louise arbour -- integrating security, development and human rights

8/3/2019 Louise Arbour -- Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights

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The Honorable

Louise ArbourIntegrating Security, Development

and HumanRights


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Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice

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joan b. kroc inStitute For peace & juStice

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The Hooable Loie Abo

Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights

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TABLE OF COnTEnTs

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JOAn B. KrOC DIsTInguIsHED LECTurE sErIEs

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DIsTInguIsHED LECTurErs

al 15, 2003 r edgGl Sy, nl cl chhsThe Role of the Church in U.S. Foreign Policy

My 8, 2003 Hl cldpsd, nl ply rsh isThe New Nuclear Danger

o 15, 2003 rhd j. Gldsjs h csl c Sh a The Role of International Law in Preventing Deadly Conflict

jy 14, 2004 amssd Dld k. Sgu.S. Dm S

Conflict, Gender and Human Rights: Lessons Learnedfrom the Field

al 14, 2004 Gl ahy c. Zud Ss M cs (d) From the Battlefield to the Negotiating Table:

Preventing Deadly Conflict

nvm 4, 2004 H ashwSy Gl pls iv hpm Gll Dlg d Dmy

Concept, Context and Process in Peacemaking:

The Palestinian-Israeli Experience

nvm 17, 2004 nl Hyzexv D u.n. Dvlm Fd WmWomen, War and Peace: Mobilizing for Securityand Justice in the 21st Century

Fy 10, 2005 th Hl Llyd axwhypsd, uvsy Wg

The Responsibility to Protect: Prescription for a GlobalPublic Domain

Mh 31, 2005 My rsFm psd ild d u.n. Hghcmmss Hm rghs

Human Rights and Ethical Globalization


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o 27, 2005 Hs exlly kml MsFm psd h rl bsw

Perspectives into the Conflict in the Democratic Republicof the Congo and Contemporary Peacebuilding Efforts

jy 27, 2006 amssd chsh r. Hllu.S. Dm SU.S. Policy in East Asia and the Pacific

Mh 9, 2006 Wllm F. Shlzexv D amsy il uSaTainted Legacy: 9/11 and the Ruin of Human Rights

Sm 7, 2006 Sh ed2003 nl p LIran Awakening: Human Rights, Women and Islam

o 18, 2006 M Mm, alm Vv pz, i SgWomen, War and Peace: The Politics of Peacebuilding

al 12, 2007 th Hl Gh evspsd il css GPreventing Mass Atrocities: Making Never Againa Reality

Sm 20, 2007 kh rhexv D Hm rghs Wh

The Dynamics of Human Rights and the Environment

Mh 4, 2008 j egldFm ud-Sy-Gl Hmas d emgy rl cd h u.n.War, Peace and Climate Change: A Billion Lives in the Balance

al 17, 2008 j GdllFd j Gdll is d u.n. Mssg p

Reason for Hope

Sm 24, 2008 th Hl Ls aFm u.n. Hgh cmmss Hm rghs

Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights


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BIOgrAPHY OF THE HOnOrABLE

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Sm c o (Hgh c js) d l svd h

c al o. i 1996, sh ws d y h u.n. Sy

cl s h s h il cml tls h

m Ygslv d rwd. a h ys s s, sh ws

d h Sm c cd 1999.

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InTErVIEW

The following is an edited transcript of an interview with Louise Arbour,

conducted on Sept. 24, 2008, by Dustin Sharp, J.D., senior program officer

at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice.

DS: Id like to interview about a broad range of topics, touching both

upon your personal life and background as well as many things related

to international justice and human rights. To start with, is there

anything in your early experience growing up in Canada that you feel,

looking back, set you on the path to becoming an advocate for justice

and human rights or to becoming a member of the legal profession?

Were there any special figures or experiences that influenced you?

La: esslly , whh i h s gg h ms yg l

i m wh d sm w wh d wh h lvs; i h im l

mdl hm. cly h ly my d i hd l

s hs m s hgs i dd dg l, ldg mg

lwy. n h ws my lds ss gwg . L

l l my g i d mysl lw shl y wll y

dl s i dd sm hv y l yhg h ws lly hd. Lw

shl smd lvly ssl, d h gl ss hs dys ws

wh lw dg y ld h g lsm ls, s i ws v

lly dv v h lw s ss.

DS: It was the flexibility.

La: Ys, ws h , my vw, gl d d

s ms h glly sd m, l l, ll s. b

s y l h i d my mh lll ss lw shl.

i ld lw shl gh m h gg, whl l l dd. My

g ss vy dly h lw shl ys, d vy g. i

ld vyhg . i ld h vy mhl s, l h ls

d s . i d h gg. b vsly h m ws h m


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( y w s h) hgh ml d gzl s

dv vls. i ld vyhg h lw. i ld ll l lw sss.

i ld sl lw, ml lw l.

th ws s dg mm, s s h s. a my h

ys lw shl Q, cd w d lg qly h

. Dg h y, h dl gvm d h W Mss a,

sslly g h y s mgy, ssdg ll vl

ls h wh ws lld h wgly s

hdd s h hds ss ss Q. ths

ws mms ll wg m s sslly h gly

dm ss. ths ws g ll dmy, cd, wh

lg hsy , d ll sdd vgh i lvd Ml h

my hd v ll h l ss. th ss h y Ml

ll w d mly , s smd. i ws vy lsm.

Fm h i dvld l mmm sg h lw dvl

w l, ls s h m l h v

h s w. i m v h cd cvl Ls ass.

S h ll mm m s ws y dg.

DS: As a student and as a young law professor, would you say your

focus was more on domestic civil liberties, protections, than it was

international human rights per se?

La: Ys. i w lw shl m 1967 1970, d hs ws ly h

h vy ggssv dss ls ss y Fh

cds. i , s h h i w h s m h s

cd, eglsh cd, whh llly ws vy g. Wh h

hd w ys l i ws s mzd h ll sss h

l w dsssg eglsh cd, l h Vm W, vy,

gd qly. Dg my ys lw shl Q, h xyg ws

ly y h qs Q lsm. i ws h sl

ss w hd ds , d s w w ss


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d w hd ss d vws h Vm W , h

qs h l Fh-sg cds d Qs

xsg h gh sl-dm vsly dmd ll h sss.

W w smd y h, whh h m vy sg m wh

i wd s h s, lly h m Ygslv wh

lsm hd hlgy. Wh i m m, lsm ws h

ms vy m, sv s h ws hg wg wh

. i ws vy lgm, vy m s ss h w dvd

Q msly y s d lmms d ws d llls

d y l dy l wh wd s lv h lvs wh

h w l. S ws vy shg m s h dlly

lsm d s hvg sslly d h dlgy

ls, h dlgy xls h gd.

DS: I think within the larger human rights community its not unusual

to find people who were drawn to it by their experience as a racial or

religious or cultural minority in the countries in which theyve grown

up. To what extent did your experience growing up as a French Canadian

help draw you into human rights at a later point, or at least spark your

interest in civil liberties and the boundaries of state power?

La: Ddg y sv, y my d my.

Fh-sg Qs my sd cd, vy lg

my sd Q. S, y lllly hs, y hv

vy ss h, hw ssv y d s mm h

my vs vs vg s ll, m, ll s

ysl mgs h my, ls hw y vy sly dg s

m h ss ms s, Q, gl

ls, y lg s ms ll ms,

l, l wh dsls, h s-gs y w mmy

wh my s. S, my ds vd, y wllg

ddss hs sss, sgh h dvm ghs.


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DS: Over the course of your career youve played an extraordinary

number of roles and also a diversity of roles, going from law

professor to judge, human rights investigator, chief prosecutor for the

International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

and Rwanda (ICTR), high commissioner for human rights. Its many

peoples experience that if you spend a long enough time in a certain

career, theres a certain professional sensibility and worldview thats

shaped. At some level, do you still see yourself as a professor or judge?

Do you identify with any of those roles? Do you see these in some

ways as roles that youve played on the stage or costumes that youve

had to wear, and your identity lies in some other place behind that?

La: Wll, s m , ls hs ls i hd w

sm h h s h mh s ll . i hv

sy h wh hs s ll v (d s ll v; i h i sll d mysl

glly mlyd i ld s m my md wh d wh

my ), i h mysl s s. i ss i ld sy lwy,

i m s h lw. i w h mysl lly s dg,

hgh iv d h lg my . i ws ls dm

sdl . th i ws l vl sv my

w l ls, hy w vy d h s d

h hgh mmss.

b h mm hd hgh ll hs s i m ll hs ss

vy mh s s h lw, s s. i lv h lw. is h

ld whh i hv xs whh im vy sl-l; i s my w

dgm d lyss h lw. ad h s i h i ws dl

s h m ll s, s lly. ad iv

ld i h im ly h i ws wh i s d ll

h dsdg h mlxs, sy, h ud ns. b h

mm hd s slly, lly m h ssy s h l

lw s gzg l l d dms s.


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I am pobably le a advocate tha aythi ele becae the oe thi Ive

eve eally doe i be a cotoom lawye. I kow a lot abot techiqe of

advocacy, cetaily cotoom advocacy, viewi it fom the bech, ad Ive

paticipated i lot of thee thi, bt oe thi I havet doe myelf i the

kid of advocacy that ow Im fee to do tha Ive eve bee eally i my life.

DS: I also wanted to talk about the relationship between career, gender

and family issues. In the context of the current U.S. presidential election,

questions have been raised in some quarters about the ability of Sarah Palin,

the nominee for vice president on the Republican ticket, to serve as vice

president of this country given that she has five children, including one child

with special needs. Of course, many people have pointed out that the same

question would never be asked of a male candidate, and I know you have

three children, and grandchildren as well. In your career, have you had to

face this double standard as well as other double standards along the way?

La: i hv md hs, ssl hs, h lwys sd

ll my mss ldg h h i hv h hld d i ws h

mh hs wld. Whh ll ss d s sll ms gd

ls h d m d wm, y l gllly i h

vwhlmg s . ad y i hv my ds wh wm lwys

whv hd hsds whs s hv gv hm m lwy

hm. i h h s gwg hg h hws syl mdl

h nh am mly . b s hgg vy slwly.

