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QUALIFICATIONS

Water Treatment and Water Reuse

Low-Pressure Membranes

V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign\00-Preface.indd 021219 Preface | 1

Carollo Engineers is an environmental consulting firm with more than 1,050 employees in 44 offices throughout the United States. All of our work is performed in the areas of water and wastewater, resulting in a level of understanding of key project issues that few can match. Carollo strives to maintain the tradition of using sound and proven engineering principles while moving progressively forward to keep abreast of changing times and new technologies.

This is a specialty Statement of Quali-fications (SOQ) for Carollo Engineers detailing some of our experience and expertise in the field of water treatment specific to this topic.

CONTENTS

Issues and Differentiators

Key Achievements

Testing and Optimization Capabilities

Publications

Company Profile

Preface

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WHY USE A LOW-PRESSURE MEMBRANE FOR DRINKING WATER APPLICATIONS?Addressing chlorine-resistant pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, while controlling disinfection by-product (DBP) formation is a challenge faced by the water industry. A main goal of the regulations is to balance the microbial risk associated with

Issues and Differentiators

Membrane technologies such as ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) present an attractive process alternative, since:

• Disinfection is provided by physical removal of the pathogens, without the use of preoxidants that prod-ucts DBP’s.

• Clarification is achieved with shorter water residence times than for conventional treatment, minimizing DBP formation.

waterborne pathogens with the carcinogenic risk associated with DBPs. Consider the process train selected for Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD), CA, shown below, with low-pressure membranes providing Cryptosporidium and Giardia removal to 4 logs (99.99%). The chlorine disinfection basin volume was reduced by 75%, sized to disinfect virus only. The smaller basin minimized contact time with free chlorine minimizing DBP formation.

Process train selected for Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD), CA, with low-pressure membranes providing Cryptosporidium and Giardia removal to 4 logs (99.99%).

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As their costs decrease and their manufacturing quality control procedures are tightened, low-pressure membrane technologies compare favorably to other filtration technologies.

Why Choose a Low-Pressure Membrane for Reuse Applications?In areas where fresh water resources have been utilized to their full capacity, water reclamation offers the opportunity to sustain growth and comfort without wasting fresh water resources. For these applications, low-pressure membrane technologies are the process of choice. They provide better quality water than tertiary filters. They also constitute the first step toward reverse osmosis treatment, which is required when groundwater replenishment is practiced.

As our society’s ongoing commitment to protecting natural resources has increased, wastewater treatment plants have faced increasingly stringent discharge standards. Phosphorus limits are an example of effluent standards that cannot be met with conventional technologies. To meet these limits, low-pressure membrane technologies are once again the process of choice. Used in conjunction with chemical precipitation, low-pressure membrane technologies can reduce phosphorus levels to concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/L. Low-pressure membranes provide physical disinfection and solids removal that

contribute highly consistent wastewater effluent suitable for land application, direct and indirect potable reuse.

Why Select Carollo?Carollo Engineers is the largest firm in the U.S. specializing solely in water and wastewater engineering. This focus has empowered our treatment experts with a thorough understanding of issues and challenges facing plant owners and operators today, and has resulted in a long list of satisfied clients. We have worked with some clients for more than 80 years—a clear indication of our ability to offer innovative solutions and our dedication to client service.

Carollo is an industry leader in the implementation of low-pressure membranes for a wide variety of water and wastewater applications. Members of our staff were involved in the design and start-up of large-scale membrane applications as early as 1996. As illustrated in the table on the following page, members of our staff have evaluated UF and MF technologies for more than 30 water supplies and designed low-pressure membrane facilities totaling over 340 mgd in capacity.

Low-pressure membrane technologies provide the flexibility for future water uses as well as minimal use of available land.

Carollo’s Achievements in Low-pressure Membrane Applied Research and Design

• Innovative work in the area of membrane integ-rity for the protection of public health.

• Pioneering the open platform membrane pro-curement approach.

• Installation of the first open platform UF facil-ity greater than 10 mgd.

• Design of the first UF plant west of the Missis-sippi River for the East Bay Municipal Utility District in Pardee, California.

• Design of the first 98% recovery, low-pressure water treatment with periodic solids drain in California.

• Integration of low-pressure membranes in lime softening plants on the Missouri River.

• Novel 2-step membrane process integrated with high-rate anaerobic digestion to produce high-quality effluent from primary treated wastewa-ter for reuse or groundwater replenishment.

• Development of processes to treat difficult high solids, high TOC effluents.

Low-pressure membrane technologies offer substantial benefits when:

• Consistent high-quality filtered water must be produced from challenging raw water quality supplies.

• Facility footprint and visual impact must be minimized.

• Rehabilitation and capacity increase of an existing conventional treatment plant must be implemented simultaneously.

• Efficient phasing of facilities is required since membrane systems are modular in nature.

• Remote operation is necessary.

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CAROLLO EXPERIENCE WITH LOW-PRESSURE MEMBRANES

Client/Water Supply Manufacturer(s)

Plant Capacity

(mgd) Plan

ning

Plan

t Eva

luat

ion

Inve

stig

atio

n

Stud

y

Pilo

t

Desi

gn

Cons

truc

tion

Oper

atio

nal P

lant

San Diego County Water Authority, Twin Oaks Valley WTP

Improvements, CAZenon (ZW1000) 100

Minneapolis Columbia Heights, MN X-Flow 70

City of Tempe, South Tempe WTP, AZ Pall, GE 65

Manatee County, Lake Manatee WTP Filter Upgrade, FL Zenon (ZW100) 54

City of Kamloops, River Street WTP, BC, Canada Zenon (ZW500) 52

City of Thornton, Wes Brown WTP Operations Study, CO Zenon (ZW500) 50

Modesto Irrigation District, Regional WTP Phase II Expansion Redesign,

CAEvoqua 36

City of San Diego, North City Pure Water Facility, CA Toray 34

City of Olathe, WTP No. 2, KS Pall 30

Irvine Ranch Water District, Baker WTP, CA Pall 28

City of Yuma, Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility, AZ Zenon (ZW500) 24

Upper Trinity Regional Water District, Tom Harpool WTP, TX Zenon (ZW500) 20

City of Lake Forest, WTP, IL Aquasource 14

Clifton Water District MF/UF WTF DB, CO Toray 12

City of Temple, Membrane WTP, TX Pall 12

Eastern Municipal Water District, Hemet WTP, CA Zenon (ZW500) 10

City of Lodi, Surface Water Treatment Facility Start-up and Operations

Assistance, CAPall 10

Pearland, TX Pall, Memcor, Toray 10

Parker Water Services District, CO Meta Water 10

Eastern Municipal Water District, Perris WTP, CA Zenon (ZW500) 10

Washoe County, South Truckee Meadows Water Treatment Facility, NV Pall 6

City of Lebanon, Low-Pressure WTF, OR Toray 8

Fountain Hills Sanitary District, Advanced Water Treatment Facility Membrane System Replacement Project, AZ

Dow 3.3

Park City, Quinns Junction WTP, UT Pall 3.0

City of Two Rivers, WTP Performance Evaluation, WI Hydranautics 3

City of Ashland, Wastewater Treatment Plant, OR Zenon (ZW500) 2.3

Carmel Area Wastewater District, Salinity Management Project, CA Siemens (CMF-S) 1.5

City of South Bend, South Bend Water Treatment Facility, WA Memcor 1

Oden Water Association Membrane Filtration Plant, ID X-Flow 0.9

Ak-Chin Indian Community, Water and Wastewater Capital Improvement Project, AZ

Zenon (ZW500) 0.6

East Bay Municipal Utility District, Pardee Reservoir, CA Aquasource 0.1

Daly City, Expanded Tertiary Recycled Water Facility Feasibility Project, CA

Toray, DOW, BASF, Scinor, Metawater

3 mgd

City of Ventura, Direct Potable Reuse Demonstration Study, CA Toray Pilot


(Daly City, CA). This approach provides data to compare the membranes’ responses to the raw water quality and any events that may occur.

An open platform procurement approach additionally gives clients flexibility for future replacements. Modules may be replaced without the financial burden of replacing the entire system. Only very minor modifications are necessary to operate a different membrane in the open platform membrane rack, making replacement modules cost competitive and system upgrades straightforward.

After the appropriate membrane has been determined, systems are designed to ensure robust and reliable implementation. Designs also include

redundant equipment for vital systems of operation to effectively eliminate the opportunity of failure.

ENERGY DEMAND REDUCTION AND CLEANING OPTIMIZATIONCarollo not only recognizes the importance of reducing the capital cost, but the operating costs of a membrane system. Energy is one of the largest expenses of operation, but can be reduced with an efficient design. Implementing the optimal pretreatment for raw water before membrane filtration reduces the rate of fouling, so the permeability of the membranes remains high. As permeability increases, transmembrane pressure decreases. A decrease in transmembrane pressure directly relates to a decrease in energy consumption as it lowers the demand to operate pumps and other system components. Equipment selection can further reduce the energy cost. Carollo evaluates process equipment to minimize power consumption and has evaluated Green Power alternative sources such as wind and solar power, as in Park City, UT.

Developing the appropriate membrane cleaning strategy is important to the health of the membranes and the operation of the plant. Over cleaning can generate excess residuals which must be

Tangible Client Benefits with Emphasis on Life-Cycle Costs

Carollo’s expertise in low-pressure membrane tech-nology has direct benefits for our clients, frequently translating into system designs with increased op-erational efficiency, reliability and offer significant capital and operational cost savings. Some exam-ples are provided below.

Open Platform Procurement ApproachCarollo is able to delineate the project scope by using an open platform procurement approach. Open platform membrane racks are designed for interchangeability instead operating with a single element from a proprietary system, as is the case with a conventional approach. This provides system flexibility and long term benefits. Working with multiple membrane manufacturers allows access to their unique technologies and innovations. With more innovative options, Carollo is able to better match membrane technology to specific project needs in a cost-competitive manner.

Pilot-testing multiple membranes with an open platform pilot system allows for direct comparison of membrane performance. Carollo has pilot tested up to three modules side-by-side (Lebanon, OR) and four modules over the course of pilot phasing

Open platform system designs allow membrane module interchangeability, reducing costs and expanding access to innovation.

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disposed of and increases chemical consumption. Not cleaning frequently enough can cause membranes to foul, reducing the membranes’ lives, and increasing the energy cost of plant operation. Through pilot-testing, water quality analysis, and manufacturer recommendations, Carollo is able to determine the most efficient cleaning strategy for a membrane system and identify system specific cleaning triggers.

Residuals ReductionCarollo takes a unique design approach by focusing on residual reduction through pretreatment, clean-ing, and disposal. With appropriate pretreatment processes and cleaning strategy, the production of residuals can be minimized. In-line coagulation upstream of membrane filtration can precipitate metals and other pollutants in the raw water to be removed during filtration. In Ashland, OR, the concentration of phosphorus in the discharge of the plant was reduced to 1/100th of the raw water after the addition of in-line coagulation and membrane filtration. By optimizing the membrane cleaning strategy to minimize the number of cleans, the pro-duction of residuals is reduced.

While residuals production can be minimized, it cannot be completely eliminated. For this reason, the treatment of residuals that are discharged into the waste stream is critical. Carollo has demonstrated their ability to recover waste wash water (Modesto Irrigation District, CA; Irvine Ranch Water District, CA; and Temple, TX) and recycle it through the treatment process to

maximize recovery. Carollo has also designed and implemented systems to treat and recycle chemical cleaning solution reducing waste flows (Modesto Irrigation District, CA). These and other innovation strategies further decrease the number of untreatable residuals the plant must dispose of.

