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LP-1 (17 Feb 11)

• Introduction• What is a Proj?

• Why Project Mgmt?

• Growth of Proj Mgmt• Code of Ethics for the Proj Mgmt Profession

• Proj Management in Pakistan

• PMP Certification

• Proj Glossary (PMB! " Prince#$

• %ssignment &'

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Introduction

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P)EC* M%+%GEME+*

• Course Code: MGT 610

• Prerequisite: QTM !0

• Credit "ours: T#ree (!)• Cont$ct "ours: %& or !'

• *e+ester: %t#

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• *eaching Methodology: Inter$cti,e s.ides $nd

discussions

• Minimum Pr,sences-  /s er 2 Po.ic3 $ +ini+u+ o4&05 resence is essenti$. to $e$r in t#e e$+in$tion

• Course Pack- T#e Course P$c is $,$i.$b.e $t +3 o44ice

4or consu.t$tion b3 t#e students It cont$ins 4o..oin8

docu+ents:

 9  

• %ccess to the .aculty Mem/er 0 *eacher- T#e

students $re encour$8ed to discuss t#e subects '.essons it# +e $t +utu$. con,enience outside t#e

con,ention$. #ours T#e $ro$c# +ust re+$in ositi,e

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C12E 23+P2I2

• Proects $re beco+in8 +$or too. 4or i+.e+entin8 $nd$c#ie,in8 str$te8ic 8o$.s not on.3 in IT re.$ted sectors

but $.so in $ r$n8e o4 industries T#is course e.ores

conte+or$r3 issues in t#e t#eor3 $nd r$ctice o4 roect

+$n$8e+ent It $i+s to ro,ide students it# $n

oortunit3 to 4ind underst$nd or8$ni;e $nd critic$..3

e,$.u$te $nd inte8r$te rese$rc#-b$sed $nd r$ctitioner-

b$sed no.ed8e $ssoci$ted it# +$n$8in8 roects 3

t#e end o4 t#e course students +ust be $b.e underst$nd

$.. t#e di44erent di+ensions o4 roects $nd .oc$.i;e t#ere.e,$nt +et#ods $ro$c#es $nd too.s in order to

$d$t t#e+ to t#e seci4ic situ$tion o4 t#e roect

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B)EC*I4E2 0 5E%+I+G 1*CME2

• .e+ent$r3 no.ed8e re8$rdin8 se.ection criteri$ oti+$.

uti.i;$tion o4 resources e,$.u$tion o4 roect contro..in8 $nd$uditin8 o4 t#e roect(s)

 9 ?orin8 no.ed8e o4 M* roect

 9  /dequ$te $$reness o4 tec#niques $nd too.s inte8r$. to roect

+$n$8e+ent

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PE2CIBE6 B!

•  Tit.e o4 t#e boo: Proect M$n$8e+ent ---

 / M$n$8eri$. /ro$c# (6t# >d) 

• /ut#ors: @$c = Meredit# A*$+ue. @ M$nte. @r

•  /,$i.$b.e $t: M=

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7ui88es and %ssignments etc

•  /t .e$st qui;;es $nd $ssi8n+ents inc.udin8 oneresent$tion (Grou) T#e .$tter ou.d be se.ectedt#rou8# +utu$. consu.t$tion T#e toics +$3 inc.uderoects re.$ted to roducts $nd ser,ices #$,in8 beenundert$en recent.3 or in ro8ress in $nd $roundIs.$+$b$d

• T#e 8ener$. 8uide.ines  4or /ssi8n+ents ' =ese$rc#

P$ers ' Proects etc $re: 9  *ub+it on ti+e ree$t sub+it on ti+e 9 2ti.i;e $.. t#e sources boos ourn$.s e ourn$.s +$8$;ines $nd

boos to +$e 3our rese$rc# $er $ut#entic i+ressi,e $ndort#3 o4 sub+ission

 9 T#e $er s#ou.d re4.ect 3our erson$.it3 9 M$e it $ #$bit to ,isit .ibr$r3 $t .e$st once $ ee 9 M$e use o4 Internet $s +uc# $s ossib.e to don.o$d use4u.