My dgh s w h wh i ws wh sh ws , 31-y-ld

lwy, xg sd hld, d ly, smms i h, Gd wv md

gss. Sh s xly h sss i ws g hld d wh

d gms l. Wv gssd ll ; i h h

my-lv s d s s m dvd d dvld.

b sslly i wld v l h wm hw h

l d mg h mly mss. i h dds s ll h

sh wh h ss, h l sh ws ly h gg

h hld. th w hgs i dlly ddd s, d


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my hs why i v w v wh my hld

w q smll. ev hgh i lwys wd, my g vll hm

ws vy m m wh hy w q yg. bslly h s iv

d ll l my i ld hv d wh my hld w

ll , s i dd hv h x vsly, ls s

my mly mss wld hv md .

DS: I want to shift gears and now talk about issues of international

justice and international judicial policy, international tribunals and

prosecutions. From 1996 to 1999 you served as chief prosecutor for

the ICTR and ICTY, and as youve said publicly before, these tribunals

are part of the legacy of Nuremberg and in turn theyre going to leave

their own legacy. Of course, no initiative is perfect you might say

little by little were conducting experiments in international justice,

hoping that each one is better than what came before it. What are the

lessons of the ICTY and ICTR? What do they represent in terms of

achievements? But also, what would we change if we could go back,

knowing what we know now?

La: i h h ggs hvm h w d h ls,

gh, s h hy w sly sssl ld h

h il cml c (icc). i ws vs wh hy sd

whh hs wld -sh , wh wld h lss ld.

th ls shmgs. i h w hd d g, i wld l

h w wld hv d ml h wld lss sly, m

s hy sy, s l dgs dg: Smms s ml

hy dg ll, s y d wh h ss lsly.

th s smhg slly mls h h hs ls

hv h h sd d ld h h il cml c.

Wh i sy s mls, s s h w vsly sg llwds lwg sly gs h xs h d ly.

i ss ws d vy dly. th ls sl lws. i y

sd ml lw s, s vy l m s

h w d slly dms mdls ml lw m d


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ssd h h l mmy, h vm s

mlly d. ad h icc hs xd h.

i h h lg m wll hv mv ml lw mdl h

s vy dgs wg h l m, whh ms ll

h vs w d hv w l ls ms h

l ss h s s wg gs y. i y d hd

s hgh-g mly , s ssl vy s,

s ssl h hs gvm wll hv s gg hm

qd d wll w vy sysmlly h d. th ls

msd h h s h s wh hs ll h ss ws,

s s h l y hv ss h s d

gv dvgs h sd, l h sm d h

gh d sl m d h gh sl d ll ds

ghs. Y ss h mhds vll h s. i

hs vms vy h s s mlly vsd: th s

s h h sd. S w sll hv lly sm w d. b h

ggs sss s h w g h.

as xml, v hgh hy mgh hv mlly dsmld,

wh i vd 1996 s s, h ws dl ssly h h

ls wld d ls s s h dgs l w

s sd h lmd s ss dd w mls. nw,

m, hs wld hv sh s s wld hv

m vy ddv d h ls wld hv slly m s

hvs. i h ws lv s, h ll ll wll h

ws m hs ss wld hv mlly dssd. S h

h w lly mgd m hs ls w s l s wh,

hd s ws, ll h s vlly ll l, m vsg

s l v , s hg sh mls.

DS: Some people have criticized the tribunals in particular by saying

that they werent anchored in the communities which they were most

intended to serve. What do you think of this criticism? To some extent,


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one can ask the question whether its possible to do international justice

or international tribunals in a way that avoids this, given that the

international community only intervenes when the national systems

have already failed, so there is some disconnect between tribunals and

the victims to begin with. Do you think something like the Special

Court for Sierra Leone, a more hybrid model, has hit the mark, even

though it obviously has its own shortcomings?

La: cly h mm lw d, h dml h

y sysm s h s hs ll d s ll s ssl. a hg

v s ldy xdy ms h mlyd ly

wh l s hws s. S h d h s s vy ll d

hs wd y h d mmy s vy sg. i h w hv

s slvs whh hs s dsl h l m, d s

dsl, h w shld d vyhg w mmd, gzg

h sm ss wll mmdly ssl. i w rwd,

s, w lv h hs ll s l s s l,

h qs s, hw s ld y hld l kgl?

i h s w hv s slvs dml qss: a w g s

ssg dms mdl h l mdl? Wh m s

gs hmy, wh s h d mmy? Wh s h

v h l? i h s wh hg s s ll,

lss h d , ms mly, h d

l v. i y h Sl c S L, y

mgh sy ll sg s hs msd wld hv

g m dmslly s ws ls h gd s s,

my l lss m lly llg h S L sy h

wld d, h wy, llyg h l mmy s d

wh hd, svg s d mdl. i h s h wys.

My hs wll ll m lv s w mv wh gghys l lss lv wh h d m hlgy w hv.

i h h y hgh s w hs mdls s sly s slvs,


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wh s h gdg l, wh s h dsl v? ad h d

vyhg w s h v, s sd dg wh

mh hgh whh w ld g mh ls h gd. Wh ictY,

s, mgh hv h gg, my lss l

h ss.

DS: Do you think the ICC obviates the need for ICTRs and ICTYs?

Are these the last ad hoc tribunals were going to see? Also, you

mentioned the issue of cost. Its often been said that war and human

rights violations are much more costly than justice will ever be, but

politically the issue of cost in the United Nations is very problematic.

Will the combination of the ICC and the cost of the ICTR and ICTY

mean that they will be the last of their kind?

La: i h s vy dl mg h h Sy cl wld s

h d h l, lly w h hs d h d

sdg l h icc h s h Sd. nw h h Sy

cl hs sd s l w, wld hd mg wh d

l wld hs s h icc d ll ll h

xds sg lly lll ss.

i ds m h h Sy cls l vg ly s v

q h s. i h h, ss ssgly hly, hy dd

xs h sd h s Sd. b sms m h h sds

sgl h hs s h g h , d w lly s lly

sl-sdg l d h vs l h s w. Wll ly s

l m hyd-y mdls d ly s ls hg , s w

sg h s L, sd h dl w ms ls.

ths dg h i h. W hv h y ssly

whh h ud ns ws h slml ml ssss, hd ssly w ms ms gs hmy

sm ss wh h my l ll dls s sg


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h l sysms. a L, h sm ss ld h s

h ssss bz bh, s. Hs svg y

h hs l y vsgs d ss, wh

h ld ll sss. S, wll h ud ns dw

ml s m sd h w ms mdls? i h h ys

sll hs ds sss.

as s, y ly . i wll s h y h

l l h icc s h h dy g s.

a h d h dy, s hw mh my ss h s

ms w ms dy h dg Monuc h

Drc.1 th qs s d wll lwys m: i h ws ll h l

mmy ws d s-l s, ws

my wll-s ll h l 12 50 l, sy h

s rwd? Wh shld hv h gh sw h qs? is

h vms, h l rwd? Wld hy hv sd, Wll, y hd

ld s y wld sdg ll dlls hs xs, w wld

hv sd h y, s w h h d wll d smhg ls

wh ? b hs h wy i h h lslly l .

DS: When we talk about the future of tribunals, the future of the

ICC, but more globally the future of international accountability

mechanisms and international justice, one of the big questions out there

and its argued different ways by different sides is the question of

politicization. Concerns are typically raised on at least two levels, the

first being that given limited resources and the amount of time it takes

to prosecute someone, only the biggest fish are going to be prosecuted,

which inevitably raises questions about individual selectivity.

And the second issue: African governments often maintain that they

are disproportionately targeted by international justice mechanisms.They say that when you look around the world, Africans are brought

to book while abusers from the U.S., Russia and Israel are left to

1 ud ns ogz Mss h Dm rl h cg.


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carry on. This is particularly raised in the context of the ICC where

all the indictments and prosecutions thus far have been Africans. Im

wondering what you think of this issue generally.

Id also like to ask you, as a former prosecutor who did have to operate

with limited resources, how did you go about choosing whom to

indict? Was it solely a legal determination, or do political policy and

pragmatic concerns inevitably slip into the mix?

La: i h hs qs lz h l h s d

hs whl g, s w hv dsd wh w m y ll

sds. i w m, xm, wld h s s h

s h vl m mm h Sy cl

g v wld hy m v h h d

l, ly ll s mlly .

i dms x, h gl ssm s h ll ms dd

sd lss hs d de minimisl h hy s

m hy gd dssd y sm m m ds

sl. uvsl s s h m. th m y w

vm lly, hs lly h s; dy lms h

vy s mld h gd rwd wll sd

l . i vs h xs ds, whh s

h sm hg s ll sd. is ll h dl

ss, sd h ls.

i sms m h wh w d s m xl mw dvld

y h s gd h xs hs h ds, s h

wld sly vsl why hgs d d hs,

why s d hs. i h wh s lm s h,

ssmg h s gdg ly, s dslsd d s dsl,s ls vy s. Ds s h sm hg s ss.

i sms m h sm ss, h s y s d

sl hsl. evyhg ls g ql, y hv y


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s sm wh s hgh-g ss, d x h y hv

l wh y d w-y vsg y d v w

h ss s sll lv, hs ld sd. th llhd

hs s h my s y w l .

th y s ss ms h w ds y lg

h ms wh whh hy wll xs , d h s y d

s-y-s ss. is h sm dgs; hs h mw. Ls

dss md y dgs dsy. i ds m hy s

gdd y x d ll, ms y

d d h h. ad i h h s m wh w

m h dsss vy l h.

DS: But supposing for example that one were to look at the African

cases before the ICC and one determined that in each individual

instance they were made on the basis of the best principle, the most

neutral insight available, even so, to what extent do you think that if

this pattern were to continue of targeting almost exclusively African

cases, the ICC is risking some of its long-term credibility as a young

international institution?

La: th wld ssm h h s smhg wg wh hs s-lld

gg lly xlsvly a s. ths gs svl

qss. th s s, hv hy d h icc, h rm S, s

sd hs? id vy g smwh ls, hy hv

d d h s s sd h Sy cl l, hvg

sd s lly gd s smwh. i h

g q sy, wll, hs ll a ss, y hv l

wh hs d h y, wh s h sd s wh.

th sd hg s, h s hs l vy ly h qs mlmy d dmssly ss. ag, i h s

xgg sy h h w hyhlly dl ss

lv h w ms my hv mmd d s,


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y my w s ysl, wh s h llhd h dl l

vsg wll dd? ad g, s ssg wh hy

d h rm S shld hv ly h h

icc wld sslly dl sd s h dd hv

dq lgl sysms d lw m d dl sysms l

d dl m mlx d hgh-s ss.