A Custom Approach that Efficiently Integrates Conventional and Membrane Treatment ProcessesFew MF or UF membrane plants are now designed without some kind of conventional pretreatment whether for pretreatment or residuals handling purposes. Therefore, the design engineer must combine both membrane expertise and conventional expertise to properly integrate the membrane process into the plant process.

Carollo utilizes tried and true techniques, as well as cutting edge tools, to optimize coagulation, oxidation, and clarification process designs to meet membrane specific criteria. Our resources include jar testing equipment, a state of the art zeta meter, and infrared cameras to assess problem MF/UF installations and pilots.

Unlike media filters, MF and UF membranes can produce low turbidity filtered water from a range of sources without the use of coagulant. However, they have limited ability to remove natural organic matter (NOM) which may produce DBPs. Therefore it is often necessary to use coagulant upstream of membrane applications to pretreat water for enhanced NOM removal to comply with DBP regulations.

Matching a feed water quality to a balance between loading rates, pretreatment and cleaning procedures results in a reliable membrane filtration system.


Irvine Ranch Water District, California. The Baker Water Treatment Plant receives water from two different sources; both sources are subject to taste and odor events and one has elevated concen-trations of dissolved manganese. To address these variable water qualities, Carollo installed chemical treatment with chlorine dioxide upstream of the MF filters and a powder activated carbon system that can be used when needed.

Clifton Water District, Colorado. The conven-tional water treatment plant was rehabilitated to use UF membranes in place of media filters. Preexisting pretreatment processes were utilized with the UF membranes, combining conventional pretreatment and infrastructure with new, innova-tive technology. The membranes were housed in the re-purposed building that originally housed the media filters.

Designs that Save WaterHemet, California. The water treatment plant in-cludes the first two zone 98% recovery membrane system approved in the State of California. For the initial plant capacity of 10 mgd, the system’s ad-ditional recovery prevents pumping and/or wasting 336 acre-feet/year of State Water Project water.

Modesto Irrigation District, California. In the ex-pansion of the water treatment plant, it was re-de-signed to be a zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) process. The wastewater and membrane cleaning solution is purified and recycled to the head of the treatment process so virtually no effluent is discharged.

Irvine Ranch Water District, California. Chemi-cal cleaning related sewer discharges were reduced by 30%, by collaborating with the system supplier and re-engineering their standard cleaning proce-dures.

CAROLLO’S ROLEFocusing Design on the Most Appropriate Membrane Technology

Carollo’s job is to protect our clients’ interests. We are not in business to sell membranes or membrane systems. Our goal is to help develop a project that best suits the needs of each client. Our evaluations and pilot studies are fair and objective. Carollo’s role is to screen low-pressure membrane technolo-gies to ensure the selection of the most appropriate technology for the specific situation. The design must ensure robust and reliable membrane technol-ogy at the lowest reasonable cost.

Membranes have unique process sensitivities, and interrelated plant processes must be designed to produce a filterable water quality.

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The project profiles on the following pages present highlights of Carollo’s key achievements in drinking water and wastewater treatment using low-pressure membranes. These examples illustrate our ability to:

• Implement innovative technologies to improve process design and performance.

• Integrate engineering and research to achieve practical solutions tailored to specific client needs.

Key Achievements• Involve project participants early in the process

to “demystify” advanced technology and fully understand each other’s needs.

• Offer advanced solutions that are practical, af-fordable, and reliable.

We would be happy to provide client references that can attest to the quality and responsiveness of Carollo’s services upon request.

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HIGHLIGHTS

New 12-mgd UF Water Treatment Facility in a re-purposed building that originally housed media filters.

Cost-effective and operations-friendly alternatives for chemical selection and storage.

Smart reuse of the existing facilities.

CLIFTON WATER DISTRICT, COLORADOCharles A. Strain Water Treatment Plant Rehabilitation

The project consisted of a $14-M renovation of the Charles A. Strain Water Treatment Plant for the Clifton Water District, CO, to incorporate 12 mgd of ultrafiltration capacity within a re-purposed building. The Carollo Design Build Group (CDBG) served as the Engineer-Led Design-Builder for the GMP-Based Design/Build for this treatment plant upgrade.

This progressive design/build project utilized 3D design and frequent meetings with the District early in the design phase to make important decisions that kept the project on track.

The membrane procurement included an open platform design where the membrane racks and associated infrastructure allows a minimum of 3 different membrane suppliers for competitive bidding and future replacement. The use of an open platform for the membrane system offered the District several advantages, including: lower project capital costs, the potential for system customization, and lower life-cycle costs without compromising long-term membrane module performance and warranties.

The project was completed in one year with the upgrades coming on-line 5 days prior to the date when the owner needed additional capacity.

Key project elements included:

• Utilizing previous pilot data to develop criteria for next generation membrane products.

• Evaluation of proprietary, single element, and open platform membrane systems.

• Pretreatment operations tuned for water quality and enhancing membrane performance.

This project was the recipient of the 2016 National DB Institute of America (DBIA) Water/Wastewater Award of Merit.

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IRVINE RANCH WATER DISTRICT, CALIFORNIABaker Water Treatment Plant

For a number of years, water agencies in south Orange County had investigated alternatives for improving both water supply and water system reliability. A study undertaken by the Santiago Aqueduct Commission was finalized in June 2007. The Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD), Santa Margarita Water District, Moulton Niguel Water District, Trabuco Canyon Water District, El Toro Water District, and Municipal Water District of Orange County participated in the study. The study confirmed the feasibility of constructing a new 28-mgd water treatment plant (WTP) on the former Los Alisos Water District site.

Following completion of the feasibility study, the participating water agencies selected RBF Consulting and Carollo for the engineering services necessary to support the preliminary design, final design, bidding, and construction of the Baker WTP and water conveyance facilities. Carollo is responsible for design of the Baker WTP, and RBF Consulting is responsible for design of the conveyance facilities. The raw water to be delivered to the Baker WTP will come from two sources: Metropolitan Water District’s Lower Feeder (MWDLF) and Irvine Lake. MWDLF has the potential to deliver State Water Project water or Colorado River Water. Water from Irvine Lake consists of a blend of water from the MWDLF and surface runoff.

The Baker WTP provides reliability to fresh water supplies in South Orange County. Engineered to conserve the region’s valuable fresh water supplies, the non-recyclable liquid residuals are less than 0.5% of the plant production.

HIGHLIGHTS

Membrane system designed for intermittent usage of PAC.

Use of chlorine dioxide as pre-oxidant for manganese.

Use of pipe gallery for membrane room layout to improve access and aesthetics.

UV disinfection installed as secondary barrier for Giardia.

The plant treatment process must be capable of treating the range of water quality from these various sources. The water will be filtered utilizing Pall microfiltration (MF) technology and disinfected utilizing ultraviolet (UV) light, free chlorine, and chloramines to meet both federal and California drinking water standards. To reduce anticipated elevated concentrations of dissolved manganese in Irvine Lake water, chemical treatment with chlorine dioxide will be installed upstream of the MF filters. Both sources of raw water are subject to taste and odor events. The design includes provisions for adding a powdered activated carbon (PAC) system. In addition, both sources of raw water most likely contain, or at some point in the future will contain, Quagga mussels, which have recently been detected in Lake Mathews. Therefore, the design includes provisions for adding tighter screens to protect the membranes against shell debris.

Completed in 2016, the Baker WTP is a reliable alternate source of drinking water to the South Orange County area in the event Metropolitan Water District’s Diemer filtration plant is not operational and/or raw water deliveries from Metropolitan Water District are curtailed due to water shortages or natural disaster.


HIGHLIGHTS

Florida’s largest planned low-pressure membrane facility.

New 52-mgd submerged UF system in re-purposed building that originally housed media filters.

Membrane system procurement package developed around two pre-qualified suppliers and included parallel pilot testing.

MANATEE COUNTY, FLORIDAPreliminary Design, Design, and Construction Phase Services for the Lake Manatee WTP Filter Upgrade

Manatee County selected Carollo to provide the de-sign and construction services for the Lake Manatee Water Treatment Plant (LMWTP) Filter Upgrade Project. This 54 mgd ultrafiltration (UF) retrofit of media filters at LMWTP represents Florida’s largest planned low-pressure membrane facility.

The two existing surface water treatment trains at Lake Manatee Water Treatment Plant (LMWTP) have a capacity of 54 (52 net) mgd and comprise co-agulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and dual-me-dia filtration, followed by disinfection/stabilization. The media filters are approaching the end of their useful life, and based on previous evaluations, the County selected the UF process to retrofit within the footprint of the existing filters. As part of a pre-ceding work assignment, Carollo performed a com-parative evaluation across several noneconomic and economic criteria of the pressurized and submerged UF hydraulic configurations. The submerged UF hydraulic configuration was subsequently selected for the retrofit.

Carollo is performing the procurement and design of the 54-mgd UF retrofit at the Lake Manatee WTP. This 54-mgd UF system represents Florida’s largest planned low-pressure membrane facility.

Key components for the ongoing design project include new prescreens, UF membrane system, backwash system, clean-in-place system, pumping and piping, filter modifications, and integration with existing infrastructure.

The project includes the following major tasks:

• Evaluation of existing pretreatment approach for compatibility with UF process.

• Prequalification of membrane system suppliers based on pertinent qualification criteria.

• Predesign and membrane system procurement documents including pertinent process and de-sign differences in the two prequalified systems.

• Membrane supplier proposal evaluation and pilot testing, including price and technical evaluations including both desktop and parallel pilot testing components.

• Permitting with the pertinent agencies.

• Final design around the selected membrane sys-tem supplier.

• Bidding and construction phase services.

• Startup services and warranty phase assistance.


HIGHLIGHTS

Treats multiple water sources.

On-site backwash water treatment and recycling.

Energy saving design uses available head to operate without feed pumps, reducing membrane system’s energy costs by 60%.

Use of 3-D modeling tools.

2012 ACEC of Utah Engineering Excellence Honor Award winner.

PARK CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, UTQuinns Junction Water Treatment Plant Process Evaluation

The Park City Municipal Corporation (PCMC) owns and operates one of the most complex distribution systems in Utah. Historically, its 47 pressure zones have been supplied from 8 separate groundwater sources that enter the distribution system in different locations. PCMC retained Carollo Engineers to complete preliminary and final design for a green-field water treatment plant located at one of the two main entry corridors to this resort community. During predesign and design, Carollo assisted PCMC in exploring fast-track implementation options, including pre-purchasing metal buildings, pre-purchasing membranes, and constructing temporary facilities for initial operations while the permanent facility is constructed. Carollo also worked with PCMC and Pall Corporation during a monitoring test period to verify and optimize membrane performance.

The new Quinns Junction Water Treatment Plant (QJWTP) adds a new source to the PCMC system, increasing its total reliable system capacity by approximately 30% and supplying approximately 60% of peak day build-out demand when fully expanded. The QJWTP is a direct filtration membrane plant using microfiltration membranes to treat surface water from the Rockport Reservoir. The QJWTP includes the ability to treat multiple sources and has provisions for the addition of

pretreatment if future changes to the raw water quality require it. The initial 3-mgd constructed capacity is expandable to 9 mgd. The QJWTP achieves high TOC removals with coagulation, and, with the GAC contactor improving aesthetics, Park City has received no customer complaints and several praises from its residents.

