loader (equipment) - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
DESCRIPTION
loaderTRANSCRIPT
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VolvoL120Efrontloader
LoaderremovingsnowinJyvskyl,Finland.
Atrackloader
Loader(equipment)FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Aloader(bucketloader,frontloader,frontendloader,payloader,scoop,shovel,skiploader,orwheelloader)isaheavyequipmentmachineusedinconstructionandsidewalkmaintenancetomoveasideorloadmaterialssuchasasphalt,demolitiondebris,dirt,snow,feed,gravel,logs,rawminerals,recycledmaterial,rock,sand,woodchips,etc.intoorontoanothertypeofmachinery(suchasadumptruck,conveyorbelt,feedhopper,orrailroadcar).
Contents
1Description2Armoredwheelloaders3Tractorfrontloaders4Compactfrontendloaders5Skidloaders&trackloaders6Swingloaders7Gallery8Seealso
8.1Notablemanufacturers9References10Externallinks
Description
Aloaderisatypeoftractor,usuallywheeled,sometimesontracks,thathasafrontmountedsquarewidebucketconnectedtotheendoftwobooms(arms)toscoopuploosematerialfromtheground,suchasdirt,sandorgravel,andmoveitfromoneplacetoanotherwithoutpushingthematerialacrosstheground.Aloaderiscommonlyusedtomoveastockpiledmaterialfromgroundlevelanddeposititintoanawaitingdumptruckorintoanopentrenchexcavation.
Theloaderassemblymaybearemovableattachmentorpermanentlymounted.Oftenthebucketcanbereplacedwithotherdevicesortoolsforexample,manycanmountforkstoliftheavypalletsorshippingcontainers,andahydraulicallyopening"clamshell"bucketallowsaloadertoactasalightdozerorscraper.Thebucketcanalsobeaugmentedwithdeviceslikeabalegrapplerforhandlinglargebalesofhayorstraw.
Largeloaders,suchastheKawasaki95ZV2,JohnDeere844K,Caterpillar950H,VolvoL120E,Case921E,orHitachiZW310usuallyhaveonlyafrontbucketandarecalledFrontLoaders,whereassmallloadertractorsareoftenalsoequippedwithasmallbackhoeandarecalledbackhoeloadersorloaderbackhoesorJCBs,afterthecompanythatfirstclaimedtohaveinventedthem.OthercompanieslikeCASEinAmericaandWhitlockintheUKhadbeenmanufacturingExcavatorLoaderswellbeforeJCB.
ThelargestloaderintheworldisLeTourneauL2350.CurrentlytheselargeloadersareinproductionintheLongview,Texasfacility.TheL2350usesadieselelectricpropulsionsystemsimilartothatusedinalocomotive.Eachrubbertiredwheelisdrivenbyitsownindependentelectricmotor.
Loadersareusedmainlyforloadingmaterialsintotrucks,layingpipe,clearingrubble,anddigging.Aloaderisnotthemostefficientmachinefordiggingasitcannotdigverydeepbelowthelevelofitswheels,likeabackhoecan.Thecapacityofaloaderbucketcanbeanywherefrom0.5to36m3[1]dependinguponthesizeofthemachineanditsapplication.Thefrontloader'sbucketcapacityisgenerallymuchbiggerthanabucketcapacityofabackhoeloader.
Unlikemostbulldozers,mostloadersarewheeledandnottracked,althoughtrackloadersarecommon.Theyaresuccessfulwheresharpedgedmaterialsinconstructiondebriswoulddamagerubberwheels,orwherethegroundissoftandmuddy.Wheelsprovidebettermobilityandspeedanddonotdamagepavedroadsasmuchastracks,butprovidelesstraction.
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Closeupofarticulatedsteeringapparatus
ArmoredwheelloaderoftheIsraeliDefenseForces
Inconstructionareasloadersarealsousedtotransportbuildingmaterialssuchasbricks,pipe,metalbars,anddiggingtoolsovershortdistances.
Frontloadersarecommonlyusedtoremovesnowespeciallyfromsidewalks,parkinglots,andotherareastoosmallforusingsnowplowsandotherheavyequipment.Theyaresometimesusedassnowplowswithasnowplowattachmentbutcommonlyhaveabucketorsnowbasket,whichcanalsobeusedtoloadsnowintotherearcompartmentofasnowplowordumptruck.