S, hsy, w vs h s

hs d i h w wll vs mh m h w w h

dvlm lw m d dl y a s

hs qs h icc wll h dl sd. ad hs wll

lw, v hgh my dd ll ss s

. S, g, i h w hv l y lly h ly.

b s h s h h l h iccs w, h ly s

w, ms m a. ag, y hv w s. Y y

hg h s y g d yg d ss lswh

h s ddssg hs llgd shmg whh my vw s

ll ds, d im s h gh . o y wldg

h ly d gg wh a, vy xl h h h

s h s. t my md h qs wld , shld h icc

h my l h a u hvg a s mh

m sysmzd, my hldg sm h ls h d

s ? Smms y sm lly smhg m sv,

h h d h s lly d y gh .

DS: When you were chief prosecutor, many of your efforts were

directed at looking how high up the chain of command responsibility

could legally be attributed. In the wake of rights abuses that have been

committed by U.S. soldiers in the context of the U.S. war on terror

and in Iraq and elsewhere, it seems that responsibility, at least legalresponsibility, has often stopped at a relatively low level. Often when

we talk about impunity for human rights abuses, we associate this

word with poor and war-torn countries, but of course some argue that


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that term does have applicability in the context of the U.S. war on

terror, particularly as it relates to torture, extraordinary rendition

and other abuses that have been committed. How do you assess the

human rights legacy of the U.S. war on terror several years on and

what its done to the ability of the U.S. to act as a good-faith promoter

of human rights around the world?

La: ths vy dl ss. W lwys w q

ms, s hgh vly h my wh d s h xss

w qs ll h ggg h s d h s sms

ll h l h lws w. ad wh hy vy

v, h h w s s s mh, s s lly h w

iq d h w aghs. b s d s, ssmg

sm xsd sm e s, wld h w

l w. S, i h hs mds obscurantisme d

h s h xss, l h w dgs s wldwd

h vs vyhg m vy gd l vs dlgl

ss, s syg xhgs d dl xhgs d s

. i h h w s l h mgy wh ms

h l h lw d whh lws d whm d y whm.

nw, g, h x h h ud Ss hs d h rm y,

s vl xs w y h rm y wld dd

h qly ssssm s g ly d wllgss d

s w vsgs. th g, sms m wld h ss

h u.S. vy hmg xsg h lls s l

y whh s h s gs y xl sy hgh h

ls dl dy, v wh h w ss.

is smms dl dsd why hs d ss

mh m l, mh m s vsgs d g mshvg, h h s , s s ly h s

aghs, wh h vy ssg d d hgh m vl

sls, whh h ld vsgs h v md l d


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v sm d yhg, v h smlls m glg, d

y wh dgs h w h g whh s vy dl

wh y xl wh hd h s l.

DS: Very soon in this country were going to have a new president and

a new administration. What are two or three things for the incoming

administration to do not only to rectify some of the problems and the

excesses of the war on terror, but also to regain some of that moral

standing that at points in our history weve enjoyed?

La: i h h gwh wh hs lld am xlsm s

vy ss lly h d hm ghs d ll dvy

h h u.S. ws d lswh. is l s sy y

shld dg a, b, c D, w gg hld slvs

hs sdds ls w s szd h; ys

shld gh , w d hv y ys d w d,

wll d slvs, s w d y d y l

sss; w g hms hm ghs w d y y

l sms y shld, ll gd y. ths

sly lld dl sdds d hy m ss lly h

dvm, h hmg hm ghs y h u.S. i sm ss

hy lly dl sdds, l ss hy , s

hy dl sm ss, hy s vy am v

hs dms.

i h h s hg h u.S. wld w d s g sl h ld:

s h Hm rghs cl, y l sms, sd l

sgls h s w ly d h s ggd d dvg h

m h l lw. F h s h wld, h Gm

xs, s ds d s w l y h xv

yss dl vw, whh s hllm am dmy.


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th ud Ss hs h hs gv d h s y

mlly mglz h h h s, h xv yg yss

mlly h vsgh h s sds y sgl ly

y h mssg h h u.S. s sdg h sd dmy.

S h, h l mssg s h y shld hv dmy dd

y gss ll mhy: Y shld l l ls h

s d h ss h h w mssv ds h

ll x, d h hs gh y hv wg dmy.

ths s vs dmy h s wh ams lv . Dmy

qs whl s ss hs d ls, md, vl

sy gzs, s h w, l l w lgslv

d xv w. S g, h Gm mssg, q m

h sh ly s , sds sgl h wh w l h

l lw, w d lly m gv h y w wll yss

v shsd l mhsms. S vy lvl i h hs

vs hv vy sly h dvm hm ghs d

dm vls.

DS: In the course of these last seven years, the U.S. administration

has had a lot of high-profile clashes in the Security Council and with

the United Nations. Youve just stepped down from your post as high

commissioner, so I wanted to talk with you about the Office of the High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the U.N. human rights

system. What was the high point of your time as high commissioner, and

what were two or three of your biggest frustrations or disappointments

working within that system during your time there?

La: th hgh ws ly wh hd s dg h sy-

gls m v, wh vlly ld h m dm

h Wld Smm 2005 hs ws k as vy ms mgd. H ld hs m mg h Sy cl, s

hs xs w w mdd dvl l h


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o h Hgh cmmss Hm rghs d hgh ll hs

vs, w dly sd l h my vw hd vy

xl vs. i ws vy hw w wd vlvd

mlm ghs, s h mv xss. t m

s, w qsd s h mmm y h Gl assmly

h dlg sh h gl dg h ud ns

wh v ys. i ws mml hvm h w mgd g

h mmm h m dm h m xs.

i ws ls mg h cmmss Hm rghs Hm

rghs cl; h w ls h hgs. b oHcHr sl, slly

hs m h my ys s hgh mmss, i l h wh

w h sz ws wh i m , w s mh my, w gw w

s my s mms, d h hd h y w h ld.

ths ws smg. i ws d mgd h w yd s

gl dgy ss; lly smd gz h ws

hws dvd lms xlsvly svg mm ss, svg

h Hm rghs cl, svg h y dy sysm, d ll

sdd hgh hs lx, oHcHr ws l dd hs ss

dvl s w gd mg d g hm ghs h

ld. S, hs ws i h y dml.

DS: And frustrations and disappointments?

La: Sm hm vy hl d hy wld gl

l s, m hy w vy l. o hm s my l

mg lll m h y dy sysm. is vy s, s

sysm hs vy wll-w, my m mh gl

d. i h s h d m h ud

ns hd dwdld. by h m hy mgd g gh gy

lsh h cmmss Hm rghs d h l, m sl m h y dy sysm ws s mh

h m. b i m sdd h s mg dy s h,

s vsl, d s sl h, hs vy ll hy, s wll-


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w, s sly ssd, s wd ss y vy smll l

xs. i h hs h y l m h h. ad i ws

mlly sssl. Mm ss i h w vy wy h hs

vlly, v h hz, ws l my .

o dy--dy ss, whs sg h hm ghs hgh

mmss, ly m h y h u.n. l ll u.n.

ls dg h s h h d h dy, y

m ss d wh hy shld d d w d. th s

svgy h hm ghs ld s y sh, im s h

hgh mmss gs ls h sm wy dy--dy ss. th

d-sy-gl hm s im s s ms hgly

sd hs ly dly. b hm ghs, s dm.

DS: It seems like so many human rights blockages do just boil down to

a question of political will, which is of course hard to generate as an

international civil servant.

La: Ys, hs gh. b hs why, s hs sg hs s mh

d, y hv m y l-hdd ssssm s d

mly ls ss, d dly wh h s h . o

s y g hvly zd g h h, h d

h dy y hv w wh whs vll. ad sm hgs s

vll.

DS: When we talk about the Human Rights Commission and the

Human Rights Council, is there a distinction? Is there a difference

and are there new possibilities for an effective institution that didnt

exist before?

La: i h h s, slly, gd ws, , w dsmh h h mg h mmss ws lshd d h l

ws d, ws h sm m d wm yg h sm hs

h sm m. ul y hv hlhy , h ss, mms


32/81

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h l, hlds, h vs mssds wh h l

m d g d ms hg d i h wll m

h Hm rghs cl dvls s w . Ls hs wy:

is m l h m mmss h l.

i ds hv w s h y ls h ssly y

dm hg. th uvsl pd rvw, v d sl

ds d mls yg h ds h dvdl s, s

dml sm h l dvdl s sy d

h hs h lss h mmss. th mmss ld s

ld v sl dy h ld y mlm

ms. i ws vy gd lg d dvlg ms, h m

sd hvg y s d gg dvdl s,

lly llsd. th l hs h y, hgh h uvsl

pd rvw, gg ss m d s h l d

slgh ls h gsss, ms vs hm ghs shmgs

l vm. ths i h wll y, h h lg wll

sss s sl l wh s d h gd. b wll

m h ms h l h l.

DS: One of the successes of the human rights movement over the last

50 years is that all states now feel at least some obligation to defend

their human rights records and speak in the vocabulary of human

rights. At the same time, part and parcel with that, we see states

becoming more adept at using the language and vocabulary of rights,

seeing through the passage of legal instruments designed to ensure

we strive for human rights, but we see there is very little change on

the ground in terms of abuses that are taking place. What can the

international community and NGOs do thats not already being done

to call people to account for this duplicity: states cloaking themselves

in the language of human rights, the language of democracy, but ofcourse the practice is often anything but?