The QJWTP is an effective surface water treatment plant that can be staffed part time and operated remotely. Unmanned operations actually began during pre-commissioning. The PCMC staff has a complex distribution system and groundwater treatment plant to operate, and unmanned operations were critical to keeping its staff available to address other elements of the system.

Subsequent to design, Carollo provided office support during construction, including supplemental field services, engineer-led training, and engineer-written operations manual

Carollo provided preliminary and final design for a green-field water treatment plant located at one of the two main entry corridors to this resort community


UPPER TRINITY REGIONAL WATER DISTRICT, LEWISVILLE, TEXASTom Harpool Water Treatment Plant

The unique design of the membrane tanks used galleries to minimize exposed piping, improving aesthetics.

HIGHLIGHTS

Design of a new 20-mgd WTP using membrane filtration.

Master planning of site for 200-mgd.

Plant’s high level of automation allows for unmanned/remote operation.

Use of pipe galleries in membrane tank configuration to improve aesthetics of membrane systems.

Modular design of membrane system allows for expansion in smaller and less costly increments.

Plant facilities and site lighting designed to minimize impact on surrounding residential property.

This area of the Dallas Metroplex experienced tremendous growth in the early 2000s, and the Upper Trinity Regional Water District (UTRWD) decided to build a new water treatment facility to serve this area. This is the District’s second water treatment facility. The District’s first WTP, the Regional WTP, has a 70-mgd capacity.

Carollo provided a conceptual design study, which included an evaluation of a conventional treatment

facility with ozone versus a membrane treatment facility. As part of this study, life-cycle cost was developed for both options. In addition to cost, other factors included the viability of remote operations and sensitivity for operational manning of the plant. The recommended treatment process for this facility was a membrane plant.

The next step was a membrane pilot testing study to determine the design parameters applicable for this new plant. Three membrane manufacturer units were tested at the Sulphur Springs WTP since that plant receives the same raw water. The raw water is relatively high in total organic carbon (6 to 7 mg/L) and has an average turbidity of 20 NTU. In Texas, a membrane treatment facility is classified as an alternative treatment process, which requires at least 90 days of pilot testing. The pilot testing confirmed that membrane treatment is a viable and cost-effective process that provides high quality water.

Pilot testing was followed by the design of the facilities for the initial 20-mgd plant. The final design included a membrane building to house the membranes, a control/chemical building, high service pump station, 4-MG clearwell, backwash recovery basins, and a recovery pumping station along with miscellaneous yard structures and piping.

One of the challenges for this initial plant design was laying out the site facilities and piping to accommodate an ultimate 200-mgd plant while minimizing the initial plant construction cost. UTRWD wanted to either eliminate or minimize potential shutdowns during future expansions of the plant. One of the unique aspects of the plant design included an option to reduce the operational staffing to 12 hours per day and have the plant operated remotely for the remaining 12 hours. This required extensively automation and instrumentation for which a membrane plant is ideally suited because automation is inherent in the process.

The plant has been in operation since November 2007.


CITY OF LAKE FOREST, ILLINOISCity of Lake Forest Water Treatment Plant

The City of Lake Forest had concerns about the ability of the Lake Forest WTP to meet existing and future water quality standards at its design capacity. In addition to the limitation of the WTP capacity based on water quality concerns, physical limitations of the plant’s capacity prevented the operation of the plant at its 18-mgd design capacity. Furthermore, aesthetic constraints limited expansion of the existing building. To assess these issues, the City hired Carollo to develop a feasibility study.

Lake Forest is located on the shore of Lake Michigan. The quality of the water varies around the lake; however, pilot studies and full-scale plants have demonstrated that low-pressure membrane treatment is a viable alternative for direct treatment

HIGHLIGHTS

First low-pressure membrane system approved by Illinois EPA.

Phased, prioritized schedule of plant improvements.

New low-pressure membranes with an initial capacity of 14-mgd.

of the water supply. Based on an extensive study of the raw water quality data, Carollo prepared preliminary design criteria and cost estimates for a 14-mgd membrane treatment facility. This desktop study included a comparison of the anticipated operations and maintenance costs for both a conventional system and a low-pressure membrane system. Based on the results of the feasibility study, the City decided to proceed with an evaluation and preselection of one membrane supplier.

The evaluation process combined a present worth analysis and short-term pilot testing of three membrane systems. As a result, the City hired Carollo to follow up on the one-year testing required by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and design a 14-mgd membrane filtration facility around the preselected membrane system. The plant’s design accommodates an ultimate capacity of 18 mgd.

Carollo completed the design in six months. Construction of Phase 1, which included the membrane facilities, was completed in May 2004. The plant is now successfully producing ultrafiltered drinking water for the residents of Lake Forest.

Construction of Phase 2, which included emergency engine generators and a dehumification system, was completed in November 2004. Change orders – including owner-requested additions to the scope averaged less than 1% of the $19.9-million construction cost.

Eight skids equipped with 24 18-inch Aquasource membrane modules help to meet plant production and redundancy requirements at the Lake Forest WTP.


CITY OF OLATHE, KANSASWater Treatment Plant No. 2 Expansion

The City of Olathe maximum day water demands significantly increased over the eight-year span from 1996 to 2003 (from 15.6 mgd to over 27 mgd, re-spectively). This rapid change in demand prompted the City to contract with Carollo to verify the City’s future demand projections, examine the existing WTP infrastructure, provide recommendations for a long-term plan to meet demands, and design the plant expansion.

Due to a tight schedule that required the improve-ments to be complete by the peak demand season in 2005, Olathe opted for project delivery via a design-build procurement method. Carollo main-tained a leadership role as engineer and produced a 30% set of plans and specifications. The 30% de-sign effort included membrane piloting for a three-month period in order to produce reasonable design criteria for four prequalified membrane manufac-turers. The 30% design bid package included two alternative building designs so that Olathe could receive comprehensive competitive pricing on both submerged and pressure-driven membrane systems. Membrane suppliers were responsible for bidding the project based upon Carollo’s net present value analysis of the results of the pilot study. In this manner, a level playing field was established upon which Olathe could evaluate the contractor’s bids. Carollo delivered the 30% plans and specifications on time to meet the project’s aggressive schedule.

Carollo designed this membrane room and Pall membrane rack to allow the City of Olathe to increase plant capacity by 13-mgd.

HIGHLIGHTS

Design-build delivery of WTP expansion to 30-mgd.

30% design that includes two alternative building layouts to obtain competitive pricing for submerged and pressure-driven membrane systems.

Innovative approach to meet peak season demand requirements on a tight schedule and at a reasonable cost.

Carollo assisted the City with the evaluation of proposals from four prequalified contractors. The contractors were required to prepare and submit a proposal for both pressure-driven and submerged membrane system. The weighted proposal evalua-tion was based upon a number of factors, including: experience with the construction of similar installa-tions, experience of the proposed project team, and proposed project cost.

The project includes a membrane building to house the selected modular pressure microfiltration mem-brane system, allows Olathe to increase the current plant capacity by 13 mgd and provides space to take the plant to its ultimate membrane capacity. All of the required infrastructure to hydraulically process 44 mgd was included in this expansion.


MODESTO IRRIGATION DISTRICT, CALIFORNIARegional Water Treatment Plant Phase 2 Expansion

Carollo provided design services for the Modesto Irrigation District’s phase 2 Expansion Project. The expanded treatment plant includes 36 mgd of mem-brane filtration and post ozonation. The project in-cluded peer review of unit process design, redesign of unit processes and structures, and construction support.

Carollo redesigned the membrane backwash water treatment system to improve process performance and reliability. This system is a critical aspect of the treatment process because the backwash water is re-cycled to the membrane system. Carollo performed a pilot study to develop design criteria for the new flocculation and sedimentation basin. The new pro-cess was able to exceed performance requirements and provide consistent recycled water quality.

One unique challenge at this plant is that the waste membrane chemical cleaning solutions must be treated onsite and recycled to the head of the plant. If the neutralization process is not completed cor-rectly, there could be DBP formation with excess sodium hypochlorite or disruption of the coagu-lation and sedimentation process. Additionally, with two to four chemical cleans a day, a manual neutralization process would require a significant amount of operator time and effort. To address these concerns, Carollo developed an automated neutralization program that ensures chemical neu-tralization and minimizes operator involvement.

MID’s 36-mgd Phase II expansion includes an ultrafiltration membrane system that is principally operated by gravity, utilizing permeate pumps only under upset conditions, significantly reducing power costs. The plant minimized it liquid discharges by neutralizing and recycling 95% of spent chemical cleaning residuals, and treating the recycling 95% of its waste washwater.

HIGHLIGHTS

Improved membrane waste washwater treatment system.

Automated neutralization system for on-site handling of chemical waste streams.

Improved safety of ozone and chemical systems.

CA DDW Coordination.

Carollo managed the project’s final construction phase including startup and commissioning. Carollo also led all coordination with DDW. This included negotiation of permit requirements for on-site han-dling of waste chemical cleaning solutions and prep-aration of detailed operations and start-up plans.


CITY OF TEMPLE, TEXASMembrane Water Treatment Plant

The City of Temple constructed a 12-mgd Pall membrane WTP in 2004 to supplement its existing 29.7-mgd conventional WTP. The source water presents a high level of dissolved manganese, dissolved iron, and total organic carbon. The initial treatment process included pre-oxidation with chlorine dioxide, membrane filtration, chlorine disinfection, and membrane washwater recycling through alum coagulation and lagoon. The plant was designed to achieve a net capacity of 11.6 mgd. However, after 4 years of operation, plant operators observed rapid increases in transmembrane pressure, inefficient cleaning, and loss of production capacity. The City contracted with Carollo to identify the cause of the decreased production capacity and to develop operational improvements to recover the design net capacity.

Membrane racks at Temple’s Membrane WTP.

HIGHLIGHTS

Washwater recovery is a key element of a successful membrane plant design.

A multi-stage cleaning procedure can remove fouling that is not removed by a two-stage cleaning procedure.

In-line coagulation helps control disinfection by-product formation.

The reduced production capacity of the plant was determined to be a result of membrane fouling caused by both organic and inorganic materials. Results of this investigation indicated that membrane production should be recovered after the membranes are cleaned using the Pall/Carollo recommended enhanced CIP cleaning procedures. The study also identified several operational adjustments that will help control the observed fouling. These adjustments included:

• Operate with the excess recirculation (XR) loop.

• Increase in the backwash (RF) water flow rate.

• Add enhanced backwash (EFM).

• Equalize washwater (RF) lagoon supernatant flow.

The study determined that current operation results in recirculation of large quantities of colloidal solids that are not properly coagulated and very little DOC removal (as expected) with microfiltration membranes. Treatment process units were constructed to sustain plant operation and provide greater flexibility. They include:

• Existing RF lagoon utilized as ClP wastewater equalization lagoon.

• New 20,000-gallon washwater equalization tank to provide constant flow to the washwater clarifi-cation process.

• Plate settlers installed downstream of the flow equalization tank to effectively remove solids from the RF stream.

• In-line coagulation installed upstream of the membranes to increase DOC removal.

A performance test required by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality demonstrated that the plate settlers met (and exceeded) the turbidity treatment goal.


EASTERN MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT, CALIFORNIAHemet Water Filtration Plant

The Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) depended on imported surface water for approximately 75% of its water supply. The remainder was produced from local groundwater supplies and extensive use of reclaimed water (EMWD operates five reclamation plants with a combined capacity of 50 mgd). However, a severe six-year drought and the pressure of continued growth within the service area stretched EMWD’s supplies to the limit, forcing it to rely increasingly on imported water, which must be treated.