in4or+$tion 

 9  /.$3s quote reference #en 3ou #$,e borroed .iter$r3 +$teri$.4ro+ so+e#ere

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ME*;6 . E

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%W%6 . M%!2 0 E4%51%*I+ CI*EI%

• T#e urose o4 conductin8 e$+in$tion is not todeter+ine what you do not know  but to 4ind out

how much you know  T#e distribution $nd $$rd

o4 +$rs ou.d be $s under:

• Mid Ter+ >$+ E5

• >nd Ter+ >$+ %05

• Qui;; s 15

•  /ssi8ne+ents etc E05

• Tot$. 1005

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• Cdre *#$#id D$$; *I(M)

•  /ssist Pro4essor

• 0!%-1!H7%&• Email- =aisera>#'@yahoo:com

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*c#edu.e $nd Toics

to be co,ered

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W;%* I2 % P)EC*?

• % 9roject is a 9ro/lem scheduled forsolution J M Juran

• Prob.e+ - T#e 8$ b' #ere 3ou $re A#ere u $nt to be it# $n obst$c.e t#$t

re,ents e$s3 +o,e+ent to c.ose t#e 8$

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5ife Is % Project&&&A

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Projects in 2tone %ges

• Construction of %leandria 5ight ;ouse  &&&

Constructed in rd BC oDer a 9eriod of a/out twelDeyears and at an enormous cost including slaDe la/or  

• %janta CaDes (India$  &&& *he first Buddhist caDemonuments at %janta (Maharashtra$ /uilt during 'st and #nd B:C: 

• Pyramids &&&  ' 9yramidsF most /uilt as tom/s forthe Pharaohs 

• *aj Mahal &&&  constructed /etween ''&'> (##years$ em9loying ##F la/orers and 'F

ele9hants:• 2halimar Garden &&&  Built in 'th Century /y

2hahjehan the greatest 9atron of %rchitecture:

• Mos=ues and .orts Great 9rojects

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh

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What is a Proj

 / te+or$r3 ende$,or undert$en in

$n or8$ni;ed +$nner to roduce $

unique *er,ice or Product

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Pro *t$te+ent

•  / dec.$r$tor3 8rou o4 ords t#$t de4ine $

Pro

• It co+rises:• %IM ' obecti,e ' urose

• C2* 

• 61%*I+ $nd t#e

• C5IE+* (end user)

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*3PE2 . P)EC*2

• In order to $cco+.is# t#e P.$n $nd Pro8r$++e cert$in roects $re

run in s#ort ter+ in order to suort t#e .$r8e roect essenti$..3 $rto4 t#e Programme  $nd Plan  ori8in$..3 concei,ed $nd eecuted b3

t#e 8o,ern+ent

• Pilot Proj  / Pro undert$en to e,$.u$te t#e o,er$.. 4e$sibi.it3 o4 $

ro8r$++e

• esearch Proj It sees to 4ind in4or+$tion to #e. reso.,e $

rob.e+

• InDestment Proj  / roect run to deter+ine t#e 4in$nci$.

4e$sibi.it3 $nd econo+ic $ccet$bi.it3 o4 $ ro8r$++e

• *ech Coo9 Proj  / Pro run to ob,i$te t#e s#ort$8e o4 tec#nic$.

eertise

• Institution Building Proj Proects ert$inin8 to t#e construction

o4 L$bs ' 2ni,ersities etc

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**

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C5%22I.IC%*I+ . Infrastructural related

P)EC* *3PE2

• C.$ssi4ied $s *oci$. *ector A in4r$structureTr$nsort$tion "i8#$3s +$ss tr$nsit $irorts

