low voltage dc power grid system and...
TRANSCRIPT
JL-1
Low voltage DC power grid system and applications
European R&D Project
by Ulrich Boeke
Direct Current Components +Grid
JL-2
Direct Current Components +Grid
by Ulrich Boeke
www.dcc-g.eu
European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council
Contents
1. Motivation
2. Comparison AC & DC
3. DC Sources
4. DC Loads
5. Test Beds
3. April 2014 Ulrich Boeke – Philips Research 3
5. Test Beds
6. Summary
Appendix
Climate Change
Hornkees, Zillertal
1905 2003
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S.4Gesellschaft für Ökologische Forschung e.V.
Quelle: www.gletscherarchiv.de
EC Directive on Energy Efficient Buildings
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Net Zero Energy Building – with AC Grid
3. April 2014 Ulrich Boeke – Philips Research 66Photo: Marché Restaurants Schweiz AG
Contents
1. Motivation
2. Comparison AC & DC
3. DC Sources
4. DC Loads
5. Test Beds
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5. Test Beds
6. Summary
Appendix
Buildings with 3-phase AC Grid
9 % Losses in
• Rectifier
• Cables
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• Cables
• Solar inverter
Buildings with 2-phase DC Grid
2 % Losses in
• Cables
• Solar converter
4 % Losses in• Cables• Solar converter
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DC Voltage Range• 1-Phase: 360 V�400 V• 2-Phase: 720 V�800 V
Contents
1. Motivation
2. Comparison AC & DC
3. DC Sources
4. DC Loads
5. Test Beds
3. April 2014 Ulrich Boeke – Philips Research 10
5. Test Beds
6. Summary
Appendix
Emerson Network Power
2 controllers
Rect. AC input breaker
Main AC switch
2x DC br. for Solar
6x DC breakersNetSure™ 400 V DC Power System
• Output: ± 380 V DC
• Power: 30 kW ... 90 kW
• Solar MPPT: 15 kW or 30 kW
• 6x output circuit breakers 6-63A
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2...6x 15kW rectifier
2 controllers+380V, -380V
• 6x output circuit breakers 6-63A
• 1 AC input switch
1...2x SolarMPPT
Parallux® Solar Micro Converter
• 300 W Solar MPPT Converter
• PV module integration
• Higher system efficiency
• Reduced impact of partial shading
Heliox B.V.
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• Reduced impact of partial shading
• No string configuration anymore
Micro Turbine Technology B.V.
micro Combined Heat & Power
• 3 kW electric output
• 15 kW thermal output
• Power modulation 50 % - 100 %
• Multi-fuel: Natural & Bio Gas,
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• Multi-fuel: Natural & Bio Gas,
LPG, Heating Oil
Contents
1. Motivation
2. Comparison AC & DC
3. DC Sources
4. DC Loads
5. Test Beds
3. April 2014 Ulrich Boeke – Philips Research 14
5. Test Beds
6. Summary
Appendix
Stream Semi-Hermetic Piston Compressors
• Industrial & Commercial medium (MT) and low temperature (LT) refrigeration
• Speed controlled PM motors
Emerson Climate Technology & BRNO University of Technology
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PWM
+380VDC
DC
DC
L+
M
L-
L1
L2
L3
N -380VDC
N
L1AC Loads
PE
PE PE
RB
AC Grid
Transformer
Solar Power
LED Lighting
• Industry
• Warehouses
• Supermarkets
Philips Research
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MAXOS LED Industry Luminaire SmartBalance LED Office Luminaire
Mobillux® Electric Vehicle Charger
• Compact and lightweight charging system
• Power: up to 500 kW
• Charge current up to 1000 A
Heliox B.V.
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• Battery voltage: up to 750 V
Siemens AG
Sentron PAC 4200 Smart Meter System
• Monitoring AC and DC Power
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E-T-A GmbH & Infineon
Hydraulic-magnetic hybrid circuit breaker
• with remote on / off
• Nominal Voltage: 400 V DC
• Rated current range: 4@160 A
• Turn-off current range: 5 kA
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• Turn-off current range: 5 kA
InfineonSemiconductors
S1
S2
S3
Contents
1. Motivation
2. Comparison AC & DC
3. DC Sources
4. DC Loads
5. Test Beds
3. April 2014 Ulrich Boeke – Philips Research 20
5. Test Beds
6. Summary
Appendix
Philips Research
DC Micro Grid
SolarModules2 kWpk
AC Reference
MainsGrid230V~
SolarModules12 kWpk
MPP
Lighting Test Bed with AC and DC grid
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MPPConverter
54 LEDDC-Drivers + Lamps 37 Wdc
Rectifier
380V=
MPPConverter and PV inverter
230V~
18 LEDDrivers+ Lamps 39 Wac
Fraunhofer IISB
Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology
DCC+G Test Bed to compare AC and DC grid systems
• Emerson: Central rectifier & solar power tracker
• Emerson: Compressor units
• Heliox: PV module integrated MPP converter
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• Heliox: PV module integrated MPP converter
• Heliox: Electric vehicle charger
• SolCalor: Thermal electric collector & generator
• MTT: µ-Combined Heat Power (CHP) system
• Philips: Lighting installation
• E-T-A: DC hybrid safety switches
• Siemens: AC & DC Smart meters & monitoring system
• Technical University Eindhoven: DC grid stability analysis
Summary
DCC+G investigates a 2-phase ±380 V DC Power Grid
• Combination of DC Sources & DC Loads
• Fixed Installation
• Commercial Buildings
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Target
• To demonstrate energy savings of at least 5 %
by test bed operations
DCC+G Partner Contacts
• Siemens Corporate Technology: Dr. Roland Weiss, [email protected]
• DCC+G Project Manager
• Philips Research: Ulrich Boeke, [email protected]
• Emerson Network Power: Marek Szpek, [email protected]
• Emerson Climate Technology: Igor Majer, [email protected]
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• Heliox B.V.: Rudi Jonkman, [email protected]
• Micro Turbine Technology B.V.: Luc Hamilton, [email protected]
• e-t-a GmbH, Peter Meckler, [email protected]
• Fraunhofer IISB: Bernd Wunder, [email protected]
• Infineon: Wilhelm Maurer, [email protected]
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www.dcc-g.eu
Abstract
The 12 partners of the European R&D project “Direct Current Components +Grid”
(www.dcc-g.eu ) are investigating a ±380 V DC 2-phase grid as a more energy efficient
alternative to 400 V 3-phase AC grids. Almost all electric power consumers in commercial
buildings, e. g. lighting, IT-equipment, speed-controlled drives for building heating, cooling
and ventilation, as well as electricity sources such as photovoltaic and micro-CHP units
benefit from DC grids. The reduced number of DC/AC and AC/DC conversions holds a
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benefit from DC grids. The reduced number of DC/AC and AC/DC conversions holds a
potential for electric energy savings and the reduction of passive and active electronic
components. Another advantage compared to a conventional AC supply arises from the
possibility to halve the conductor cross-sections. That is a cost advantage and it saves on
the limited copper resources. The project partners are developing new semiconductor
components, protection modules and applications for DC grid supply. A joint test bed will
be installed and operated at the partner Fraunhofer Institute IISB in Erlangen, Germany.