Hightipbucketsaresuitableforlightmaterialssuchaschip,peatandlightgravelandwhenthebucketisemptiedfromaheight.
Unlikebackhoesorstandardtractorsfittedwithafrontbucket,manylargeloadersdonotuseautomotivesteeringmechanisms.Instead,theysteerbyahydraulicallyactuatedpivotpointsetexactlybetweenthefrontandrearaxles.Thisisreferredtoas"articulatedsteering"andallowsthefrontaxletobesolid,allowingittocarrygreaterweight.Articulatedsteeringprovidesbettermaneuverabilityforagivenwheelbase.Sincethefrontwheelsandattachmentrotateonthesameaxis,theoperatorisableto"steer"hisloadinanarcafterpositioningthemachine,whichcanbeuseful.Thetradeoffisthatwhenthemachineis"twisted"toonesideandaheavyloadisliftedhigh,ithasagreaterriskofturningovertothe"wide"side.
Frontloadersgainedpopularityduringthelasttwodecades,especiallyinurbanengineeringprojectsandsmallearthmovingworks.Heavyequipmentmanufacturersofferawiderangeofloadersizesandduties.
Theterm"loader"isalsousedinthedebrisremovalfieldtodescribetheboomonagrappletruck.
Armoredwheelloaders
TheIsraeliCombatEngineeringCorpsusesarmoredCaterpillar966wheelloadersforconstructionandcombatengineeringmissionsinhostileterritoriessuchastheWestBank.Theyareoftenseenbuildingorremovingroadblocksandbuildingbasesandfortifications.Since2005,theyhavealsobeenusedtodemolishsmallhouses.TheIsraelDefenseForcesaddedarmorplatingtotheloadertoprotectitagainstrocks,stones,molotovcocktails,andlightgunfire.
RiodeJaneiro'spoliceelitesquadBatalhodeOperaesPoliciaisEspeciais(BOPE)hasacquiredonewheelloaderdesignedformilitaryusetoopenroutesandmakewayforthepoliceinRiodeJaneiro'sslums,whicharecontrolled,andblocked,bydrugdealers.[2]
Severalifnotmostcountrieshavesimilarequipment.TheDutcharmedforcesforinstanceusemodelsliketheWerklustWG18Edef,whichweighs15tons,2morethanthecorrespondingunarmoredcivilianmodel.Inaddition,theDutchmilitarypreviouslyusedextraarmormodulescoveringmostofthewindowsurfacewithsteelforextraprotection.Thesewerehowevernotpopularwiththecrewsduetolowvisibility.
Tractorfrontloaders
Theseloadersareapopularadditiontotractorsfrom50to200hp.Itscurrent'drivein'formwasoriginallydesignedanddevelopedin1958byaSwedishcompanynamnedlwhentheylaunchedtheirQuickeloader.[3]Tractorloadersweredevelopedtoperformamultitudeoffarmingtasks,andarepopularduetotheirrelativelylowcost(comparedtoTelehandler)andhighversatility.Tractorloaderscanbefittedwithmanyattachmentssuchashydraulicgrabsandspikestoassistwithbaleandsilagehandling,forksforpalletwork,andbucketsformoregeneralfarmactivities.
Compactfrontendloaders
AbramDietrichThiessenofEyebrowSaskatchewaninthe1940sbuiltthefirstquickattachfrontendloader.InternationalHarvester'stookapictureoftheloaderandreplicateditattheReginaAgribitioninNovemberofthesameyear.
Frontendloaders(FELs)arepopularadditionstocompactutilitytractorsandfarmtractors.Compactutilitytractors,alsocalledCUTs,aresmalltractors,typicallywith18to50horsepower(37kW)andusedprimarilyforgroundsmaintenanceandlandscapechores.Thereare2primarydesignsofcompacttractorFELs,thetraditionaldoglegdesignedstyleandthecurvedarmstyle.
JohnDeereTractormanufacturesasemicurvedloaderdesignthatdoesnotfeaturetheonepiececurvedarm,butalsoisnotofthetraditionaltwopiecedesign.NewHollandAgintroducedacompactloaderwithaonepiececurvedarmonitscompactutilitytractors,similaronepiececurvedarmloadersarenowavailableoncompacttractorsonmanybrandsincludingCase/Farmall,andsomeMontanaandKiotitractors.
