live webinar - avl
TRANSCRIPT
AVL Emission Test Systems
Public
Patrick Ulmerich
Michael Scheytt
LIVE WEBINAREvaporative Emission Regulation & Testing
Daniel Baumann, IT
Patrick Ulmerich, Dipl.-Ing. (FH)
Application Manager
Since 1994 working in Emission business
Engagement of EVAP Applications started in 1999
Michael Scheytt, Dipl.-Ing.
Product Manager
Since 1997 working in Emission business
Engagement in EVAP Applications started in 2012
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 3Public | [email protected]
RDE
CO2
§
Challenges
EVAP
WLTP/1066
EVAP
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 4Public | [email protected]
Emission Legislation
Introduction and Overview
New Regulations and Requirements
System Solutions and TrendsEvaporativeEmissions
Summary
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 5Public | [email protected]
Legend:
Nigeria
Morocco
EgyptAlgeria
S-Africa
Legislation: Passenger cars 2018 – 2025 (expected)
Euro-6d Euro-5 or equivalent
PROCONVE L6
China 6b
AustraliaNew Zealand
EPA Tier 3
CARB LEV III
EuropeNorth America
Brazil
China
Euro-6 or equivalent
Russia and Eurasia
EPA Tier 2 / CARB LEV II
Euro-4 or equivalent
Mexico
EPA Tier 2 / Euro-5
Chile
Euro-5 or equivalent
Argentina
Bharat VI
India
PPNLT
Japan
Africa
EPA Tier-3 / Euro-6
South Korea
Euro-4 or prior
or equivalent
ASEA
Iraq, OmanSaudi Arabia
Euro-4, prior
or equivalent
UN-ECE basedEU-0 …4
US based legislation
US / UN-ECElegislation
UN-ECE basedEU-5 … 6c
UN-ECE basedEU-6d
Laboratorytests
Real DrivingEmissions
RDE Monitoring ordefeat device chasing
Euro-4, prior
or equivalent
EVAP
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 6Public | [email protected]
EVAP TEST SEGMENTATION
Testing Facility
DIURNAL ORVR
HOT SOAK
RUNNING LOSS
CD SHED
SHEDGasoline
RL-SHED
Chassis Dyno
Chassis Dyno
SHED
SHED
Workshop Gasoline
E85
E10
Fuel Station
COP Durability
Pre-Con
& Stability
R&D
Preparation
Baking 50°C
Soak Area14°C
Soak Area23°C
Soak Area38°C
Soak Area20°C
FACILITY OVERVIEW AND STRUCTURE
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 7Public | [email protected]
EVAPORATIVE EMISSION TEST TYPES
Point Source
Test
ORVR
Test / Spit back
Onboard Refueling
Vapor Recovery test
determines fuel
vapor THC
emissions coming
out of the tank by
new fuel being
pumped into it
Running-Loss Test
Evaporative THC
emissions during
driving the vehicle
on a chassis dyno,
which is build into
the SHED chamber
RL-SHED
Chassis Dyno
Hot Soak
Test
SHED
Evaporative THC-Emissions after
a vehicle was driven (engine is
still hot) and tested
Transfer timing (chassis dyno TC
VV/VT-SHED) required
Diurnal
Test
SHED
Evaporative THC
emissions “over
the day” while the
vehicle is parked
24h, 48h, 72h
Evaporative THC
emissions during
driving the vehicle
on a chassis dyno
are measured at
points, where
evaporated THC
might be emitted
Chassis Dyno
Bleed Emission
Test
SHED
Like Diurnal test, but
the bleed emissions
(openings of the fuel
system) are analyzed
separately by a
separate small Passive
SHED within the
VV/VT-SHED chamber
orEVAP Test PreparationCanister Conditioning &
Testing
CANLOAD SYSTEMS
Component
Testing
Testing of
Components of
OEM Suppliers
such as Fuel
Tanks or
Canisters
SHED /
CANLOADSHED
Gasoline
Puff-Loss
Test
SHED
Sealed Tanks
System Test
based on 12h
Diurnal Cycle
Canister
Aging
Canister Aging
300 cycles GWC
followed by 5
cycles of BWC
CANLOAD
PF
Determination
20w aging
process with
SHED 24h
measurement
after 3w and 20w
SHED Midi
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 8Public | [email protected]
EVAP PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
VV/VT-SHED
FUELLOAD
CANLOADRL SHED
Point Source
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 9Public | [email protected]
EVAP APPLICATION: LD VEHICLES
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓EU
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓USA ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (✓)
Japan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
China ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓
Brazil ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Korea ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Unit Under Test SHED Chambers Sampling and Test Devices Analytics Conditioning Devices
UUTSHED
Chamber
Variable
Vol. / Temp
Passive
Chamber
THC
Analysis
CH4
Analysis
Ethanol
Analysis
NH3
Analysis
Running
Loss SHEDC anisterC ond.
