DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

ETYMOLOGICAL

REAL

ETYMOLOGICAL

DEFINITIONThe term “PHILOSOPHY” came from two Greek words: LOVE

WISDOM KNOWLEDGE

PHILOSSOPHIA

Love of wisdom or knowledge.

Greek Philosopher - PLATO

coined the word

PHILOSOPHIA or PHILOSOPHY

REAL DEFINITION

Traditionally

“the science of all things or beings in their ultimate causes and principles known by human reason alone”

REAL DEFINITION

It is a “science” because it is a body of knowledge derived from reasoned demonstration of causes and reduced to a system.It is the science “of all things or beings” because it studies all things or realities which can be reached by the human mind.It is the science of all things or beings “in their ultimate causes and principles” because it studies and tries to understand the underlying reasons and causes of things.It is the science of all things or being in their ultimate causes and principles “known by human reason alone” because it based its knowledge solely on man’s reasoning power and not on authority or faith.

BENEFITS FROM STUDYING PHILOSOPHY

enables us to systematize all important knowledge in the domain of reason

guides us in distinguishing truth from error and in searching for the truth

provides us with the ability to analyze and the “intellectual eye” to see things not only as they are, but also the underlying causes and meaning of things around us or happen around us.

guides us in our search for the cause and meaning of our life and our existence

BENEFITS FROM STUDYING PHILOSOPHY

gives us insights about our nature as human beings, it helps us understand better ourselves, and help develop or improve ourselves

DIVISION OF HUMAN

SCIENCESSPECULATIVE

SCIENCE

PRACTICAL SCIENCE

PRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

SPECULATIVE SCIENCE

The science that seek knowledge for the sake of knowledge.It is the science that is concerned with things that are theoretical.

>> Logic

>> Epistemology

>> Metaphysics>> Theodicy

>> Cosmology

>> Psychology

The sciences that fall under this category are:

PRACTICAL SCIENCE

The science that seeks knowledge for the sake of proper conduct of human life.

It is the science that is concerned with the practical application of knowledge to man’s life and conduct.

The sciences falling under this category are:

>> Ethics

>> Politics

>> Aesthetics

PRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

The science that seeks knowledge for the sake of producing and providing for the human needs.

It is concerned with technical and mechanical skills, for example: >>

Engineering>> Architecture>> Advertising

>> Agriculture

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHYLOGI

Cthe art & science of correct inferential thinking

COSMOLOGY OR PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE

the science of the nature of the world

RATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYthe science of the nature of man, his powers, acts and habits

EPISTEMOLOGY OR CRITICS OR CRITERIOLOGYthe science of the validity of human

knowledge

ONTOLOGY OR GENERAL METAPHYSICSthe science of beings in their general forms

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHYETHICS OR MORAL

PHILOSOPHYthe study of the morality of human acts

THEODICY OR SPECIAL METAPHYSICS

the philosophical study of the nature and attributes of God

AESTHETICSthe science of arts and beauty

SOCIAL PHILOSOPHYthe science of the sociality of man and

nature of society

LOGIC

enables us to think in a rational, systematic and orderly way

ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION

logike

Greek term

means

thought

A “treatise pertaining to thought”.

LOGICETYMOLOGICAL

DEFINITIONZeno the Stoic

Aristotle

the tool or instrument of the science s

LOGIC

“ORGANON”

first coined the word

Logic is the instrument for gaining knowledge or the tool for

correct thinking.

book - “ANALYTICS”

LOGIC

REAL DEFINITION

commonly defined as the art & science of correct inferential thinkingdeals with the laws, methods and principles of correct thinking

Irving Copi describes Logic as the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning.

>> Thus it provides us with the techniques for testing the correctness (and also the incorrectness) of arguments.

LOGICREAL DEFINITION

as a SCIENCE . . .It is a systematized body of knowledge about the principles and laws of correct inferential thinking.

It follows certain rules and laws in arriving at valid conclusions.

as an ART . . .

The art of reasoning.

It requires mastery of the laws and principles of correct inferential thinking.

LOGICREAL DEFINITION

Through Logic, we acquire the techniques and skill of thinking correctly whereby our mind is able to proceed with order, ease and without error, when we master the techniques and acquire the skill of correct thinking then we are able to expound our thought orderly, clearly and systematically.