qualificationsQ U A L IF IC A T IO N S

Low-PressureMembranes

Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Carollo Engineers is an environmental consult-ing firm with more than 700 employees in 38 offices throughout the United States. All of our work is performed in the areas of water and wastewater, resulting in a level of understanding of key project issues that few can match. Carollo strives to maintain the tradition of using sound and proven engineering principles while moving progressively forward to keep abreast of changing times and new technologies.

This is a specialty Statement of Qualifications (SOQ) for Carollo Engineers detailing some of our experience and expertise in the field of water and wastewater treatment specific to this topic.

CONTENTS

Issues and Differentiators

Key Achievements

Testing and Optimization Capabilities

Publications

Company Profile

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Why Use A LoW-PressUre MeMbrAne for DrInKIng WAter APPLIcAtIons?Addressing chlorine-resistant pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, while controlling disinfection by-product (DBP) formation is a challenge faced by the water industry. A main goal of the regulations is to balance the microbial risk associated with waterborne pathogens with the carcinogenic risk associated with DBPs.

Membrane technologies such as ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) present an attractive process alternative, since:

! Disinfection is provided by physical removal of the pathogens, without the use of preoxidants that produce DBPs.

! Clarification is achieved with shorter water residence times than for conventional treatment, minimizing DBP formation.

! Filtration is achieved without requiring amine-based polymers that promote N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation.

As their costs decrease and their manufacturing quality control procedures are tightened, low-pressure membrane technologies compare favorably to other technologies.

Low-pressure membrane technologies offer substantial benefits when:

! Consistent high-quality filtered water must be produced despite rapidly changing raw water quality.

! Facility footprint and visual impact must be minimized.

! Rehabilitation and capacity increase of an existing conventional treatment plant must be implemented simultaneously.

! The modular nature of the membrane system allows for a more efficient phasing of facilities.

! Remote operation is a must.

Furthermore, a high-recovery system that can achieve 98-percent recovery and demonstrate 4-log pathogen removal may be the physical treatment of choice in areas where water conservation offers potential as part of a sustainable design.

Low-pressure membrane

technologies provide the

flexibility for future water

uses as well as minimal use of

available land.

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Why choose A LoW-PressUre MeMbrAne for reUse AnD WAsteWAter APPLIcAtIons?In areas where fresh water resources have been utilized to their full capacity, water reclamation offers the opportunity to sustain growth and comfort without wasting fresh water resources. For these applications, low-pressure membrane technologies are the process of choice. They provide better quality water than tertiary filters. They also constitute the first step toward reverse osmosis treatment, which is required when groundwater replenishment is practiced.

As our society’s ongoing commitment to protecting natural resources has increased, wastewater treatment plants have faced increasingly stringent discharge standards. Phosphorus limits are an example of effluent standards that cannot be met with conventional technologies. To meet these limits, low-pressure membrane technologies are once again the process of choice. Used in conjunction with chemical precipitation, low-pressure membrane technologies can reduce phosphorus levels to concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/L.

Fifty-five percent of the U.S. population lives within 50 miles of the coast1. The resultant overcrowding and need to make the best use of available land can be an important driver in selecting wastewater treatment technology in coastal regions. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have a smaller footprint than conventional treatment with biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems. MBRs are also easier to operate. Further, low-pressure membranes provide physical disinfection and solids removal that contribute to achieve wastewater effluent quality that is highly consistent and suitable for direct and indirect potable reuse.

Why seLect cAroLLo?Carollo Engineers is the largest firm in the U.S. specializing solely in water and wastewater engineering. This focus has empowered our treatment experts with a thorough understanding of issues and challenges facing plant owners and operators today, and has resulted in a long list of satisfied clients. We have worked with some clients for more than 70 years—a clear indication of our ability to offer innovative solutions and our dedication to client service.

Carollo is an industry leader in the implementation of low-pressure membrane technologies for a wide variety of water and wastewater applications. Members of our staff were involved in the design and start-up of large-scale membrane applications as early as 1996. As illustrated in the table on the following page, members of our staff have also evaluated UF and MF technologies for more than 30 water supplies and designed low-pressure membrane facilities totaling over 300 mgd in capacity.

Low-pressure membrane

technologies can offer water

quality benefits without

compromising other species

and future generations.

Carollo offers our clients an

understanding of key

low-pressure membrane

issues and technologies that

few can match.

1 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010.

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client/Water supply Manufacturer(s)Plant capacity

(mgd)

san Diego county Water Authority, twin oaks Valley WtP Improvements, cA Zenon (ZW1000) 100

Minneapolis columbia heights, Mn X-flow 70

city of Kamloops, river street Water treatment Plant, bc, canada Zenon (ZW500) 52

Irvine ranch Water District, baker Water treatment Plant, cA Pall 28

city of yuma, Aqua Viva Water treatment facility, AZ Zenon (ZW500) 24

Upper trinity regional Water District, tom harpool Water treatment Plant, tX Zenon (ZW500) 20

city of Modesto, tertiary Wastewater treatment, cA Zenon (ZW500); siemens 14.9

city of Lake forest, Water treatment Plant, IL Aquasource 14

city of olathe, Water treatment Plant no. 2, Ks Pall 13

city of temple, Membrane Water treatment Plant, tX Pall 12

eastern Municipal Water District, hemet Water treatment Plant, cA Zenon (ZW500) 10

city of Lodi, surface Water treatment facility start-up and operations Assistance, cA

Pall 10

eastern Municipal Water District, Perris Water treatment Plant, cA Zenon (ZW500) 10

city of redlands, recycled Water treatment facility, cA Zenon (ZW500) 9.5

city of Abilene, Water Utilities, tX Pall 8

Washoe county, nV Pall 6

south truckee Meadows, Water treatment facility, nV Pall 6

fountain hills sanitary District, Advanced Water treatment facility Membrane system replacement Project, AZ

Dow 3.3

city of two rivers, Water treatment Plant Performance evaluation, WI hydranautics 3

city of Ashland, Wastewater treatment Plant, or Zenon (ZW500) 2.3

city of surprise, Membrane Water reclamation facility, cA Zenon (ZW500) 2

carmel Area Wastewater District, salinity Management Project, cA siemens (cMf-s) 1.5

King county, sammamish Valley reclaimed Water Production facility, WA Zenon (ZW500) 1.5

Pascua yaqui tribe Water reclamation facility, AZ Zenon (ZW500) 1.3

city of corona, Wastewater treatment Plant, cA Zenon 1

Martin creek, south bend Water treatment facility, WA Memcor 1

Victor Valley Wastewater reclamation Authority, cA Anaergia 1

oden Water Association Membrane filtration Plant, ID X-flow 0.9

california Department of corrections and rehabilitation Deuel Vocational Institution Wastewater treatment Plant, cA

Zenon (ZW500) 0.7

Ak-chin Indian community, Water and Wastewater capital Improvement Project, AZ

Zenon (ZW500) 0.6

east bay Municipal Utility District, Pardee reservoir, cA Aquasource 0.1

Metropolitan Water District of salt Lake and sandy, Point of the Mountain Pilot study, Ut

Memcor, Pall, Zenon Pilot study

city of Lynden, Water system Plan Update, WA Memcor, Pall, Zenon Pilot study

boise river, boise, IDhydranautics, Koch, Pall,

WestechPilot study

Missouri river, Kansas city, Mo Zenon, Membralox, Westech Pilot study

cAroLLo eXPerIence LoW-PressUre MeMbrAnes

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client/Water supply Manufacturer(s)Plant capacity

(mgd)

Water research foundation and Kansas city, Water services Department, Large-scale Membrane feasibility study, Mo

hydranaulic, Polymem, Zenon feasibility study

Water research foundation and Missouri river Water Utilities, Membrane technology research and Demonstration

Zenon, Aquasource, Koch, Polymem

Demonstration

orange county sanitation District, IMAns® Pilot Plant and Microfiltration Demonstration Projects, cA

Memcor (cMf-s) Pilot study

city of redlands, recycled Water treatment facility, cA Inge Validation study

total: 458.8 mgd

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Carollo’s significant achievements in low-pressure membrane applied research and design include:

! Innovative work in the area of membrane integrity for the protection of public health.

! Design of the first UF plant west of the Mississippi River for the East Bay Municipal Utility District in Pardee, California.

! Design of the first 98-percent recovery, low-pressure water treatment with periodic solids drain in California.

! Integration of low-pressure membrane filtration in lime softening plants on the Missouri River.

! Development of a novel two-step membrane process integrated with high-rate anaerobic digestion to produce high-quality effluent from primary treated wastewater for reuse or groundwater replenishment.

oUr technIcAL eXPertIse resULts In tAngIbLe cLIent benefItsCarollo’s expertise in low-pressure membrane technology has direct benefits for our clients, frequently translating into system designs that result in increased operational efficiency and reliability and offer significant capital and operational cost savings. Some examples are provided below.

An operational Philosophy that Minimizes Power consumption

Pressure-driven UF or MF systems can filter water in cross-flow mode and/or in dead-end mode. Operation in cross-flow mode recirculates the raw water on the concentrate (unfiltered) side of the membrane. Operation in dead-end mode does not recirculate the raw water. Cross-flow mode uses pumps to recirculate the raw water, resulting in more power consumption than dead-end mode operation. Adopting the optimal operational philosophy for a given system can minimize power consumption and result in significant cost savings.

Lake Forest, Illinois. The City of Lake Forest water treatment plant has a design capacity of 14 mgd at 20°C. The temperature of the raw water varies from 0.1°C to 26°C. The average daily water demand is around 4 mgd. The plant’s design features seven Aquasource membrane units. Two operation philosophies were possible: 1) Operating the minimum number of units in cross-flow mode, and 2) Operating all seven units in dead-end mode. Carollo selected the second alternative. The savings associated with this operation philosophy are 350 kWh/mg. At $0.10/kWh, this saves $35 per million gallons during the lifetime of the facility.

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A custom Approach that efficiently Integrates conventional and Membrane treatment Processes

Few MF or UF membrane plants are now designed without some kind of conventional pre-treatment. Therefore, the design engineer must combine both membrane expertise and conventional expertise to properly integrate the membrane process into the plant process.

Kamloops, British Columbia. The City of Kamloops Water Treatment Plant is an in-line filtration plant with coagulation (flash-mix) upstream of a Zenon submerged UF system. The preliminary design included an in-line mechanical flash-mixing system with two 38-cubic-meter (10,000-gallon) tanks. Each tank was 3 meters x 3 meters x 4.5 meters deep (118 inches x 118 inches x 177 inches). Each tank was equipped with one 44.8 kW (60 hp) vertical mixer to provide a G-value of up to 1,000 s-1.

As part of the design team, Carollo designed the flash-mix system. Carollo selected a pump diffusion flash-mixing system with pressure water jets, therefore avoiding the construction of the two tanks. We also replaced the two mixers with two 5-hp pumps (1 operational, 1 standby). The estimated capital cost savings associated with this design is more than $150,000. Furthermore, our previous designs have demonstrated that coagulant consumption is decreased by at least 25 percent with the diffusion flash-mixing system. Therefore, with an average plant capacity of 80 mL/d (21 mgd) dosing 15 mg/L of alum, the utility will be saving $30,000 per year.

A Design that saves Water

Hemet, California. The water treatment plant includes the first 2-zone 98-percent recovery membrane system approved in the State of California. For the initial plant capacity of 10 mgd, the system's additional recovery prevents pumping and/or wasting 336 acre-feet/year of State Water Project water.

cAroLLo’s roLeCarollo’s job is to protect our clients’ interests. We are not in business to sell membranes or membrane systems. Our goal is to help develop a project that best suits the needs of each client. Our evaluations and pilot studies are fair and objective.