with Fuel
Vapor
Purge Air
Cond.
Fueling
StationFuel Cond.
ORVR
Devices
Spit-Back
Devices
Point
Source
Running
Loss CD
✓
✓
✓
Heating
Devices
Chassis Dyno
✓
iCal
GDU
iCal
CFO
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓
✓ ✓
Option or AlternativeRequired
✓
✓ ✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓ Rf with FID (100% Ethanol) ✓ Under discussion
✓
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 10Public | [email protected]
Emission Legislation
Introduction and Overview
New Regulations and Requirements
System Solutions and TrendsEvaporativeEmissions
Summary
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 11Public | [email protected]
CHINA 6
China GB 6a for Light Duty Vehicle
▪ Definition of a test type IV and VII
▪ Mix of EU and US regulation with more and more individual elements
▪ Aggressive implementation time schedule
▪ New test cycles and workflows
▪ Reduced emission limits
▪ New testing and facility requirements
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 12Public | [email protected]
CHINA 6 – TIME SCHEDULE
Implementation time scheduleNew Type Register
6a 2019.01.01 2020.01.01
6b 2022.01.01 2023.01.01
RDE 2022.01.01 2023.01.01
23/12/2016: China GB 6a final version release
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 13Public | [email protected]
CHINA 6 – OVERVIEW
▪ Aligned to GTR-15 Requirements e.g. temperature conditioning for prep-drive cycle procedure and vehicle soak
▪ New emission limits 0.7g/test (HS+D, ORVR 0.05g/l) ▪ New temperature level Hot-Soak temperature set point 38°C
High temperature prep-drive cycle 38°C▪ Increased test duration Diurnal test procedure adjusted from 24h to 48h
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 14Public | [email protected]
CHINA 6 – INFORMATION
CD HOST Automation system requirement – EVAP specific prep-cycles
Specific EVAP pre-conditioning drive cycles focusing on “worst-case” scenario canister purge
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 15Public | [email protected]
CHINA 6 – INFORMATION
High temperature Hot Soak Test (SHED)
Temperature setting point: 38°C ± 2°C
(Temperature during test: 33°C ~ 41°C)
High temperature Soak
Requires additional soak or baking enclosures – simplified temperature conditioning (Can be done in a standard VT-SHED as well)
Temperature setting point: 38°C ± 2°C
Standard VT-SHED Operation (Hot-Soak 38°C)
High temperature chassis dyno driving cycle
Investment for RL-SHED or
Climate Chamber TC required !
Temperature setting point: 38°C ± 2°C
wor
kflow
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 16Public | [email protected]
CHINA 6 – ORVR REQUIREMENTS
▪ ORVR test procedure very similar to the existing US procedure
▪ Introduce the 2nd generation of the AVL FUELLOAD ▪ Providing additional ORVR fan for optimized and high dynamic analytical response
▪ Enhanced ORVR bag adapters and fuel nozzle interfaces
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 17Public | [email protected]
GTR-19
WLTP EVAP News
▪ Linked to GTR-15
▪ Effective control of evaporative emission replacing UNR-83
▪ Long-term canister aging process
▪ Real fuel vapor aging
▪ Fuel tank conditioning and aging
▪ Adressing sealed tank systems
▪ EU, Japan will implement it in 2019 (EURO 6d-temp-EVAP)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 18Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 INFORMATION
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 19Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – SOAK REQUIREMENTS
New SHED temperature settings for SOAK procedures and combined SOAK/Diurnal test templates required
SOAK 20 20°C ± 2°CSOAK 23 23°C ± 3°C
DIFFERENT SOAK DEMANDS FOR DIFFERENT WORKFLOWS
May requires additional SOAK areas, SHED functionality or conditioning container solution“Tail pipe SOAK”
SOAK -7°C
SOAK 14°C
SOAK 23°C
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 20Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – VEHICLE CONDITIONING
High temperature request of e.g. 50°C or higher…
Additional baking containers or enclosures required
BAKING FUNCTION FOR VEHICLES OR VEHICLE COMPONENTS
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 21Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – VEHICLE PREPARATION
FUELLOAD function with flexible setpoint adjustment for temperature and volume.Additionally, a special draining circuit with on-board tank and facility interface is integrated.
