Local self-governmental in Turkey

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Local Governments- A General View

Constitutional Framework:

Article 123 : “The organisation and functions of the administration are based on the principles of centralization and local administration.”

Article 127: “Local administrative bodies are public corporate entities established to meet the common local needs of the inhabitants of provinces, municipal districts and villages, whose decision-making organs are elected by the electorate as described in law, and whose principles of structure are also determined by law.”

Local Governments- A General View

81 Special Administrations16 Metropolitain Municipalities

2941 Municipalities34.414 Villages

Local Governments- A General View(situation after local elections of 2014

51 Special Administrations30 Metropolitain Municipalities

1413 Municipalities18.313 Villages

Special Provincial Administrations

• Founded automatically by the establishment of a new province.• Organs:• Presidence: appointed prefect• Provincial council: elected councillors representing towns (a

party-list proportional representation with a local threshold of 10%)

• Permanent commission: gathering elected councillors and appointed bureaucrats under the presidence of the prefect

Special Provincial Administrations

Domains of competency : Provincial functions: Services related to health, youth and sports,

agriculture, industry and trade, public works and housing, land conservation, erosion prevention, culture, arts, tourism, social services and support, micro-credits, kindergartens and orphanages, as well as primary schools

Rural functions: urban planning, infrastructure construction (roads, water, sewerage, solid waste etc.), emergency assistance and recovery, reforestation as well as creation of parks and gardens

Preparation of provincial environmental plans bilaterally with metropolitan or central (chef lieu of the province) municipalities

the dissolution of the general directorate of rural affairs and transfer of all its competencies, equipment, personnel and organization

Metropolitain Governments

Introduced in for the largest cities, providing for increased autonomy and urban planning powers that were previously controlled by the central government.

These metropolitan municipalities have a larger budget than other cities because, in addition to the share of the national budget allocated to municipalities according to population, they received 3% of the taxes collected in the city.

In addition, the mayors of these cities enjoy substantial rights of veto and modification with regard to the decisions of the metropolitan and district municipal councils.

Metropolitain Governments- Organs

Metropolitain Mayor: Elected directlyMetropolitan council: 20% of municipal

councillors of each of the districts included in the metropolitain zone

Permanent commission: Gathering councillors (elected by the council) and appointed bureaucrats under the presidence of the metropolitain mayor

Metropolitain Governments- Responsibilities

Planning (strategic, urban, environmental etc.)

Transportation (infrastructure, services etc.)Built environmentGeographic Information SystemsEnvironmental protectionFood safetyUrban policeSocio-cultural and sportif organisationsDisaster management

Municipalities

   Total Percentage Metropolitain Chef-lieu Metropolitain

District Towns Communs

Population  2950 16 65 143 749 1977

0-1999 926 31,4%       52 874

2000-4999 1133 38,4%       218 915

5000-9999 327 11,1%     5 177 145

10000-24999 227 7,7%   2 11 175 39

25000-49999 89 3,0%   6 19 61 3

50000-99999 96 3,3%   23 17 55 1

100000-249999 67 2,3%   24 32 11  

250000-499999 54 1,8% 1 10 43    

500000-999999 23 0,8% 7   16    

>1000000 8 0,3% 8        

Municipalities can be founded in all provincial centers and towns and in settlements with a population above 5000 habitants (previously 2000). Yet due to political reasons, the municipal identity of towns with populations below this threshold is still maintained.

Organs

Same structure as the metropolitan municipalities except that the councillors are elected through a system based on d’Hont method with a local threshold of 10% in a single tour.

Municipalities- Main Responsibilities

Urban infrastructure Geographic Information systemsEnvironmental and public health issuesUrban trafficParks and recreationHousing Social and cultural services Economic developmentConstruction and maintenance of schools

Villages

Settlements with a population under 2000 habitants acquire the status of village.

Village has three organs: muhtar (village or neighborhood headman)

Elected directlty without a party allegiance Village association:

Consists of all the electorate of the village Elects the muhtar Determines the salary of the muhtar Determines the facultatif services

Village Comission Elected by the village association without candidacy Imam and the teacher are natural members Meets weekly to deliberate issues of the village

Villages-Responsibilities

Two types of responsibilityMandatory Tasks

Health and social aid (help the poor and the families of soldiers, drying the marshes etc.)

Public constructions (wells, fountains, toilets etc.) Security (precautions against wild animals, disaster relief

etc.) Culture and education (school, prayer rooms etc.) Agricultural (forestering, evironmental protection etc.) Economic (opening of shops etc.)

Facultatif tasks:

Mandatory Tasks Facultatif Tasks

Health and social aid help the poor and the families of soldiers, drying the marshes etc.

Economic and social assistance to the poor

Public constructions wells, fountains, toilets etc.

Construction and maintenance of roads, pavements et.

Security precautions against wild animals, disaster relief etc.

Culture and education school, prayer rooms etc.

Inviting different artisans, providing books, organising sporting events etc.

Agricultural forestering, evironmental protection etc.

Parcs, buying agricultural machines, farming the collective fields etc.

Economic opening of shops etc Building of markets, selling local products, arranging credits etc.