Carollo’s role is also to provide the best treatment facility at the lowest reasonable cost. This is the reason why Carollo has been exploring alternative delivery methods since the mid 1990s. Based on our experience with a variety of membrane procurement methods, we developed a matrix of six basic delivery methods, presented on the following page. This table illustrates the steps, advantages, and disadvantages of the most common delivery methods for membrane projects. Each project is unique, and our goal is to help our clients define the custom delivery approach that best suits their needs, concerns, and expectations.

Carollo’s design of a pump diffusion

flash-mixing system for Kamloops, BC,

eliminated the need for two tanks and

saves the utility $30,000 annually. The

plant is currently in operation.

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The project profiles on the following pages present highlights of Carollo’s key achievements in drinking water and wastewater treatment using low-pressure membranes. These examples illustrate our ability to:

! Implement innovative technologies to improve process design and performance.

! Integrate engineering and research to achieve practical solutions tailored to specific client needs.

! Involve project participants early in the process to “demystify” advanced technology and fully understand each other’s needs.

! Offer advanced solutions that are practical, affordable, and reliable.

We would be happy to provide client references that can attest to the quality and responsiveness of Carollo’s services upon request.

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The Twin Oaks Valley WTP (TOVWTP) has been supplying drinking water on behalf of the San Diego County Water Authority since April 2008. The project was delivered as a Design-Build-Operate (DBO) project. The facilities are currently operated by the private operations company, which was awarded the contract.

The TOVWTP capacity is 100 mgd. The plant raw water is a blend of Colorado River water and State Water Project water. Lake Hodges water may also be used as an emergency source. The raw water treatment process includes: automatic strainers, submerged membrane filtration, ozonation with advanced oxidation, biologically activated carbon contactors, and chloramination. All the wastewater streams are equalized, clarified, and returned to the raw water treatment process.

The existing submerged UF system was designed with 14 trains to minimize flow instantaneous variation. However, the facilities do not include a storage tank to supply the backwash water, and flow is controlled upstream of the trains through the 14 inlet flow control valves. As a result, the filtered water flow rate varies more than +/- 5 percent, preventing SDCWA from getting the full disinfection credit from the ozone contact basins.

Carollo was hired as the Owner’s representative and technical advisor to review the changes proposed by the DBO team to minimize the filtered water flow variation. Carollo’s inside knowledge of the membrane system, combined with its flow control expertise built on past membrane projects was instrumental in the development of a technical solution that was acceptable to the project stakeholders.

Based on extensive full-scale testing, the construction project elements include:

! A new 18,000-gallon concrete tank that can store water for up to six backwash events.

! Feeding the backwash supply tank at constant rate to minimize impact on flow variation.

! Using a plant recovery setpoint instead of a train recovery setpoint to minimize the impact of membrane tank drain and fill sequences.

! Changing the flow control strategy to filtered flow control (by the permeate pumps) from feed flow control (by the train inlet valves).

SAN DIEGO COUNTY WATER AUTHORITY, CALIFORNIA

Twin Oaks Valley WTP Improvements

UF membrane train permeate pumps and

flowmeters at the Twin Oaks WTP.

Owner’s representative expertise protected the

Owner’s interests.

Owner’s representative expertise facilitated the

development of a solution acceptable to the project

stakeholders.

Flow control strategy is a key feature of a successful

membrane project.

HIG

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For a number of years, water agencies in south Orange County had investigated alternatives for improving both water supply and water system reliability. A study undertaken by the Santiago Aqueduct Commission was finalized in June 2007. The Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD), Santa Margarita Water District, Moulton Niguel Water District, Trabuco Canyon Water District, El Toro Water District, and Municipal Water District of Orange County participated in the study. The study confirmed the feasibility of constructing a new 28-mgd water treatment plant (WTP) on the former Los Alisos Water District site.

Following completion of the feasibility study, the participating water agencies selected RBF Consulting and Carollo for the engineering services necessary to support the preliminary design, final design, bidding, and construction of the Baker WTP and water conveyance facilities. Carollo is responsible for design of the Baker WTP, and RBF Consulting is responsible for design of the conveyance facilities. The raw water to be delivered to the Baker WTP will come from two sources: Metropolitan Water District's Lower Feeder (MWDLF) and Irvine Lake. MWDLF has the potential to deliver State Water Project water or Colorado River Water. Water from Irvine Lake consists of a blend of water from the MWDLF and surface runoff.

The plant treatment process must be capable of treating the range of water quality from these various sources. The water will be filtered utilizing Pall microfiltration (MF) technology and disinfected utilizing ultraviolet (UV) light, free chlorine, and chloramines to meet both federal and California drinking water standards. To reduce anticipated elevated concentrations of dissolved manganese in Irvine Lake water, chemical treatment with chlorine dioxide will be installed upstream of the MF filters. Both sources of raw water are subject to taste and odor events. The design includes provisions for adding a powdered activated carbon (PAC) system. In addition, both sources of raw water most likely contain, or at some point in the future will contain, Quagga mussels, which have recently been detected in Lake Mathews. Therefore, the design includes provisions for adding tighter screens to protect the membranes against shell debris.

When completed by end of year 2014, the Baker WTP will be a reliable alternate source of drinking water to the South Orange County area in the event Metropolitan Water District's Diemer filtration plant is not operational and/or raw water deliveries from Metropolitan Water District are curtailed due to water shortages or natural disaster.

IRVINE RANCH WATER DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

Baker Water Treatment Plant

The Carollo design team used a 3D model

to convey design concepts to IRWD

operations staff.

Membrane system designed for intermittent usage of PAC.

Use of chlorine dioxide as pre-oxidant for manganese.

Use of pipe gallery for membrane room layout to

improve access and aesthetics.

UV disinfection installed as secondary barrier for Giardia.

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The City of Yuma’s Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility (WTF) is a key component of the City’s long-term plan for water supply reliability, increased treatment capacity, and improved water quality.

Construction of the 24-mgd first phase of the Agua Viva WTF was completed in August 2009 to serve the eastern area of the City. The project was developed using the construction manager at-risk project delivery method. The approach provides a mechanism for real-time value engineering, constructability review, and cost estimating by the contractor throughout the design period.

The treatment processes and technologies employed at the Agua Viva WTF were defined as part of a detailed Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP). The WQMP was a collaborative effort between the City and Carollo. The following treatment process resulted from the WQMP work.

The raw water pump station is located at the termination of the Gila Gravity Main Canal to maximize the reliability of the water supply. Pretreatment at the plant site consists of bar screen, self-cleaning strainers, coagulation, and two-stage flocculation using aluminum sulfate as coagulant. In addition, chlorine dioxide is generated on-site and is dosed as a pre-oxidant. The clarification-filtration process is an immersed membrane system. The system is able to operate at high solids loading. The design allows the City to run at high alum doses if necessary to remove organic material that contributes to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the finished water.

On-site sodium hypochlorite generation is used to produce a low concentration sodium-hypochlorite solution that is used for primary disinfection. On-site generation eliminates the potential exposure of operators and the surrounding community to hazards of transporting and handling gaseous chlorine or bulk sodium hypochlorite solution.

A washwater recovery system was installed to maximize recovery. The system includes flow equalization, chemical addition, dissolved air flotation, and solar drying beds. The recovered water is recycled back

to the head of the treatment process, upstream of the self-cleaning strainers.

Provisions were made in the WTF site master plan to add ultraviolet disinfection and granular activated carbon contactors in the future in case of degradation of the raw water quality.

CITY OF YUMA, ARIZONA

Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility

The Agua Viva WTF is the first membrane water

treatment facility to be permitted through the Arizona

Department of Environmental Quality.

Local design of a new 20-mgd WTF (expandable to 40 mgd)

using membrane filtration.

Plant’s high level of automation allows for unmanned/remote

operation.

Design includes a chlorine dioxide generation system for

pre-oxidation and a sodium hypochlorite on-site generation

system for disinfection.

Designed with the flexibility to implement enhanced

coagulation to assist in reducing DBP formation.

Construction manager at-risk project.

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"The Agua Viva Water

Treatment Facility is a

tremendous asset and source of

pride for the City of Yuma."

Kathleen Carroll, Water

and Wastewater Treatment

Manager - City of Yuma

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This area of the Dallas Metroplex experienced tremendous growth in the early 2000s, and the Upper Trinity Regional Water District (UTRWD) decided to build a new water treatment facility to serve this area. This is the District’s second water treatment facility. The District’s first WTP, the Regional WTP, has a 70-mgd capacity.

Carollo provided a conceptual design study, which included an evaluation of a conventional treatment facility with ozone versus a membrane treatment facility. As part of this study, life-cycle cost was developed for both options. In addition to cost, other factors included the viability of remote operations and sensitivity for operational manning of the plant. The recommended treatment process for this facility was a membrane plant.

The next step was a membrane pilot testing study to determine the design parameters applicable for this new plant. Three membrane manufacturer units were tested at the Sulphur Springs WTP since that plant receives the same raw water. The raw water is relatively high in total organic carbon (6 to 7 mg/L) and has an average turbidity of 20 NTU. In Texas, a membrane treatment facility is classified as an alternative treatment process, which requires at least 90 days of pilot testing. The pilot testing confirmed that membrane treatment is a viable and cost-effective process that provides high quality water.

Pilot testing was followed by the design of the facilities for the initial 20-mgd plant. The final design included a membrane building to house the membranes, a control/chemical building, high service pump station, 4-MG clearwell, backwash recovery basins, and a recovery pumping station along with miscellaneous yard structures and piping.

One of the challenges for this initial plant design was laying out the site facilities and piping to accommodate an ultimate 200-mgd plant while minimizing the initial plant construction cost. UTRWD wanted to either eliminate or minimize potential shutdowns during future expansions of the plant. One of the unique aspects of the plant design included an option to reduce the operational staffing to 12 hours per day and have the plant operated remotely for the remaining 12 hours. This required extensively automation and instrumentation for which a membrane plant is ideally suited because automation is inherent in the process.

The plant has been in operation since November 2007.

UPPER TRINITY REGIONAL WATER DISTRICT, LEWISVILLE, TEXAS

The unique design of the membrane

tanks used galleries to minimize

exposed piping, improving aesthetics.

Design of a new 20-mgd WTP using membrane filtration.

Master planning of site for 200 mgd.

Plant’s high level of automation allows for unmanned/remote

operation.

Use of pipe galleries in membrane tank configuration

to improve aesthetics of membrane systems.

Modular design of membrane system allows for expansion

in smaller and less costly increments.

Plant facilities and site lighting designed to minimize impact on surrounding residential property.

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Tom Harpool Water Treatment Plant

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Carollo has provided wastewater planning and design services for the City of Modesto since 2004, including the Wastewater Collection System and Treatment Master Plan Update (2007) and the Wastewater Master Plan Supplement (2008). As a result of anticipated growth, the 2007 Treatment Master Plan Update identified a treatment capacity shortfall that resulted in the development of the Phase 1A Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)/Tertiary Facilities Project.

Carollo completed the design of the Phase 1A improvements for the City of Modesto’s Jennings Road Wastewater Treatment Plant. The project consists of a 2.3-mgd tertiary system based on a membrane bioreactor (MBR), including nitrification/denitrification followed by UV disinfection.

The project included the following key elements:

! Primary effluent pump station.

! Rotary drum fine screen facility.

! BNR oxidation ditch.

! Mixed liquor pump station, waste activated sludge pump station, and foam pump station.

! Owner pre-purchased membrane equipment system.

! Low-pressure, closed-vessel UV disinfection system.

! UV electrical building including structure.

! Two-mile effluent discharge pipeline.

! Power distribution system.

! Main electrical building.

! Standby generator.

! Instrumentation and control system.

Carollo completed the design for Phase 1A in 2008. The pre-purchase of the membrane and aeration equipment used an evaluated bid process to achieve the best life-cycle value for the City of Modesto. Carollo coordinated with the membrane equipment supplier during final design and installation. Construction was completed in mid 2010 and the plant has been in operational since then.

