local gov't presentation to constitutional modernization commission
DESCRIPTION
GOPC presented an overview of Ohio's local government terrain to the Eduation, Public Institutions and Miscellaneous and Local Government Committee of the Ohio Constitutional Modernization Commission on July 11, 2013.TRANSCRIPT
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Ohio Constitutional Modernization Commission
for the Education, Public Institutions,
Miscellaneous and Local Government Committee
July 11,2013
Alison D. GoebelAssociate DirectorGreater Ohio Policy [email protected]
Lavea BrachmanExecutive DirectorGreater Ohio Policy [email protected]
Overview of Local Government in Ohio
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Greater Ohio Policy Center:“Think” and “Do” tank
An outcome-oriented statewide non-profit organization that develops and implements policies and practices to:
• revitalize Ohio’s urban cores and metropolitan regions
• achieve sustainable land reuse and economic growth
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Sustainable Growth and Local Government
Ohio’s current local government structure impacts sustainable growth:
• Communities and taxpayers face the legacy costs of a 19th century structure in a 21st century economy
• Ohio’s population growth is stagnating
• 45th in population growth, but 8th in land consumption
• Fragmented and duplicative local governments prevent effective economic competition on world market
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State of Local Government in Ohio
How much does Ohio’s local government cost?
How does Ohio compare nationally?
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Cost of Ohio’s Local Government
• 20th highest local tax burden in U.S. (2010)
• 34th highest for state taxes, as a % of income (2012)
• 45th in population growth, but 8th in land consumption
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Cost of Ohio’s Local Government
• 29% above peer state average (IN, MI, PA, KY, IL) in monthly local government payroll
• ~2x national average for monthly local government payroll
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Monthly payroll expenditures for local government in Ohio cost $1.8 billion in 2011
Monthly employment expenditures for local government are almost 3 times that of state government.
2003 2007 2011$0
$500,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,500,000,000
$2,000,000,000
$2,500,000,000
$3,000,000,000
$483,289,081 $597,895,507 $653,416,073
$2,054,318,446
$1,692,070,025
$1,817,460,033
state gov't payroll local gov't payroll
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Greater Ohio Policy Center
payroll costs of key levels of local government, 2011
monthly payroll costs of key components of local gov’t, March 2011
Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, Census of Governments; Government Organization, 2011
$0
$20,000,000
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$100,000,000
$120,000,000
$140,000,000
$160,000,000
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Ohio is MIDDLE of the pack in per capita costs of local government payroll in the midwest and peer states
state 2011 per capita cost of local government
Indiana $130.71Michigan $137.22Pennsylvania $139.79Wisconsin $153.49Minnesota $156.19Ohio $157.49Illinois $176.30New York $251.60 US Total $160.58
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State of Local Government in Ohio
How much local government does Ohio have?
How does Ohio’s local government system compare nationally?
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Ohio has over 3,600 local government jurisdictions
Source: : U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 Census of Governments, Organization Component Preliminary Estimates2012
counties (88) municipalities (940)
townships (1,308)
traditional school districts
(614)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
types and number of local governments
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and over 4,000 special district governments
Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, Census of Governments; Government Organization, 2012, research by Randy Cole
metro. h
ousing a
uth. (75)
park dist
ricts
(90)
airports
(97)
joint fire
or ambulan
ce dist
rict (1
45)
municipal
& county
courts
(165)
librar
y dist
ricts
(251)
senior c
enter
s (450)0
100200300400500
examples of special district governments
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Ohio ranks 7th nationally in raw numbers of local governments per state
rank state # of local gov'ts1Illinois 6,9682Pennsylvania 4,9053Texas 4,8564California 4,3505Kansas 3,8066Missouri 3,7527Ohio 3,7028Minnesota 3,6339New York 3,454
10Wisconsin 3,123
Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, US Census of Governments, 2012
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and 8th nationally in local governments per square mile
Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, US Census of Governments, 2012
rank stateSize of state in square mile
# of local govts govts/sq mi
1 New Jersey 8,214 1,344 0.1642 Delaware 2,396 338 0.1413 Illinois 57,914 6,968 0.120
4 Connecticut 5,543 644 0.116
5 Rhode Island 1,231 134 0.109
6 Pennsylvania 46,055 4,905 0.107
7 Massachusetts 9,240 852 0.0928 Ohio 44,825 3,702 0.0839 Vermont 9,614 728 0.07610 Indiana 36,418 2,694 0.074
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Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, US Census of Governments, 2012
In 2012, we had 42.1 local governments per county compared to the national average of 29.4.
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In Ohio, there are 410 municipalities with 1,000 or fewer residents
Number of Municipalities by Population
* 2012 estimates will be available in fall 2013Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, Census of Governments; Government Organization, 2007
0-500
501-1,000
1,001-2,500
2,501-5,000
5,001-10,000
10,001-15,000
15,001-20,000
20,001-40,000
40,001-60,000
60,000-800,0000
50
100
150
200
250
300
252
158 165
110
61 5732
5713 12
number of municipalities by 2005 population*
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224 townships with 1,000 or fewer residents and 30 with more than 20,000 residents
Source: Greater Ohio Policy Center, Census of Governments; Government Organization, 2002
1-500
501-1,000
1,001-2,500
2,501-5,000
5,001-10,000
10,001-20,000
20,001-30,000
30,001-40,000
40,001-50,000
50,001-60,0000
100
200
300
400
500
600
48
176
511
290
176
7120 9 6 5
number of townships by 2006 population
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Responsibilities and powers of local governments vary
• Municipalities have home rule powers
• Townships are a “creature of statute” but can have limited home rule powers
• Counties are governed by general rules. Charter counties have home rule powers
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Observations on local government efforts to collaborate and become more efficient
State of Local Government in Ohio
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Successful collaborations and efforts to become more efficient often require a leader or steward.
Finding #1 from GOPC white papers
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Stewards often have the highest levels of capacity and resources to lead collaboration efforts. Examples include:
• Metropolitan Planning Organizations• Education Service Centers• County Engineers• County Executive or County Commissioners• Major cities
Stewarding collaboration and efficiency efforts
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Collaboration and efficiency efforts are often prompted by economic changes
Local governments have begun to “right-size” equipment and staff so resources are maximally utilized
Finding #2 from GOPC white papers
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Comparing local governments and measuring efficiency can be difficult
• Ohio has no set standard reporting instrument for a detailed breakdown of local government expenditures
• Local governments are assessing themselves and soliciting third party inventories to better understand their efficiency opportunities
Finding #3 from GOPC white papers
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1952 1962 1972 1982 1992 1997 20020
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Numbers and Types of Local Government in Ohio
CountyMunicipalTownshipsSchool DistrictsSpecial Districts
Consolidations and mergers are not new for Ohio
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Results of intergovermental collaboration
• economies of scale
• improved local government accountability
• equalization of service quantity and quality
• coordinated economic competitiveness
• ability to retain local community character and flavor
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