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La: i h h hg h w hv d smly s hs d

vsl ss h ss h gh d l

hm yllg d smg ll hs mhsms sl ml

ly. i ss s ml h h ls w md d

h h icc ws l, w h s l, s ls sd

dv hm ghs ml smll wy h vm. i h

w hv , s h ms wll l dvl h ss.

i h w d dv hm ghs gl ss, as

s wh s vy s, s hs l wh ll

l, ld y l wh s lly s dg sls.

i h w hv hd- h lm dss h

hm ghs dss h ms m hs dl sdds,

lz, hm ghs g sslly h vhl h m

Ws ss. th ms vy l vy l lgg

dvlg s. i hs l s. i lys l d,

ss Ws s. S i h hs s slly l. ad

hs why i ll my ds h e s, l sm y s

yg h cv h rghs Mg Ws, y dly

l hs h shmgs. c y s hw dl s?

ad ly, h D vw i h s h lss, h

mld h vy sly mld dl ll h m

hm ghs s y sslly hg h gd d h h d

-hzg hgs vy gv wy. i h ll hs sss,

wh h Ws s xss ms ssm h D

vw ss d h dg h ld smd -Sm

lly d s s , s llgm , hs hsl

d xss h h dg s h hs ls l

vy v x h Ws wld l h hm

ghs ss whh hy dly d, whh s sm d whhms l h s h wld. i ss ss h ysm h

y gh, wh y l sss wh h shmgs vy


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32

vs mg, sm h Ws wld ll sdd ds ll ds

gd ss ly ggd.

i h h d s h Ws s. is sy sy h hyv ldy

d gh, hy h gd gys s wh hs gh s

hy hv m y. ad hy ss h m h

gd, hy gg hv d l h gh hgs hmslvs.

DS: You have also talked about the benefit that increased recognition

by the Western powers of economic, social and cultural rights could

have for the advancement of human rights in general. We often repeat

homilies about the indivisibility and interdependence of all rights, but

of course in practice there has been a marginalization of economic,

social and cultural rights and a privileging of civil and political rights.

Youve also noted in the past that when you consider the links between

security, human rights and development, drawing those distinctions

between the two treaties just simply doesnt make sense anymore. Do

you think the emerging paradigm of human security is something

that would allow us to move out of this legacy of categorization of

rights into two large camps?

La: ths s smhg h i wll ddss my l gh,

wh l sws, ls hghlghg g hs dls. i

h s xssd h h ld gd qly. i y

l h s wm wldwd wh vyg dgs

ss qly vlly vywh, v vy dvd ll

dms whh h l l s sg hy sll

hv ds sh vy d ll hlh d s . i y

l h, sms m h h m m d sl ghs

gd qly s dmlly m sv h h m vls

vl d ll ghs.


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i h s m s my h mg h 60h vsy h

uvsl Dl Hm rghs (uDHr) y g hs

s g, l ss. Fs, i h h dvm m

d sl ghs y y wld gd hg h w ms,

hm, hs wll ls g ddssg dly hs qs

dl sdds, hysy d h s ly llly Ws-

dv vs hm ghs.

i wll ls hv h dvg , h Ws w ssly gg

hs sss, llg h l h dvlg wld. eh hy ss

h hy sd sl d m ghs s s x

dg hg, s why lly gg h? b s vy y

h Ws m m mdl. i my h h lg h u.S.

l ms, h y sv sm h sms hg hm,

wll s h s ms h wll m ssl dssss

h ud Ss.

DS: I want to talk about an issue that isnt always thought of as a

classical human rights problem in the traditional sense. Its the

question of corruption. Many manuscripts have been starting to try

to make the case that, for example, rampant corruption can result in

denial of rights to health and education on the social and economic

rights front. Looking at civil and political rights, if we look at West

Africa for example, weve seen that many of the issues that gave rise

to the phenomenally brutal conflicts that took place in Liberia and

Sierra Leone rest squarely in the area of governance, and here were

talking about mismanagement and corruption. Do you see corruption

as being within the mandate of OHCHR, that its sufficiently bound up

with violations of both civil and political, and economic, social and

cultural rights that we could start to address it as a traditional human

rights issue? What can the U.N. system be doing thats not alreadybeing done to address the question?


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La: i hv sy h h w ms wh ld dg my , i

ws vy m . i l v y h m i l h o h

Hgh cmmss, w ld ly dl wh h y lss hm ghs

sss. i sm w hd lms wld wy s l ss

d y. i hgh w w vy dsd h ss mg,

whh s hg l wh h ud ns, s wh h ud

ns h vl wsdm s h mg s sslly m

d ll ss d hm ghs ss. i dly dsg wh

h vs, h lg h mg d h ud ns ws

lwys sd w-w s h s gd h y

g d s gd h h, d s ll m mdl whh h

vly lvs hd hs wh d h sysm, l

wh dmd dd s.

i h dv sg hm ghs dss ss s m

s mg whh i h s h ms m sss m

ms h lw l mvms whh wll xd y

lm hg d sy d d w s ssy h hgh

mmsss y dvl h xs.

th h s. th hgh mmss hm ghs s vlly

s h u.n. sysm sss ls. thy hv m ll,

hl sss y ls xs, dm ghs, h gh

v, h gh s hg h shsd hm

ghs m dss s lly m. th Mllm Dvlm

Gls ws sly l hm ghs mw h

s h llv vy, m s h m hm ghs

sv y shld lwys v hs h m s. is s

sg vg, s mg s h h ms vll, h dlly

gld h s g h mglzd. all h s vy hd.

S gg s dy gvms d s m

wld hv y hm ghs ls, s s i hgh


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l ws s ll wh hgs h w mh m msm d sly

ld hm ghs vls whh w w sll q d.

DS: Is there any office within the U.N. system that is actually addressing

it? For example, you raise the issue of the Millennium Development

Goals, and in many of these countries, rampant corruption and misuse

of funds from natural resources are in fact some of the reasons that

the Millennium Development Goals are so difficult to attain.

La: th s h dgs d m, unoDc.

DS: But they arent particularly looking at it as a human rights issue.

La: a hy lg yhg s hm ghs ss? unDp [ud

ns Dvlm pgmm] s mssv dvlm gm d

hs ys sd gv. nw h ud ns h

dlg ss hs mvd m gv l lw. evydys h

l lw sss, v Dpko [Dm pg os].

i d h s my lmd ls, wh vlly sss, xl

h h l l lw s h hm ghs sms. is ll

h. ths h d lgl s h m h l

lw. is dmlly hm ghs ss. ths l my gg

hs s, s hs l s.

DS: You mentioned earlier the 60th anniversary of the UDHR. In the 60

years since that was adopted, the human rights movement has often

found itself embroiled in a series of ongoing and persistent debates:

peace versus justice; economic, social and cultural rights versus civil

and political rights; development versus democracy. Given that most

countries have signed on to many of the human rights treaties, with

some famous exceptions such as the United States, what do you makeof the fact that these debates continue decade after decade? Does the

persistence of the debates call into question the universality itself, or

is it just evidence of the persistence of politics?


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La: Wll, ll i sy vsly ghs s, y ly h

m l hm ghs sms, hy y mhsv.

W lly h, h ld s vy ly d wh sms

h h ms vy gd. i ll my vls, i hv y m

s h wh gv h h wld vlly y

hs ghs. Wh l l m ll sy d y d

dsd l lg, i sy, Wll, g m sm

y y wh ds w m gvm ss, wh

ds w dm sh, dm lg, qly.

i h h vsl mw s . i ly ds sm h

ms, sm h ls, sm dl sls ddd ,

sslly iv v shw yhg dly wg wh . b

h shmgs mlm d h ss. th h

ss w h s g mld h s sg s d

l w dm xss d dm lg. Hm

ghs s dy lws d vls h ds sl h ll lm d

v vs. ths ll ml h h hm

ghs ss d . i h lg x h ls d

llgg ss w dm xss d dm lg s

vy mh symm h, h hm ghs d ls d d

h h. i h h s whs lwys gg wh s.

DS: You may be tired of people asking, but whats next?

La: i d w. i lly d w. i wll ly d smhg sm

sg. S, i v sw llgly hl hs qss. i d m

m h, g sm ds. im vy hy ls w m mhs

gg y vl , s sds, vs ls.

DS: Do you have any parting advice for students who may be considering

a career either in international policy and politics or international

human rights?


39/81

37

La: is vy dl. i my s, hgs hv hd m s dmly

h s dl sy, d wh i dd whh s i s s h d wd

h h g d smhg ls m . th ws hg vy

dl my w . b i h ll h w iv d, sms

m h y hv sly m h gh mx vls, sss,

mmm h hd d slls h h. ths hg m

dgs my vw h d-gds wh hv vy ll sll l

ssly sss. a h sm m, s y sh l

ly h, lly h lgl sss wh hs s mh

ms d l gd wh h. S i h lly hs wh w

w hm ghs sss d s , i h y hv y

ss mmm d, ly i h sy , y hv

d h hd w ls h sls hv d dy--dy ss y

lly w m d.


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WELCOME AnD InTrODuCTIOn

By Dee Aker

Interim Executive Director

Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice

Gd vg. Wlm h j b. k is p & js

(ipj) d h Dsgshd L Ss h Shl p Sds

h uvsy S Dg (uSD). W lsd hv y s hsvg xl v. My m s D a d im h m

d h is p & js.

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th s my l hs d gh wh dsv g;

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wg , cg Hm Sy is Wld.2

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dvlm d hm ghs dssss s.

2 th Dsgshd L wh Ls a ws h g ddss h 2008 Wm

pMs c. F m m h d vw h l ,

ls s h://www.sdg.d/sds//gms/wm__ms/s/

cgHmSyisWld.h.


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s mdl smlsly hmlg d sg ll s wg

ldg, d h lds vy h sds, ly,

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cvl Ls ass, sh h d h Hgh c js, h

Sm c o, s 15 ys vg lw dg. Sh mvd

h c als o 1990. My hs d wh

wg gd s h hllg sh 1995, wh

s sd mmss qy sh hdd vsg h

s wm o, xsg h ss h.

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cml tl rwd d h il cml tl h

m Ygslv. Sh ws mmdd y s h gh s, h

h h s h s, js rhd Glds, mm ipj

il cl, whm my y w m hs sdy h.3

th Hl Ls a g shwd h ml wh 1999 sh

dd [S] psd Sld Mlv sg, vsl mv

h vd xly gh, h s sm mg l

l d ls shg ss. a y l sh d

cd, wly d h Sm c. Fllwg h g dh

Sg V d Mll 2003, sh ws d s h u.n. Hgh cmmss

Hm rghs 2004. Sh s shd h -y m.

o g sh hs shw h wld y d hl g d

mmm hm ghs ll. ths hs lwys md h l.

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xsg hs wh wd d wh lss sg, lss ld

sss. thy sd d gmld d hd. cly wh sh

sd h hs ss mmd d l ld s sl ml ssly h s h isl-L l,

3 js rhd Glds ws m ld--sd h s Fll 2005.