CITY OF MODESTO, CALIFORNIA

Jennings Secondary Treatment Plant – Phase 1A Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Project

Pilot testing of the MBR system to confirm metal removal

treatment effectiveness and membrane fouling.

Prepurchase of the membrane system prior to completion of

the final design.

Skid-mounted membrane system for faster installation.

Utilized Carollo's CAMP®

approach to further accelerate design schedules.

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Skid-mounted MBR unit control systems.

Bridge crane for removing membranes from

process tanks.

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The primary purpose of Modesto’s Phase 2 project at the Jennings Road Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is to achieve compliance with NPDES permit requirements. Phase 2 is the second of five steps identified by Carollo in the 2008 Wastewater Master Plan Supplement to achieve compliance with the new discharge permit.

The Phase 2 Project will provide a BNR/tertiary treatment capacity of 12.6 mgd. Future phases (3 through 5) will be added in 4.2-mgd modules. The treatment facilities will meet California Title 22 tertiary recycled water requirements, providing the flexibility to discharge domestic effluent to the river year-round, or offsite to recycled water customers. Treatment will utilize the MBR process, with disinfection through ultraviolet radiation. The Phase 2 facility will treat primary effluent from Modesto’s Sutter Avenue plant.

The MBR system consists of a constant-flow, based-loaded facility, with waste solids treated in the existing facultative ponds. The project also includes a 36-inch tertiary effluent pipeline to convey tertiary effluent from the Jennings Road facility to river discharge piping adjacent to the San Joaquin River. The pipeline will provide hydraulic capacity under gravity flow conditions for all project phases (1A through 5), for a total capacity of 27.5 mgd, plus an allowance for flow surges.

Phase 2 also includes the following specific project components:

! A fine screen structure, using 1-mm perforated plate, internally-fed drum screens with washer-compactors for the screenings.

! An influent mixing chamber and flow splitter box, to combine influent primary effluent with return activated sludge.

! BNR aeration basins with fine bubble air diffusers with anoxic and aerobic zones.

! Mixed liquor fine screens.

! A blower building, including high-speed turbo aeration blowers and electrical control systems.

! Membrane tanks and membrane system, including an overhead crane and tank covers.

! A membrane blower building, including high speed turbo scour air blowers and electrical controls for the MBR equipment.

! New dual, 12.5-kV primary electrical service with 15 kVA capacity.

CITY OF MODESTO, CALIFORNIA

Jennings Secondary Treatment Plant – Phase 2 BNR/Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Project

Developed long-range capital investment program with

flow triggers to accommodate growth and phasing plan for

membrane expansion.

Siemens MemPulse™ System selected for the design.

Design assistance by the selected membrane supplier to

complete final design.

Membrane supplier submittals reviewed and finalized during

the design phase.

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The Carollo design team used 3D

modeling to convey design concepts for

the City of Modesto.

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The City of Lake Forest had concerns about the ability of the Lake Forest WTP to meet existing and future water quality standards at its design capacity. In addition to the limitation of the WTP capacity based on water quality concerns, physical limitations of the plant’s capacity prevented the operation of the plant at its 18-mgd design capacity. Furthermore, aesthetic constraints limited expansion of the existing building. To assess these issues, the City hired Carollo to develop a feasibility study.

Lake Forest is located on the shore of Lake Michigan. The quality of the water varies around the lake; however, pilot studies and full-scale plants have demonstrated that low-pressure membrane treatment is a viable alternative for direct treatment of the water supply. Based on an extensive study of the raw water quality data, Carollo prepared preliminary design criteria and cost estimates for a 14-mgd membrane treatment facility. This desktop study included a comparison of the anticipated operations and maintenance costs for both a conventional system and a low-pressure membrane system. Based on the results of the feasibility study, the City decided to proceed with an evaluation and pre-selection of one membrane supplier.

The evaluation process combined a present worth analysis and short-term pilot testing of three membrane systems. As a result, the City hired Carollo to follow up on the one-year testing required by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and design a 14-mgd membrane filtration facility around the preselected membrane system. The plant’s design accommodates an ultimate capacity of 18 mgd.

Carollo completed the design in six months. Construction of Phase 1, which included the membrane facilities, was completed in May 2004. The plant is now successfully producing ultrafiltered drinking water for the residents of Lake Forest.

Construction of Phase 2, which included emergency engine generators and a dehumification system, was completed in November 2004. Change orders – including owner-requested additions to the scope – averaged less than one percent of the $19.9-million construction cost.

CITY OF LAKE FOREST, ILLINOIS

City of Lake Forest Water Treatment Plant

Eight skids equipped with

24 18-inch Aquasource

membrane modules help to

meet plant production and

redundancy requirements at

the Lake Forest WTP.

First low-pressure membrane system approved by Illinois EPA.

Phased, prioritized schedule of plant improvements.

New low-pressure membranes with an initial capacity of

14 mgd.

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The City of Olathe maximum day water demands significantly increased over the eight-year span from 1996 to 2003 (from 15.6 mgd to over 27 mgd, respectively). This rapid change in demand prompted the City to contract with Carollo to verify the City’s future demand projections, examine the existing WTP infrastructure, provide recommendations for a long-term plan to meet demands, and design the plant expansion.

Due to a tight schedule that required the improvements to be complete by the peak demand season in 2005, Olathe opted for project delivery via a design-build procurement method. Carollo maintained a leadership role as engineer and produced a 30-percent set of plans and specifications. The 30-percent design effort included membrane piloting for a three-month period in order to produce reasonable design criteria for four prequalified membrane manufacturers. The 30-percent design bid package included two alternative building designs so that Olathe could receive comprehensive competitive pricing on both submerged and pressure-driven membrane systems. Membrane suppliers were responsible for bidding the project based upon Carollo’s net present value analysis of the results of the pilot study. In this manner, a level

playing field was established upon which Olathe could evaluate the contractor’s bids. Carollo delivered the 30-percent plans and specifications on time to meet the project’s aggressive schedule.

Carollo assisted the City with the evaluation of proposals from four prequalified contractors. The contractors were required to prepare and submit a proposal for both pressure-driven and submerged membrane system. The weighted proposal evaluation was based upon a number of factors, including: experience with the construction of similar

installations, experience of the proposed project team, and proposed project cost.

The project includes a membrane building to house the selected modular pressure microfiltration membrane system, allows Olathe to increase the current plant capacity by 13 mgd and provides space to take the plant to its ultimate membrane capacity. All of the required infrastructure to hydraulically process 44 mgd was included in this expansion.

CITY OF OLATHE, KANSAS

Water Treatment Plant No. 2 Expansion

Carollo designed this membrane room and Pall

membrane rack to allow the City of Olathe to

increase plant capacity by 13 mgd.

Design-build delivery of WTP expansion to 30 mgd.

30-percent design that includes two alternative building layouts to obtain competitive pricing for submerged and pressure-driven

membrane systems.

Innovative approach to meet peak season

demand requirements on a tight schedule and at a

reasonable cost.

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The City of Temple constructed a 12-mgd Pall membrane WTP in 2004 to supplement its existing 29.7-mgd conventional WTP. The source water presents a high level of dissolved manganese, dissolved iron, and total organic carbon. The initial treatment process included pre-oxidation with chlorine dioxide, membrane filtration, chlorine disinfection, and membrane washwater recycling through alum coagulation and lagoon. The plant was designed to achieve a net capacity of 11.6 mgd. However, after 4 years of operation, plant operators observed rapid increases in transmembrane pressure, inefficient cleaning, and loss of production capacity. The City contracted with Carollo to identify the cause of the decreased production capacity and to develop operational improvements to recover the design net capacity.

The reduced production capacity of the plant was determined to be a result of membrane fouling caused by both organic and inorganic materials. Results of this investigation indicated that membrane production should be recovered after the membranes are cleaned using the Pall/Carollo recommended enhanced CIP cleaning procedures. The study also identified several operational adjustments that will help control the observed fouling. These adjustments included:

! Operate with the excess recirculation (XR) loop.

! Increase in the backwash (RF) water flow rate.

! Add enhanced backwash (EFM).

! Equalize washwater (RF) lagoon supernatant flow.

The study determined that current operation results in recirculation of large quantities of colloidal solids that are not properly coagulated and very little DOC removal (as expected) with microfiltration membranes. Treatment process units were constructed to sustain plant operation and provide greater flexibility. They include:

! Existing RF lagoon utilized as ClP wastewater equalization lagoon.

! New 20,000-gallon washwater equalization tank to provide constant flow to the washwater clarification process.

! Plate settlers installed downstream of the flow equalization tank to effectively remove solids from the RF stream.

! In-line coagulation installed upstream of the membranes to increase DOC removal.

A performance test required by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality demonstrated that the plate settlers met (and exceeded) the turbidity treatment goal.

CITY OF TEMPLE, TEXAS

Membrane Water Treatment Plant

Pall's racks at Temple's Membrane WTP.

Washwater recovery is a key element of a successful

membrane plant design.

A multi-stage cleaning procedure can remove fouling that is not removed by a two-

stage cleaning procedure.

In-line coagulation helps control disinfection by-product

formation.

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The Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) depended on imported surface water for approximately 75 percent of its water supply. The remainder was produced from local groundwater supplies and extensive use of reclaimed water (EMWD operates five reclamation plants with a combined capacity of 50 mgd). However, a severe six-year drought and the pressure of continued growth within the service area stretched EMWD’s supplies to the limit, forcing it to rely increasingly on imported water, which must be treated.

In 2003, EMWD realized its need for further filtration capacity and retained Carollo to develop a strategy for designing and constructing a 10-mgd membrane filtration plant expandable to 40 mgd, using State Water Project water, in 32 months. State Water Project water is a good quality, raw water. However, it is subject to taste and odor events and DBP formation.

To accommodate the relatively tight project schedule, Carollo awarded a subconsultant design contract to the membrane supplier. By doing that, Carollo protected the owner’s interests (the engineer is responsible for the full design) and reduced construction time (the submittal review of the membrane system was performed during design). To ensure that the membranes are fabricated, tested, delivered, and ready for installation when construction progresses to the appropriate point, Carollo prepared a prepurchase contract which also incorporated strict performance and quality control requirements.

The plant utilizes 500-micron mechanical screens followed by a unique two-zone, single-tank membrane system with 98-percent recovery. The plant combines membranes with chloramination to meet state and federal requirements for removal and inactivation of pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and viruses. In order to achieve taste and odor control and provide further disinfection capability, the plant’s design accommodates the future addition of GAC contactors or dosing PAC within the flocculation basins and UV disinfection.

The Hemet Water Filtration Plant has been meeting EMWD’s expectations since September 2006. Since this date, the Carollo Team members have completed several standard operating procedures, a 1-year operations engineering report required by the State Water Board Division of Drinking Water (DDW) for alternative filtration technology, and an engineering report to allow EMWD to operate the plant as a 12-mgd facility without installing further membranes.

EASTERN MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

Hemet Water Filtration Plant

EMWD's new Hemet Water Filtration

Plant uses a Zenon submerged

membrane system.

"The Hemet Plant is the easiest

of all our facilities to operate and

maintain, and much of the credit

for that is your team's interaction

with our O&M staff to make

sure they got what they needed to

maximize their efficiency."

Charles Bachmann, Assistant

General Manager - EMWD

Carollo's compact layout provides 40 mgd of state-of-the-art treatment on a five-acre site.

Plant design allows for fast and easy expansion.

Winner of the American Society of Civil Engineers' Outstanding Civil Engineering Project of the

Year, Los Angeles.

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The City of Lodi designed and built a new 10-mgd surface water treatment facility (SWTF) to supplement its groundwater supply.

The raw water comes from the Mokelumne River, which is a good water supply source with an average turbidity of 2 NTU, and TOC concentration typically below 2.2 mg/L. The goals for the finished water are 4-log Giardia reduction, and 5-log virus reduction due to the high coliform concentration in the raw water.

