los angeles immigration history, immigrant integration ......integration is an intentional process...
TRANSCRIPT
10.24.19
Jody Agius Vallejo Professor of Sociology
Associate Director, Center for the Study of
Immigrant Integration
University of Southern California
Los Angeles Immigration
History, Immigrant Integration,
and Recent Federal
Immigration Changes
@JodyAVallejo [email protected]
Historical Overview
Immigrant Integration
Data/Trends
Policy Changes
Conclusion
Questions
Pueblo de Los Angeles
Earliest-known photo of Los Angeles, circa 1862. The view looks east over the Los Angeles Plaza from atop Fort Moore Hill. Courtesy of the USC Libraries – California Historical Society Collection.
Immigrant Integration
Integration is an intentional process that includes the needs
of immigrants communities and their families into
government policies at the city, regional, and state level. We
see immigrant integration as a dynamic, reciprocal
relationship in which newcomers and the receiving society
both have a responsibility for integration, and both benefit
as they work together to build safe, thriving, and connected
communities.
Immigrant Integration
Economic mobility: the ability to fully
engage in the economy, obtain quality
jobs, start businesses, and thrive
economically.
Warmth of welcome: the extent to which
immigrants are welcomed by the receiving
society.
Civic engagement: the ability to engage
and participate in their communities.
80%76%
69%64%
59%55%
51%47%
12%12%
12%
12%12%
12%13%
13%
6%9%
13%16%
19%22%
24%26%
3%4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8%
2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Changing DemographicsUnited States, 1980-2050
Other
Native American
Asian/Pacific Islander
Latino
Black
White
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
67%57%
47%40%
35%31% 27% 24%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%5%
5%5%
19%
26%
32%38%
41%45%
48% 51%
5% 9%11% 13% 14% 15% 16% 16%
3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Changing DemographicsCalifornia, 1980-2050
Other
Native American
Asian/Pacific Islander
Latino
Black
White
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
53%
41%31% 28% 25% 23% 21% 19%
12%
11%
9%8%
8%7%
7%7%
28%
38%
45%48%
51% 53% 56% 59%
6% 10%12% 14% 14% 15% 15% 14%
3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Changing DemographicsLos Angeles County, CA 1980-2040
Other
Native American
Asian/Pacific Islander
Latino
Black
White
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%1
97
0
19
80
19
90
20
00
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Percent Immigrant in Los Angeles County, 1970-2016
% immig Los Angeles
% immig USA
After the big boom in immigrant population from 1970 to 2000 (mostly in 1980s and 1990s), percent immigrant has stabilized and indeed fallen
Source: CSII analysis of 1970-2010 Decennial Census Data and 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
Demographics Immigration Status, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
64%9%
10%
17%
U.S.-born
Immigrant: Undocumented
Immigrant: Lawful permanent resident
Immigrant: Naturalized U.S. citizen
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
One third of Angelinos are immigrants - 80% have been in the country 10 years or longer - 86% are people of color - 1 in 5 Angelinos are undocumented themselves
or live with a family member who is undocumented - 68% of undocumented Angelinos have been in the U.S. more than a decade
Demographics Populations by Ancestry, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
Country Number
Percentage of
Total
Mexico 451,587 42%
El Salvador 82,088 8%
Philippines 62,991 6%
Korea 49,049 5%
Vietnam 39,396 4%
Guatemala 34,829 3%
Iran 30,889 3%
China 29,313 3%
Taiwan 22,577 2%
All Other Countries 275,504 26%
Top Birth Countries for those who Migrated
More than 30 Years Ago
Country Number
Percentage of
Total
Mexico 169,495 25%
China 72,443 11%
Philippines 54,688 8%
El Salvador 47,874 7%
Guatemala 44,926 7%
Korea 32,806 5%
Iran 28,425 4%
India 24,717 4%
Vietnam 14,001 2%
All Other Countries 192,721 28%
Top Birth Countries for those who Migrated Less
than 10 Years Ago
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
34%
14%
3%13%
19%
11%
2%
2%
44%
56%84%
59% 42%
7%
27%
12%
26%
35%
3%
0%
100%
U.S.-born Immigrant Undocumented Lawful PermanentResident
NaturalizedCitizen
Race/Ethnicity by Nativity, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
White
Black
Latino
API
Native American
Mixed/Other
Demographics Immigration Status by Race/Ethnicity, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
9%
69%
20%
White
Black
Latino
API
Other
49%
9%
6%
5%
4%
27%
Mexico
El Salvador
Guatemala
Philippines
China
All other
by Race/Ethnicity by Country of Origin
Civic Engagement Eligible-to-Naturalize Adults, Los Angeles, 2012-2016
Source: USC Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration (CSII) analysis of 2016 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) microdata from IPUMS-USA. For detailed description of the methodology used, see: http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Elig_Naturalize_Methodology_Final.pdf.
$65,945
$55,023
$49,132
$40,000 $37,094
U.S.-born Immigrated morethan 30 years ago
Immigrated 21-30years ago
Immigrated 11-20years ago
Immigrated tenyears ago or less
$65,945
$58,732
$41,216
$32,949
U.S.-born Naturalized LPR Undocumented
Economic Mobility Median Household Income, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
By Recency of Arrival By Immigration Status
Note: The dollar values depicted are 2016 dollars.
Source: USC Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration (CSII) analysis of 2016 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) microdata from IPUMS-USA. For detailed description of the methodology used, see: http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Elig_Naturalize_Methodology_Final.pdf.
Economic Mobility Educational Attainment by Status, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
21%
8%
35%
22%
37%
59%21%
20%
21%
20%
23%
21%
20%
25%
14%
17%
12%
8%
7%
8%
6%
8%
5%
2%
31%38%
24%
33%
23%
9%
All U.S.-born Foreign-born Naturalized LPR Undocumented
Less than high school diploma High school diploma Some college Associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher
Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data
Economic Mobility Housing Burden, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016
Percent Rent Burden by Status Percent Homeowner Burden by Status
38%34%
44% 42%
48%
56%
All U.S.-born Immigrant Naturalized LPR Undocumented
59%55%
63%59%
64%71%
All U.S.-born Immigrant Naturalized LPR Undocumented
Source: USC Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration (CSII) analysis of 2016 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) microdata from IPUMS-USA. For detailed description of the methodology used, see: http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Elig_Naturalize_Methodology_Final.pdf.
Current Policy Issues and Concerns
1. DHS Flores Rule
2. DHS Fee Waiver Rule
3. Public Charge
4. Health Insurance Requirement
5. Changes in Entry Policies/Family Reunification
6. Census 2020
7. Supreme Court (DACA Constitutionality)
8. Reduction in the Asylum Ceiling or Quota
9. Detention/Enforcement
10. Proposed HUD Rule Change on Mixed-Status Families
Coming December 2019
Thank you!
Questions?
Contact:
Jody Agius Vallejo
Data Source: State of Immigrants in Los Angeles Report
Data Contributors/Authors: Dalia Gonzalez, Cynthia Moreno, Thai Le, Sarah Balcha, Sabrina Kim and Edward Muna