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h w sm wd, wd ys. th sm ws wh sh zd

dms lg wh gms ys. ad whl hd lss,

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l gd my s h ly w ms

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s wh s, hldg hm ghs d hvg

ly. pls wlm h Hl Ls a.


43/81

Integrating Security,Development and

Human Rights

The Honorable Louise Arbour


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42

th y vy mh dd, lds d glm. i m ly dlghd

h d im vy hd vd dlv hs vy sgs

l. i shld my h s w vs. as hs s

dd, i shd my md s ud ns Hgh cmmss

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xss, h s dg d s hm ghs dv. i hv gh

ll my l h ds ssl s dm xss, iv

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s lvg my s. i hv ss y h ds ll hs xhl,

i lly h yhg gs sy. i hgh i wld syg

msly gs hgs, wh i l my d ms hy

d sm lly gs.


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i shld ls ll y ll sy h ws ld m vy ly my

dm d hs ld m sg ggms ly wh

hy llwd y qs-d-sw ds, s h h h

im . ths d wll xl y why iv d

ms my ssl l h s.

o my llgs wh i sd hg lw ws sd hm

ghs sss. ths s wy h dys sy -ml mm. H

ws d y lh m vy wy y d ws vd

m d s . th ws gg l

lly ssl l, h Mldvs sm x l, d h ws

vy g. th h ws vy gd, d h sd, Ys,

ys, ill m. S, wh y xg m?

ad hy sd, Wd l y s 20 30 ms sdg.

S h hgh, wll, hm ghs s d d h Mldvs s

y im vy vs. i d h. S h sd, Ys, ll gh.

H ws d d d hmsl xsvly. Wh h vd

h , h ws ld ws l d h lss w dd.

th wh m hs , h s sd, nw, pss S-d-S

wll ddss y ss dm.

i hv d w ms h gl hm sy. i h

h im h gh g, yll s hv wh m d h

h qs-d-sw d i my g .

L m ls sy h v hgh iv h sslly s h s

dy, i ldy l vy mh hm. iv xmly wll-vd

d iv hd s s m sm h wmggd h Wm pMs pgm, sm mms h ly,

d i l vy mh hm. i h hs s gg lsh h

w wll l s h .


46/81

44

i ls l vy mh hm s y hv vd h s my

my ld ds d llgs , i ws ssd wh i ld h

ls s s my ms ld ds d llgs, ldg s

My rs, j egld, Gh evs, Llyd axwhy, Sh ed

d, s D md, im lly lsd llw g h

ss rhd Glds. S l m w my d ms

sdg hm sy.

i lgh my vy d s u.n. Hgh cmmss Hm

rghs, i sz s l hs y ds mysl m h

dy--dy s h d l vy d ms h

v s hm sy, lly wh h u.n. sysm. S l

m y ly hg h s s i d h h s l

s h s l wh w l hm ghs d sy.

its important to assert at the outset that security is a

fundamental human right and that the obligation of states to offer

basic security to people under their jurisdiction and control arises

from their obligation to promote and protect the right to life and

security of the person.

Fdml ghs d dms vy dsd s sd

y h s sy ss. F s, h lw m

wld y h h hm ghs ms ss h s

sy vs. i h ms gs m h vw s

gd, s, h h h gs h s whh s

y w s dml hm gh h s shd h cv

gs t d s m smy l lw sds h

wy h v s sy ss.


47/81

45

cy h s, i h s m ss h s h

sy s dml hm gh d h h lg ss

s sy l d h sd d l ss m h

lg m d h gh l d sy h s.

S ls wh w lg hm sy, s sy,

vs s vy mh hm ghs.

The human rights pillar is made of glass: fragile, invisible mostof the time, decorative at best, supporting nothing and therefore

requiring only the occasional buffing to make sure that if seen it

would look good.

L m w h wy h ud ns s qd s sslgs h hm sy. i 2005, h Sy-Gl k

a lshd hs ld i Lg Fdm, whh svd s

h l h m dm h 2005 Wld Smm. th

xss lg dm ms s m h u.n. ch d

ms vs hm lllm dd h dml ds

dgy d qly ll mms h hm mly.

th sy-gls ls ssd, my g dlgh s h

m hgh mmss hm ghs, h h u.n. h sd

h lls sy, dvlm d hm ghs d h h

h lls w ld. i , hs wds hv qd vy

. H sd, th sy wh dvlm. th

dvlm wh sy. ad h h sy

dvlm wh hm ghs.

as m w y i m smwh sl hs hl mh

h h lls. i , s sly sd, dd h ud


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ns ss h lls, my vw hy ql sl

sgh. th sy ll s md : s gh, s sg,

sl mly-y s. th dvlm ll s md

sl: dl, ssl s dvlm lg. th hm ghs

ll s, my vw, s md glss: gl, vsl ms

h m, dv s, sg hg d h qg

ly h sl g m s h s wld l gd.

ev hgh h ud ns hs lg hsy ggm sy

d dvlm sss, lshs qly mg mm ss

h s hs w lds: sy d dvlm.

ths lshs ms lyz h Sy cl ld

ss d ldw y vy ly dd u.n.

gs wh w dly sg dvlm sss. b wh

m h h ld hm ghs ds h mvl mm

ss xss sl. ad hs s s my vw vy ss.

despite the assertion in the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights that all human rights are universal, interdependent and

indivisible, in reality not all rights are championed with equal

vigor, even by those states like the United States who purport to

embrace a very strong human rights culture.

Fs d ms, h mhsv hm ghs gd h s ld

h uvsl Dl Hm rghs, h u.n. ch, ldg

hm ghs s d l smy lw s lgl d ll

mw h mss l ss wh gvm d

l, l s w l. S ssgly, h m

h mw y l s, l hgh mmss, s

qly vwd s gm s svgy d


49/81

47

h l s s. ths s lly s s h

vy vly s h s h s wh h s s

gvm, whh sly sd wh h s

l ll y h ms xm ss wh h sl

ss hd hd s.

Sdly, ds h ss h uvsl Dl Hm rghs

h ll hm ghs vsl, dd d dvsl, ly

ll ghs hmd wh ql vg, v y hs ss l h ud

Ss wh m vy sg hm ghs l. em,

sl d ll ghs h gh hlh, d, d, shl

d s ghs s m ss lzd s yd

hlhy m d d dmy, s vl d ll ghs

whh md y Ws s m h s dd

s mls d sl-svg y , dvlg s.

the glass pillar of the U.N. architecture is very much in the

process of trying to reassert itself as a truly indispensible feature

of the legitimate quest for human security.

Flly, h my m hl ss lwg m h v. th

d vl l lw m s -s lw lw

h w hs ss dly, l hm ghs lw l

ml lw, hs lly md. th gwh l d gl

ss wh sg m ls d h gllz

l ghs, mvd y v-m shsd nGo mmy

g h l lvl ll hs sll vd s

s svgy. i sh, h glss ll h u.n. h s vy

mh h ss yg ss sl s ly dssl

h lgm qs hm sy. ad hs mh ,


50/81

48

ly s hms d wldg h ssy lgs

w sy d dvlm d m hm ghs vs h

s ly vsl, mssg ll ghs qlly ll l.

is sg hs x xl h ms d sm h

shmgs h mgg d ssly , whh i

h s h hs dsssd hs s h s d s sll

vy mh h l l dssss h ss

hm sy.4 as y w, h d ws h mh

h nato ss ksv, lly s d h il

cmmss iv d S Svgy, whh dd h

s 2001 . Smwh ssgly, h d ws dsd

vy s lgg whh i wll y h Gl assmly

h m dm h Wld Smm 2005.

4 pls s Llyd axwhys l th rssly p: ps Gll pl

Dm d Gh evs pvg Mss as: Mg nv ag rly. h://www.

sdg.d/sds//gms/dsgshd_l_ss/


51/81

49

as dsd h dm, h d vws sy vy dl

mw, whh i sggs ls , g, vl d ll ghs. clm

hg, h d ss, l dsss, gll dms sh s hs d

y HiV/aiDS d d y h v l ll hs sg sy

sss h mhsz my h m d h lv

m, sl d ll ghs d hs sg lly lly

md y hs mgg d ssly .

i shll, h d, s ld h m dm 2005,

xsss h my ssly ss h l m

gd, w ms, ms gs hmy d h lsg. i h

vds, s, h ss l wllg dshg h

ssly, h ssly h sss h l mmy

whh ms v hgh sl ss vlvg v, d

ldg hss d h hy h ud ns d, l,

h Sy cl, d wh hs m v .

i wll hs sqg mm, s l m l ly

h s h ssly s sd h dm. i lgh s

hsl lg h d hm v, whh sd

wlmd gh v mlly l hm

sh, h ssly ws lly ld sss

h gh h sv v, h ssly ll ss

mly s h s d h l d

sd h d slmd hy ld.

i m d h mh mhss s g ld dvdl s

ssly, s ms h lss l s h d s

ms vsl s h h llv ssly ll mm

ss h ud ns mly, , s

s sgglg s, v dlg . rdd h ssly ss h w l, h d my

vw ds d mh x s h s svgy


52/81

50

m v shld s dl ssls d

lgs. b md y y m mlsy m, l

l ss dl, hs -lz ds yld mh h

mvg h lgh hs ssdly ld s .

the most significant advance in terms of real prospect for real

protection is in the transformation of the right to intervene into

the responsibility to do so.

th s hdg h h h h d s h llv

ssly h l mmy, g hgh h ud

ns, xd dly h w v s hs wh

dd, ws gd, y h w gvm. ad y g,h h m dm h Wld Smm , ly, h hgh

xs h d y h gl l mmss h ld

vy xl h h ssly.

i ms sy h my vw h ms sg dv ms l

s l s h sm h gh v

h ssly d s. i h h lgg s vy sg. iv

md hs lgh l i gv ls y ty cllg

Dl, sh, hs hw h gm gs. th gh v

h l s h s h hm ss mls

h h vg s hs h v . ths wh hvg

gh ms. th xs gh s dsy: o my hs

v . ad wh h v hss , wll

vd d wh s sl-s. ad wh hss xs

s gh v, wll mly xs ghl . ad

hs s wld ly h l mmy s whl: i ld

hs xd v hd l d. ths d h

d hm v, h gh v.