DRAINING AND REFUELING PROCEDURE FOR SEALED TANK SYSTEMS
Refueling temperatures 18°C ± 2°C
Volume 15% ± 2%Volume 40% ± 2%
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 22Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 INFORMATION
Purge quality control requirement
▪ Validation of the purge quality
WLTCEVAP
EU
New additional EVAP-specific pre-conditioning cycles. The phases are coming from the WLTC phases, but the sequence is different compared to the WLTC test runs for tail pipe emissions.
20°C ± 2°C23°C ± 3°C
CANISTER CONDITIONING - PURGE
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 23Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – TEMPERATURE SIMULATION
Creating a new customized SHED/SHEDCon test template assigning a new or updated temperature profile (LUT)
DIURNAL TEMPERATURE SIMULATION
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 24Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 INFORMATION PF
PF Permeability Factor
▪ Additional VV/VT-SHED Midi / Minifor tank rigs and components
▪ Additional SOAK enclosures with stationary temperature conditioning (40°C) – Container Solutions
▪ Default setting worst case (120mg/d)
▪ PF = HC20w – HC3w
DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY PF
DATA LOGGERTemp.
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 25Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 INFORMATION
MHS + MD1 + MD2 + PF + PF < 2g (Total)
(Instead of reducing the Limit they modify the calculation same effect)
Old calculation
MHS +MD1 < 2g (Total)
HS = Hot SoakD = Diurnal
New calculation
Enhanced workflow, 48h Diurnal Test including a more complex and new final calculation
DIURNAL SHED VEHICLE TESTING & CALCULATION
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 26Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – PUFF-LOSS SIMULATION
Available standard function of CANLOAD – simulation of dynamic loading rates
CANISTER LOADING WITH PUFF-LOSS SIMULATED MASS
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 27Public | [email protected]
TESTING – DYNAMIC LOADING
Screenshots shows set flow [l/min] vs. real flow [l/min] combined with canister weight [g] response
Puff-Loss simulation,
sealed tank systems
(flow reduction ~
depressurization)
BUTANE/N2 BASED DYNAMIC LOAD SIMULATION
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 28Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – SEALED TANK SYSTEMS
SHED, SHEDCon requires a new test template, new sequence and reportRemote access port for ECU-control
PUFF-LOSS SHED TEST PROCEDURE
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 29Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – CANISTER CONDITIONING
CANLOAD dynamic purge function available…
PURGE FLOW MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 30Public | [email protected]
DYNAMIC PURGE QUALITY
Maximum flow validation
set flow 16.39 l/min
real flow 16.36 l/min
Max. difference: -0.03 l/min (-0.2%)
Average flow result (37 min.) validation
set flow 5.03 l/min
real flow 5.09 l/min
Max. difference: +0.06 l/min (+1.2%)
According to CARB RegulationASCII-FILE BASED FLOW SIMULATION (e.g. 1Hz Data)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 31Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 AUX. CANISTER PREPARE
BREAK-THROUGH CANISTER CONDITIONING
Standard parallel process during the UUT canister purge
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 32Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 – CANISTER CONDITIONING
Actual CANLOAD Standard equipped with 0.01g balancesUpgrade available for existing systems
CANLOAD BALANCE REQUIREMENT – RESOLUTION / ACCURACY
The new set of standard balances also improves the Gravimetric Loading-Control of the CANLOAD system. Both balances are having the same resolution and accuracy.
New Required Accuracy ±0.02 g
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 33Public | [email protected]
GRAVIMETRIC LOADING CONTROL
▪ A specific algorithm realizes a
gravimetric control operation during the canister loading process.