2-Phase DC Grid
380 V DC Phase Voltage
� Slightly above the amplitude of the maximum AC phase voltage
� Lowest cost of central rectifiers
� Used in data centers & telecom
Comparison of Grids
V(t) / (Volt)
+380 VDC
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� Used in data centers & telecom EN 300 132-3-1 V2.1.1 (2012-02)
Grounding schemes
� Proposal: Equal grounding schemes for AC & DC grids before and after central rectifier, typical TN-S systems
� Standard: IEC 60364-1
T (ms)
-380 VDC
VAC(t) = 230 V ±10%
2-Phase, 4 conductor DC Grid Power Cable Options
1. In comparison with 5 conductor, 3-phase AC cables
1. 37 % more power at equal cable loss and equal copper cross section
2. 56 % lower cable loss at equal power
Comparison of Grids
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2. 56 % lower cable loss at equal power
3. 56 % less copper at equal power and cable loss as cost reduction
feature
44.0V380
V2308.0
2
3
V2
V3
R
R8.0
3
2
P
P22
Phase.DC
Phase.AC
conductor.AC
conductor.AC
AC.loss.Cable
DC.loss.Cable =
⋅⋅=
⋅
⋅⋅
⋅⋅=
PE
L3
L2
L1
NPE
M
+ -
PE
DC Cable
AC Cable
25
30
Comparison
� Utility rates for commercial customers in Germany consuming 2F20 Mio. kWh/year
• Solar power cost for systems with rated power 40 kWF1 MW
€ct/kWh Today
Solar power
Feature: Solar Power Cost
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0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2005 2010 2015
Utility rates
in Germany
Estimated future utility rates +4%/Year
Estimated solar power cost trend AC grid systemsDC grid systems
Low Voltage DC Power Systems
• 12 V@24 V: IT, solar powered lighting and water pumps
• 48 V: Telecom & Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) systems
• 110 V: Trains
• 220 V: Mission critical supply of industrial installations
• 200 V@400 V: Electric cars
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• 380 V: Data & telecom centers (EMerge Alliance Partners)
• 380 V & 760 V: DCC+G Project
• 600 V@800 V: Public transport (tram, underground)
• 300 V@1000 V: Solar power systems, typically 600 V@700 V DC
when feeding a 3-phase grid connected solar inverter
• 1000 V: DC power grids on ships including propulsion supply
References
� DCC+G Project: www.dcc-g.eu
� U. Boeke et al: Gleichstromnetze für kommerziell genutzte Gebäude,
http://www.elektroniknet.de/power/leistungswandler/artikel/100935/
� ENIAC: European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council, http://www.eniac.eu/web/projects/project_profiles.php
� European Community: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htm
� Marché Restaurants Schweiz AG: http://www.immofield.ch/immobilien/data/buerobauxmarche.pdf
� Beat Kaempfen: www.kaempfen.com/en/projects/newbuild/marche-international
� Emerson Network Power: 400 V DC Power, http://www.emersonnetworkpower.com/en-US/Brands/Netsure/ensys-
400v-dc/Pages/Default.aspx
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400v-dc/Pages/Default.aspx
� Emerson Climate Technology: Stream - The State Of The Art Semi-Hermetic Piston Technology,
http://www.emersonclimate.com/europe/ProductDocuments/CopelandLiterature/TSH137-EN-
1201_Stream_Broch_Final_LD_0.pdf
� Philips Outdoor Lighting with Solar Power: http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/application_areas/Solarlighting
� Philips Lighting using Power-over-Ethernet:
http://www.newscenter.philips.com/nl_nl/standard/about/news/press/20131212-philips-nieuw-intelligent-lichtsysteem-
voor-kantoren-laat-medewerkers-werkplek-personaliseren-en-beheren-via-smartphone-app.wpd#.UujM0fk1haQ
� Heliox: Discover safe, fast charging Electric Public Transport, http://www.heliox.nl/main/prod_cfc.html
� Siemens: Measuring Devices and Power Monitoring, http://w3.siemens.com/powerdistribution/global/EN/lv/product-
portfolio/sentron/measuring-devices-energy-monitoring/Pages/measuring-devices.aspx
� e-t-a: Photovoltaic product range, http://www.e-t-a.co.uk/news/news_from_e_t_a/new_photovoltaic_products/