logarithmic functions lesson 2 - ricioppo · title: microsoft word - logarithmic functions lesson...

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Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2 Graphing and Transforming Logarithmic Functions We know that: The inverse of an exponential function is a logarithmic function Consider the exponential equation: = ! , where b >0 and b1. The inverse of this function is: It is written as a logarithmic function: Determine the inverse of the function Ex1: = 3 ! Ex2: = log ! (5) Ex3: Given ()=10 !!!" 7, what is the value of !! 4 to the nearest hundredth? Graphing a Logarithmic Function In the logarithmic function = log ! , where b>0 and b 1, the value of b changes the shape of the graph. To understand the effect of parameter b, consider the following: a) State the inverse of = 3 ! and sketch a graph of the inverse. Identify: Domain, Range, Intercepts, and asymptotes Inverse: x y x y 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Negative values of b are excluded because a logarithmic function with a negative bvalue yields an exponential function with a negative base () = 3 ! !! () = log ! Domain: Range: xintercept: yintercept: Asymptotes: To calculate/graph logarithmic functions on calculators: MATH A: LogBASE ENTER Plug in values for the base and your input x Homework: Page380#1,8,9,16 Page389#1,2,5,6,8,10

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Page 1: Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2 - Ricioppo · Title: Microsoft Word - Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2.docx Created Date: 10/22/2014 7:55:51 PM

Logarithmic  Functions  Lesson  2-­‐  Graphing  and  Transforming  Logarithmic  Functions    We  know  that:  The  inverse  of  an  exponential  function  is  a  logarithmic  function    Consider  the  exponential  equation:      𝑦 = 𝑏! ,        where  b  >0  and  b≠ 1.    The  inverse  of  this  function  is:    It  is  written  as  a  logarithmic  function:      Determine  the  inverse  of  the  function    Ex1:  𝑓 𝑥 = 3!                                                                                                                                                                                        Ex2:  𝑓 𝑥 = log!(5𝑥)          Ex3:  Given  𝑓  (𝑥)=10!!!" − 7,  what  is  the  value  of  𝑓!! 4  to  the  nearest  hundredth?              Graphing  a  Logarithmic  Function  In  the  logarithmic  function  𝑦 = log! 𝑥,  where  b  >  0  and  b  ≠ 1,  the  value  of  b  changes  the  shape  of  the  graph.  To  understand  the  effect  of  parameter  b,  consider  the  following:                

 a) State  the  inverse  of  𝑓 𝑥 = 3!  and  sketch  a  graph  of  the  inverse.  Identify:  Domain,  Range,  Intercepts,  and  

asymptotes    Inverse:  

 

 

             x            y              x              y                -­‐3                      -­‐2                      -­‐1                      0                      1                      2                      3        

Negative  values  of  b  are  excluded  because  a  logarithmic  function  with  a  negative  b-­‐value  yields  an  exponential  function  with  a  negative  base  

𝑓(𝑥) = 3!   𝑓!!(𝑥) = log! 𝑥  

 

Domain:      Range:      x-­‐intercept:      y-­‐intercept:      Asymptotes:      

 

 

To calculate/graph logarithmic functions on calculators:

MATH  à  A:  LogBASE  à  ENTER    

Plug  in  values  for  the  base  and  your  input  x  

Homework:                    Page380#1,8,9,16            Page389#1,2,5,6,8,10  

Page 2: Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2 - Ricioppo · Title: Microsoft Word - Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2.docx Created Date: 10/22/2014 7:55:51 PM

Ex:  Sketch  the  graph  of  the  function  𝑦 = log!!𝑥.  Determine  the  vertical  asymptote,  and  state  the  domain  and  range.  

 Inverse:      Step  1:  Build  a  table  of  values            

                 Applying  Transformations  to  the  Graph  of  y = log! x  ,  Where  b  >  0    You  can  graph  a  logarithmic  function  by  performing  a  series  of  transformations  on  the  graph  y = log! 𝑥,  where  b>0.    When  a  series  of  transformations  are  performed  on  the  graph  y = log! 𝑥,  the  result  is  the  graph:    

𝑦 = 𝑎 log! 𝑐 𝑥 − ℎ + 𝑘  Where:  

• A  vertical  stretch  about  the  x-­‐axis  by  a  factor  of   𝑎    

• A  horizontal  stretch  about  the  y-­‐axis  by  a  factor  of   !!  

 • If  h  >  0,  a  horizontal  translation  h  units  right.  If  h  <  0,  a  horizontal  translation  h  units  left  

   

• If  k  >  0,  a  vertical  translation  k  units  up.  If  k  <  0,  a  vertical  translation  k  units  down          

   

             x            y              x              y                -­‐2                -­‐1.5                  -­‐1                -­‐0.5                    0                    1        

𝑦 = log!!𝑥  

 

Domain:      Range:      x-­‐intercept:      y-­‐intercept:      Asymptotes:      

Page 3: Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2 - Ricioppo · Title: Microsoft Word - Logarithmic Functions Lesson 2.docx Created Date: 10/22/2014 7:55:51 PM

Translations  of  a  logarithmic  function    

a. Use  transformations  to  sketch  the  graph  of  the  function  𝑦 = log!(𝑥 + 9) + 2  b. Identify  the  following  characteristics  of  the  graph:  equation  of  asymptotes,  the  domain  and  range,  &  

intercepts      

                                 

   Reflections,  Stretches  and  Translations  of  a  Logarithmic  Function  

a. Use  transformations  to  sketch  the  graph  of  the  function  𝑦 = − log!(2𝑥 + 6)  b. Identify  the  following  characteristics  of  the  graph:  equation  of  asymptotes,  the  domain  and  range,  &  

intercepts