EMWD’s new Hemet Water Filtration Plant uses a Zenon submerged membrane system.

HIGHLIGHTS

Carollo’s compact layout provides 40-mgd of state-of-the-art treatment on a five-acre site.

Plant design allows for fast and easy expansion.

Winner of American Society of Civil Engineering Projects of the Year, Los Angeles.

In 2003, EMWD realized its need for further filtration capacity and retained Carollo to develop a strategy for designing and constructing a 10-mgd membrane filtration plant expandable to 40-mgd, using State Water Project water, in 32 months. State Water Project water is a good quality, raw water. However, it is subject to taste and odor events and DBP formation.

To accommodate the relatively tight project schedule, Carollo awarded a subconsultant design contract to the membrane supplier. By doing that, Carollo protected the owner’s interests (the engineer is responsible for the full design) and reduced construction time (the submittal review of the membrane system was performed during design). To ensure that the membranes are fabricated, tested, delivered, and ready for installation when construction progresses to the appropriate point, Carollo prepared a prepurchase contract which also incorporated strict performance and quality control requirements.

The plant utilizes 500-micron mechanical screens followed by a unique two-zone, single-tank membrane system with 98% recovery. The plant combines membranes with chloramination to meet state and federal requirements for removal and inactivation of pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and viruses. In order to achieve taste and odor control and provide further disinfection capability, the plant’s design accommodates the future addition of GAC contactors or dosing PAC within the flocculation basins and UV disinfection.

The Hemet Water Filtration Plant has been meeting EMWD’s expectations since September 2006. Since this date, the Carollo Team members have completed several standard operating procedures, a 1-year operations engineering report required by the State Water Board Division of Drinking Water (DDW) for alternative filtration technology, and an engineering report to allow EMWD to operate the plant as a 12-mgd facility without installing further membranes.

“The Hemet Plant is the easiest of all our facilities to operate and maintain, and much of the credit for that is your team’s interaction with our O&M staff to make sure they got what they needed to maximize their efficiency.”

— Charles Bachmann, Assistant General Manager - EMWD


CITY OF YUMA, ARIZONAAgua Viva Water Treatment Facility

The City of Yuma’s Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility (WTF) is a key component of the City’s long-term plan for water supply reliability, increased treatment capacity, and improved water quality.

Construction of the 24-mgd first phase of the Agua Viva WTF was completed in August 2009 to serve the eastern area of the City. The project was developed using the construction manager at-risk project delivery method. The approach provides a mechanism for real-time value engineering, constructability review, and cost estimating by the contractor throughout the design period.

The treatment processes and technologies employed at the Agua Viva WTF were defined as part of a detailed Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP). The WQMP was a collaborative

The Agua Viva WTF is the first membrane water treatment facility to be permitted through the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.

HIGHLIGHTS

Local design of a new 20-mgd WTF (expandable to 40-mgd) using membrane filtration.

Plant’s high level of automation allows for unmanned/remote operation.

Design includes a chlorine dioxide generation system for pre-oxidation and a sodium hypochlorite on-site generation systems for disinfection.

Designed with the flexibility to implement enhanced coagulation to assist in reducing DBP formation.

Construction manager at-risk project.

effort between the City and Carollo. The following treatment process resulted from the WQMP work.

The raw water pump station is located at the termination of the Gila Gravity Main Canal to maximize the reliability of the water supply. Pretreatment at the plant site consists of bar screen, self-cleaning strainers, coagulation, and two-stage flocculation using aluminum sulfate as coagulant. In addition, chlorine dioxide is generated on-site and is dosed as a pre-oxidant. The clarification-filtration process is an immersed membrane system. The system is able to operate at high solids loading. The design allows the City to run at high alum doses if necessary to remove organic material that contributes to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the finished water.

On-site sodium hypochlorite generation is used to produce a low concentration sodium-hypochlorite solution that is used for primary disinfection. On-site generation eliminates the potential exposure of operators and the surrounding community to hazards of transporting and handling gaseous chlorine or bulk sodium hypochlorite solution.

A washwater recovery system was installed to maximize recovery. The system includes flow equalization, chemical addition, dissolved air flotation, and solar drying beds. The recovered water is recycled back to the head of the treatment process, upstream of the self-cleaning strainers.

Provisions were made in the WTF site master plan to add ultraviolet disinfection and granular activated carbon contactors in the future in case of degradation of the raw water quality.

“The Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility is a tremendous asset and source of pride for the City of Yuma.”

— Kathleen Carroll, Water and Wastewater Treatment Manager - City of Yuma


CITY OF LODI, CALIFORNIASurface Water Treatment Facility Start-up and Operations Assistance

Valve racks and membrane module racks at the SWTF.

The City of Lodi designed and built a new 10-mgd surface water treatment facility (SWTF) to supplement its groundwater supply.

The raw water comes from the Mokelumne River, which is a good water supply source with an average turbidity of 2 NTU, and TOC concentration typically below 2.2 mg/L. The goals for the finished water are 4-log Giardia reduction, and 5-log virus reduction due to the high coliform concentration in the raw water.

HIGHLIGHTS

The Transition Manager approach is a proven alternative to public-private partnership.

It provides a shorter schedule than the contractor-led startup approach.

It realizes a seamless transition between testing and operations.

The primary treatment process includes: raw water pumping, in-line coagulation, grit removal basin, feed water pumping and straining, pressure-driven membrane filtration, chlorine disinfection, and finished water pumping. The treatment process scheme also includes backwash water recovery and recycling through equalization basin, coagulation, flocculation, and plate settlers.

The commissioning of the facilities was challenging because:

• The SWTF is the City’s first surface water treat-ment plant.

• The City council had voted against a public-private partnership that could have transferred the operational risk to a third-party operations company.

• The operations staff was not with the City dur-ing design and construction.

• The operations staff had not operated membrane filtration facilities.

In order to achieve these challenges, the City contracted with Carollo to act as the Transition Manager (TM) when construction was near substantial completion. Carollo’s primary role was to coordinate the startup and testing activities, and to assist with operations during the two first years of the facilities.

More importantly, the TM focused on the Owner’s expectations rather than on the contract conditions and built on his process and operations expertise to foster trust among the stakeholders. As a result, the complexity of the membrane system was demystified, the quality control activities were performed proactively in order to address the deficiencies before they become problems, and a collaborative approach was fostered between the Owner, the Engineer, the Contractor, and the TM, which greatly facilitates the transfer of ownership and the completion of the project. The SWTF has been meeting the needs of the City since its approval by the DDW in November 2012.


ODEN WATER ASSOCIATION, SANDPOINT, IDAHOMembrane Filtration Plant Rehabilitation

However, the replacement membranes experienced severe integrity failures and degraded filtered water quality after only 13 months of service. The membrane modules were sold to OWA with a limited 12-month warranty and were deemed ineligible for warranty replacement by the manufacturer. After evaluating three alternatives for membrane system rehabilitation and module replacement, OWA elected to redesign their membrane racks to provide module interchangeability.

This custom rehabilitation provided several benefits including:

• Infrastructure Reuse. The “surgical” rehabilita-tion kept key plant elements intact, reducing costs.

• Maintaining Plant Production During Con-struction. The selected rehabilitation approach significantly reduced construction costs. Compet-ing alternatives, including pre-engineered package systems, required wholesale replacement of the ex-isting process piping and temporary filtration sys-tems to meet system demands during construction.

• Long-Term Reliability. The membrane racks are designed for interchangeability, allowing the OWA the flexibility to bid future membrane module re-placements.

Project elements:

• Open platform ultrafiltration system design pro-vides membrane module interchangeability and long-term membrane module cost control.

• Redundancy added in filtration capacity and ancil-lary systems.

• Re-engineered the membrane cleaning strategy reduced residuals production by 50%.

• New, custom engineered membrane clean in place system with a higher degree of automation increas-es operator safety.

• Improved backwash hydraulic controls to reduce membrane fiber breaks and improve backwash ef-ficiency.

HIGHLIGHTS

A custom approach to providing an “open platform” a.k.a. “universal rack.” Redesigned headers allowing straight forward membrane module interchangeability.

Custom engineered rehabilitation that is cost competitive with proprietary pre-engineered systems.

Delivered with separate system and membrane module suppliers, allowing for a high degree of customization in the rack design, process capabilities, and system integration.

Pilot testing waiver given by state, based on conservative design flux selection for new membrane modules and previous plant operating history.

In 1999, the Oden Water Association (OWA) upgraded its existing media filtration plant near the City of Sandpoint, Idaho, with membrane filtration technology. OWA experienced relatively trouble-free operation of its 0.86-mgd direct filtration plant for nearly 10 years. When the Association replaced its existing membranes in 2008, it expected another 10 years of trouble-free operation.

Before rehabilitation After rehabilitation


CITY OF LEBANON, OREGONLow-Pressure Membrane Water Treatment Facility Design Phase 1

The City of Lebanon has undertaken a water supply project to replace an aged and failing WTP, providing a new reliable water supply for the future. Carollo was selected by the City to review prior planning work to validate project elements and estimated costs and to provide permitting, design, construction management, startup, and commissioning services for the water supply project. The project scope includes an intake on the South Santiam River, raw water pump station, raw water pipeline, water treatment plant, and potable water transmission main.

The intake has a capacity for withdrawing the City’s full water rights of 37 cfs. The WTP is designed with an initial production capacity of 4.5 mgd, expandable to 8 mgd with minor equipment upgrades, and to 14.5 mgd through incremental expansions. The plant includes pretreatment, low pressure membranes for filtration, disinfection, corrosion control, and a finished water pump station.

HIGHLIGHTS

Provides a highly reliable process and water supply system to meet project goals for Lebanon’s sole source of potable water.

Prioritized the design and construction budget to ensure the project stayed within the City’s allocated funds.

Involved the City in every decision limiting the changes throughout design and resulting in a finished product meeting the City’s vision for these critical facilities.

The focus of this project is to provide a reliable water source for the City into the future as the existing plant is aging and reaching the end of its useful life. With a focus on reliability, the intake was designed to account for low river levels as a result of extreme drought, changes in reservoir releases, and climate change. Furthermore, process parameters are conservative to provide a multi-barrier approach for water quality upsets, but also carefully selected to maximize the value added to the project.

Construction is scheduled to begin in May 2016 and be completed by 2018.

Key project elements include:

• Evaluation of proprietary and open platform UF systems.

• In-line coagulation for organic carbon removal, including testing of cutting edge coagulation process management tools.

• Membrane pilot testing on a three-module pilot skid.

The City of Lebanon’s new water treatment plant will include a state-of-the-art membrane filtration system designed for membrane module interchangeability and modular expansion. Scheduled to be one line in 2018, the plant will replace the City’s existing 1960’s era conventional water treatment plant.


FOUNTAIN HILLS SANITARY DISTRICT, ARIZONAAdvanced Water Treatment Facility Membrane System Replacement Project

The Fountain Hills Sanitary District’s WWTP collects and treats wastewater. The WWTP is rated for 2.9 mgd, average annual daily flow. Effluent in excess of seasonal irrigation demand is routed to the Advance Water Treatment Facility (AWTF). At the AWTF site, the effluent is filtered by a low-pressure membrane system and disinfected by UV light prior to being injected into the aquifer for storage. The water is later recovered by five ASR wells.

The existing MF had been in continual use for approximately 12 years. Due to wear and tear of the system components and the stainless steel piping, the MF system was nearing the end of its serviceable life.