53/81

51

I believe that the responsibility to protect opens a truly new era in

the pursuit of human security.

ud h ssly d, hs s lg s. ths

lg gh, ds v, ssly, lg d s, dd mss. nw hs s mml l

sh, s sll lg ly h x h ssly.

is mly ml ll ssly? i s, wld sll y

sdl lm ds h ss h h sqs

lg m m ml lg my vy sv. b wh

w lg lgl lg? ad i lv h h ssly

s ly w h s hm sy.

th g i h ly h s ssy. th lgl lg

v gd s xssly ld h Gd cv,

whh wll 60 ys ld dy h vsy h uvsl

Dl Hm rghs h s, Dm 9 hs y. is m

l smy lw, sll vy w s hv md

s ws d 60 ys g ds s sh.

ths gs m sd s h d ssly

s ld h 2005 Wld Smm h i h w d xm. a

d mgd lvly ly s whh h ssly

ws hd ms h w w. as i md y, s

sd m gd, w ms, ms gs hmy

d h lsg. My g h hs ws h h h

d ws hv y l l. thy lm h h x h

ss l h l mmy v dly h

l s h s, h d hd sd sv

s h ms ggs hs l, hy sg s vly d s

lv s mw l .


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52

ohs qsd whh hs w s ws g m l

h Ws-syl h vl d ll ghs

v m d sl ghs. i my hm ghs ls, qss w

sd h ssly ss h l, h ls

m dss, m, h s l dsss d xm vy d

dv, lly hs ds w d dsm. o

wh ss ws s ssly, l l, sd

wh md l ms, h h l h d

g hm ghs lgs h vlly d y ss y

y msd hm y l smy lw?

Security can therefore no longer be viewed as either threatened

or ensured principally through the use of force. In that sense, the

Security Council should no longer be viewed as the sole forum

through which the international community can extend itsprotective umbrella to persons in need.

th d ws ly hl, s i h ws vdd y h wlds

h d h gvm Mym h mh

cyl ngs. Fh Fg Ms bd kh, wh hd

vy sg h vs d hm v

Fh, le droit dingrence, h gh vd vy ly

h ssly d h m h yl bm

sggs h h l mmy hd h h vms h

yl dly, h h h bms gvm. i

lss s mg h hy h s, sm wh hd gd

gvg lmd s h mgg d w w gg h h

- h gvm Mym ld sd m

m ml glg, hy mg m gs hmy h

wld h sqly wh h mgg d s ly ld.


55/81

53

i d h s ssy, ly, slv h hs dl d. i

yhg llss g h -lgs dvlm, hm ghs

d sy, w dm m d dm m w. My

h ls h hv ld, l a, h s dd

d mld hm ghs ds d g h wds vy

hm ghs vls. i gs m y s d vs

h l vlly wm d mglzd gs vywh.

Sy h lg vwd s h hd sd

lly hgh h s . i h ss, h m h

Sy cl, h primus inter pares l ss, shld

lg vwd s h sl m hgh whh h l

mmy xd s v mll ss d.

if we were to apply an intelligent institutional design to

match the different phases of the doctrine prevention, reaction,rebuilding existing institutional candidates emerge and present

shortcomings are readily exposed.

th 2005 m dm vsgs l l h ud ns

h l h ssly d. i , w w

ly llg sl dsg mh h d hss h

d v, , ldg xsg sl dds

mg d s shmgs dly xsd.

Fs, h Hm rghs cl shld h m m ly

wg d v. ths w gvml dy ws mdd y

h Gl assmly 2005, h sm Wld Smm, m vsl

s h ll hm ghs d dml dms ll.

th l my vw shld h m d sd h

d h hm ghs ss hgh s gl d sl ssss,


56/81

54

s wll s hgh s w d uvsl pd rvw, d

whh h hm ghs d d m ll s, sg wh

h ls w mms, wll sdd gl vls.

nw, hs l y h Hm rghs cl hs y sl

sl lly h ly. as y w h Hm rghs cl

ws d vly 2006, h dms s dss, h mh-

mlgd cmmss Hm rghs. th Hm rghs cl s sll

ll dy d hvs vy mh s sh. i sss 47 mm ss

h ud ns, ld y h Gl assmly, d h 47 ss

lld d h mml l ql ggh ds, s

sl whh 26 h 47 ss svd a d as.

I would dare suggest that the membership of the United States in the

Human Rights Council would go a long way to enhance the relevanceof the council and could assist in moving it in the right direction.

alhgh ws mld h m s h ss wld

m s h Hm rghs cl d h hy wld hv

m ldgs d mmms s h mg l,

d lhgh ws hd h mms h l wld v h

dvdl y wh h s s s ly h ls

ly mv wh h gl g, d h mms h

Hm rghs cl d v lg g ss. Whh gl

gll, hs ss ly d wh h mm hm ghs

h h ss hd.

i h h m g s s sy h w hv s h ld

sv m v d ly-wg l h ss ss

hs hm sy, h s hs mdd d s hs y


57/81

55

lv s ll l. ad i wld d sggs h h mmsh h

ud Ss h Hm rghs cl wld g lg wy h h

lv h l d ld sss mvg h gh d.

L m h sd u.n. s mly d h

ssly d. th m h ssly

m s vy sqly wh h g dlm, dsssv

d v mss h h Sy cl s mwd dly,

ssmg h h s hs hd h sg h

l d sy.

o g h ss mdms h Sy cl dshgg

vly h , whh s s h xs h v

w h v m mms h Sy cl. Y my


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mm h m h sy-gls m v, whh

ld hs 2005 Wld Smm dm, ws h m h Sy

cl. th h sy-gls ws sssl,

gd sl ds wys h h lgmy d vss

h Sy cl h hm sy.

Sm hs ds hv -ld vy wll l

Foreign Affairs, h Sm/o ss, y M amwz d

thms pg. Wh gg h hy ss h mmsh

ms h Sy cl d h ss whh

s m mmsh shld shld md

y v gh, hgs ld md wh hvg md h u.n.

ch, smly y dvlg sss mg h m

v mms h s h v w. ad h

sm wy, h hs g h v lvly mds

y h m v mms h Sy cl g

s, whh hy ly d d, wld g lg wy h

h dly d vss g s, lly

ss mgy.

all hs dssss, whh i h shld gd s ll sls,

m wh h h ml sl m. H g,

hwv, hg l ss wh llv ssly

sd hm ss s h mmd hz.

nw, hd, hs dl s ss h ud ns qd

hdl h ssly d ss h ldg hs

h ssly d. Yll ll hs v,

d ldg hs. th pldg cmmss, h w

s h h u.n. m ss 2005 d, hs h md

l s-l vy, d shld dlly sd dyh sl s d m dvlm ss h

ssly m h lg m.


59/81

57

let me stress that the sequencing of action from prevention to

reaction to rebuilding is much more an intellectual construct than a

likely scenario in reality. The reality of conflict management doesnt

always lend itself to a convenient, chronological unfolding of responses.

Mlll s mhsms ls vll h l

mmy ddss h shm m s. as h

l mmss hd d, m w lm h l

mmys my s l ml s, whh hs

d vd wh dms sysms l lls, hgh

whh s h dd /d hld .

Hvg sd ll h, l m sss h h sqg m

v ldg s mh m lll s

h lly s ly. th ly l mgm ds

lwys ld sl v, hlgl ldg sss. F

s, dvs ssly sss ly h h

d s ly, v msly, mly v. Mh

hy sy s v. Wll, hs s vy sd ss. Mly

v s l xd sd vy mh s ls s,

my vw, ld l v h v hs

h d. F s, h mdg gd ms

gs hmy sm mgd, vyhg ls lg g lly

sd, v ld q mly .

ad h s-lld hs h s, wh h ms h d

ss v lly g mmd h ssy sh

shd h s hs. th ll ly d

h h sl ml ssly svg sm s d


60/81

58

ll hs lls h ls ssl vsg d s

w mls. ths s ggs h slvd d h

llgd lg ss d s vs, d my wll

g h shm shld dd lwys h s hs

h d d shld wh h v s.

Whether it will make a much needed contribution to increasing

human security, and therefore to peace and equitable progress,depends much more on U.N. member states political will than

on any further theoretical refinements of the doctrine.

i dsg, s i lv s svs , d h h

sqg ss l, s dlyd s sll s dd. ag, s ssy slv hs d h, s m

dsd h dh hs mgg d d h hgh s

w w s lz .

th ssly m s d l w vs hm

sy h h Wld Smm lds gd 2005. Whh wll m

mh dd sg hm sy, d h

d ql gss, dds mh m u.n. mm ss ll

wll h y h hl ms h d. b dds

ls ldg wh h ud ns sl s l

vly mlmg h ds ss. ad h, h ll

h ud Ss wll l ly wh h Sy

cl, wh s wh hs vlgd s, ls wh

h Hm rghs cl, wh y h s ly s. ad

h u.S. m h h , shld d ms m

m s d m s wld, wll hv -m h dml

s h uvsl Dl Hm rghs.


61/81

59

why is the World Food Programme buying food from the

Sudanese government to distribute it to the people of the Sudan?

Doesnt the government of the Sudan have a direct responsibility

to feed its own people, the international community intervening

only if and when it is unable or unwilling to do so?

o h v h 60h vsy h uvsl Dl, h dml

s vsly d dvsly ghs my mg ls

wld whh sy sss lg ssd lly wh

h cld W h h l w. th m sh

l dsss, sh s H k cyl ngs, d h

glg, d ws gvms, hs hghlghd h dmm vy, dsm d sl xls wh s d

w s. th d sy d y dv s

h h h llld ms gllz. ev shsd

dm ss, ll ly l s lly dq

dss. th lw, d hm ghs lw l, s h l

gd vw hm sy, gd y dvdl ghs d

llv ssly, d s s wll s dvdl ly.

th shmgs h ds ssly w

l ss d h l mmy my vw

llsd h ws d y jy Glm h ags 10 d

h New York Times l ld, D Whs s Sd Slls

Fd bz. th ls xss h mg Sds d-x

dsy, whl h y s h lls ds

d m l ds d whl h Wld Fd pgmm, whh

gs ds sh, m ll s qms h Sd


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y yg d h y s h gvm ms m my

xg h sllg dms sm.

ths, mgh sy, gs h qs, why s h Wld Fd pgmmyg d m h Sds gvm ds h l

h Sd? Ds h gvm h Sd hv d ssly

d s w l, h l mmy vg ly d

wh s l wllg d s? ad why gvms l h

h Sd wllg l h l mmy dshg s lg

y dg h l D, s wllg l h

l mmy dshg s d ssly hl D m , llgs d dslm?