2ti.ities >.ectric oer 8$s te.e#ones

>duc$tion *c#oo.s co..e8es ">C Funded

Pub.ic *$4et3 Po.ice 4ire D$tion$. 8u$rd

=ecre$tion P$rs .$38rounds #istoric sites

Be,e.o+ent "$rbors d$+s irri8$tion

=ese$rc# "e$.t# s$ce $8ricu.tureBe4ense Mi.it$r3 equi+ent $nd s3ste+s

Conser,$tion Forests s#ore.ines o..ution

H

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Business related Projects H

2*%*EGIC P5%++I+G

• Proj Mgmt  --- 2ti.i;ed $s $ +e$n o4 $c#ie,in8

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P=CT P"/*>*

I + 0 . e + e n t ' C . o s e 0 r o : e c t

M o n i t o r $ n d c o n t r o . 0 r o 8 r e s s

> 6 e c u t e t # e 0 . $ n

P . $ n t # e 0 r o : e c t

B e 4 i n e t # e 0 r o b . e + $ n d d e . i , e r $ b . e s

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*;E P)EC* E+4I+ME+*

The Organization

Organization Goals

Top Management Boss

project Staff Colleagues

Managers Controlling

Internal Resources

Internal Users

 Project Manager 

Government 

 External Users  Sub Contractors

 Suppliers

Proj Planned H im9lemented in a 2ocialF Economic H

EnDironmental Contet:

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Project EnDironment

': Cultural H 2ocial EnDironment 

"o roect $44ects eo.e A #o t#e3 in turn $44ect t#e

roect It requires underst$ndin8 o4 econo+ic de+o8r$#ic

et#ic$. et#nic $nd soci$. ' re.i8ious issues etc)

#: International H Political EnDironment 

no.ed8e o4 $.ic$b.e intern$tion$. n$tion$. re8ion$. or

.oc$. .$s A custo+s

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• Cost f (PF2F*$

• ?#ere P is Per4or+$nce * is *coe A T is

Ti+e

•  /s P A * incre$se Cost 8ener$..3 incre$sesJbut not .ine$r.3

E5%*I+2;IP . P)EC* B)EC*I4E2

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Projects generally .ail

 9 Estimates are erroneous 9 *imeF *alent H esources & insufficient or

incorrectly a99lied

 9 5ess than ordinary 9roj mgmt

 9 Proj Manager J role and functions

 9 .inancial esources (9lanning andaDaila/ilities$

 9 *echnological 6ifficulties 9 5ack of 9olitical su99ort

 9 %/sence of rgani8ational su99ort

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Cost

*ime 0 6uration 02chedule

Performance 0 2co9e 0 7uality 0

29ecifications

*arget

Product 0 2erDice 

Proj /jectiDes

*ri9le Constraints

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M/D/GIDG T=IPL> C

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IMP%C* . 2CPE C;%+GE + *;E P)EC*

•  Meeting stakeholdersK needs H e9ectations inDolDes /alancing

com9eting demands among 2co9eF *imeF CostF H 7uality:

•  Project Management concerns getting jo/ done on timeF within

/udget and as 9er s9ecifications

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?"K P=

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Kour Proects C$nnot /44ord to F$i.

• 66% of all IT projectsfail come in o!er "u#get

or run past the original

#ea#line

• $!er ear &'' "illion is(aste# on faile# IT

projects in the U)S)

• Business Impacts*

 –  Re#uce# profita"ilit –  Ina"ilit to fun# ne(

projects

 –  +oor customer

satisfaction

*ource: C#$os C#ronic.es E00!

T#e *t$ndis# Grou

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P=nsure t#$t no sub oti+i;$tion t$es .$ce

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P=

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G%+IL%*I+ 12E P)EC* M%+%GEME+*?

