lower limbfrolich, human anatomy, lower limb lower limb n skeleton (homologous with upper limb) n...
TRANSCRIPT
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Lower Limbn Skeleton (homologous with upper limb)n Muscles--anterior, posterior
compartmentsn Nerves--sciatic, femoraln Surface anatomy
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Tibia/fibula
n Tibia--big toe siden Fibula--little toe side(no pronation/supination)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Foot n Function:n Support weightn Act as lever when walking
n Tarsalsn Talus = ankle
• Between tibia + fibula• Articulates w/both
n Calcaneus = heel• Attachment for Calcaneal
tendon• Carries talus
n Metatarsalsn Homologous to metacarpals
n Phalangesn Smaller, less nimble
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Joints of Lower Limbn Hip (femur +
acetabulum)n Ball + socketn Multiaxialn Synovial
n Knee (femur + patella)n Plane n Gliding of patellan Synovial
n Knee (femur + tibia)n Hingen Biaxialn Synovial
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Joints of Lower Limb
n Proximal Tibia + Fibulan Planen Glidingn Synovial
n Distal Tibia + Fibulan Slight “give”n Fibrous
n Ankle (Tibia/Fibula + Talus)n Hingen Uniaxialn Synovial
pg 218
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Lower Limb Movementsn Hip
n Flexion/extensionn Abduction/adductionn Lateral/medial rotation
n Kneen Flexion/extension
n Anklen Dorsiflexion/plantarflexionn Inversion/eversion
n Toesn Flexion/extension
n Bending on posterior side is flexion (except hip)
n Bending on anterior sided is extension (except hip)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Anterior/Posterior compartments
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
MOVEMENT Extension Flexion
MUSCLES QuadsShin
HamstringsGastrocs
NERVES Femoral n.(lumbar plexus)
Sciatic n.(sacral plexus)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Posterior Thigh
n Gluts (gluteal nn.)n Maximus—extensor of thighn Medius--pelvic tilt
n Lateral rotators (spinal nn.)n Piriformis syndrome
n Hamstrings (sciatic n.)n Biceps femorisn Semimembranousn Semitendinous
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Anterior thigh (femoral n.)
n Sartorius (Tailor’s muscle)
n Quads (four)n Rectus femoris
(crosses hip)n 3 vastus mm.
(vast--big)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Medial compartment (obturator n.)
n Adductor musclesn Gracilisn Adductor
• Magnus• Longus• brevis
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Leg movements by compartment (in leg all nn are branches of sciatic)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Anterior Leg (deep fibular n.)
n Extensor digitorum longus
n Extensor hallicus longus
n Tibialis anteriorus
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Posterior Leg (tibial n.)
n Gastrocs and soleusn Flexor digitorum
longusn Flexor hallucus
longus
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
n Lumbar plexus (femoral nerve)
n Sacral plexus (sciatic nerve)
With leg out to side like quadruped, lumbar-anterior, sacral-posterior makes sense
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Blood supply to lower limb
n Internal Iliacn Cranial + Caudal Gluteals= glutealsn Internal Pudendal = perineum, external
genitalian Obturator = adductor muscles
n External Iliacn Femoral = lower limb
• Deep femoral = adductors, hamstrings, quadriceps
n Popliteal (continuation of femoral) • Geniculars = knee• Anterior Tibial = ant. leg muscles, further
branches to feet• Posterior Tibial = flexor muscles, plantar
arch, branches to toes
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Surface Anatomy: Posterior Pelvis
n Iliac crestn Gluteus maximus = cheeksn Natal/gluteal cleft = crackn Gluteal folds = bottom of cheek
pg 789
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Surface Anatomy: Anterior Thigh + Leg
n Palpaten Patellan Condyles of femur
n Femoral Trianglen Sartorius (lateral)n Adductor longus (medial)n Inguinal ligament
(superior)n Femoral a + v, lymph
nodespg 785
pg 792