The primary treatment process includes: raw water pumping, in-line coagulation, grit removal basin, feed water pumping and straining, pressure-driven membrane filtration, chlorine disinfection, and finished water pumping. The treatment process scheme also includes backwash water recovery and recycling through equalization basin, coagulation, flocculation, and plate settlers.

The commissioning of the facilities was challenging because:

! The SWTF is the City’s first surface water treatment plant.

! The City council had voted against a public-private partnership that could have transferred the operational risk to a third-party operations company.

! The operations staff was not with the City during design and construction.

! The operations staff had not operated membrane filtration facilities.

In order to achieve these challenges, the City contracted with Carollo to act as the Transition Manager (TM) when construction was near substantial completion. Carollo’s primary role was to coordinate the startup and testing activities, and to assist with operations during the two first years of the facilities.

More importantly, the TM focused on the Owner’s expectations rather than on the contract conditions and built on his process and operations expertise to foster trust among the stakeholders. As a result, the complexity of the membrane system was demystified, the quality control activities were performed proactively in order to address the deficiencies before they become problems, and a collaborative approach was fostered between the Owner, the Engineer, the Contractor, and the TM, which greatly facilitates the transfer of ownership and the completion of the project. The SWTF has been meeting the needs of the City since its approval by the DDW in November 2012.

CITY OF LODI, CALIFORNIA

Surface Water Treatment Facility Start-up and Operations Assistance

Valve racks and membrane module

racks at the SWTF.

The Transition Manager approach is a proven alternative

to public-private partnership.

It provides a shorter schedule than the contractor-led

startup approach.

It realizes a seamless transition between testing and operations.

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Faced with unprecedented growth in the area, Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) decided to build a new WTP) to augment its supply from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The project involved demolishing existing pumping facilities at EMWD’s Perris II Pumping Plant and constructing a new WTP to treat Colorado River water directly off the aqueduct.

The plant site was master planned by Carollo and others to accommodate facilities to treat an ultimate capacity of 50 mgd. Phase 1 of the Perris WTP provides a capacity of 10 mgd (expandable to 20 mgd) and incorporates Zenon submerged ultrafiltration technology as the membrane filtration step.

The Phase 1 plant includes a new 50-mgd raw water pump station, 1-mm fine screening facility, membrane tanks, mechanical equipment building, chlorine contact tanks (convertible to membrane tanks in the future), chemical building, and control room. The layout also includes areas for future flocculation, if needed. The plant incorporates three membrane trains and was designed on a fast track to meet the water

supply needs of EMWD. Incorporating a novel membrane reactor design, the plant was permitted by the DDW to operate at recoveries of up to 98 percent with permanent solids bleed. The new plant has been in operation since May 2003.

EASTERN MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT, PERRIS, CALIFORNIA

Perris Water Treatment Plant

Perris WTP site during construction.

Commissioning phase of the project – membrane

tanks in the foreground with a 50-mgd raw water

pump station in the background.

Fast-track project, designed in four months.

Construction of a new WTP with an ultimate treatment

capacity of 50 mgd.

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The City of Redlands retained Carollo, assisted by another consultant, to upgrade its existing treatment facility to provide recycled water for use as cooling water by a local power generator. The upgraded facility will remove total inorganic nitrogen from 9.5 mgd to a level of less than 10 mg/L to meet Basin Plan requirements. It will also treat 6 mgd of the total flow to meet California Title 22 requirements for low turbidity, disinfected effluent suitable for use in cooling towers and crop irrigation.

The initial phase of the project included an evaluation of treatment processes capable of producing effluent of the required quality and assistance with power company negotiations regarding effluent quality. Selected processes included new technology using immersed MF membranes in MBR, followed by disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. This arrangement allows the City of Redlands to install reverse osmosis downstream of the MBR and upstream of the chlorination point to meet future total dissolved solids discharge requirements if needed.

Carollo’s responsibilities also included both preliminary and final design of modifications to the existing activated sludge treatment basins to increase the plant capacity and allow a portion of the basins to be operated at a higher mixed liquor concentration (8,000 mg/L) in association with the membranes. Carollo designed a separate membrane tank and a chemical storage/feed system for the MBR system.

In addition to upgrades/additions to provide nitrogen removal and tertiary effluent, the project involved upgrade, rehabilitation, or replacement of most of the major elements of the plant (some up to 40 years old) to reduce operations and maintenance requirements and restore reliability. These included the plant’s electrical, control, and pumping systems.

CITY OF REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA

Recycled Water Treatment Facility

The Redlands Recycled

Water Facility employs

new technology using

immersed MF membranes

in an MBR followed by

disinfection with sodium

hypochlorite.

Pre-negotiated contract for membranes and related

equipment.

Largest wastewater MBR in California at the time of design.

Able to recoup some of the cost of treatment through sale of

effluent.

Able to offset the use of scarce groundwater in the underlying

basin.

Able to beneficially dispose of effluent as an alternative to

the current (potentially limited) percolation of effluent.

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In 2002, the County of Washoe identified $80 million of water supply, drinking water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, and reclaimed water improvements for South Truckee Meadows. Major drinking water infrastructure identified included two drinking water treatment facilities and associated diversion, piping, and pumping facilities. The County selected Carollo to assist with the site assessment and preliminary and final design of one of these two facilities called the “lower” facility.

The treatment facility will treat both groundwater and surface water from local creeks. In the first phase, this facility will treat approximately 6 mgd, and will be expandable to up to 12 mgd.

The plant treatment process includes:

! Raw water system allowing any combination of three surface water sources and six groundwater wells.

! Clarification process that includes coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation with plate settlers.

! Pressure-driven membrane system.

! Chlorine contact basin.

! Finished water pump station.

Carollo finalized the design in September 2006. The design has been shelved due to the economic turndown.

SOUTH TRUCKEE MEADOWS, RENO, NEVADA

Water Treatment Facility

View of the site with one of the water

sources that come into the plant.

Membrane racks at the

South Truckee Meadows

Water Treatment Facility will

allow for additional plant

capacity simply by installing

extra modules.

Arsenic removal through coagulation, flocculation, and

membrane filtration.

Comprehensive bidding process for membrane system selection.

Pressure-driven membrane system for incremental

expansions.

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The Fountain Hills Sanitary District’s WWTP collects and treats wastewater. The WWTP is rated for 2.9 mgd, average annual daily flow. Effluent in excess of seasonal irrigation demand is routed to the Advance Water Treatment Facility (AWTF). At the AWTF site, the effluent is filtered by a low-pressure membrane system and disinfected by UV light prior to being injected into the aquifer for storage. The water is later recovered by five ASR wells.

The existing MF had been in continual use for approximately 12 years. Due to wear and tear of the system components and the stainless steel piping, the MF system was nearing the end of its serviceable life.

The new UF system presents tighter membrane pores, higher recovery rate, and lower chemical consumption. This means a more sustainable system with improved disinfection capacity, less water losses, and less chemical loaded wastewater discharged to the sanitary sewer. The project increased the treatment capacity of the AWTF from 2.9 mgd, average daily flow (ADF), to 3.3 mgd, and provided a higher level of redundancy with the possibility of maintaining the capacity with one train out of service within the same footprint.

Finally, the UF system was purchased through an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a membrane supplier, allowing the District to realize a substantial savings.

Due to the seasonal demand of the treated water for golf course irrigation, the AWTF could be taken off-line from May 1 to September 30. Therefore, the construction phase of the project was completed in four months.

A fast-paced design and permitting effort was required in order to meet the aggressive construction schedule. The District, Carollo, the Contractor, the OEM, and the membrane Supplier completed the design

in four months, with local and State permitting efforts running concurrently as part of a Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) delivery. Carollo knowledge of the old facilities combined with its membrane expertise was instrumental in the success of the project.

Construction was completed on schedule and on budget. The new facilities are currently meeting the District’s needs for both golf course irrigation and aquifer replenishment.

FOUNTAIN HILLS SANITARY DISTRICT, ARIZONA

Advanced Water Treatment Facility Membrane System Replacement Project

UF membrane train supplied by Tonka (OEM)/

Dow (membrane vendor).

The CMAR delivery allows the project team to

meet the Owner’s goals while delivering the project on schedule and on budget.

The purchase of the UF system through an OEM/

Membrane Vendor joint venture provided substantial savings to

the District.

A new level-flow compound control loop facilitates

operations by allowing the operators to use a unique

operation's mode.

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Carollo recently provided planning, design, and construction management for the 2.3-mgd Ashland WWTP to improve the water quality and health of the receiving water streams, Ashland Creek and Bear Creek. Designed to meet a stringent effluent limit of 0.08 mg/L phosphorus as required by the total maximum daily load and to address other water quality concerns in Bear Creek, the Ashland plant indeed produces the highest quality wastewater effluent anywhere in the Pacific Northwest.

Phosphorus is a soluble nutrient that conventional WWTPs cannot remove. While phosphorus does not pose any health risks to humans and is not toxic to fish, it can cause excessive algal growth and dramatic daily changes in pH (acidity vs. alkalinity) and dissolved oxygen, particularly in warm, slow-moving waters.

Since the plant was not originally designed for traditional biological phosphorus removal (Bio-P), and Bio-P is not sufficient in itself to meet the 0.08 mg/L total phosphorus limit, Ashland’s new treatment plant utilizes membrane filtration to remove the phosphorus and other pollutants from the wastewater. Alum is added to the treated water prior to filtration, which causes phosphorus to precipitate. The precipitate is then filtered by passing the water through membrane filters. The membranes have a pore size of 0.04 microns, which is smaller than bacteria. As a result, the membranes also provide significant removal of bacteria, parasites, viruses, and other pathogens.

Approximately 100 pounds of phosphorus from human waste enters the treatment plant every day. The plant removes nearly all of that phosphorus and discharges approximately one pound per day. In fact,

the completed new treatment plant removes nearly 100 percent of all pollutants in Ashland’s sewage. The effluent discharged to Ashland Creek meets stringent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus limits.

CITY OF ASHLAND, OREGON

Ashland Wastewater Treatment Plant

Effluent from the Ashland WWTP meets stringent requirements for BOD5,

TSS, ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus to protect water quality in

receiving water streams.

Pilot testing of two alternative membrane treatment systems.

Recommendation of Zenon membrane system based on its ability to remove phosphorus.

Removal of nearly 100 percent of all pollutants in Ashland's

sewage.

Production of highest quality wastewater effluent anywhere

in Pacific Northwest.

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CITY OF SURPRISE, ARIZONA

Carollo served as the lead design engineer for a 2.0-mgd Membrane WRF located in the City’s Special Planning Area 2 (SPA 2). The City challenged Carollo to design a BNR membrane filtration facility, utilizing UV disinfection that would produce Class A+ reclaimed water—the highest quality reclaimed water in Arizona—within a well-defined budget for design and construction.

To meet this challenge, Carollo developed a conceptual design for the new WRF that utilized common wall construction and a membrane bioreactor. Common wall construction allowed efficient use of the site area, minimized excavation and backfill, and enabled future facility expansion to occur in 2.0-mgd modules. Using a membrane bioreactor eliminated the need for conventional sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection facilities, thus minimizing excavation, concrete, and electrical construction costs. Carollo’s design approach also allowed for facilities to be constructed in close proximity to each other, thereby reducing yard piping, electrical conduit, and site work. Design and construction included the following unit processes:

! Influent pump station.

! Aeration basin with aerobic and anoxic zones (BNR).

! Feed forward system to membrane filtration system to equalize flow in the aeration basins and reduce footprint and construction cost.

! Zenon 500D immersed MBR filtration system.

! UV disinfection.

! Foul air treatment systems.

! Reclaimed water metering and recharge wells.

! Reclaimed water recharge basins.

! New motor control center.

! Programmable logic controller (PLC).

! Automated SCADA system.

! Remote communication to City's main operations center.