• Improve results / outputs• Value addition

• Decrease costs• Improve customer service• Save on time

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E

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;I55*P 4IEW . P) MGM*

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P)EC*

2*%!E&;56E2

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• IndiDiduals H rg  & actiDely inDolDed in

9rojects whose interests may /e affected as

a result of 9roject eecution or com9letion

or failure:

• May also eert influence oDer the Proj

/jectiDe and utcome:

• PositiDe H +egatiDe 2takeholders

+RO,$CT ST-.$/0O12$RS

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P)EC* 2*%!E;56E2 (20;$

• Project Mgr  --- =esonsib.e 4or t#e success o4 t#e roect

• Customer0end user  --- t#e one #o uses Pro roducts• Performing rgani8ation &&&  #ose e+.o3ees $re

in,o.,ed

• Project Mgmt *eam  --- Per4or+in8 di44erent t$ss o4 $

roect• Project team mem/ers -direct.3 in,o.,ed it# t#e roect

• 29onsor --- Indi,idu$. or or8 4in$ncin8 t#e roect(c$s#'ind)

• PM&&& >ists in er4or+in8

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=>L>/DT *T/>-"=*

T0$ +RO,$CT

CUSTOM$RS

R$GU1-TORS

$M+1O3$$S

SOCI$T3

SU++1I$RS

O45$RS S+O5SORS

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What are the Major oles on a Project?

Team Mem"ers Project participants

7unctional Manager – Personresponsible for activities and

resources in a specialized departmentor function. Sponsor – The

internalOranizationalo!ner of the

 pro"ect.#esponsible forestablishin the

 pro"ect$s priorit%!ithin the

Oranization.&as overall

responsibilit% forits success.

Sta8ehol#ers – Parties involvedin or bein affected b% the pro"ect

activities.

Team Mem"ers 

 – Staff !ho usetheir s'ills to

contribute to the pro"ect$s success.

+rojectManager –

individual !iththe authorit% andresponsibilit% for

deliverin the pro"ect – (ualit% product) on time

and !ithin budet.

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C#$n8in8 Trends in Pro M8+t

• Introduction o4 consensu$. ' $rtici$tor3 ' +$n$8e+ent

or M< inste$d o4 #ier$rc#ic$. ' tr$dition$. +et#ods

• *3ste+s /ro$c# ' *3ste+ >n8ineerin8 to de$. it#

or8-$. ' tec#-$. rob.e+s

• >,er3 $cti,it3 bein8 done $s $ Project 

• C$reer P$t# ----

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BEGI++I+G . M6E+ P)EC* M%+%GEME+*

• 2 * D$,3s Po.$ris Pro8r$+• D/*/s /o..o Pro8r$++es

• *$ce *#utt.e

• *BI (*t$r ?$rs)• =e$son $nd =equire+ent:

 9 *eci$..3 de,e.oed etr$ordin$r3 $nd

co+.e roects needed equ$..3 etr$ordin$r3$nd co+.e +$n$8e+ent $ro$c#es to$c#ie,e successes in $ 8i,en ti+e 4r$+e

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P=

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Pro M8+t in P$ist$n

• =o.e o4 P.$nnin8 Co++ission

• P.$ns Pro8r$++es $nd Proects

• T3es o4 P.$ns P8+s $nd Pro

• Ide$ 8ener$tion $nd se.ection 9 "o $nd #3• Proects Proos$. For+u.$tion /r$is$. $nd

 /ro,$.

• *$nctionin8 ' /ro,in8 /ut#orities• I+.e+ent$tion o4 Proects --- 2se o4 co+uters

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P) MGM*& W%3 .W%6

• Fe$sibi.it3 studies ' Pi.ot Pro

• For+u.$tion

•  /r$is$.•  /ro,$.