▪ Using the online-weight information's,
MFC flow rates, temperature and the target set point the automatic
gravimetric control guarantees a highly accurate loading procedure.
▪ Volume compensation of tubing and
system parts
▪ PI-Control is available for bothoperation modes:
✓ Butane / N2
✓ Fuel Vapor / N2
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 34Public | [email protected]
GTR-19 INFORMATION
Combined test system setupButane + Fuel
Fuel vapor/N2 stabilization (300 cycles) followed by 5 cycles Butane/N2
BWC validation (statistical evaluation)
FUEL VAPOR CANISTER AGING AND STABILISATION
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 35Public | [email protected]
COMBINED TESTING – BUTANE / FUEL VAPOR
System provides combined testing of canister –
butane/N2 and fuel vapor/N2 loading within 1 test project.
Start-up selection between Butane or Fuel
possible
Defined by 3 individual settings for high flexibility of testing by using
▪ Butane Cycles
▪ Fuel Vapor Cycles
▪ Workflow Sequences
Calculation of the overall cycles:
Butane and fuel cycles will be added and
multiplied with the amount of sequences
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 36Public | [email protected]
HOW TO CONTROL 50:50 MIXTURE?
GTR-19 Procedure
§5.1.3.1.1 After the temperature conditioning test and vibration test, the canister shall be aged with a mixture of Type 1 E10 market fuel as specified in paragraph 5.1.3.1.1.1. of this annex and nitrogen or air with a 50 ± 15 percent fuel vapour volume. The fuel vapour fill rate shall be kept between 60 ±20 g/h. The canister shall be loaded to the corresponding breakthrough. Breakthrough shall be considered accomplished when the cumulative quantity of hydrocarbons emitted equals 2 grams.
CARB Bleed Emission Test Procedure
§III.D.12.1.2. Carbon Canister System Purge/Load Cycling with Fuel Vapor. The carbon canister system shall be cycle aged no less than 10 cycles using the gasoline referenced in section III.D.12.1.1 by loading the canister system to 2-gram breakthrough with either a mixture of fuel vapor and nitrogen (50 ± 15 percent fuel vapor by volume) or a mixture of fuel vapor and air (50 ± 15 percent fuel vapor by volume), at a fuel vapor fill rate of 40 to 80 grams per hour. Each loading is followed by purging the canister system with 300 canister bed volume exchanges at 0.8 cfm.
▪ How to control and measure the fuel vapor/N2 mixture?
▪ Is it possible to combine it with an efficiency parameter for the fuel exchange management?
REGULATED STANDARS FOR VAPOR MIX
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 37Public | [email protected]
What is required to verify the 50±15% (vol.) fuel vapor concentration in the mixture?
▪ Direct measurement is difficult due to variation in vapor properties caused by fuel weathering
rvapor = f(temperature, mass lost)
▪ Mass concentration is a more direct measurement but does not satisfy §III.D.12.1.2
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 38Public | [email protected]
AVL SOLUTION FOR FUEL VAPOR MIX
Solution kit foronline validation
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 39Public | [email protected]
TEST DATA EVALUATION
▪ Data reliability is better than expected
▪ Time alignment is important for online calculations (concentration)
▪ Optimized GDM handling ensures the accuracy and reliability (purge, pre-condition, calibration)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 40Public | [email protected]
▪ Use of Fuel Vapor requires heating of “Loading Components” to prevent condensation
▪ Heated evaporator, heated transfer line, heated enclosure, heated canister
▪ Incorporation of Gas Density Meter (GDM) allows for direct online validation of 50 ± 15 %
volumetric fuel vapor concentration
▪ Automatic quality checks during purge of canister (N2, Air, Butane)
▪ Automatic calibration routine before and drift check after test sequence
▪ AVL has developed a canister loading system that is able to validate Fuel Vapor Concentration according to regulatory requirements
▪ Can be used with multiple fuel types
▪ GDM calibration method ensures accuracy
▪ System provides a fuel optimized consumption mode ensuring 50:50 fuel vapor mix by
minimized fuel consumption
Certification fuel is expensive!