As reclaimed water is disposed through on-site vadose zone recharge wells, Carollo assisted the city in preparing and obtaining an Aquifer Protection Permit and an underground Storage Facility Permit.

In addition to design and permitting, Carollo provided construction administration services and worked closely with the CMAR during the design and construction phases.

Carollo initiated a formal value engineering

process for the SPA 2 WRF project to identify

potential areas of cost reduction without

compromising design intent, design criteria,

and projected effluent quality. The end result

was a $23M, 2-MGD MBR WRF.

“We generally find that the level of detail, completeness, and clarity of

the information included in Carollo Engineers Drawings, Specifications, and

Bid Documents is one of the best in the industry. Carollo’s work supports our ability to understand the construction requirements of the job and minimize

unnecessary contingency associated with less detailed Bid Documents sometimes

produced by other engineers.”

—Tom O'Donnell, President and District Manager,

PCL Construction, Inc (CMAR)

Spa 2 Membrane Water Reclamation Facility Design and Construction

2.0 MBR facility for a reduced footprint.

Produces Class A+ reclaimed water.

CMAR alternate project delivery.

$23M all-in-cost paid for exclusively by developers.H

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Carollo provided preliminary and final design services for the Carmel Area Wastewater District's Salinity Management Project. This project replaced the existing tertiary treatment facilities at the District's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with new microfiltration/reverse osmosis (MF/RO) facilities for treating recycled water. Additional improvements to the conventional WWTP provide more consistent water quality to the MF/RO process. The recycled water is primarily used to irrigate several golf courses on the Monterey Peninsula, including the world-renowned Pebble Beach Golf Course and exclusive Cypress Point Club Golf Course. The MF/RO process will remove the salts currently present in the recycled water, which are damaging to golf course greens, down to acceptable levels. In particular, RO will be used to control sodium, conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and adjusted SAR.

Predesign services included updating the recommendations of previous feasibility studies, identifying appropriate treatment technologies, and outlining the tasks to be evaluated as part of the preliminary design. Preliminary design services included establishing the design criteria required for the final design.

The final design services included preparing plans and specifications to approximately 60-percent complete overall, to then be used for

construction through a modified construction-management-at-risk approach. During final design, project team members also developed a startup plan for all project components.

The MF system consists of oxidant-resistant (PVDF) hollow fiber submerged membranes and has a capacity of 1.9 mgd of filtrate. To help minimize chemical addition and produce more treated water, only a portion of the MF filtrate flow (approximately 80 percent) is treated by RO. Treatment of all flow through the MF system allows the treatment facilities to continue to meet the California Title 22 requirements for unrestricted use of recycled water.

CARMEL AREA WASTEWATER DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

Salinity Management Project

The Carmel WWTP's tertiary MF/RO system

produces water with a strict quality

standard for irrigating the world-class

Pebble Beach Golf Course.

MF was selected followed by RO to improve recycled water quality to irrigate turf grass.

MF enables the WWTP to continue to meet the California

Title 22 requirements for unrestricted use of recycled

water.

CMAR project.

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The Puget Sound region faces significant challenges in meeting the water resource needs of both the environment and its people. The King County Department of Natural Resources (KCDNR) recognized that reclaimed water could serve as a significant new source of water to the region, deferring the need to develop new water sources. Reclaimed water also allows augmentation of instream flows to protect salmonids. In conjunction with its mission to expand the use of reclaimed water, KCDNR proceeded with planning and preliminary design of a reclaimed water facility to help meet the growing water demands in the Sammamish Valley.

KCDNR’s Wastewater Treatment Division retained Carollo to conduct a pilot study of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to test the feasibility of treating wastewater to a level suitable for unrestricted reuse for agricultural irrigation. The pilot facility was located at the Hollywood Pump Station along the Sammamish River Trail, a popular recreational area, to expose the public to the project and gain support for reclaimed water use. Applying reclaimed water to garden test pilots managed by various local growers helped foster understanding of the benefits of irrigation with reclaimed water. Based on the success of the pilot study, KCDNR moved forward and hired Carollo to provide preliminary design of the 1.5-mgd full-scale facility.

The Sammamish Valley Reclaimed Water Production Facility (RWPF) is the first of several planned satellite reclamation facilities and is considered a model for reliable production of reclaimed water. To meet this commitment, Carollo has developed the first and only method to apply and incorporate sustainability to all design elements within the treatment process.

Specifically, the goals of the RWPF include:

! Providing a reliable, drought-resistant water supply for customers.

! Enhancing fish runs by providing an alternative source of irrigation water.

! Demonstrating the safety and environmental benefits of reclaimed water.

! Constructing an economically and ecologically sustainable reclamation facility.

! Identifying and meeting the needs of the communities.

KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON

Sammamish Valley Reclaimed Water Production Facility

MBR efficacy testing at King County's

Hollywood Pump Station helped determine

the feasibility of treating wastewater to a

level suitable for agricultural irrigation.

Model for reliable production of reclaimed water.

Combines state-of-the-art technologies with innovative

design and ecological and environmental sustainability.H

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PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE, TUCSON, ARIZONAWater Reclamation Preliminary Engineering Report, Design, Future and Construction Administration Services

The Pascua Yaqui Tribe’s (Tribe) water supply goals focused on regaining and maintaining control of their effluent and maximizing the robustness and flexibility of their water resources, including reclaimed water and Central Arizona Project (CAP) allocations. The Tribe selected Carollo to develop a solution to achieve their goals, and support the Tribe’s current and future water needs for community expansion and economic development.

Carollo conducted a feasibility study evaluating the Tribe’s water distribution system, water supply alternatives, wastewater collection system, wastewater disposal/treatment alternatives, and operation and maintenance organization development. The project team used the study findings to develop a Preliminary Engineering Report and design an innovative wastewater collection, treatment and reuse system to serve the Tribe’s long-term water and wastewater management needs.

The design phase included engineering design services for the following components:

! New 1.5-mgd initial phase (3.0 mgd ultimate) WRF to produce class A+ effluent with membrane technology.

! Modular design approach minimizes initial costs and allows for expansion in phases with minimal cost and time implications (adding cassettes).

! Feed forward pump station to equalize flow within the biological treatment basins (no equalization basin) and further minimize footprint and construction cost.

Carollo will manage the project’s final construction phase using the traditional design-bid-build delivery method. Services will include bidding assistance, construction administration, general and special inspection, operations and maintenance manual development, and facilities startup and commissioning. Carollo will also identify appropriate SCADA platforms and provide SCADA and PLC programming to tie into the Tribe’s existing infrastructure.

Carollo designed a new WRF and

associated facilities to provide the

Pascua Yaqui Tribe with a critical

new reclaimed water supply to

support the Tribe's growth and

economic development.

“Carollo provided the Pascua Yaqui Tribe with an unparalleled level

of commitment and client service throughout our project. They made

significant efforts to build and maintain strong relationships with Tribal Council,

staff members, and other critical stakeholders and actively participated in our community. We were extremely

confident that their decisions and recommendations were always made with the tribe’s best interest in mind.

Carollo supported our initiatives and provided the technical expertise,

coordination, and project management required to help us achieve our water

resource goals and promote additional economic development.”

—Kelly Gomez, Pascua Yaqui Tribe Land Department Director

Design of a new 1.5-mgd WRF, reclaimed water facilities, MBR

biological treatment, and UV disinfection.

Extensive coordination with Central Arizona Project, the

Tribe's golf course design team, electrical utility, and various

Tribal entities.

SCADA design to tie into existing infrastructure.

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Carollo prepared preliminary design plans and specifications for two treatment alternatives as part of the design-build delivery approach for the City of Corona’s WWTP No. 3. Carollo prepared preliminary design (approximately 30-percent design level) and specifications for a conventional BNR activated sludge treatment plant and an advanced MBR treatment plant (manufactured by Zenon). Carollo also prepared design criteria for both treatment alternatives and assisted with the permitting process.

In an effort to streamline costs and schedule, Carollo focused on a close, interactive process with the City to develop the first project in California to bid conventional wastewater treatment directly with membrane technology. Corona allocated a $9-million design-build budget for this initial 1-mgd phase, required to meet California Title 22 requirements for unrestricted reuse. The plant is expandable to 3 mgd. The project consisted of the following processes: influent pumping, headworks, BNR/tertiary filtration, disinfection facilities, and water reclamation systems.

Using a workshop approach, Carollo and Corona streamlined the initial facility scope by:

! Adopting sodium hypochlorite in lieu of UV disinfection.

! Transporting solids handling off site to another nearby regional facility.

! Raising the hydraulic gradeline with the influent pump station to reduce excavation costs.

! Condensing the site layout to a smaller footprint to reduce yard piping and electrical costs.

The project resulted in selection of a Zenon MBR over conventional treatment systems using an Eimco Carrousel Process or an Envirex Orbal Process. Carollo assisted with the review of critical submittals from the design-builder and to ensure compliance with the intent of the preliminary design documentation. The plant came on-line in 2001.

CITY OF CORONA, CALIFORNIA

Design-Build Plans and Specifications for Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 3

Carollo provided planning

and design for the City of

Corona's WWTP No. 3 to

meet stringent water quality

standards while providing

innovative technology,

operational improvements,

and cost savings.

First project in California to bid a WWTP with membrane

technology.

Demonstrates Carollo's ability to provide planning and design

for stringent water quality standards.H

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Carollo completed the pilot study, predesign, design, and construction services for the City of South Bend’s 1-mgd WTP. South Bend's existing pressure filtration WTP was receiving no pathogen removal credit. The City retained Carollo to review all the previous work and develop a strategy to address process selection for the new WTP.

Carollo conducted a three-month pilot testing program to evaluate low-pressure membranes to meet current and proposed regulations. Pilot- testing results, combined with Carollo’s experience designing the first ultrafiltration plant on the West Coast, were instrumental in gaining technology acceptance by the State of Washington Department of Health. By choosing this advanced and more reliable technology, the City was able to obtain grants for the design and loans for the construction of its new WTP.

The new South Bend WTP provides a multiple-barrier approach to treatment and is the first municipal low-pressure WTP in the State of Washington. Plant startup occurred in 2000 and the plant has been continuously producing finished water with turbidities below 0.03 NTU.

CITY OF SOUTH BEND, WASHINGTON

South Bend Water Treatment Facility

Carollo provided planning, design, and construction services to the

City of South Bend for the first municipal low-pressure membrane

WTP in the State of Washington.

First municipal, low-pressure membrane WTP in the State of

Washington.

New 600-gpm microfiltration plant.

Multiple-barrier approach to water treatment.

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VICTOR VALLEY WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AUTHORITY, HESPERIA, CALIFORNIA

The City of Hesperia and the Town of Apple Valley is poised for growth despite economical uncertainties and unsteady development in mid 2000, as they are situated in the heart of a region representing one of the few remaining and attractive undeveloped areas in Southern California. The Victor Valley Wastewater Reclamation Authority (VVWRA) provides tertiary-level treatment for irrigation projects and groundwater recharge in that region, and realized the need to manage wastewater flows and reuse that accompany growth.

Carollo assisted VVWRA by providing planning, preliminary, and detailed design services associated with two new ‘greenfield’ Hesperia and Apple Valley sub-regional MBR and scalping WRPs, each sized initially at 1 mgd expandable to 2 mgd, with ultimate capacity to 4 mgd. Carollo also designed a dedicated off-site Hesperia raw sewage pump station and force main to scalp flow from the regional interceptor, and reuse system (percolation basins and golf course irrigation).

Scalping facilities treat a portion of the wastewater from the local collection system, reuse the treated water in some beneficial manner, and return solids to the sewer. Scalping plants reduce the load on the regional facility, while creating recycled water—a valuable and increasingly important resource in the area. By their nature, scalping plant designs differ from conventional wastewater treatment plant designs, as they are often located in the middle of residential communities. Issues such as aesthetics, odor control, and noise abatement are key issues that Carollo needed to address to design “good neighbor” facilities, transforming a potential nuisance into a community asset.