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SemicurvedcompactloaderonaJohnDeerecompactutilitytractor
Visibilitycomparisonofdifferentloaderdesigns
KubotamarketstraditionalloaderdesignsonmostofitscompacttractorsbutnowfeaturesasemicurvedloaderdesignsimilartotheJohnDeereloaderdesignonseveralofitssmalltractors.
WhilethefrontendloadersonCUTsizetractorsarecapableofmanytasks,giventheirrelativelysmallsizeandlowcapacitieswhencomparedtocommercialloaders,thecompactloaderscanbemademoreusefulwithsomesimpleoptions.Atoothbariscommonlyaddedtothefrontedgeofaloaderbuckettoaidwithdigging.Someloadersareequippedwithaquickcoupler,otherwiseknownasaquickattach(QA)system.TheQAsystemallowsthebuckettoberemovedeasilyandothertoolstobeaddedinitsplace.Commonadditionsincludeasetofpalletforksforliftingpalletsofgoodsorabalespearforliftinghaybales.
Skidloaders&trackloaders
Askidloaderisasmallloaderutilizingfourwheelswithhydraulicdrivethatdirectspowertoeither,orboth,sidesofthevehicle.Verysimilarinappearanceanddesignisthetrackloader,whichutilizesacontinuoustrackoneithersideofthevehicleinsteadofthewheels.SincetheexpirationofBobcat'spatentonitsquickconnectsystem,newertractormodelsarestandardizingonthatpopularformatforfrontendattachments.
Swingloaders
Aswingloaderisarigidframeloaderwithaswingingboom.Theboomcanswing180degreesormore.Swingloadersareprimarilyusedbytherailroadindustrytolayrail.Likeotherloadersmanyattachmentscanbeattachedtotheboomsuchasmagnets,forks,andbuckets.Smallerswingloadersareusedinfarmingapplicationsforloadingout.Aswingingboomisadvantageouswherespaceislimited.Theloaderisabletoliftonallsidesanddumpoffonallsides.
Gallery
AHanomagloader
DK45withandwithoutatoothbaronthebucket
Arelativelysmallfrontloader
Aloaderwithaspecializedclawusedtomovelogsatasawmill
ACaterpillar930GfittedwithaloaderrakeonaresidentialconstructionsiteinSouthFlorida.
ThefrontofaCaterpillar930Gfittedwithloaderrake.
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WackerNeusonwheelloadersatatradefair
Compactutilitytractorwithafrontloadershowingtwodifferentmeasurementpointsforloadercapacities
SwingmasterSwingloader
ALiugongZL50AinGuilinEastRailwayStation,Guilin,Guangxi,China
Seealso
BackhoeloaderBulldozerCompactorCraneExcavatorGraderSkidloaderTractorTelescopichandlerMiningSimulation
Notablemanufacturers
BobcatCaseBull(http://www.bullindia.com/)CaterpillarDoosanInfracore(formerlyDaewooHeavyIndustries&Machinery)includingSolarbrandHitachiHyundaiJCBJohnDeereKawasakiKomatsuKramerKubotaLeTourneauLiebherrLiuGongManitouNavistarInternationalNewHollandVolvoConstructionEquipmentWackerNeusonXCMG
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WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoLoader(equipment).
References
1. ^http://www.cat.com/cda/layout?m=308907&x=72. ^http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2009/08/12/ult5772u4933.jhtm3. ^http://www2.alo.se/Intl/Pages/history.eptlhistory:Frominnovationtoworldleadingposition
Externallinks
LoaderSpecificationsandComparisons(http://www.specguideonline.com)Calculatingthecapacityofaloader'sbucket(http://www.imac.ca/technofocus/bucket.htm)Databasecoveringallmakesandmodelsoffarmtractors&tractorfrontloaders(http://www.tractordata.com/)LoaderSimulation(http://www.immersivetechnologies.com/)YouTubevideoofafrontendloaderloadingadumptruck(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wUCnvdZjs)PayloadOnboardweighingwithfulltripdata(http://www.lcscontrols.in/EmbeddedOEM.html#1)
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