GDM CONCLUSIONS
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 41Public | [email protected]
Emission Legislation
Introduction and Overview
New Regulations and Requirements
System Solutions and TrendsEvaporativeEmissions
Summary
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 42Public | [email protected]
TECHNOLOGY: 2025 (AVL Prediction 3/2018 Scenario ”Medium”)
Internal Combustion Engine
ICE / Electric Motor
Battery Electric Vehicle
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
ICE:
• Significantly higher effort for emission compliance (RDE, China6, SULEV xx, …),
• “Zero Impact Emission Concepts” starting
• Increasing share turbocharging + Rightsizing,
• Advanced boosting, exhaust energy recuperation, full map stoichiometric, EGR
• E-fuels and E-gas increasing
Mild Hybrid:
• 48 V in various configurations P0 – P4
• Power Increase 15 20 30 kW
• ICE utilizes synergies
Plug-In Hybrid: CAFE and city access as major driver
Full Hybrid: 60 up to 650V Technology
BEV: Dependent on infrastructure, incentives and city access
Fuel Cells: limited to specific markets
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 43Public | [email protected]
TECHNOLOGY: Global Powertrain mix
USA
▪ Majority will remain with ICE
▪ Almost 100% Gasoline market
EU
▪ Strong trend to mild electrification
▪ Plug-in will depend very much CAFE and city access requirements
▪ Diesel will be replaced by Gasoline ICE
China
▪ Strong trend to electrified powertrain and BEV by political and legislation reasons
▪ China sees Electromobility as a major driver to promote Chinese automotive industry
▪ Almost 100% Gasoline ICE
ICEMild Hybrid
(incl. 48V)Full Hybrid
Plug-In Hybrid
BEV FCEV
Legend:
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 44Public | [email protected]
Much More R&D Effort…
USTIER 3 / LEV III
GTR-19(WLTP EVAP)
Canisters BWC designed:▪ 3day diurnal▪ ORVR▪ Volume 4l
Canisters BWC designed:▪ 2day diurnal▪ Volume 1l 2l
Canisters BWC designed:▪ 2day diurnal▪ ORVR▪ Volume 1l 3l
OEM‘s have to manage 3 different fuel storage system
concepts and designs
▪ The exended version for US (EPA, CARB)
▪ China version with capability for further modification
▪ Smaller and simplified version for EU
DIURNAL ORVR
HOT SOAK
RUNNING LOSS
DIURNAL
HOT SOAK
DIURNAL ORVR
HOT SOAK S
CHINA 6a
+100% +200%
R&D work
required
R&D work
required
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 45Public | [email protected]
Much More Testing Effort…
Current EU
EVAP Test
Fuel Storage
System Rig Test
Canister Durability
Testing (step1)
New regulation, workflows and new fuel storage concepts require more planning effort and time.
Increased effort 2 d 3 d
Duration in total
about 8 days
Duration in total
min. 142 days
New EU
EVAP Test
Canister Aging
Method (step2)305 Cycles
about 52 days
Duration in
total about
52 h
Assumption:
Canister BWC = 200 gr
Volume = 3l
Duration in
total about
76 h
New EU
EVAP Test
SealedTank
Duration in
total about
94 h
Preparation Workflow – Canister aging & Fuel storage rig test
Parallel processing possible
Increased effort 2 d 4 d
EVAP Emission Workflow
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 46Public | [email protected]
EMISSION LIMITS & TRENDS
Global trend of emission limit reduction withthe consequence of a modified focus in:
▪ Higher importance of detection limits▪ Data reliability and quality▪ Workflow management▪ Testing process accuracy
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 47Public | [email protected]
HOW TO HANDLE LOWER LIMITS?
…allows us to calibrate, check and simulate various concentration levels with the highest possible reliability
• Materials
• Probe Handling• iCAL CFO LE
• Workflow Control
• AMAi60 SA SHED
• Gas Supply
Analytics
SHED FID
Automation
SHEDCon
System
Design
Reference Devices
…provides analytical valve matrix for C3H8 injection and multiple sample point selection
…controls the fully automated test sequences, provides GUI, data handling, processing and reporting
…provides a high accurate measurements including reference interfaces for gas divider and CFO devices
…detailed analysis of gas supply required
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 48Public | [email protected]
PROPANE INJECTION PROCEDURE
▪ Fully automated propane injection using a iCAL CFO LE device
▪ System response shows mixing quality and analytical dynamic of the FID as well
Sample
ZERO/SPAN Adjust
ZERO/SPAN Check
C3H8 Injection
CFO Bypass/Stabilisation
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 49Public | [email protected]
PROPANE INJECTION MASSES
Summary:
With the new calibration method we will have a possibility to inject a propane mass of 20mg for emission simulation.