• I+.e+ent$tion

• >,$.u$tion• Ter+in$tion

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.E%2IBI5I*3 2*16IE2 0 PI5* P)EC*2

•

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• $sed on t#e 4e$sibi.it3 stud3 t#e Pro

4or+u.$tion t$es .$ce b3 4i..in8 u PC-1 "ere$re cert$in ins #ic# need to be t$en into$ccount

• T#e PC-1 is nor+$..3 4i..ed u ,er3 $+bitious.3

b3 t#e erson ' or8 #o $s not in,o.,ed it#t#e Pro or t#e 4e$sibi.it3 stud3• Be,oid o4 requisite d$t$ $nd eenness to

undert$e ' initi$te t#e Pro usu$..3 .$3s t#e 4irstbric o4 ossib.e 4$i.ure

• L$c o4 d$t$ .$ces i++ense burden on t#e ProM$n$8er to une$rt# re.e,$nt d$t$ $nd ende$,orto ro,e to #is bosses o4 t#e correctness o4 t#ePro

P) .M15%*I+

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P) %PP%I2%5

• It is a com9le jo/ done /y 9rofessionals:

• *he a99raisal includes among others- 9 Modifications to original ideas to make them look

attractiDe to foreign donors

 9 EDaluate 0 assess administratiDeF managerial and

technical ca9a/ility of the rg: 9 2crutiny of Proj costs (Ca9italF 9erationalF

MaintenanceF ecurringF Esta/lishment e9endituresF

etc$

 9 2chedule of Work 9 .inancial 9hasing incl .E .unding

 9 eDiew of the Proj for reasons of /jectiDesF CostsF

and *ime

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P)EC* %PP4%5

• T#e +ost .et#$r8ic $nd $t ti+es +ostseedier $ction consists o4 $d+in

 /ro,$. $nd Fin$nci$. /ro,$. Most o4

t#e 8ood Proects ne,er see t#e d$3 .i8#t

due $bsence o4 4in$nci$. $ro,$.

•  /t ti+es Proects $re st$rted on t#e ron8

re+ise ie 4in$nces ou.d beco+e

$,$i.$b.e in due course

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IMP5EME+*%*I+

• T#e Proects $re i+.e+ented b3 $

seci$..3 se.ected te$+ desi8n$ted $s Pro

Te$+ t#$t ors under t#e 8uid$nce o4

Pro M8r

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•  / seci$..3 desi8n$ted te$+ c#osen $nd$ut#ori;ed b3 t#e #i8#er or8$ni;$tion

usu$..3 insects $nd e,$.u$tes t#e Pro $s

er Pro /r$is$. criteri$• T#is +$3 #$en on co+.etion or durin8

di44erent st$8es o4 t#e Pro

P)EC* E4%51%*I+

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PB5EM2 5I+!E6 WI*; 6E4E5PME+* P)

• Focus is in,$ri$b.3 n$rro•  /.tern$ti,es $re usu$..3 i8nored

• Peo.esN needs $re 8ener$..3 i8nored

• M$noer is i.. tr$ined• Pro Besi8n $nd M$n$8e+ent is in4.eib.e

• ene4its $re not tr$ns4erred to t#e t$r8et

ou.$tion• Monitorin8 .$cs due di.i8ence

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• *enior M8+t to se.ect coror$te initi$ti,e $nd st$tus

• *#ou.d ensure correctness o4 d$t$

• Be,e.o $nd ensure +onitorin8 c$$bi.it3

• *#ou.d not be 8uided b3 4orei8n or do+estic donors

(Fin$nciers o4 t#e Pro)

• no.ed8e o4 .oc$. require+ents (re.i8ious $nd soci$.)

s#ou.d be 8i,en re4erence $t $.. ti+es o,er on #i+s

$nd 4$ncies• =e+$in in #$r+on3 it# or8$ni;$tion$. 8o$.s $i+s $nd

obecti,es (ision $nd Mission)

*%2!2 . P) P5%++E2

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C6E . E*;IC2 . P) M%+%GEME+*

P.E22I+%52 0 P) M%+%GE2

$8e 1%E 

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C6E . E*;IC2 . P) M%+%GEME+*