63/81

61

th sw mgh l h s dhmy w vl

d ll ghs d m d sl ghs ld h Wld

Smms l h d ssly . i ss ls

h g-ld dly qg lw ms mss d ms

mmss. W my h d l wh ly h ss

whh vls m, sl d ll ghs my s

ms gs hmy. js s vy ss sdl s

s h s ly sd s m gs hmy d v

mss s gd, gss vls h

gh d, hlh, shl whh y d y ml

glg shld m d h l wh h mgg

d ssly .

i wld h h vy wld md h y l d

dms ss lly xl h s h lw dg ms

gs hmy, s s gv h lls ssl h gh l,

whh s h s h m l hm ghs vs:

h cv cvl d pll rghs d h cv em, Sl

d cll rghs. nw, i sggs h hs wll q hls h

sy, s d ms mhszg hm sy v ls

d v lm l sy, d g mmm h

mvs qly d vsl lm h h lw.

i dm sy, wh w s ld gvms s h hy

dsg d ds ll ms lws h wll s h l w

ds s d ds . as l d s mms,

w sslly s slvs, hw mh my dm m i d

s my sy? i vs h qs, ld y

ld ll ss, sm l wh d h hmslvs

s vll ss w h h wg qs. thy h:

Hw mh h dm hs m i d s h myw sy? th sw h s l s, h sl s vs.


64/81

62

The rights of every individual are enhanced, not reduced, by the

enhancement of the rights of others, and conversely, every one of

our fundamental rights and freedoms is diminished by the

curtailment of the rights of others.

ths s wh l lws ms slm d s dm

dls, d hs s dd h gs my vw hm ghs lw. th

ghs vy dvdl hd, dd, y h hm

h ghs hs, d vsly, vy dml ghs d

dms s dmshd y h lm h ghs hs. ulmly

h dm d sy s sd y h hm

h dm d sy vy ls. i h ss, h mvs dvsly d vsly ghs hv l, l mls, h

ms m g h ghs ms l d h hy ms

md d d y lw.

as iv dd l, whh hslly llgd hm vs

w lly sh whh hy w m dsgs h s

d ms sl-s, hy m d l h m

hm ghs. ev dm d lg-sl hs h gh l,

hm vs s w w hm h l h

d ssly dq mhss l s

l gh. i h w h h il c

js h s bs d Hzgv v. S d Mg, i

h w wssg h m lshg h lgl lg

v gd, whl w ld h ll mmm xd h

ssly ld l ms.


65/81

63

Lds d glm, ls d i y qss g

, i sggs h h lgl lds s mgg whh d

sy wll hd y h sd l lgl d

h wll ssd h ll, h wll h s ll

h mls hm sy. Fm h l h d

h dvy ssy d-sd ll dsm d h

sg sl d l s, h s sdl

ds g, ly, h ggs ss hv ldy . thy

w ls 60 ys g y h ms h ud ns d y

h ms h uvsl Dl Hm rghs. o s s mly

gv ly. th y vy mh.


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64

QuEsTIOns AnD AnsWErs

The audience submitted questions which were read by Dee Aker.

DA: Thank you so much. Given your travels, given your experience

during those four years as human rights commissioner, are you

optimistic or discouraged at this point? Do you find any place where you

see responsibility being assumed in a way that would model a sense of

possibility for us to proceed?

La: F wh s wh, d s y gm ydy, i m

lly ms, my s s my d s sd y

ml d s why i shld s dssd. Fs, l m

d sy h i h h wm hv l hs ds sss.

i h h w sly dsgd y h h s hms w

hv sd l m s lg mmd vm d h

hs s sg d. is s w d g vy mg

ld h hdl h w s gss. a lg g

hm sss lg s d mg ml slvs,

mls, ls, d mmy. ad h s gd

hg; h s lg s wh s xd s.

S i h y m ssms wh y s ls, vy hgh

hm mlshm. t d l, whh sslly w hv

h m gg ls hs dmshd ddss ssly h gss

qs h s llv s, h gss qs

h ds h wlh h l, wh s d w

s, s smhg w mlsh vy mh dy--dy ss. i

w m ll gss y hs sss, i h w hv s

lv h w mvg h gh d.

DA: Let us hope. In the fact that there are democracies as well as these

regimes of tyrants that are now holding up their responsibilities, which is

more distressing to you: to see a democracy not upholding these standards


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65

or to see that there are these regimes that are so off track? Which is the

greater challenge to us?

La: Wll, g, dds wh s w msg. i s ss

sl dsm d lms yl, s h w hgly

dsd wh w s s, lly s ms

hv. Fly, i h wh hs hd ys h ud

Ss wh h gvm ws xssg mvl vs vs h s

, wh md , ws sg ms dsss h

hm ghs mmy. thy l h w v m h ,

h gs h hv md v h s 60 ys gg ms,

hw w ssly, ssly, lv h w wll s y

hs ms? ad hw h ud Ss y

h sg ldsh d dvy l h hs d sh lg

m s s sly dsdd y hs wh s lg x

llw h h?

b h d h dy i d vy dl m mss: a

hm ghs vls m sv y h h? th sw

s ly ys, i d h lly hls. F s, iv v

g hm h d d g hm ghs

m. i w s slvs, hm ghs m sd dy

M Swd, i d h s gg d y gd h h

l Swd M sw h qs. i my vw, h ly

lv qs s s vy s, vy lly, y dy s

gss, sg gss vs vs y w y d y

w hsy d hm ghs d? ths lv qs, d hs

qs wh i h h d s, s q ssg wh wld

y h s l.

DA: This question is regarding human security. In order to achievesome of the goals that you presented tonight, do we need a more legal

approach for example, a strengthening of international criminal

law or a more political approach for example, conscience-building,

consensus-building among political actors?


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La: i l lwys h ls. i mly lv h h s vsl

--vw. W ll hv --vw. i m m h lw. i lv

h lw. i lv h w hv v g xl lly wh h lw

hs l w. nw, hvg sd h, w ly h

d y h mg m dml ll lss. i d w

dsg y ls ywh, i h h lw s s gs h

lg m h h ll v h mm. th lw lds

h ldg ss hg hs wh l, hg lss

wh ss, s h syg gs. i i ly hd s mh gy, i h i

wld sy wh h m lgl sms.

DA: In line with your newfound freedom of expression, do you believe

that Myanmar, or Burma in terms of its horrifying tragedy was a

missed opportunity to assert the requirements of intervention, when

aid and aid workers were continually turned away with the charge

that aid was for another reason? How did you perceive that? What was

supposed to happen with that obligation as a basis of human rights?

La: i h s h lyg ld ly xss, h h lgl lds d

h mg ll sss, i d h h y d d

g v ws ls , dsg s s sy .

Fly, i h h l lm h s ls w sll ll

s, ldg yg sd ch xs m v l

s mgg d vy m l w s w

yd. ad h s Mym, l vs

ch my hv lyd m sv l h g d , ssly

s ws lly sg y l d. b i h h s

Mym, gl ss (h aSean s5w vy vlvd)

d yg mlz h l h sv l ch ws s

mh s w ld x h m.

DA: Do you have any comments, again with this newfound freedom,

to make about the legitimacy regarding the humanitarian issue of

5 ass Shs as ns.


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Guantnamo Bay, a prison containment center being on foreign soil,

outside the U.S., and not under the same laws apparently as the U.S. in

terms of human rights?

La: th vy s h i hd h xs Gm

by lg x hs ddssd, d h ws h s

d h m h l h u.S. gvm vd h

dl vsgh h s s dm mhy. ths m

dmy h ll ls, d i h h w w h h sgh

g dmy l am s h lgs w h hs

gvm, w h lgslv, h xv d h dl h.

a g dsss m h m, g mg vy mh m lgl

--vw, ws hs l m shl mlly h s

h xv m h mv dl vsgh.

Arbour discusses her lecture with IPJ WorldLink Interns Jay Bartell and Sierra Parker


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ths hs ddssd lg hgh lg. th s hv

sd -y h l h gvm ws yg dy hm h

mgm h ms dl lgl, sy-ld sss

m. i h ss, i l l h h s h

vy ssly. i ds m iv gd wh vy ds dd y

h , hs h . th s hv dl sy.

nw, h d h dy, i h h Gm, h m xs

h s, hs w m mh am xlsm,

dl sdds, h l ml sdg h h ud Ss s vd

hv wh s s dvy hm ghs sss. S i

h h xs ly whh h s, my , y,

lgd d wh mh h h y hs ss wll d

ywh, v md hs y, hs sd mds dmg h

ud Ss lly d dmslly.

DA: Staying on that political line, what message would you give to a new U.S.

president regarding human rights and the damage that U.S. foreign policy

has done in terms of representation in the international community?

La: ths s vy sms m s gvg dv mg

sd. th my hgs. i i w sd d ll s

wh h u.S. ld d, s i md my ms, i h h ud

Ss hs h l mmy h l s.

S i wld h h w wll s h ud Ss m l

h Hm rghs cl. is vl hv h mhl

my h. i vy mh h h w wll s h ud Ss d h,

ly, s q mds x; i d h s vy g dl. im

mh m ms h h.

id l h ud Ss -sg h rm S g h ilcml c. i lly lv h am l ls d h d

h ys shld dw, shld md , shld


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69

dsmwd. i lly lv h hs sddly d vw, s

ssl h ud Ss m h d whl h sm m mg

sl swl gs, h d h dy l s.

DA: How can private security actors be held accountable under

whose legal framework?

La: i hv ss h hs wll lgd d wll d lgl sws

h. b wld sm m h hs dml l h

h s d s ssly y dlgg -s s

wh s sslly s w ssly. Y vz w d

sy h h Gv cvs d ly s h s ll

-s s. i h h h s wll hs vl dlg

ssly w h l s d h v s h gl

h lws w, d h h ssly wll vsd

wh lgs, whh s h s.