Treatment plant components included single-stage, 2-mm fine screening (with provisions for future coarse screening and grit removal), modified

4-stage Bardenpho activated sludge for complete nitrification/denitrification (NdeN), MBRs, closed-vessel UV disinfection, effluent pumping, biofiltration odor control, and supporting appurtenances. The NdeN and MBR basins were configured with a unique feed-forward pumping strategy to minimize recycle piping and overall footprint. Carollo designed the treatment system and support facilities into a common structure with a compact footprint to fit into limited public right-of-ways.

Since these scalping facilities will produce high-quality effluent suitable for recycling, VVWRA is helping to maximize an increasingly scarce resource and support community sustainability within the high desert region of California. Victor Valley Wastewater Reclamation

Authority remote scalping plant using MBR

technology and closed vessel UV disinfection.

Design of Scalping Plants Using Membrane Bioreactor Technology

Remote scalping plant approach with facilities located based on

recycled water end users.

Utilization of two-locations, single-plant design strategy for

operational consistency and cost-effectiveness.

MBR technology with innovative design features for reduced footprint on compact site.

3D CADD design approach to increase visualization and

public education.

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In 1999, the Oden Water Association (OWA) upgraded its existing media filtration plant near the City of Sandpoint, Idaho, with membrane filtration technology. OWA experienced relatively trouble-free operation of its 0.86-mgd direct filtration plant for nearly 10 years. When the Association replaced its existing membranes in 2008, it expected another 10 years of trouble-free operation.

However, the replacement membranes experienced severe integrity failures and degraded filtered water quality after only 13 months of service. The membrane modules were sold to OWA with a limited 12-month warranty and were deemed ineligible for warranty replacement by the manufacturer. After evaluating three alternatives for membrane system rehabilitation and module replacement, OWA elected to redesign their membrane racks to provide module interchangeability. This custom rehabilitation provided several benefits including:

! Infrastructure Reuse. The "surgical" rehabilitation kept key plant elements intact, reducing costs.

! Maintaining Plant Production During Construction. The selected rehabilitation approach significantly reduced construction costs. Competing alternatives, including pre-engineered package systems, required wholesale replacement of the existing process piping and temporary filtration systems to meet system demands during construction.

! Long-Term Reliability. The membrane racks are designed for interchangeability, allowing the OWA the flexibility to bid future membrane module replacements.

Project elements:

! Open platform ultrafiltration system design provides membrane module interchangeability and long-term membrane module cost control.

! Redundancy added in filtration capacity and ancillary systems.

! Re-engineered the membrane cleaning strategy reduced residuals production by 50 percent.

! New, custom engineered membrane clean in place system with a higher degree of automation increases operator safety.

! Improved backwash hydraulic controls to reduce membrane fiber breaks and improve backwash efficiency.

ODEN WATER ASSOCIATION, SANDPOINT, IDAHO

Membrane Filtration Plant Rehabilitation

A custom approach to providing an “open platform” a.k.a.

“universal rack.” Redesigned headers allowing straight

forward membrane module interchangeability.

Custom engineered rehabilitation that is cost

competitive with proprietary pre-engineered systems.

Delivered with separate system and membrane module suppliers, allowing for a high degree of customization in the rack design, process capabilities, and system

integration.

Pilot testing waiver given by state, based on conservative design flux selection for new

membrane modules and previous plant operating history.

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Before rehabilitation

After rehabilitation

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The existing wastewater treatment plant at the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Deuel Vocational Institution (DVI) was not meeting the permit requirements for California Title 22 effluent. Furthermore, the existing facility was not protected from inundation caused by a 100-year flood event, as was required in its discharge permit. Carollo completed a facility planning effort that determined that it was more economical to build a new facility in a location that would be protected from flooding than to upgrade and protect the existing WWTP. It was determined that a new facility would be more cost effective, and the MBR process was selected for its high treatment potential and its small footprint.

This project featured the unique approach of developing a flexible MBR WWTP design that would accommodate at least two vendors’ membrane systems through a general contractor procurement process. Unlike most projects where the membrane vendor is selected prior to completion of detailed design and construction documents, Carollo worked closely with the named vendors to develop a universal design that accommodated the varied approaches preferred by the individual vendors. Contractors were then able to bring the best value to the DVI facility for implementation through the competitive bidding process.

Carollo completed design and construction of the new 0.7-mgd wastewater treatment facility, which included:

! New headworks with coarse screening, influent pumping, fine screening, and grit removal.

! Sodium bicarbonate silo for alkalinity adjustment.

! Two aeration tanks and a sludge storage tank.

! Mixed liquor waste activated sludge pump station.

! Four MBR tanks with permeate pumps.

! Effluent disinfection using medium pressure, in-vessel UV lamps.

! Effluent cooling towers operating intermittently to reduce effluent temperature to meet receiving water requirements set by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).

! Solids handling accomplished utilizing aerobic digestion and mechanical dewatering with belt filter presses.

! New support facilities.

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION

Deuel Vocational Institution Wastewater Treatment Plant

California Title 22 MBR wastewater treatment plant.

New WWTP constructed on fill pad above 100-year flood.

Climber type coarse bar screens and shaftless screw screenings

conveyors.

Submersible influent pump station.

Mechanically induced vortex grit removal.

Drum type 2-mm fine screens (MBR pretreatment).

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DVI’s existing WWTP was subject to

flood inundation and lacked the treatment

capability to comply with stringent

discharge requirements issued by the

RWQCB. Carollo prepared an economic

analysis that determined that a new MBR

facility provided the best alternative for

mitigating the flood risk and meeting

all of the effluent criteria. Carollo was

retained for facility planning, design, and

construction management for the new

MBR facility, which met all effluent criteria

including stringent salt and nutrient limits,

receiving water temperature impacts, and

California Toxics Rule constituents.

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The Carollo design team used 3D

visualization tools to convey design

concepts to Community stakeholders.

Carollo designed the needed infrastructure to support

the Ak-Chin Indian Community's plans for future residential,

commercial, and industrial development.

The Ak-Chin Indian Community (Community) retained Carollo for the planning, design and construction administration of a $46-million capital improvements project. The goal of the project was to provide advanced water and wastewater system capacity for future community development.

Carollo served as the lead design engineer for the complex project consisting of a new water reclamation facility, new surface water treatment plant, and miles of water, wastewater, and reclaimed water pipelines.

The capital improvements project included the following key elements:

! Planning, design, permitting, and construction administration for a new 0.6-mgd water reclamation facility (1.2 mgd ultimate), as well as a series of collection system and reclaimed water system improvements.

! Production of Class A+ reclaimed water for unrestricted use.

! Use of treatment process options including MBR technology; influent pumping; fine rotary drum screens; multiple zone activated sludge basins; built-in flow equalization; submerged membranes and in-vessel, low pressure disinfection modules.

! Planning, design, permitting, and construction for a new 2.25-mgd membrane filtration surface water treatment plant.

! CMAR alternative project delivery method.

! Vulnerability assessment and security master plan.

! PLC and SCADA programming services.

! Use of 3D visualization tools to communicate design concepts, meet critical schedule and budget constraints, and facilitate stakeholders understanding.

Carollo completed the project on a fast-tracked schedule to accommodate funding availability and the planned expansion of the Harrah’s Ak-Chin Casino.

New 0.6-mgd WRF designed to produce class A+ reclaimed

water for unrestricted use.

Stakeholder workshops for design selection.

Complete SCADA services.

Winner of the Bentley "Be Inspired" Innovations in Water

and Wastewater Treatment Grand Award in 2010 and the Arizona Water Association's

Wastewater Project of the Year Award in 2012.

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AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY, MARICOPA, ARIZONAWater and Wastewater Capital Improvements Project

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Carollo led the effort to conduct a membrane pilot study for the Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy (MWDSLS). The purpose of the study was to evaluate three potential treatment trains at the 70-mgd Point of the Mountain WTP to determine the most cost-efficient arrangements of unit processes to allow the facility to meet all current and potential federal and state drinking water regulations.

Planning studies conducted by MWDSLS had identified the need to construct a new WTP at the Point of the Mountain site in southern Salt Lake County. The raw water source is the Provo River, with water delivered through the Provo Reservoir Canal and/or the Jordan Aqueduct. The plant's design incorporates features to treat water supplied by both delivery systems.

A detailed evaluation of alternatives resulted in selecting three process trains for the study. In addition to the pilot-scale studies, Carollo also conducted bench-scale treatment evaluations.

The three process trains included:

! Treatment Train No. 1 – Conventional pretreatment (chemical addition, rapid mix, flocculation, and sedimentation) following by microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes.

! Treatment Train No. 2 – Presedimentation (raw water storage) followed by MF/UF, followed by granular activated carbon.

! Treatment Train No. 3 – Conventional pretreatment followed by ozonation, biologically active filters, and UV disinfection.

Carollo did not pilot UV disinfection as part of this project; however, a pilot study on the same source water conducted at the Utah Valley WTP provided valuable information used by the team to assess the desirability of using UV for disinfection.

The Carollo Team tested three MF/UF membrane systems in process Train No. 1 and a fourth system in Train No. 2.

Results of this study indicated that low-pressure membrane technologies could be used for large WTPs.

METROPOLITAN WATER DISTRICT OF SALT LAKE AND SANDY, UTAH

Point of the Mountain Pilot Study

Carollo evaluated membrane filtration of raw feed water

and pretreated feed water along with conventional

treatment processes.

A custom-built

data acquisition

and control system

helped manage

the data generated

in the pilot study

at the Point of the

Mountain WTP.

Extensive pilot testing study of three potential treatment trains.

Basis of design for 70-mgd membrane plant.

Innovative decision-making process used to select the final

process train.

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Under the Water Research Foundation Tailored Collaboration Program, Carollo investigated the feasibility of a large-scale membrane retrofit of the Kansas City, Missouri, Water Services Department’s (KCMWSD) 240-mgd lime softening and filtration facility. The goal of the study was to use KCMWSD as a case study to document issues associated with retrofitting membrane filtration into granular media filtration facilities greater than 50 mgd.

The retrofit evaluation focused on three specific retrofit strategies that included submerged, proprietary pressure-driven, and custom-designed membrane systems. Carollo tested an inside-to-outside (I/O) pressure-driven membrane system; a custom-designed, outside-to-inside (O/I) pressure-driven membrane; and a vacuum-driven immersed membrane system at the KCMWSD plant. The I/O membrane featured high permeability and a similarity of operating characteristics to other I/O systems, offering the potential for competitive bidding of replacement modules. The custom-designed O/I membrane featured operation simplicity, as well as a high- fiber packing density and active membrane surface area per module, making it amenable to low flux applications. The immersed membrane system featured high fiber packing density as well as potential operation within the existing upstream hydraulic grade line.

Following the pilot study, Carollo developed conceptual membrane system layouts to maintain water production and to fit within the limits of the existing filter gallery. Carollo investigated two different retrofit strategies for the pressure-driven membrane systems. These included operating the membrane process within the existing upstream hydraulic grade line (eliminating the need for feed pumps) and a pumped feed water configuration. Both options proved feasible for the custom-designed O/I membrane, while only a higher flux, pumped feed water configuration was viable for the I/O membrane. Lower flux, gravity-driven filtration of the I/O system was not feasible due to site footprint constraints. In parallel, Carollo reviewed the retrofit strategy for the submerged system. To further reduce costs and minimize the system footprint, Carollo evaluated using the high-service pumps currently in used for backwashing the granular media filters as membrane backwash pumps, and utilizing the existing waste washwater handling infrastructure.

WATER RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, WATER SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Large-Scale Membrane Feasibility Study

Carollo's custom membrane pilot unit was instrumental in

KCMWSD's large-scale membrane feasibility study. The

unit's design allows it to be equipped with membrane

modules from various manufacturers.