(Standard iCAL CFO-LE 100 mg)
▪ Injection Duration 60 s
▪ Injection Flow Rate of 20 (10) sml/min
Injection Mass 40 (20) mg
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 50Public | [email protected]
TYP. ACCURACY MIDI SHED 15 - EXAMPLE
Analytical system reading
▪ Reading difference of FID 0.05 ppmC
MIDI SHED
▪ Volume SHED = 15 m³
▪ Volume BAG = 780 l
▪ Pressure and temperature reading for initial and final measurement identical
Summary:
Resolution A change of 0.01 ppmC results in a mass change of about 0.085 mg
A change of 0.05 ppmC results in a mass change of about 0.43 mg
(Fuel System Limit is 54mg CARB or PF-Default 120mg)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 51Public | [email protected]
TYP. ACCURACY FS SHED 50 - EXAMPLE
Analytical system reading
▪ Reading difference of FID 0.05 ppmC
FS SHED
▪ Volume SHED = 50 m³
▪ Volume BAG = 3900 l
▪ Pressure and temperature reading for initial and final measurement identical
Summary:
Resolution A change of 0.01 ppmC results in a mass change of about 0.277 mg
A change of 0.05 ppmC results in a mass change of about 1.39 mg
(LD lowest limit - CARB HS+2D is 300mg)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 52Public | [email protected]
BACKGROUND LEVELS
RL……….Magnum…..…….…Maxi………….. FullSize………………Midi…………… Mini……………Micro………..Passive
(Trucks/SUVs - LD Vehicles - Motorcycles - Tanksystems - Canisters - Bleed)
35 mg……….10 mg….………8-10 mg………….. 7-9 mg………………5-6 mg…………… 2-5 mg ……………0-3 mg
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 53Public | [email protected]
US SPECIFIC REQUESTS AND UPGRADES
CANLOADFunction
SHEDFunction
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 54Public | [email protected]
ADDITIONAL SHED TESTING
▪ Target are fuel storage and supply components, e.g. tubing, adapters, pumps, etc.
▪ Specific R&D setup for individual evaporation determination
▪ Advanced application for MC, SORE, etc.
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 55Public | [email protected]
DATA ACQUISITION – SOAK AREA
Soak Area
iGEM Charge Meter
EE
E
Soak Area
CANLOAD System
Hybrid vehicles require both !
DATA LOGGERT, rF, p_baro
DATA LOGGERFor vehicle data
( T_oil, T_coolant)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 56Public | [email protected]
SHED FUNCTION DEMANDS
SOAK 14°C Advanced Procedure
SOAK 38°C Standard Procedure
BAKING 50°CAdvanced Procedure
LEAK CHECKAdvanced Procedure
Hot Soak
Diurnal
DBLT
ORVR
RL-Test
PUFF-LOSSAdvanced Procedure
Bleed
SOAK 20°C Standard Procedure
SOAK 23°C Standard Procedure
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 57Public | [email protected]
SYSTEM CERTIFICATION & DOCUMENTATION
Market is sensitized !
Is the system compliant according to the actual regulation?
How can I prove and argue the compliance? Is the calibration and annual service documented and stored?
How about ISO 17025? Solutions & Concepts available?
Dakks Calibration? Ready for regulation audits?
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 58Public | [email protected]
EVAP WORKFLOW / FACILITY INTEGRATION
Optimized workflows, device networking, facility interfaces, data links (pre- and post data)
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 59Public | [email protected]
Emission Legislation
Introduction and Overview
New Regulations and Requirements
System Solutions and TrendsEvaporativeEmissions
Summary
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 60Public | [email protected]
SUMMARY – HOW AVL CAN SUPPORT?