The new UF system presents tighter membrane pores, higher recovery rate, and lower chemical consumption. This means a more sustainable system with improved disinfection capacity, less water losses, and less chemical loaded wastewater discharged to the sanitary sewer. The project increased the treatment capacity of the AWTF from 2.9 mgd, average daily flow (ADF), to 3.3 mgd, and provided a higher level of redundancy with the possibility of maintaining the capacity with one train out of service within the same footprint.

HIGHLIGHTS

The CMAR delivery allows the project team to meet the Owner’s goals while delivering the project on schedule and on budget.

The purchase of the UF system through an OEM/Membrane Vendor joint venture provided substantial savings to the District.

A new level-flow compound control loop facilitates operations by allowing the operators to use a unique operation’s mode.

Finally, the UF system was purchased through an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a membrane supplier, allowing the District to realize a substantial savings.

Due to the seasonal demand of the treated water for golf course irrigation, the AWTF could be taken off-line from May 1 to September 30. Therefore, the construction phase of the project was completed in four months.

A fast-paced design and permitting effort was required in order to meet the aggressive construction schedule. The District, Carollo, the Contractor, the OEM, and the membrane Supplier completed the design in four months, with local and State permitting efforts running concurrently as part of a Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) delivery. Carollo knowledge of the old facilities combined with its membrane expertise was instrumental in the success of the project.

Construction was completed on schedule and on budget. The new facilities are currently meeting the District’s needs for both golf course irrigation and aquifer replenishment.

UF membrane train supplied by Tonka (OEM)/Dow (membrane vendor).


CITY OF ASHLAND, OREGONAshland Wastewater Treatment Plant

Carollo recently provided planning, design, and construction management for the 2.3-mgd Ashland WWTP to improve the water quality and health of the receiving water streams, Ashland Creek and Bear Creek. Designed to meet a stringent effluent limit of 0.08 mg/L phosphorus as required by the total maximum daily load and to address other water quality concerns in Bear Creek, the Ashland plant indeed produces the highest quality wastewater effluent anywhere in the Pacific Northwest.

Phosphorus is a soluble nutrient that conventional WWTPs cannot remove. While phosphorus does not pose any health risks to humans and is not toxic to fish, it can cause excessive algal growth and dramatic daily changes in pH (acidity vs. alkalinity) and dissolved oxygen, particularly in warm, slow-moving waters.

Since the plant was not originally designed for traditional biological phosphorus removal (Bio-P), and Bio-P is not sufficient in itself to meet the 0.08 mg/L total phosphorus limit, Ashland’s new treatment plant utilizes membrane filtration to remove the phosphorus and other pollutants from the wastewater. Alum is added to the treated

HIGHLIGHTS

Pilot testing of two alternative membrane treatment systems.

Recommendation of Zenon membrane system based on its ability to remove phosphorus.

Removal of nearly 100% of all pollutants in Ashland’s sewage.

Production of highest quality wastewater effluent anywhere in Pacific Northwest.

water prior to filtration, which causes phosphorus to precipitate. The precipitate is then filtered by passing the water through membrane filters. The membranes have a pore size of 0.04 microns, which is smaller than bacteria. As a result, the membranes also provide significant removal of bacteria, parasites, viruses, and other pathogens.

Approximately 100 pounds of phosphorus from human waste enters the treatment plant every day. The plant removes nearly all of that phosphorus and discharges approximately one pound per day. In fact, the completed new treatment plant removes nearly 100% of all pollutants in Ashland’s sewage. The effluent discharged to Ashland Creek meets stringent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus limits.

Effluent from the Ashland WWTP meets stringent requirements for BOD5, TSS, ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus to protect water quality in receiving water systems.


CARMEL AREA WASTEWATER DISTRICT, CALIFORNIASalinity Management Project

Carollo provided preliminary and final design services for the Carmel Area Wastewater District’s Salinity Management Project. This project replaced the existing tertiary treatment facilities at the District’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with new microfiltration/reverse osmosis (MF/RO) facilities for treating recycled water. Additional improvements to the conventional WWTP provide more consistent water quality to the MF/RO process. The recycled water is primarily used to irrigate several golf courses on the Monterey Peninsula, including the world-renowned Pebble Beach Golf Course and exclusive Cypress Point Club Golf Course. The MF/RO process will remove the salts currently present in the recycled water, which are damaging to golf course greens, down to acceptable levels. In particular, RO will be used to control sodium, conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and adjusted SAR.

Predesign services included updating the recommendations of previous feasibility studies, identifying appropriate treatment technologies, and outlining the tasks to be evaluated as part of the preliminary design. Preliminary design services included establishing the design criteria required for the final design.

HIGHLIGHTS

MF was selected followed by RO to improve recycled water quality to irrigate turf grass.

MF enables the WWTP to continue to meet the California Title 22 requirements for unrestricted use of recycled water.

CMAR project.

The final design services included preparing plans and specifications to approximately 60% complete overall, to then be used for construction through a modified construction-management-at-risk approach. During final design, project team members also developed a startup plan for all project components.

The MF system consists of oxidant-resistant (PVDF) hollow fiber submerged membranes and has a capacity of 1.9 mgd of filtrate. To help minimize chemical addition and produce more treated water, only a portion of the MF filtrate flow (approximately 80%) is treated by RO. Treatment of all flow through the MF system allows the treatment facilities to continue to meet the California Title 22 requirements for unrestricted use of recycled water.

The Carmel WWTP tertiary MF/RO system produces water with a strict quality standard for irrigating the world-class Pebble Beach Golf Course.


CITY OF DALY CITY AND SAN FRANSICSO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, CALIFORNIAExpanded Tertiary Recycled Water Facilities - Feasibility Project

The City of Daly City (Daly City) currently produces 2.77 mgd of recycled water. This recycled water is used for irrigation at the San Francisco Golf Club, Olympic Club, Lake Merced Golf Club, Harding Park Golf Club, and several city parks and medians. Daly City and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) are jointly pursuing the Feasibility of Expanded Tertiary Recycled Water Facilities Project, which will provide an additional 3 mgd of recycled water irrigation supply to the cemeteries in the Town of Colma and other parks and schoolyards in the region.

This project includes preliminary design of a new tertiary recycled water treatment system. The treatment process will include tertiary membrane filtration, UV disinfection, and ancillary chemical systems. The project also includes 5 miles of 18-inch distribution system piping, a 3-million gallon storage reservoir, and distribution piping to the cemeteries.

HIGHLIGHTS

Reduces irrigation reliance on the groundwater basin.

Provides a local, sustainable, drought-proof water supply.

Preserves available groundwater supplies for drinking water.

Application of membrane filtration on a difficult to treat high purity oxygen secondary effluent.

New membrane filtration facility integrated into the existing plant.

The goals of the project include:

• Increase recycled water supply: This project would produce an additional +/- 3 million gal-lons per day of recycled water for the region.

• Provide a local, drought-proof, water supply: The new recycled water supply would provide a local, continuous, and sustainable water supply during times of drought. The supply satisfies California Title 22 regulations for tertiary unrestricted wa-ter reuse.

• Reduce reliance on the groundwater basin: The recent prolonged California drought has det-rimentally affected many groundwater basins across the State. This project would provide a re-liable water supply, reduce irrigation reliance on the groundwater basin, and help meet the Cali-fornia Sustainable Groundwater Management Act to enhance local drinking water supply.

The preliminary design is scheduled to be completed by September 2017.

Daly City could double its reuse capacity with a 3-mgd expansion in a 40 ft by 80 ft footprint on its congested WWTP site. A rigorous pilot testing program produced in-line pretreatment and chemical cleaning strategies to improve membrane flux, resulting in compact plant footprint.


SAN DIEGO COUNTY WATER AUTHORITY, CALIFORNIATwin Oaks Valley WTP Improvements

The Twin Oaks Valley WTP (TOVWTP) has been supplying drinking water on behalf of the San Diego County Water Authority since April 2008. The project was delivered as a Design-Build-Operate (DBO) project. The facilities are currently operated by the private operations company, which was awarded the contract.

The TOVWTP capacity is 100 mgd. The plant raw water is a blend of Colorado River water and State Water Project water. Lake Hodges water may also be used as an emergency source. The raw water treatment process includes: automatic strainers, submerged membrane filtration, ozonation with advanced oxidation, biologically activated carbon contactors, and chloramination. All the wastewater streams are equalized, clarified, and returned to the raw water treatment process.

The existing submerged UF system was designed with 14 trains to minimize flow instantaneous variation. However, the facilities do not include a storage tank to supply the backwash water, and flow is controlled upstream of the trains through the 14 inlet flow control valves. As a result, the filtered water flow rate varies more than +/- 5%, preventing SDCWA from getting the full disinfection credit from the ozone contact basins.

Carollo was hired as the Owner’s representative and technical advisor to review the changes proposed by the DBO team to minimize the filtered water flow variation. Carollo’s inside knowledge of the membrane system, combined with its flow control expertise built on past membrane projects was instrumental in the development of a technical solution that was acceptable to the project stakeholders.

• Based on extensive full-scale testing, the con-struction project elements include:

• A new 18,000-gallon concrete tank that can store water for up to six backwash events.

• Feeding the backwash supply tank at constant rate to minimize impact on flow variation.

• Using a plant recovery setpoint instead of a train recovery setpoint to minimize the impact of membrane tank drain and fill sequences.

• Changing the flow control strategy to filtered flow control (by the permeate pumps) from feed flow control (by the train inlet valves).

UF membrane train permeate pumps and flow meters at the Twin Oak WTP.

HIGHLIGHTS

Owner’s representative expertise protected the Owner’s interests.

Owner’s representative expertise facilitated the development of a solution acceptable to the project stakeholders.

Flow control strategy is a key feature of a successful membrane project.


WATER RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI WATER SERVICED DEPARTMENTLarge-Scale Membrane Feasibility Study

Under the Water Research Foundation Tailored Collaboration Program, Carollo investigated the feasibility of a large-scale membrane retrofit of the Kansas City, Missouri, Water Services Department’s (KCMWSD) 240-mgd lime softening and filtration facility. The goal of the study was to use KCMWSD as a case study to document issues associated with retrofitting membrane filtration into granular media filtration facilities greater than 50 mgd.

The retrofit evaluation focused on three specific retrofit strategies that included submerged, proprietary pressure-driven, and custom-designed membrane systems. Carollo tested an inside-to- outside (I/O) pressure-driven membrane system; a custom-designed, outside-to-inside (O/I) pressure-driven membrane; and a vacuum-driven immersed membrane system at the KCMWSD plant. The I/O membrane featured high permeability and a similarity of operating characteristics to other I/O systems, offering the potential for competitive bidding of replacement modules. The custom-designed O/I membrane featured operation simplicity, as well as a high- fiber packing density and active membrane surface area per module, making it amenable to low flux

HIGHLIGHTS

Evaluation of retrofit of KCMWSD 240-mgd lime softening and granular media filtration plant with membrane filtration.

Demonstrated feasibility of membrane filtration at driving heads equal to those used in granular media filtration.

Extremely cost-effective alternative for membrane applications.

applications. The immersed membrane system featured high fiber packing density as well as potential operation within the existing upstream hydraulic grade line.

