en!iti)ity i! circ0m)ented and t"e latc"in& p

    red0ced (y tran!formin& t"e !toc"a!tic addition! into !toc"a!tic m0ltip

    t"e e+ponential domain and 0!in& m0ltiple !tream! it" determini!tic !"0

    T"e pro(a(ilitie! are con)erted into !tream! of !toc"a!tic (it! 0!in&

    !e0ence! in "ic" t"e information i! &i)en (y t"e !tati!tic! of t"e (it !tre

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    T"e to main feat0re! of t"i! approac" for iterati)e decodin& are )

    "ardare !tr0ct0re! of comp0tin& node! and "i&"*t"ro0&"p0t decodin&'

    T0r(o code! are a family of FEC! t"at are e!pecially attracti)e

    comm0nication !y!tem!' E+ploitation of t"e ma+im0m fea!i(le a

    paralleli!m in t0r(o decoder! i! preferred for t"e !a#e of "i&"er t"ro0&"p0

    ,ne ma>or pro(lem in !toc"a!tic decodin& "ic" deeply de&rade! t"e pe

    i! related to t"e !en!iti)ity to t"e le)el of random !itc"in& acti)ity'

    T"e propo!ed arc"itect0re7 0!e! m0ltiple !tream! in parallel'

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    ST,C;ASTIC IPLEE5TATI,5 ,F

    T;E APP ALG,RIT;

    For con)ol0tional t0r(o code!7 t"e decodin& i! performed 0!in& t"e =CR

    al!o #non a! t"e AP al&orit"m'

    T"e !toc"a!tic decodin& of t0r(o code! re0ire! t"e !toc"a!tic comp0t

    applied to a tail*(itin& A Po!teriori Pro(a(ility $APP% al&orit"m7 "ic" re

    trelli! repre!entation'

    T"ere are a! many !ection! a! !ym(ol! to decode and eac" !ection i! m

    fi)e mod0le!'

    Eac" !toc"a!tic decodin& !tep i! referred to a! a decodin& cycle

    corre!pond! to t"e o0tp0t of one ne (it for eac" !toc"a!tic 0nit' T"e

    proce!! terminate! "en a ma+im0m n0m(er of DC! i! reac"ed'

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    ULTIPLE STREA DEC,DI5G ,F

    TUR=, C,DES

    To !ol)e t"e latc"in& pro(lem7 and to impro)e t"e =ER performance of

    decodin&7 proced0re! are 0!ed7 !0c" a! 0!in& !0pernode!7 !calin& t"

    Lo&*Li#eli"ood Ratio! $LLR!% 0p to a ma+im0m )al0e7 Ed&e emo

    in!ertion and 5oi!e* Dependent Scalin& $5DS%'

    T"e!e !ol0tion! aim at re*randomiin& and decorrelatin& !toc"a!tic !trea

    An E i! a comple+ 0nit (a!ed on a re&i!ter in "ic" only )al0a(le (it!

    a! re&enerati)e (it!7 i'e' a)oidin& !i&nal! !t0c# at . or 17 are ritten an

    read'

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    S0c" a 0nit i! efficient to !ol)e t"e latc"in& pro(lem "en t"e re&i!te

    !0fficient $typically (eteen 92 and B6% and "en it i! d0plicated for an

    t"e decodin& &rap" An E pic#! 0p a re&enerati)e (it from a pool "en occ0r!'

    An E pic#! 0p a re&enerati)e (it from a pool "en correlation occ0r!'

    t"e correlation (eteen t"e conc0rrent !tream!7 more t"an to are re0ir

    In a m0ltiple !tream arc"itect0re7 all t"e !tream! and t"e lo&ic &ate! are

    p time! $p2% and t"e random (it !election i! done (y a !imple !"0ffler'

    T"e e+ponential !toc"a!tic approac" ena(le! t"e n0m(er of DC! to (from 2?.4 to 924' T"e 92*!tream! !toc"a!tic decoder it" !"0ffler! re

    14 DC!'

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    RESULT

    T"e n0m(er of decodin& cycle! i! con!idera(ly red0ced it" no pe

    de&radation (y tran!formin& t"e !toc"a!tic addition! into !toc"a!tic m0

    in t"e e+ponential domain and 0!in& m0ltiple !tream! it" determini!tic !

    An FPGA*(a!ed arc"itect0re for a f0lly*parallel 8*!tream! !toc"a!tic de

    $n H 6.7 R H 1

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    T;A54 Y,U


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