P.E22I+%52 0 P) M%+%GE2

• es9onsi/ility- %s9irational 2tandards

•  /s r$ctitioners in t#e 8.ob$. roect+$n$8e+ent co++unit3:

• EE1 ?e +$e decisions $nd t$e $ctionsb$sed on t#e best interests o4 societ3ub.ic s$4et3 $nd t#e en,iron+ent

• EEE ?e $ccet on.3 t#ose $ssi8n+entst#$t $re consistent it# our b$c8roundeerience si..s $nd qu$.i4ic$tions

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• es9onsi/ility- Mandatory 2tandards

•  /s r$ctitioners in t#e 8.ob$. roect

+$n$8e+ent co++unit3 e require t#e4o..oin8 o4 ourse.,es $nd our 4e..o

r$ctitioners:

• =e8u.$tions $nd Le8$. =equire+ents

• E!1 ?e in4or+ ourse.,es $nd u#o.d t#e

o.icies ru.es re8u.$tions $nd .$s t#$t 8o,ern

our or ro4ession$. $nd ,o.unteer $cti,ities

• E!E ?e reort unet#ic$. or i..e8$. conduct to$rori$te +$n$8e+ent $nd i4 necess$r3 to

t#ose $44ected b3 t#e conduct

• # es9ect- %s9irational 2tandards

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• :# es9ect- %s9irational 2tandards

•  /s r$ctitioners in t#e 8.ob$. roect

+$n$8e+ent co++unit3:• !E1 ?e in4or+ ourse.,es $bout t#e nor+s $nd

custo+s o4 ot#ers  $nd $,oid en8$8in8 in

be#$,iors t#e3 +i8#t consider disresect4u.

• !EE ?e .isten to ot#ersN oints o4 ,ie seein8

to underst$nd t#e+

• !E! ?e $ro$c# direct.3 t#ose ersons it#

#o+ e #$,e $ con4.ict or dis$8ree+ent

• !E% ?e conduct ourse.,es in $ ro4ession$.

+$nner e,en #en it is not reciroc$ted

t M d t 2t d d

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es9ect- Mandatory 2tandards

•  /s r$ctitioners in t#e 8.ob$. roect

+$n$8e+ent co++unit3 e require t#e4o..oin8 o4 ourse.,es $nd our 4e..or$ctitioners:

• !!1 ?e ne8oti$te in 8ood 4$it#

• !!E ?e do not eercise t#e oer o4 oureertise or osition to in4.uence t#e decisions or$ctions o4 ot#ers in order to bene4it erson$..3 $tt#eir eense

• !!! ?e do not $ct in $n $busi,e +$nnerto$rd ot#ers

• !!% ?e resect t#e roert3 ri8#ts o4 ot#ers

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PMP C>=TIFIC/TI

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PMP CE*I.IC%*I+

• Proect M$n$8e+ent Institute (PMI) $s est$b.is#ed in

1H6H it# si +e+bers

• It is t#e +ost resected $nd reco8ni;ed +$n$8e+ent

st$nd$rds institute in t#e or.d

• Tod$3 PMINs +e+bers#i sur$sses E00000 in o,er 10countries

• T#e +$in 8o$. o4 PMI is to ro,ide st$nd$rds to t#e

roect +$n$8e+ent or.d

•

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PMI %C;IE4EME+*2

• 'N  --- PMI introduced t#e PMP Certi4ic$tione$+

• ''  --- T#e PM

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W;%* I2 PMB!