Complete support of the entire Evaporative workflow
▪ Automation software and
▪ Hardware devices plus
▪ Application know how training
Supporting global emission legislations
▪ USA EPA and CARB
▪ EU Legislation old and up-coming Euro-6temp-EVAP
▪ UN-Regulation support UN-Reg No. 83 and UN-GTR-19
▪ China-6a and b
Advanced functionality for
▪ R&D work, simulation
▪ Efficiency - workflow
APPLICATION ORIENTED FUNCTIONALITY REQUESTED
Complete support of the entire test facility workflow
▪ Evaporative emission tests
▪ Chassis Dyno Tailpipe emission testing
▪ Vehicle preparation, Soak, …
▪ ….
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 61Public | [email protected]
▪ The supplier with the most complete EVAP portfolio
▪ The only one with a focus on analytical analysis
▪ The most integrated EVAP automation system into the entire workflow of test facility (Tailpipe and EVAP emissions)
SUMMARY
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 62Public | [email protected]
SHED TESTING SOLUTIONS & TRENDSSince the initial start of evaporative emission rules 1970 in California, the regulation trends and demands did not change much in the last decades. In the last 2-3 years, the awareness of the entire evaporative testing capabilities changed. Various reasons e.g. new test sequences, stricter emission limits, additional CO2 targets, bio-fuels and new vehicle drive technologies forces the OEM’s and component manufacturers to invest into new equipment and testing solutions. Know-how, long-term experience and a complete product and solution portfolio is key to achieve best test data quality, reliability and global correlation targets.
Traditional Standard Testing Setup Newest Testing Solutions & Trends
Single device supplier Global solution partner providing a complete product and application portfolio
System design on demand of OEM or homemadesolution
Industrialized standard products fulfilling global demands in terms of safety and operation standards
Local supplier Global accountable partners for sales, service and application support
Supplier trained by customer Development partnership with specific testing expertise between supplier and customer
Development try & error Simulation services and R&D partner for e.g. flow and temperature simulation for vehicle and UUT
Single test report Vehicle testing and certification workbook Entire workflow data and test results including information of soaking,fueling, canister conditioning, prep-cycles, Hot-Soak + Diurnal testing, etc.
Manual single test operation and data handling Centralized data and workflow management
Hard-coded test sequence Flexible and dynamic test configuration with multiple template and stencil database
Fixed volume SHED VV/VT-SHED including an additional volume reduction BAG for improvement of the analytical response up to 25%
Manual refueling operation Remote controlled automatic ORVR test procedure with online-data validation
Supplier of environmental chambers Expert in analytical emission testing, long-term experience in FID technologies with clear understanding of the
relationship and dependencies between exhaust emission and evaporative emission testing (thermal managementof vehicle - depends on CD test cell design)
Personnel attention during test runs required Unmanned operation 24/7, un-limited days (long-term diurnal testing)
Trends
Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 63Public | [email protected]
CANISTER TESTING SOLUTIONS & TRENDS
Beside the general various market trends(see SHED Testing Solutions & Trends), the RDE (Real Drive Emissions) discussion “being more realistic” are pushing the entire testing and simulation environment to higher level of flexibility and functionality to fulf ill future demands of -vehicle and device testing, certification and development.
Local emission levels and problems are forcing governments to modify or create their individual legal emission regulation targets (e.g. China, Beijing) with possible consequences like:
✓ Extended temperature and humidity simulation (canister purge air)✓ Dynamic (acc. Drive cycles) canister purge procedures (not just stationary)✓ Dynamic load simulation (not just stationary)✓ Combined canister stabilization and conditioning procedures✓ Real vapor conditioning (instead of synthetic gas conditioning - C4H10 /
N2)✓ Improved accuracy, repeatability and control modes, Adv. PID loading
control f(RVP, T, Q, m)✓ Additional COP demands
✓ Advanced module testing e.g. fuel storage leak check procedure (acc. EPA §1066.985)
✓ OBD validation and simulation functions✓ Long-term durability testing and in-use test cases✓ Online data calculation and validation(not just cyclic results)✓ Specific R&D tools and functions for example
▪ hybrid flow simulation▪ pressurized tank systems – puffer control▪ purge control simulation and test, boost pump interfaces
▪ purge efficiency interface, pulsed inline heater control
Actual testing setups covering most of the actual legal requirements but are they ready for future technologies, testing trends and emission visions?