Following the pilot study, Carollo developed conceptual membrane system layouts to maintain water production and to fit within the limits of the existing filter gallery. Carollo investigated two different retrofit strategies for the pressure-driven membrane systems. These included operating the membrane process within the existing upstream hydraulic grade line (eliminating the need for feed pumps) and a pumped feed water configuration. Both options proved feasible for the custom-designed O/I membrane, while only a higher flux, pumped feed water configuration was viable for the I/O membrane. Lower flux, gravity-driven filtration of the I/O system was not feasible due to site footprint constraints. In parallel, Carollo reviewed the retrofit strategy for the submerged system. To further reduce costs and minimize the system footprint, Carollo evaluated using the high-service pumps currently in used for backwashing the granular media filters as membrane backwash pumps, and utilizing the existing waste washwater handling infrastructure.

Carollo’s custom membrane pilot unit was instrumental in KCMWSD’s large-scale membrane feasibility study. The unit’s design allows it to be equipped with membrane modules from various manufacturers.


WATER RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND MISSOURI RIVER WATER UTILITIESMembrane Technology Research and Demonstration

In collaboration with a consortium of Missouri River water utilities, Carollo evaluated membrane technologies for treatment of Missouri River water.

The project involved pilot testing of UF combined with powdered activated carbon as a filtration process for lime softened water to address pathogen removal, DBP control, and agricultural herbicides, such as atrazine. The team also evaluated nanofiltration (NF) as a final treatment process using various pretreatments including conventional flocculation/sedimentation/granular media filtration and UF.

This study was the first application of membrane technologies in a lime softening process and has provided the participating utilities with new options for meeting future regulations with a cost-competitive alternative to ozone and biological filtration.

A second study evaluated the direct treatment of Missouri River water using an innovative UF/NF combined process, which utilized an immersed UF system with the in-line addition of a coagulant without settling. NF provided a polishing treatment to address hardness, DBP, precursors, and atrazine removal. Process operation was optimized to achieve a frequency of less than one membrane cleaning per month. In all, this study indicated that membrane technologies could be used to treat challenging surface water supplies with limited pretreatment.

HIGHLIGHTS

Pilot testing of membrane systems as an alternative to ozone and biological filtration.

First demonstration for using UF and MF technologies as a polishing treatment in lime softening plants in the U.S.

Instrumental in preparing participating agencies to meet anticipated drinking water regulations.

Carollo worked with a consortium of Missouri River water utilities to demonstrate that membrane technologies could be used to treat challenging surface water supplies.

V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign03-Capabilities.indd Testing & Optimization Capabilities | 30

The Carollo Research Group (CRG), founded in 1997, provides research, process evaluation, and plant optimization services. Membrane engineers associated with the CRG are involved early in the process for projects where low-pressure membrane filtration is being considered. Their involvement ranges from membrane validation and feasibility evaluations to pilot protocol development and pilot testing. It includes development of procurement documents as well. But their involvement doesn’t stop there; it continues through design, construction, startup, and a monitored test period.

Through CRG’s work with associations such as the Water Research Foundation and our clients who operate membrane treatment plants, we have had the opportunity to conduct studies at many full-scale facilities. It has been this experience with testing and research at full-scale facilities that has given Carollo a better understanding of operations, maintenance, and performance issues specific to low-pressure membrane facilities.

Lessons learned from this experience allow Carollo to develop approaches that incorporate the nuances of the many unique proprietary membrane systems available, and to assist our clients in selection and procurement of the best membrane systems for their applications.

MEMBRANE PILOT TESTING IN SUPPORT OF MEMBRANE PROCUREMENTMembrane pilot testing is required in many applica-tions in order to gain regulatory approval and assess performance characteristics. While a wide range of operating conditions are viable, the goal of pilot testing in terms of performance is to select operat-ing conditions that provide a balance between low capital and O&M costs and long-term system per-formance. Among the system characteristics that are included in pilot evaluations are:

• Separation and disinfection capabilities.

• Flux and fouling.

• Membrane integrity and integrity system sensitivity.

• Recovery.

• Cleaning strategies.

• Quantity and quality of chemical residuals.

Carollo applies state-of-the-art risk management to control risks inherent in innovative technologies.

Risk DescriptionPolymer Used in Membrane Pretreatment High Medium Low

Severe XMedium

Mild

Impact

High-Density Polymer Carry-Over could Permanently Foul the Membranes

Chance of Occurrence

Perfect Info

Risk Uncertainty

Total Ignorance

Testing & Optimization Capabilities

31 | Testing & Optimization Capabilities V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign03-Capabilities.indd

CRG’s involvement in pilot tests from municipal clients and research organizations has provided Carollo with intimate knowledge of the many unique and proprietary low-pressure membrane systems available. This experience allows Carollo and our clients to develop selection criteria that meet the particular constraints of any given project. This work also provides Carollo with opportunities to test new and innovative membrane products, assess their capabilities, validate them, and bring innovative solutions to our clients.

MEMBRANE TREATMENT PROCESS DESIGN IN SUPPORT OF PLANT DESIGNCarollo membrane engineers are not only process experts, they are also knowledgeable in detailed design. They can manage the entire design of the plant (e.g., Hemet Water Filtration Plant), design the membrane room (e.g., South Truckee Meadows Water Treatment Facility), assist with the process mechanical design of the membrane system (e.g., Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility), or review thedetailed design (e.g., City of Modesto, Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Project, Phase 2).

The Carollo approach – unique in the industry – takes into account attention to details, which is key for the design of a sound and user friendly low-pressure membrane plant.

MEMBRANE PLANT STARTUP IN SUPPORT OF CONSTRUCTIONCarollo membrane engineers support the project until the operators take ownership of the facilities. By doing so, they enhance their process and design expertise with practical operation experience. Their support includes, but is not limited to, startup coordination, operation plan and O&M manual writeup, approval of the facility by the primary agency, and supervision of the performance test period and the monitored test period. They may be hired as third-party startup coordinator as for the City of Lodi Membrane WTP, CA.

Publications | 32V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign\04-Publications.indd

SELECT LOW-PRESSURE MEMBRANE PUBLICATIONS - PEER REVIEWED

1. Whynman, D., and Hugaboom, D. “Approaches Vary Plant to Plant for Optimum Membrane Cleaning.” In Opflow Journal, Vol 42, No. 11, pp: 24-27, November 2016.

2. Coday, B. D., Hoppe-Jones, C., Wandera, D., Shethji, J., Herron, J., Lampi, K., and Cath, T. Y. “Evaluation of the Transport Parameters and Physiochemical Properties of Forward Osmosis Membranes after Treatment of Produced Water.” Journal of Membrane Science, 499, pp: 491-502, 2016.

3. Coday, B. D., Almaraz, N., and Cath, T. Y. “Forward Osmosis Desalination of Oil and Gas Wastewater: Impacts of Membrane Selection and Operating Conditions on Process Performance.” Journal of Membrane Science, 488, pp: 40-55, 2015.

4. Dow, N., Roehr, J., Murphy, D., Solomon, L., Mieog, J., Blackbeard, J., Gray, S., Milne, N., Zhu, B., Gooding, A., Currie, J., Roeszler, G., Clement, J., and Duke, M. “Fouling Mechanisms and Reduced Chemical Potential of Ceramic Membranes Combined with Ozone.” Water Practice and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp: 1-8, 2015.

5. Coday, B. D., Luxbacher, T., Childress, A. E., Almaraz, N., Xu, P., and Cath, T. Y. “Indirect Determination of Zeta Potential at High Ionic Strength: Specific Application to Semipermeable Polymeric Membranes.” Journal of Membrane Science, 478, 58-64, 2015.

6. Coday, B. D., Yaffe, B. G., Xu, P., and Cath, T. Y. “Rejection of Trace Organic Compounds by Forward Osmosis Membranes: A Literature Review.” Environmental science & technology, 48(7), pp: 3612-3624, 2014.

7. Mancha, E., DeMichele, D., Walker, W. S., Seacord, T., Sutherland, J., and Cano, A. “Part II. Performance Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Computer Models.” Texas Water Development Board Report. January 2014.

8. Mancha, E., Walker, W. S., Sutherland, J., Seacord, T., and Hugaboom, D. “Part I. Alternatives to Pilot Plant Studies for Membrane Technologies.” Texas Water Development Board Report. January 2014.

9. DeMichele, D., Seacord, T., and Sutherland, J. “Manual of Practice for the Use of Computer Models for the Design of Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration Membrane Processes.” Texas Water Development Board Report. January 2014.

10. Coday, B. D., Heil, D. M., Xu, P., and Cath, T. Y. “Effects of Transmembrane Hydraulic Pressure on Performance of Forward Osmosis Membranes.” Environmental science & technology, 47(5), pp: 2386- 2393, 2013.

11. Reddy, S., Clunie, W., Dhananjay, M., Gross, M., and Hugaboom, D. “Committee Report: Update on Residuals Management for Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration.” Journal of the American Water Works Association 104(12), 2012.

Publications

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12. Roquebert, V.J. “Membrane System Design Concept.” Chapter 8 in AWWA Manual of Practices M53 – Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes for Drinking Water, 2012.

13. Frenkel, V.S., Reardon, R.D., Gharagozian, A., Schlater, N.J., and Kondo, A. “MBR Facility Design.” Chap. 5 in Membrane Bioreactors Manual of Practice. Water Environment Federation, Alexandria: McGraw-Hill. 2011.

14. He, C. “Taming Osmosis - New Membranes Work with Nature to Solve Water and Energy Challenges.” Water and Wastes Digest. August 2011.

15. Sutherland, J., Juby, G., Seacord, T., Bryant, D., Morrison, K. “Effects of Pretreatment on RO Membranes during a Brackish Groundwater Desalination Pilot Study.” Ultrapure Water Journal. July 2011.

16. Steinle-Darling, E., Litwiller, E., and Reinhard, M. “Effects of Sorption on the Rejection of Trace Organic Contaminants During Nanofiltration.” Environmental Science and Technology 44(7): 2592- 2598, 2010.

17. Steinle-Darling E., and Reinhard, M. “The Implications of Sorption on the Rejection of Pharmaceutical Products by Nanofiltration.” Ultrapure Water 27(2): 20-25, 2010.

18. Juby, G.J.G., Wiesner, A., Zacheis, G.A., Morquecho, R., and Mulvihill, T. “Reversible RO Operation Demonstrates Reduced Membrane Fouling.” IDA Journal, Fourth Quarter 2010, Vol 2, No. 4, pp 34- 43, 2010.

19. Paranjape, S., Reardon, R., and Cheatham, J. “Energy Efficient MBRs – A well thought-out design can Minimize a Membrane Bioreactor’s Energy Demand.” Water Environment and Technology 22(W5). Water Environment Federation. 2010.

20. Park, C., Park, P.K., Mane, P., Hyung, H., Gandhi, V., Kim, S.H., and. Kim, J.H. “Stochastic Cost Estimation Approach for Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants.” Journal of Membrane Science 364(1): 52–64, 2010.

21. Reardon, R.D. “Wastewater.” Chap. 2 in The Guidebook to Membrane Technology for Wastewater Reclamation. Hopkinton, MA: Balaban Desalination Publications. 2010.

22. Sethi, S., MacNevin, D., Munce, L., Akpoji, A., Elsner, M., and An, J. “Managing Brackish RO Concentrates Case Study: Precipitative Softening Pilot Study in South Florida.” AMTA Solutions. American Membrane Technology Association. 2010.

23. Roquebert, V.J., Hugaboom, D., Avera, R., and Dotinga, J. “Maximizing Site Production at the Hemet Membrane Filtration Plant in California.” WaterWorld Magazine – Membrane Supplement, April 2009.