Evaluation of retrofit of KCMWSD 240-mgd lime

softening and granular media filtration plant with membrane

filtration.

Demonstrated feasibility of membrane filtration at driving heads equal to those used in

granular media filtration.

Extremely cost-effective alternative for membrane

applications.

HIG

HL

IGH

TS

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In collaboration with a consortium of Missouri River water utilities, Carollo evaluated membrane technologies for treatment of Missouri River water.

The project involved pilot testing of UF combined with powdered activated carbon as a filtration process for lime softened water to address pathogen removal, DBP control, and agricultural herbicides, such as atrazine. The team also evaluated nanofiltration (NF) as a final treatment process using various pretreatments including conventional flocculation/sedimentation/granular media filtration and UF.

This study was the first application of membrane technologies in a lime softening process and has provided the participating utilities with new options for meeting future regulations with a cost-competitive alternative to ozone and biological filtration.

A second study evaluated the direct treatment of Missouri River water using an innovative UF/NF combined process, which utilized an immersed UF system with the in-line addition of a coagulant without settling. NF provided a polishing treatment to address hardness, DBP, precursors, and atrazine removal. Process operation was optimized to achieve a frequency of less than one membrane cleaning per month. In all, this study indicated that membrane technologies could be used to treat challenging surface water supplies with limited pretreatment.

WATER RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND MISSOURI RIVER WATER UTILITIES

Membrane Technology Research and Demonstration

Carollo worked with a consortium of Missouri River water utilities

to demonstrate that membrane technologies could be used to treat

challenging surface water supplies.

Pilot testing of membrane systems as an alternative to

ozone and biological filtration.

First demonstration for using UF and MF technologies as

a polishing treatment in lime softening plants in the U.S.

Instrumental in preparing participating agencies to meet

anticipated drinking water regulations.

HIG

HL

IGH

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The Orange County Water District and the Orange County Sanitation District have formed a Groundwater Replenishment System Joint Committee. In 1998, the Committee approved a project to evaluate an integrated treatment process using membrane and anaerobic processes to treat wastewater and produce a high-quality effluent for recharge into the Orange County Groundwater Basin.

The investigations evaluated the performance of a simple novel process scheme proposed by Carollo to produce high-quality reusable water (in excess of California Title 22 standards) from primary treated wastewater. Basically, the process train involves a two-step membrane process integrated with a high-rate anaerobic digestion step, called the IMANS® process. Primary effluent is treated by MF in a non-biological step, followed by RO to produce a high-quality water for reuse or groundwater injection. The 18-month pilot test proved the technical feasibility of the treatment approach.

The Orange County Sanitation District proceeded with further testing of the process on a larger scale. A 0.3-mgd MF plant has been in operation since January 2002 as part of the MF demonstration project.

ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

IMANS® Pilot Plant and Microfiltration Demonstration Projects

IMANS® is an innovative two-step

membrane process integrated with a high-

rate anaerobic digestion step. The control

panel (top) and submerged MF membrane

unit (right) are shown here.

Bridged the gap between research and innovative engineering solutions.

Novel process proposed by Carollo to produce reusable water from primary treated wastewater with quality in excess of California Title 22

standards.

HIG

HL

IGH

TS

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The Carollo Research Group (CRG), founded in 1997, provides research, process evaluation, and plant optimization services. Membrane engineers associated with the CRG are involved early in the process for projects where low-pressure membrane filtration is being considered. Their involvement ranges from membrane validation and feasibility evaluations to pilot protocol development and pilot testing. It includes development of procurement documents as well. But their involvement doesn’t stop there; it continues through design, construction, startup, and a monitored test period.

Through CRG’s work with associations such as the Water Research Foundation and our clients who operate membrane treatment plants, we have had the opportunity to conduct studies at many full-scale facilities. It has been this experience with testing and research at full-scale facilities that has given Carollo a better understanding of operations, maintenance, and performance issues specific to low-pressure membrane facilities.

Lessons learned from this experience allow Carollo to develop approaches that incorporate the nuances of the many unique proprietary membrane systems available, and to assist our clients in selection and procurement of the best membrane systems for their applications.

MeMbrAne PILot testIng In sUPPort of MeMbrAne ProcUreMent

Membrane pilot testing is required in many applications in order to gain regulatory approval and assess performance characteristics. While a wide range of operating conditions are viable, the goal of

Carollo applies state-of-the-art risk

management to control risks inherent in

innovative technologies.

risk DescriptionImpact

chance of occurrencePolymer Used in Membrane Pretreatment high Medium Low

high-Density Polymer carry-over could Permanently foul the Membranes

severe XMedium

Mild

objective Probabilities

subjective Probabilities

Perfect Info

risk Uncertainty

total Ignorance

40t e s t i n g a n d o p t i m i z a t i o n c a p a b i l i t i e sV:\C

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ddpilot testing in terms of performance is to select operating conditions that provide a balance between low capital and O&M costs and long-term system performance. Among the system characteristics that are included in pilot evaluations are:

! Separation and disinfection capabilities.

! Flux and fouling.

! Membrane integrity and integrity system sensitivity.

! Recovery.

! Cleaning strategies.

! Quantity and quality of chemical residuals.

CRG’s involvement in pilot tests from municipal clients and research organizations has provided Carollo with intimate knowledge of the many unique and proprietary low-pressure membrane systems available. This experience allows Carollo and our clients to develop selection criteria that meet the particular constraints of any given project. This work also provides Carollo with opportunities to test new and innovative membrane products, assess their capabilities, validate them, and bring innovative solutions to our clients.

MeMbrAne treAtMent Process DesIgn In sUPPort of PLAnt DesIgn

Carollo membrane engineers are not only process experts, they are also knowledgeable in detailed design. They can manage the entire design of the plant (e.g., Hemet Water Filtration Plant), design the membrane room (e.g., South Truckee Meadows Water Treatment Facility), assist with the process mechanical design of the membrane system (e.g., Agua Viva Water Treatment Facility), or review the detailed design (e.g., City of Modesto, Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Project, Phase 2).

The Carollo approach – unique in the industry – takes into account attention to details, which is key for the design of a sound and user-friendly low-pressure membrane plant.

MeMbrAne PLAnt stArtUP In sUPPort of constrUctIon

Carollo membrane engineers support the project until the operators take ownership of the facilities. By doing so, they enhance their process and design expertise with practical operation experience. Their support includes, but is not limited to, startup coordination, operation plan and O&M manual writeup, approval of the facility by the primary agency, and supervision of the performance test period and the monitored test period. They may be hired as third-party startup coordinator as for the City of Lodi Membrane WTP, CA.

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p u b l i c a t i o n s

seLect LoW-PressUre MeMbrAne PUbLIcAtIons – Peer-reVIeWeD1 Roquebert, V.J., Hugaboom, D., Avera, R., and Dotinga, J. “Maximizing Site Production at the Hemet

Membrane Filtration Plant in California.” WaterWorld Magazine – Membrane Supplement, April 2009.

2 Sethi, S., Xu, P. and Drewes, J.E. “When Less is More: Emerging Approaches for Minimizing Concentrate Generation and Increasing Recovery Rates During Desalination of Brackish Water.” ASCE Civil Engineering, Volume 77, Number 9, September 2007.

3 Mi, B., Mariñas, B.J., Curl, J., Sethi, S., Crozes, G., and Hugaboom, D. “Microbial Passage in Low Pressure Membrane Elements with Compromised Integrity,” Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 39, No. 11. June 2005.

4 Sethi, S., Crozes, G.F., Hugaboom, D.A., Mi, B., Curl, J., and Marinas, B. “Assessment and Development of Low-Pressure Membrane Integrity Monitoring Tools,” American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Report Number 91032, Denver, CO. 2004.

5 Malmrose, P., Lozier, J., Marie, J., Mickley, M., Reiss, R., Russell, J.S., Schaefer, J., Sethi, S., and Worley, J.L. “Joint Committee Report – Residuals Management for Low Pressure Membranes,” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Volume 95, No. 6. June 2003.

6 Crozes, G.F., Espenan, J.M., Hugaboom, D.A., Seacord, T.F., and Roquebert, V.J. “New Options for Achieving Regulatory Compliance with Low-Pressure Membranes,” Journal of Desalination. 2002.

7 Sethi, S., and Juby, G.J.G. “Microfiltration of Primary Effluent for Clarification and Microbial Removal,” Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, Volume 19, No. 6. 2002.

8 Seacord, T.F., Crozes, G.F., Frank, K.F., and Hill, G. “Membrane Replacement: Realizing the Benefit of Low Pressure RO in Existing Infrastructure.” In AWWA Trends in Water Series – Membrane Practices in Water Treatment. Edited by J. Duranceau. 2001.

9 Sethi, S., Wiesner, M.R., and Dennis, J.E. “Optimization of Hollow-Fiber Design and Low-Pressure Membrane System Operation,” Journal of Environmental Engineering. Volume 172. June 2001.

10 Sethi, S., and Wiesner M. “Cost Model for Low-Pressure Membrane Processes.” In AWWA Trends in Water Series – Membrane Practices for Water Treatment. Edited by S. Duranceau. 2001.

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seLect LoW-PressUre MeMbrAne PUbLIcAtIons/PresentAtIons – other1 Roquebert, V.J., Hugaboom, D., Carlson, P., Ghaderi, K., Dotinga, J. “Three Years of Operation at the

Hemet Membrane Filtration Plant.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association Annual Conference and Exposition, San Diego, CA, July 12-15, 2010.

2 Roquebert, V.J., Hugaboom, D. “Procurement of Membrane Equipment: Proprietary should not mean Uniformity.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Membrane Technology Conference and Exposition, Memphis, TN, March 15-18, 2009.

3 Briggs, A., Britten, M., Pratt, J., Wing, D., “Oxidation Ditch-Membrane Bio Reactor Combination Saves Time and Money for the City of Modesto”. Presentation at the California Water Environment Association Annual Conference, Sacramento, CA, April 13-16, 2008.

4 Sethi, S. “Overview of Concentrate Management Technologies.” Paper presented at the 2008 Salinity Summit of the Multi-State Salinity Coalition, Las Vegas, NV, January 17-18, 2008.

5 Hugaboom, D. “Evaluation of MF/UF Technology on the Nooksack River for Drinking Water Production.” Paper presented at the Pacific Northwest Section of the American Water Works Association 2008 Annual Conference, Vancouver, WA, January 15-17, 2008.

6 Sethi, S. “Concentrate Minimization and Zero Liquid Discharge.” Paper presented at the Water Desalination and Waste Minimization Seminar conducted and sponsored by the South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, July 12, 2007.

7 Sethi, S., Xu, P. and Drewes, J.E. “New Desalination Configurations and Technologies for Recovery Increase and Concentrate Minimization.” Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007 (ASCE) and Environment and Water Resources Institute), Tampa, FL, May 15-19 2007.

8 Sethi, S., Juby, G., Li, S., Zacheis, A., Mulvihill, T., Standard, B., Morquecho, R., Krieger, C., and Scriven, D. 2007. “Inland Brackish Water Desalination: Feasibility Study Evaluates Alternatives and Develops a Zero-Liquid-Discharge Solution.” Proceedings of the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 2007

9 Yallaly, B.C., Seacord, T., Kalkman, T. “Meeting Criteria for Water and Wastewater Systems Simultaneously Using Reverse Osmosis and Zero Liquid Discharge Technology.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2007 Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, 2007.

10 Yallaly, B.C., Seacord, Tom, Messner, Steve. “Demineralization of High Salinity Brackish Groundwater using Seawater Technology.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2007 Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, 2007.

11 Carlson, P., Roquebert, V., Hugaboom, D., Arndt, T., and Dotinga, J. “Obtaining Regulatory Approval for High Recovery Design and Operation of a 10 mgd Ultrafiltration Membrane Plant.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2007 Membrane Technology Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, 2007.