• Proect M$n$8e+ent od3 o4 no.ed8e(PM

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PM* /DB D

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PMPO CE*I.IC%*I+

• PMINs PMP Certi4ic$tion e$+ is t#eor.dNs +ost reco8ni;ed ro4ession$.credenti$. 4or indi,idu$.s orin8 in t#e4ie.d o4 roect +$n$8e+ent

• PMP certi4ic$tion ser,es not on.3 t#e ITindustr3 but $.so ot#er industries suc# $s: 9 /uto+oti,e

 9 /eros$ce 9 Construction

 9 Te.eco++unic$tions

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W;3 PMP CE*I.IC%*I+•  /ccordin8 to t#e *t$ndis# Grou on.3 EH5 o4 $..

roects $re success4u. in ter+s o4 $c#ie,in8 costsc#edu.e $nd qu$.it3 obecti,es

• "oe,er $ success r$te o4 >Q  is $c#ie,ed b3e+.o3in8 +odern roect +$n$8e+ent st$nd$rds too.s

$nd tec#niques• T#e PM

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2tart;ere

2te9 '

Education 7ualification2nder Gr$du$te (/'*'>)

 /nd $bo,e

"i8# *c#oo. Bi.o+$ ' /ssoci$te Be8ree or 8.ob$.

equi,$.ent

2te9 #

Project Management E9erienceMini+u+ ! 3e$rs'!6 +ont#s unique

N>

non o,er.$in8 roect +$n$8e+ent Project

eerience

  ;ours

Mini+u+ 3e$rs'60 +ont#s unique>

non o,er.$in8 roect +$n$8e+ent

Project

eerience

  ;ours

eerience

2te9

PM Contact ;ours0PM

Education! "ours o4 Proect

M$n$8e+ent >duc$tion

2te9 N

PMI nline .orm*ub+it t#e qu$.i4ic$tion

in4or+$tion to PMI on.ine

 /.ic$tion $t

#tts:''+ior8'cert$

2te9 >

Pre9are for the Eam*tud3 t#e PM$+ 4ro+

Pro+etric site Etestco+

to t$e t#e PMP e$+

https://pmi.org/certapphttp://www.2test.com/http://www.2test.com/https://pmi.org/certapphttps://pmi.org/certapp

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P=

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;W * 2*%* +EW P)EC*2

• *aking es9onsi/ility- e4ore 3ou $8ree to t$e on t#e

resonsibi.it3 o4 +$n$8in8 $ roect +$e sure t#ere is

$dequ$te sonsors#i $nd t#$t 3ou #$,e $dequ$te

4undin8 $nd resources to co+.ete it on ti+e

• Clarifying the 2co9e-  =e,ie t#e scoe o4 t#e roect to

ensure t#$t $.. o4 t#e de.i,er$b.es to be roduced durin8

t#e roect $re $dequ$te.3 de4ined 9 *it don it# 3our custo+er $nd c.$ri43 $.. o4 t#e de.i,er$b.es on

d$3 one

 9 T#e Be$d.ine-  Kou need to $8ree t#e de$d.ine it# 3our

custo+er $nd it +ust be 4e$sib.e to $c#ie,e

 9 =$t#er t#$n $8reein8 on $ 4ied d$te inste$d tr3 $nd $8ree on $4ied ti+e4r$+e 4or de.i,er3

 9 *et $n ide$. de.i,er3 d$te $nd $ .$st de.i,er3 d$te

 9 M$e t#e ideal deliDery date $c#ie,$b.e

;W * 2*%* +EW P)EC*2 td

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;W * 2*%* +EW P)EC*2 contd

• 2etting Priorities 

 9 $s 3our custo+er to rioriti;e t#e .ist o4 de.i,er$b.es4ro+ #i8#est to .oest so t#$t 3ou c$n $.i8n t#ese

riorities it# t#e t$ss in 3our .$n

• 1nderstand the 6riDers

 9 /s 3our custo+er #$ts dri,in8 t#e de$d.ines Find

out #3 c$nt t#e scoe be reduced 4urt#er /.so 4ind

out #3 t#e de.i,er$b.es #$,e been rioriti;ed $s t#e3

#$,e

 9 Bocu+ent t#ese con,ers$tions it# 3our custo+er$nd 8et t#e+ $ro,ed

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%ssignment &'Write a summary of directed reading

5essons for an accidental

9rofessionand answer =uestions giDen at the end:

Pages #&

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