24. Sethi, S., Xu, P. and Drewes, J.E. “When Less is More: Emerging Approaches for Minimizing Concentrate Generation and Increasing Recovery Rates During Desalination of Brackish Water.” ASCE Civil Engineering, Volume 77, Number 9, September 2007.

25. Mi, B., Mariñas, B.J., Curl, J., Sethi, S., Crozes, G., and Hugaboom, D. “Microbial Passage in Low Pressure Membrane Elements with Compromised Integrity,” Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 39, No. 11. June 2005.

26. Sethi, S., Crozes, G.F., Hugaboom, D.A., Mi, B., Curl, J., and Marinas, B. “Assessment and Development of Low-Pressure Membrane Integrity Monitoring Tools,” American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Report Number 91032, Denver, CO. 2004

27. Malmrose, P., Lozier, J., Marie, J., Mickley, M., Reiss, R., Russell, J.S., Schaefer, J., Sethi, S., and Worley, J.L. “Joint Committee Report – Residuals Management for Low Pressure Membranes,” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Volume 95, No. 6. June 2003.


28. Crozes, G.F., Espenan, J.M., Hugaboom, D.A., Seacord, T.F., and Roquebert, V.J. “New Options for Achieving Regulatory Compliance with Low-Pressure Membranes,” Journal of Desalination. 2002.

29. Sethi, S., and Juby, G.J.G. “Microfiltration of Primary Effluent for Clarification and Microbial Removal,” Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, Volume 19, No. 6. 2002.

30. Seacord, T.F., Crozes, G.F., Frank, K.F., and Hill, G. “Membrane Replacement: Realizing the Benefit of Low Pressure RO in Existing Infrastructure.” In AWWA Trends in Water Series – Membrane Practices in Water Treatment. Edited by J. Duranceau. 2001.

31. Sethi, S., and Wiesner M. “Cost Model for Low-Pressure Membrane Processes.” In AWWA Trends in Water Series – Membrane Practices for Water Treatment. Edited by S. Duranceau. 2001.

32. Sethi, S., Wiesner, M.R., and Dennis, J.E. “Optimization of Hollow-Fiber Design and Low-Pressure Membrane System Operation,” Journal of Environmental Engineering. Volume 172. June 2001.

SELECT LOW-PRESSURE MEMBRANE PUBLICATIONS/PRESENTATIONS - OTHER

1. Whynman, D., Bundy, M., Hugaboom, D., and Mayer, N. “Responding to Unexpected Issues at the Startup of Baker WTP.” Proceedings of the 2018 American Membrane Technology Association/American Water Works Association Conference, West Palm Beach, FL, March 12-16, 2018.

2. Hugaboom, D. “MF/UF Design and Operations.” Paper presented at the AMTA Technology Transfer Workshop – Membranes Solving Real-World Water Quality Problems, Bloomington, MN, October 2017.

3. Hugaboom, D. “How Do I Select the Right Polymeric MF/UF for Your Application?” Paper presented at the AMTA Technology Transfer Workshop – Fire, Ice & Difficult Water, Bozeman, MT, July 2017.

4. Mayer, N., Hugaboom, D., and Ottoboni, K. “Comparing Polymeric and Ceramic Membranes in a Challenging Secondary Effluent Application.” Paper presented at the American Water Works Association Pacific Northwest Section Conference, Tacoma, WA, June 23-25, 2017.

5. Mayer, N. and Hugaboom, D. “Evaluating Membrane Filtration Performance Guarantees.” Paper presented at the American Water Works Association Pacific Northwest Section Conference, Kennewick, WA, May 2-5, 2017.

6. Mayer, N. “Three Modules, One Backwash Pump, & One Blower: Testing UF Module Interchangeability,” Poster presented at the American Membrane Technology Association/American Water Works Association 2017 Joint Conference and Exposition, Long Beach, CA, February 13-17, 2017.

7. Whynman, D., Hugaboom, D, Cadera, J., Cote, P. “A Cost Estimating Tool to Compare Submerged and Pressurized Low Pressure Membrane Filtration to Granular Media Filtration.” Proceedings of the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, February 1st-5th, 2016.

8. Roquebert, V. “Cost Effective Operations: The Tale of the City of Lodi Sur-face Water Treatment Plant.” Paper presented at the American Membrane Technical Association/American Water Works Association Conference, March 2-5, 2015.

9. Whynman, D. and Hugaboom, D. “Considerations for the Design of Membrane Filtration Chemical Cleaning Systems.” Proceedings of the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, Orlando, FL, March 2nd -5h, 2015.

10. Roquebert, V. “How to Make MF/UF More Cost Effective.” Paper presented at the Southwest Membrane Operators Association, April 20 -22, 2014.


11. Hugaboom, D, and Whynnman, D. “Chemical Treatment of MF/UF Residuals to Achieve Near Zero Liquid Discharge.” Proceedings of the AMTA/AWWA 2014 Joint Conference and Exposition, Las Vegas, March 10-13, 2014.

12. Hugaboom, D, and Whynnman, D. “Low Chemical Use in Membrane Operations.” Poster presented at the AMTA/AWWA 2014 Joint Conference and Exposition, Las Vegas, March 10-13, 2014.

13. Hugaboom, D, and Akesson, K. “The Oden Water Association Moves Towards UF Membrane Module.” Proceedings of the AMTA/AWWA 2013 Joint Conference and Exposition, San Antonio, Texas, February 18-25, 2013.

14. Hugaboom, D. “MBR/MF/UF Membrane Basics & Terminology.” Workshop at the 2012 Annual Conference & Exposition of the American Membrane Technology Association and Water Environment Foundation, Seattle, WA, May 21-23, 2012.

15. Joshi, R., Mori, R., Roquebert, V., Hugaboom, D., and Hess, C. “Design Considerations for a New Surface Water Treatment Plant with Multiple Raw Water Supply Sources.” Paper presented at the 2011 Membrane Technology Conference & Exposition of the American Membrane Technology Association and American Water Works Association, Long Beach, CA, March 28-31, 2011.

16. Hugaboom, D. “MF/UF Integrity Testing.” Workshop at the 2010 Annual Conference & Exposition of the American Membrane Technology Association, Portland, OR, November 9-11, 2010.

17. Roquebert, V.J., Hugaboom, D., Carlson, P., Ghaderi, K., Dotinga, J. “Three Years of Operation at the Hemet Membrane Filtration Plant.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association Annual Conference and Exposition, San Diego, CA, July 12-15, 2010.

18. Sethi, S., Brown, J., Hugaboom, D., and Crozes, G. “Membrane Retrofit in Existing Basins.” Presented at the SEDA Spring Symposium, Clearwater, FL, July 7-10, 2009.

19. Sethi, S., Cushing, B., Walker, S., Paranjape, S., Richter G., Hall, V., Conley, J., and Allen, G. “Comparison of RO Retrofit with Upgrade of an Existing EDR Facility.” Proceedings of the Florida Water Resources Conference, Palm Beach County, FL, April 5-7, 2009.

20. Sethi, S. “RO Concentrate Minimization.” Proceedings of the Florida Water Resources Conference, Palm Beach County, FL, April 5-7, 2009.

21. Sethi, S. “Concentrate Handling; Back to Basics RO/NF Workshop.” Proceedings of the 2009 American Water Works Association Membrane Technology Conference, Memphis, Tennessee, March 15-18, 2009.

22. Sethi, S., Xu, P. and Drewes, J.E. “Concentrate Volume Minimization for Impaired Water Treatment with Reverse Osmosis.” Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, October 10-14, 2009.

23. Roquebert, V.J., Hugaboom, D. “Procurement of Membrane Equipment: Proprietary should not mean Uniformity.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Membrane Technology Conference and Exposition, Memphis, TN, March 15-18, 2009.

24. Briggs, A., Britten, M., Pratt, J., Wing, D., “Oxidation Ditch-Membrane Bio Reactor Combination Saves Time and Money for the City of Modesto”. Presentation at the California Water Environment Association Annual Conference, Sacramento, CA, April 13-16, 2008.

25. Sethi, S. “Overview of Concentrate Management Technologies.” Paper presented at the 2008 Salinity Summit of the Multi-State Salinity Coalition, Las Vegas, NV, January 17-18, 2008.

26. Hugaboom, D. “Evaluation of MF/UF Technology on the Nooksack River for Drinking Water Production.” Paper presented at the Pacific Northwest Section of the American Water Works Association 2008 Annual Conference, Vancouver, WA, January 15-17, 2008.


27. Sethi, S. “Concentrate Minimization and Zero Liquid Discharge.” Paper presented at the Water Desalination and Waste Minimization Seminar conducted and sponsored by the South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, July 12, 2007.

28. Sethi, S., Xu, P. and Drewes, J.E. “New Desalination Configurations and Technologies for Recovery Increase and Concentrate Minimization.” Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007 (ASCE) and Environment and Water Resources Institute), Tampa, FL, May 15-19 2007.

29. Sethi, S., Juby, G., Li, S., Zacheis, A., Mulvihill, T., Standard, B., Morquecho, R., Krieger, C., and Scriven, D. 2007. “Inland Brackish Water Desalination: Feasibility Study Evaluates Alternatives and Develops a Zero-Liquid-Discharge Solution.” Proceedings of the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 2007

30. Yallaly, B.C., Seacord, T., Kalkman, T. “Meeting Criteria for Water and Wastewater Systems Simultaneously Using Reverse Osmosis and Zero Liquid Discharge Technology.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2007 Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, 2007.

31. Yallaly, B.C., Seacord, Tom, Messner, Steve. “Demineralization of High Salinity Brackish Groundwater using Seawater Technology.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2007 Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, 2007.

32. Carlson, P., Roquebert, V., Hugaboom, D., Arndt, T., and Dotinga, J. “Obtaining Regulatory Approval for High Recovery Design and Operation of a 10 mgd Ultrafiltration Membrane Plant.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2007 Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, 2007.

33. Yallaly, B.C. “Abilene Pilot Study.” Paper presented at the South Central Membrane Association Technology Transfer Workshop: Piloting Membrane Facilities with Hands-On Training in Membrane Operations, February 22, 2007.

34. Yallaly, B.C. “Budgeting Pilot Plant Studies.” Paper presented at the South Central Membrane Association Technology Transfer Workshop: Piloting Membrane Facilities with Hands-On Training in Membrane Operations, February 21, 2007.

35. Sethi, S., Cushing, R.S., and Brown, J. “Visioning the Future of Desalination.” Paper presented at the of the Florida Section American Water Works Association 2006 Conference, Orlando, FL, November 26-30, 2006.

36. Zacheis, G.A., Sethi, S., Juby, G., Tasser, C., and Mortazavi, B. “Approaches to Brine minimization and Piloting for Inland Desalination Plants.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2006 Biennial Conference and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, July 30, 2006.

37. Carlson, P. “Bromide Removal Using MIEX and Ceramic Membranes.” Paper presented at the American Water Works Association Annual Conference and Exposition, San Antonio, TX, June 11- 15, 2006.

38. Hugaboom, D.A., Sethi, S., and Carlson. P. “Strategies for Indirect Low Pressure Membrane Integrity Monitoring.” Poster presentation at the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16. 2005.

39. Hugaboom, D.A., Brown, J.C., and Crozes, G.F. “Retrofitting Granular Media Filter Infrastructure with Low-Pressure Membranes: Costs, Layouts & Design Considerations.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16. 2005.


40. Hugaboom, D.A. “Integrating Membrane Treatment in Large Water Utilities: Investigating Treatment, Construction, and Cost.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16. 2005.