12 Yallaly, B.C. “Abilene Pilot Study.” Paper presented at the South Central Membrane Association Technology Transfer Workshop: Piloting Membrane Facilities with Hands-On Training in Membrane Operations, February 22, 2007.

13 Yallaly, B.C. “Budgeting Pilot Plant Studies.” Paper presented at the South Central Membrane Association Technology Transfer Workshop: Piloting Membrane Facilities with Hands-On Training in Membrane Operations, February 21, 2007.

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14 Sethi, S., Cushing, R.S., and Brown, J. “Visioning the Future of Desalination.” Paper presented at the of the Florida Section American Water Works Association 2006 Conference, Orlando, FL, November 26-30, 2006.

15 Zacheis, G.A., Sethi, S., Juby, G., Tasser, C., and Mortazavi, B. “Approaches to Brine Minimization and Piloting for Inland Desalination Plants.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2006 Biennial Conference and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, July 30, 2006.

16 Carlson, P. “Bromide Removal Using MIEX and Ceramic Membranes.” Paper presented at the American Water Works Association Annual Conference and Exposition, San Antonio, TX, June 11-15, 2006.

17 Hugaboom, D.A., Sethi, S., and Carlson. P. “Strategies for Indirect Low Pressure Membrane Integrity Monitoring.” Poster presentation at the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16. 2005.

18 Hugaboom, D.A., Brown, J.C., and Crozes, G.F. “Retrofitting Granular Media Filter Infrastructure with Low-Pressure Membranes: Costs, Layouts & Design Considerations.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16. 2005.

19 Hugaboom, D.A. “Integrating Membrane Treatment in Large Water Utilities: Investigating Treatment, Construction, and Cost.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16. 2005.

20 Hugaboom, D.A., Straub, A., and Blattman, J. “Membrane Separation of Ion Exchange Resin: A Novel Approach to NOM Removal.” Poster presented at the American Water Works Association 2005 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, March 6-9, 2005.

21 Hugaboom, D.A., Meyerhofer, J.A. Roquebert, V.J., Best, G., Arndt, T., and Ghaderi, K. “Design of a High Recovery, LT2 Compliant, Low Pressure Membrane Filtration System for the Eastern Municipal Water.” Poster presented at the American Water Works Association 2005 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, March 6-9, 2005.

22 Hugaboom, D.A., Brown, J.C., and Reddy, J. “Alternatives for Retrofitting Granular Media Filter Infrastructure for Low-Pressure Membrane: Costs, Layouts, and Design Considerations.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2005 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Phoenix, AZ, March 6-9, 2005.

23 Hugaboom, D.A. “Fundamentals of Low-Pressure (MF/UF) Membrane Filtration.” Paper presented at the South Carolina Section of the American Water Works Association 11th Annual Southeastern Regional Technology Transfer Conference, Greenville, SC, January 25-27, 2005.

24 Sethi, S. “Membrane Integrity Monitoring of MF/UF Processes with Focus on Real Dilution Effects.” Paper presented at the Membrane Filtration Congress of the Aquatech 2004 Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29 - October 1, 2004.

25 Brown, J.C., Hugaboom, D.A., Crozes, G.F., and Alibert, B. “Retrofitting Large Water Utilities with Low-Pressure Membranes: Investigating Treatment, Construction, and Cost.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2003 Water Quality Technology Conference, Philadelphia, PA, November 2-5, 2003.

26 Sethi, S., Crozes, G.F., Hugaboom, D.A., Mi, B., Curl, J., and Marinas, B. “Evaluation of Integrity Monitoring Methods from Full-Scale and Microbial Challenge Testing for Low-Pressure Membrane Systems.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2003 Water Quality Technology Conference, Philadelphia, PA, November 2-5, 2003.

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27 Juby, G.J.G., Sethi, S., Brown, J.P., and Torres, E.M. “Demonstration Testing of Microfiltration for Microbial Reduction for Ocean Discharge.” Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 76th Annual Technical Conference & Exposition, Los Angeles, CA, October 11-15, 2003.

28 Crozes, G.F. “Moving Towards Standardization of Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration: Will it Change the Way We Procure?” Paper presented at the Intermountain Section of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference, Jackson Hole, WY, September 15-17, 2003.

29 Roquebert, V.J., Marshall, M.R., and Thomas, M. “Installation of Low-Pressure Membranes into an Existing Water Treatment Facility.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, June 15-19, 2003.

30 Hugaboom, D.A., Cleveland, C.T., Raczko, B., and Moughamian, M. “DAF Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration: Cost and Water Quality Implications.” Paper presented at the Pacific Northwest Section of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference, Boise, ID, May 13-15, 2003.

31 Zacheis, G.A., and Juby, G.J.G. “Non-Biological Microfiltration of Primary Effluent.” Paper presented at the Nevada Water Environment Association Membranes in Wastewater Treatment Conference, Crystal Bay, NV, May 2, 2003.

32 Roquebert, V.J., Marshall, M.R., Hugaboom, D.A., and Thomas, M. “Retrofit of Existing Conventional Treatment Process with Membrane Ultrafiltration Process.” Proceedings of the American Water Works 2003 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Atlanta, GA, March 2-5, 2003.

33 Hugaboom, D.A., Rosenbeck, G., and Pappathopoulos, W. “Leveraging Supplier Experience for Low-Pressure Membrane Procurement: The Two Rivers (WI) Experience.” Poster presentation at the American Water Works Association 2003 Bi-Annual Membrane Technology Conference, Atlanta, GA, March 2-5, 2003.

34 Roquebert, V.J., and Crozes, G.F. “Identifying and Resolving Key Design Considerations for Integration of Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration and Lime Softening.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2002 Biennial Conference, Tampa, FL, August 6-9, 2002, and the International Water Association 2002 Annual Conference, Mulheim/Ruhr, Germany, September 22-26, 2002.

35 Sethi, S., Crozes, G.F., Hugaboom, D.A., Mi, B., Curl, J., and Marinas, B. “MF/UF Membrane Integrity Monitoring Methods.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2002 Biennial Conference, Tampa, FL, August 6-9, 2002.

36 Cleveland, C.T., Hugaboom, D.A., Raczko, B., and Moughamian, M. “DAF Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration: Cost and Water Quality Implications.” Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association 2002 Biennial Conference, Tampa, FL, August 6-9, 2002.

37 Crozes, G.F., Espenan, J.M., Hugaboom, D.A., Seacord, T.F., and Roquebert, V.J. “New Options for Achieving Regulatory Compliance with Low-Pressure Membranes.” Poster presented at the International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Process 2002 Annual Conference, Toulouse, France, July 7-12, 2002.

38 Sethi, S., Juby, G.J.G., Schuler, P.J., and Holmes, L. “Microbial Removal Using Microfiltation for Direct Discharge and Reuse Applications. Paper presented at the California Water Environment Association 2002 Annual Conference, Sacramento, CA, April 2-5, 2002.

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39 Hugaboom, D.A., Roquebert, V., Crozes, G., Seacord, T., and Mahady, J. “Retrofit of Existing Granular Media Filters with Ultrafiltration Membrane.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Water Quality Technology Conference, Nashville, TN, November 11-15, 2001.

40 Roquebert, V., Crozes, G.F., Seacord, T.F., and Mahady, J. “Retrofit of Existing Granular Media Filters with Ultrafiltration Membrane.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 4-7, 2001.

41 Roquebert, V., Crozes, G.F., Farver, B.T., and S. Luzie. “Alternative MF/UF Membranes with Chemical Aid for TOC Removal.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 4-7, 2001.

42 Seacord, T.F., Crozes, G.F., Frank, K.F., and Hill, G. “Membrane Replacement: Realizing the Benefit of Low Pressure RO in Existing Infrastructure.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2001 Membrane Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 4-7, 2001.

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UsmapWaterProj-CoProf-Blue.ai (Text list for this map is on V:\CompanySOQs\GeneralWtr&WWSOQ\Sections\03WtrTreatment\CaliforniaWaterMap.doc)

Carollo has engineered water

and wastewater projects

across the country.

WATER AND WASTEWATER EXPERTS

Carollo is an environmental engineering firm specializing in the planning, design, and construction of water and wastewater facilities and infrastructure. Carollo’s reputation is based upon client service, a continual commitment to quality, and technical leadership.

During our 82-year history, Carollo has successfully completed more than 20,000 projects for public sector clients. Carollo is currently ranked within Engineering News Record's (ENR) top 500 design firms. More importantly, ENR’s annual Source Book ranks Carollo among the top 20 firms for water and wastewater treatment plant design. Unlike many of our competitors, Carollo provides only water and wastewater engineering services.

With our focus on water and wastewater, we recruit nationwide and hire technical staff who have the extensive background and training specific to this field. For that reason, the quality and professional standing of our core group of water and wastewater professionals equals or exceeds that provided by some of the largest engineering firms in the U.S.

Resources

Carollo’s staff numbers more than 700 employees,

including more than 325 registered engineers. We are a

full-service water and wastewater engineering company with

the experience and qualified professionals to successfully manage

projects of any size. Our staff includes civil, sanitary, electrical, environmental,

mechanical, chemical, structural, instrumentation, and corrosion control engineers, as well as

architects, planners and specialists in other areas. These individuals perform work solely on water and wastewater related facilities.

Carollo is currently

ranked within Engineering

News Record's top 500 design

firms . . . ENR's annual

Source Book ranks Carollo

among the top 20 firms

for water and wastewater

treatment plant design.

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Carollo’s state-of-the-art computer network

allows us to effectively communicate

between offices and interface with almost any

engineering software on the market today.

MAnAgeMent PhILosoPhyCarollo’s management philosophy and the success of our company are founded on simple precepts:

! Seek out, hire, and hold onto the best people in the business. Carollo aggressively recruits the top candidates from the leading engineering schools across the country. We train and mentor these engineers to become the next generation of leaders for Carollo and the industry. This long-term commitment to developing excellent engineers has resulted in a depth of talent unmatched by other consulting firms.

! Specialize in the planning, design, and construction management of water and wastewater projects. This is our business. Our success hinges solely upon our ability to provide responsive service to our municipal clients.

! Commit our principals to an active role in every project. This provides our clients with top management interest, clear accountability, responsiveness, and talent – and helps ensure that the necessary staff and resources are committed to each assignment.

! Focus on client service. Carollo knows the value of listening to our clients and recognizes that successful projects result from the combined expertise of our staff and the client’s staff. This commitment to understanding client needs and valuing their input is one of the cornerstones of Carollo’s success.

forMULA for sUccess

Much of our success as an industry leader is based on our ability to offer advanced solutions that are practical, affordable, and reliable. We strive to maximize the use of existing infrastructure whenever possible, promote environmental conservation, and make the best technologies available at a competitive cost.

A major factor in maintaining Carollo's ability to integrate new technology is the Carollo Research Group (CRG). The relationship between our design engineers and the CRG is unique in the industry and serves as a company-wide resource for evaluating water quality and treatability data, performing pilot studies, developing design criteria, tailoring design solutions to water quality issues, and addressing regulatory compliance concerns.

Our firm takes pride in the large number of clients with whom we have maintained continuing working relationships. We have worked with some clients for more than 70 years – a clear indication of the quality of our work, our control of costs, and our ability to meet schedules. This dedication to quality has resulted in a long list of successful projects and satisfied clients.

our client list includes the following:

! City of Phoenix, AZ

! East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, CA

! Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

! Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, CA

! City of San Diego, CA

! City and County of San Francisco, CA

! City of Sacramento, CA

! Miami-Dade County, FL

! Palm Beach County, FL

! Denver Water Department, CO

! Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, CO

! Kansas City, MO

! Clark County Water Reclamation District, NV

! Southern Nevada Water Authority, NV

! City of Arlington, TX

! City of Austin, TX

! Upper Trinity Regional Water District, TX

! King County, WA

carollo.com