DA: Seeing as this is part of a working conference on the role of

women peacemakers, violence against women and security issues,

what is your perspective on the gender dimension? Can you speak a

bit more on the role women are playing?

La: Wll, my ill s ll lg hs , s.

Wh i m mm h dy cd wll, s ll ws

h vs y s hs lg m g ws sll m

wh h w ss qss h ms d h sdl

s wm h s. as w sd vdg h dl sysm,

h w ls sg dssss h qs, wh d

shld m? i dg s h ly h lw y w h mg

h ldld wh d shld m y wm m,

mm h my g? Y ssd dd s hss y sl , s why y s xsd y h d

h w shld hv m wm h h?


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70

th w ls ds d dssss d sm sds whh

wm dgs s d v. ad h d ws smwh dvsv

x, v mgs mss d ll hs wh w mg

m wm dl ds mg. S h w my

wh ly, sd h w cl Gllg wh w h In a

Different Voice, gd h wm hv d ml l, hv

d ss ml mmy. ohs w vy sl d sd, v

wm hgh h gg hd d ml l, h ys

lw shl wll wy y ml l s h g qlz: Y

m hs, y d hv y ml vws. n, im xggg.

b h sm d, s ssly ld my, s smmg

h qs whh wm lly hv smhg sl

h ldg mms, s-l mgm. ad ly,

wh dslsg wh s i h dl ss, i lly lv

h wm wldwd hv q, vy l lsh vl

ll s ms. W llvly h h lg

vl ll s ms, ldg h ms vds, hm-sd,

mly-ld vl. S i h wm hv l dsdg

vl ll s ms.

i lv wm hv ls l h sl dss.

ag, h ls ds s whh wm sg

sss. b h d h dy s m gh. W hv gh

w gvms d w hv ld ss

dmslly d lly h h m h mms

whh w w. ths wh dvsy s , ldg i h h

dl wm h w gv, ldg h

s y d h sh .

DA: When we think about the fact the U.S. is 69th in the percentage of womenserving in government, and we look at a place like Rwanda, which went

through this incredible crisis, which now has a majority of women running

the government, what happens in that process? Do we have to go through

some kind of violent experience to step to the plate to take action?


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71

La: i ly h . b ly, h ld-shd, ll, Ws

dms d l lly gd. i d hv h sss

h qs gv, h ls yg

dms d my s hy m s hmslvs

hs y h hv dly msg qs h

wm h lgslv h. W hv l wh h. i

aghs, s, hy hv ss sd wm, s vy

dgs hv wm slly g s h xs h ss.

S s lly gd sysm. b gv s vy

mh h h w wld, mgg dms. o

h d my hs, w, h m dlly slshd Ws

s, d hv w lsss l.

DA: What is the United Nations doing to push the U.S. to ratify the

womens human rights treaty signed by most other countries: CEDAW,

the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination

Against Women? Is there any pressure?

La: is s h cv h elm all Fms Dsm

ags Wm. th ud Ss s g s, lly

hm ghs s. ths h ly. i hs xmly lw . th

sl sw s, wll, w d d y s w ldy ml.

i h h s h u.S. my s h wll y.

ths s d h i h hs l wh hs y. Wh s

h ud ns gg sy sd h am gvm

m ss y s? Why s h u.S. yg h w

cv h rghs pss wh Dsls? Why? i h hs s

qssl am d. i hs l hs y. is

g h l mmy. is g y ss

xlsm h w d.

i my wys, lly wh ms mly , i h s

m gz h h ud Ss hs vy q xs.

is lld mh m h ydy ls. is vy xsd. b


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72

ds m h hs whdw mlly m h mhsms h ll

hs hv m, whh l dsm, dsm

gs wm, ss wh dsls, h cv h rghs

h chld. th ud Ss hs sll d h cv h rghs

h chld. Hw h ? alg wh wh w, Sml?

DA: Assuming that Vice President Dick Cheney or former Secretary of

Defense Donald Rumsfeld traveled abroad and are detained for crimes

against humanity, would you take on the difficult task of defending

them, if offered?

La: i hgh h qs ws gg , wld y s? b i hv

sy, ddg hs . Fs ll, s s h ly

iv v hd h lm l ml s d md

sg ds y . b i d h s lly h my

svs wld d h y.

DA: Can you say something about the rights of immigrants, the global

phenomenon of people being pressed across borders, the internally

and externally displaced?

La: i h h h qs mmg s ly h ms

hllgg h wld d, ly, w d s wh

vy w ggh lss. th wd mmg hs ,

lly hs y, vs l lw ss l

ss. b ids, s, h s xds dms

ws h Gl s. S h qs h mvm l,

lly m ss, s wldwd hm h my

vw s g ddssd sly hm ghs ms. is g

ddssd, ly u.n. m, lwys s m d ll

ss msly s m ss, wh h mssg s ssd h s w-w s: is gd h y g, ms,

s gd h s wh hv shgs w. b i h w

hv lly ssly ddssd s hm ghs ss.


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F s, d hs s s h ud Ss, hs sgl Ws

y h hs d h cv h rghs Mg Ws d

Mms th Fmls. nw, hw h Ws wld l dvlg

s h hm ghs lgs wh s d

h ssls h w s h lly h hm, h hd

sll h ls, h smms l sss?

o qss mg, sm, ll sdd y s hm

y Ws s y e, y nh am d i h hs

ld hm ghs ms, ldg h h dmd,

llgl mmgs hv ghs. thy my hv h ll-ldgd ghs h

m wh zsh h sm wy h ldd mmgs mmgs

wh y glly my hv, h sm ll-ldgd ss

lms h m m ly d zsh, hy hv sm

ghs. thy hv h gh l. is y sggsg h w shld ll

hm ll? b hs sl l h s l wh sd

h y ly g s ghs hlds s l.

DA: In Uganda the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) victimizes its subjects

and yet the leaders of the rebellion fear to come to an agreement due

to fear of the International Criminal Court and the potential for their

arrest now. And so, the subjects on whom the Lords Resistance Army

prey are still victimized. How can the Human Rights Council help or

how can something change this case?

La: o h i wld qs h ms h qs, whh s h h

lds h Lra s g s lg m

gm s hy d h il cml c. Wh

hv hy h ls 20 ys? thy w h l, d h w

dms gs hm. i , i h h icc whhld sm m

s dms h h h h ss wld dv. S, ly, hs s, s hs s x mg dl h hy d w

m h s l s hs g ? ad s g

, wll, h l s. th h hy wld l


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74

ds xs ym, whh s hld l yhg. th

s lg sl. S wh hy syg s h hy wld h

d ms gs hmy ugd, h s . is

hs hm; s h icc. S h s. b h h hy

wld l, whh s v hv h 20-y mds

mg, ly h s ym h Gd.

DA: What can young people do to make human rights a fundamental

pillar of the United Nations and the international community?

La: th ms wh i wd hw hllgg hs ms ll l,

s yg l dy d wh s mh m m

d s my ls hl s, hw mlz hs s

ly s ll m dl. i h w vy gd gh.

th ms wh i l wh iv d d i h, i l vy

dly s iv v ssly ggd sss ld h

vm. Wll, hs , i ws lly sy. Y l ysl

l dq s y sv h l ll s ss.

i h y hv y ghs d lly mm. th y hv

shw sldy wh h hs wh g h h gd ghs. Y

hv gd z; hs lg m ysl. b s

wh d w l y shld hv, i sy. i v g

hw yg l g wh hs s hm.

ag, s gl s id sy: p . D l dly y d

hm ll. M s h hs d hm ll, lly y ld lds.

blv sldy. Y hv lg g h s mvg wh y

wd hs wld.


77/81

75

rELATED rEsOurCEs

2005 World Summit. www..g/smm2005

Abramowitz, Morton and Thomas Pickering.Mg iv W.

Foreign Affairs. Sm/o 2008.

Convention on Civil and Political Rights. www.hw.g/lgl/.hml

Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

www.hw.g/lgl/s.hml

Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.

www.mgsghs.g/i_cv_p_rghs_MgWs_Fm_1999_e.hm

Gettleman, Jeffrey. Sd: Lvg hds d xg d. New

York Times. 10 ags 2008.

Human Rights Council. www2.hh.g/glsh/ds/hl

In Larger Freedom. r h Sy-Gl h ud ns.

Sm 2005. www..g/lgdm/

International Crisis Group. www.ssg.g


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ABOuT THE unIVErsITY OF sAn DIEgO

chd 1949, h uvsy S Dg (uSD) s rm chl

s hgh lg ld 180 s vlg S Dgs

Mss by. th uvsy S Dg s mmd mg dm

xll, xdg ll d ssl wldg, g dvs

mmy d g lds ddd hl d mss sv.

uSD s sds s dd h xm h chl d

s h ss g sh mg my l. Gll

d dvlm d h l hs d vls xmd

hgh ms s d ss sh s h j b. k is

p & js, h Vls is, h ts-bd is, h c

pl is Lw, h is Lw d phlshy d h il

c ch ed. Fhm, hgh sl ms vs

sh s h Sl isss c, h jms bd Sdl Ldsh

d ehs Symsm d h j b. k Dsgshd L Ss,

w v h mmy s h xl hs vls.

i ys, uSD hs hsd my dsgshd gss ldg nl

p ls d m psds jmmy c d os as, Sm

c ss, ud ns d ud Ss gvm ls s wll

s mssds m s d h wld. i 1996, h vsy

hsd psdl D w dds bll cl d b Dl.

th uSD ms, sdd h ms hlly q h

, s w s all p. L h y S Dg, h ms s

s m m S Dg d all, Fs h wh svd s h

m all d Hs, msy Mdd, S. th Ssh

rss h h hzs h v-y ld uvsy

all svs s h s h ldgs h uvsy

S Dg ms. th h ws dd y h ds, bsh

chls Fs bddy d Mh rsl Hll, h h sh


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77

h hgh y d hmy. r dds, sh s h s--

h- Dld p. Shly c S d thlgy d h w

Shl Ldsh d ed Ss ldg y h d.

a mm h sgs ph b k, uSD s d mg h

s 100 vss. uSD s s 7,500 dgd, gd

d lw sds gs dm gms m h 60 lds sdy

hgh sx dm dvss, ldg h cllg as d Ss d

h shls bsss adms, Ldsh d ed Ss,

Lw, nsg d Hlh S, d p Sds.


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