41. Hugaboom, D.A., Straub, A., and Blattman, J. “Membrane Separation of Ion Exchange Resin: A Novel Approach to NOM Removal.” Poster presented at the American Water Works Association 2005 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, March 6-9, 2005.

42. Hugaboom, D.A., Meyerhofer, J.A. Roquebert, V.J., Best, G., Arndt, T., and Ghaderi, K. “Design of a High Recovery, LT2 Compliant, Low Pressure Membrane Filtration System for the Eastern Municipal Water.” Poster presented at the American Water Works Association 2005 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, March 6-9, 2005.

43. Hugaboom, D.A., Brown, J.C., and Reddy, J. “Alternatives for Retrofitting Granular Media Filter Infrastructure for Low-Pressure Membrane: Costs, Layouts, and Design Considerations.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2005 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, March 6-9, 2005.

44. Hugaboom, D.A. “Fundamentals of Low-Pressure (MF/UF) Membrane Filtration.” Paper presented at the South Carolina Section of the American Water Works Association 11th Annual Southeastern Regional Technology Transfer Conference, Greenville, SC, January 25-27, 2005.

45. Sethi, S. “Membrane Integrity Monitoring of MF/UF Processes with Focus on Real Dilution Effects.” Paper presented at the Membrane Filtration Congress of the Aquatech 2004 Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29 - October 1, 2004.

46. Brown, J.C., Hugaboom, D.A., Crozes, G.F., and Alibert, B. “Retrofitting Large Water Utilities with Low-Pressure Membranes: Investigating Treatment, Construction, and Cost.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2003 Water Quality Technology Conference, Philadelphia, PA, November 2-5, 2003.

47. Sethi, S., Crozes, G.F., Hugaboom, D.A., Mi, B., Curl, J., and Marinas, B. “Evaluation of Integrity Monitoring Methods from Full-Scale and Microbial Challenge Testing for Low-Pressure Membrane Systems.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2003 Water Quality Technology Conference, Philadelphia, PA, November 2-5, 2003.

48. Juby, G.J.G., Sethi, S., Brown, J.P., and Torres, E.M. “Demonstration Testing of Microfiltration for Microbial Reduction for Ocean Discharge.” Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 76th Annual Technical Conference & Exposition, Los Angeles, CA, October 11-15, 2003.

49. Crozes, G.F. “Moving Towards Standardization of Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration: Will it Change the Way We Procure?” Paper presented at the Intermountain Section of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference, Jackson Hole, WY, September 15-17, 2003.

50. Roquebert, V.J., Marshall, M.R., and Thomas, M. “Installation of Low-Pressure Membranes into an Existing Water Treatment Facility.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, June 15-19, 2003.

51. Hugaboom, D.A., Cleveland, C.T., Raczko, B., and Moughamian, M. “DAF Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration: Cost and Water Quality Implications.” Paper presented at the Pacific Northwest Section of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference, Boise, ID, May 13-15, 2003.

52. Zacheis, G.A., and Juby, G.J.G. “Non-Biological Microfiltration of Primary Effluent.” Paper presented at the Nevada Water Environment Association Membranes in Wastewater Treatment Conference, Crystal Bay, NV, May 2, 2003.


53. Roquebert, V.J., Marshall, M.R., Hugaboom, D.A., and Thomas, M. “Retrofit of Existing Conventional Treatment Process with Membrane Ultrafiltration Process.” Proceedings of the American Water Works 2003 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Atlanta, GA, March 2-5, 2003.

54. Hugaboom, D.A., Rosenbeck, G., and Pappathopoulos, W. “Leveraging Supplier Experience for Low-Pressure Membrane Procurement: The Two Rivers (WI) Experience.” Poster presentation at the American Water Works Association 2003 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Atlanta, GA, March 2-5, 2003.

55. Roquebert, V.J., and Crozes, G.F. “Identifying and Resolving Key Design Considerations for Integration of Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration and Lime Softening.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2002 Biennial Conference, Tampa, FL, August 6-9, 2002, and the International Water Association 2002 Annual Conference, Mulheim/Ruhr, Germany, September 22- 26, 2002.

56. Sethi, S., Crozes, G.F., Hugaboom, D.A., Mi, B., Curl, J., and Marinas, B. “MF/UF Membrane integrity Monitoring Methods.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2002 Biennial Conference, Tampa, FL, August 6-9, 2002.

57. Cleveland, C.T., Hugaboom, D.A., Raczko, B., and Moughamian, M. “DAF Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration: Cost and Water Quality Implications.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2002 Biennial Conference, Tampa, FL, August 6-9, 2002.

58. Crozes, G.F., Espenan, J.M., Hugaboom, D.A., Seacord, T.F., and Roquebert, V.J. “New Options for Achieving Regulatory Compliance with Low-Pressure Membranes.” Poster presented at the International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Process 2002 Annual Conference, Toulouse, France, July 7-12, 2002.

59. Sethi, S., Juby, G.J.G., Schuler, P.J., and Holmes, L. “Microbial Removal Using Microfiltation for Direct Discharge and Reuse Applications. Paper presented at the California Water Environment Association 2002 Annual Conference, Sacramento, CA, April 2-5, 2002.

60. Hugaboom, D.A., Roquebert, V., Crozes, G., Seacord, T., and Mahady, J. “Retrofit of Existing Granular Media Filters with Ultrafiltration Membrane.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Water Quality Technology Conference, Nashville, TN, November 11-15, 2001.

61. Roquebert, V., Crozes, G.F., Seacord, T.F., and Mahady, J. “Retrofit of Existing Granular Media Filters with Ultrafiltration Membrane.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 4-7, 2001.

62. Roquebert, V., Crozes, G.F., Farver, B.T., and S. Luzie. “Alternative MF/UF Membranes with Chemical Aid for TOC Removal.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 4-7, 2001.

63. Seacord, T.F., Crozes, G.F., Frank, K.F., and Hill, G. “Membrane Replacement: Realizing the Benefit of Low Pressure RO in Existing Infrastructure.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 4-7, 2001.

Company Profile | 39V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign\05-CompanyProfile.indd

With our focus on water and wastewater, we recruit nationwide and hire technical staff who have the extensive background and training specific to this field. For that reason, the quality and professional standing of our core group of water and wastewater professionals equals or exceeds that provided by some of the largest engineering firms in the U.S.

WATER AND WASTEWATER EXPERTSCarollo is an environmental engineering firm specializing in the planning, design, and construction of water and wastewater facilities and infrastructure. Carollo’s reputation is based upon client service, a continual commitment to quality, and technical leadership.

During our 86-year history, Carollo has successfully completed more than 25,000 projects for public sector clients. Carollo is currently ranked within Engineering News Record’s top 500 design firms. More importantly, ENR’s annual Source Book ranks Carollo among the top 10 firms for water and wastewater treatment plant design. Unlike many of our competitors, Carollo provides only water and wastewater engineering services.

Carollo is currently ranked within Engineering News Record’s top 500 design firms...ENR’s annual Source Book ranks Carollo among the top 10 firms for water and wastewater treatment plant design.

Company Profile

Dallas

Oklahoma City

Fort Worth

AustinSouth Austin Houston

McAllen

Phoenix

Tucson

Honolulu

El Paso

Albuquerque

Yuma

SarasotaTampa

Broward CountyPalm Beach

Orlando

Miami-Dade

Broomfield

Fort Collins

Littleton

Salt Lake City

Las Vegas

Reno

Boise

Seattle

Portland

Carollo Office Locations

San FranciscoSacramento

Fresno

Roseville

Inland Empire

Kansas City

OmahaChicago

Boston

Washington, D.C.Walnut Creek

San Diego

Los AngelesOrange County

OceansideCarlsbad

V:\Graphics\Maps\CarolloOffices\USCarolloOffices.ai Rev. 01-11-19

44 offices in 18 statesCarollo has engineered water and wastewater projects across the country.

40 | Company Profile V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign\05-CompanyProfile.indd

ResourcesCarollo’s staff numbers more than 1,050 employees, including more than 500 registered engineers. We are a full-service water and wastewater engineering company with the experience and qualified professionals to successfully manage projects of any size. Our staff includes civil, sanitary, electrical, environmental, mechanical, chemical, structural, instrumentation, and corrosion control engineers, as well as architects, planners, and specialists in other areas.

MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHYCarollo’s management philosophy and the success of our company are founded on simple precepts:

• Seek out, hire, and hold onto the best people in the business. Carollo aggressively recruits the top candidates from the leading engineering schools across the country. We train and mentor these engineers to become the next generation of leaders for Carollo and the industry. This long-term commitment to developing excellent engineers has resulted in a depth of talent un-matched by other consulting firms.

• Specialize in the planning, design, and con-struction management of water and wastewa-ter projects. This is our business. Our success hinges solely upon our ability to provide respon-sive service to our municipal clients.

• Commit our principals to an active role in every project. This provides our clients with top management interest, clear ac-countability, responsiveness, and talent—and helps to ensure that the necessary staff and resources are committed to each assignment.

• Focus on client service. Carollo knows the value of listening to our clients and recognizes that successful projects result from the combined expertise of our staff and the client’s staff. This commitment to understanding client needs and valuing their input is one of the cornerstones of Carollo’s success.

In addition, Carollo’s Research Group, a dedicated team of scientists and engineers from across the country, has been responsible for discovering new treatment technologies, improving operations practices, and expanding the science of water use and reuse. Because of this, clients across the United States repeatedly look to Carollo to help them find the best solutions to their most complex challenges.

Our Services Carollo provides a full range of planning, design and construction management services to meet the water and wastewater needs of municipalities, public agencies, private developers, and industrial firms. Our areas of expertise include the following:

• Alternative Project Delivery

• Business Solutions

• Construction Management

• Energy Technologies

• Infrastructure

• Integrated Planning

• Program Management

• Research and Development

• Sustainable Solutions

• Wastewater Treatment

• Water Reuse/Resources

• Water Treatment

Water-related engineering is all we do, resulting in a level of understanding of key project issues that few can match.

Company Profile | 41V:\Company SOQs\Low-Pressure Memb SOQ\Indesign\05-CompanyProfile.indd

FORMULA FOR SUCCESSMuch of our success as an industry leader is based on our ability to offer advanced solutions that are practical, affordable, and reliable. We strive to maximize the use of existing infrastructure whenever possible, promote environmental conservation, and make the best technologies available at a competitive cost.

Our client list includes the following:

• City of Phoenix, AZ

• East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, CA

• City of Los Angeles, CA

• Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

• Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, CA

• City of San Diego, CA

• City and County of San Francisco, CA

• City of San José, CA

• City of Sacramento, CA

• Miami-Dade County, FL

• Palm Beach County, FL

• South Florida Water Management District, FL

• Colorado Springs Utilities, CO

• Denver Water, CO

• Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, CO

• Kansas City, MO

• City of Omaha, NE

• Clark County Water Reclamation District, NV

• City of Las Vegas, NV

• Southern Nevada Water Authority, NV

• Clean Water Services, OR

• City of Portland, OR

• Oklahoma City, OK

• City of Austin, TX

• Dallas Water Utilities, TX

• North Texas Municipal Water District, TX

• Trinity River Authority, TX

• King County, WA

• Seattle Public Utilities, WA

Our firm takes pride in the large number of clients with whom we have maintained continuing working relationships. We have worked with some clients for more than 80 years—a clear indication of the quality of our work, our control of costs, and our ability to meet schedules. This dedication to quality has resulted in a long list of successful projects and satisfied clients.

low-pressure membranes - carollo engineerstechnologies for more than 30 water supplies and designed...

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