LOGICHEM PROCESS LOGICHEM PROCESS ENGINEERING ENGINEERING

COCO22 TECHNOLGYTECHNOLGY

LOGICHEMPROCESS ENGINEERING

Short Reference ListShort Reference List

2000 kg/hr CO2 Stripping Column including Vent CondenserSAB Rosslyn South Africa

Various Upgrades of Scrubbers, Deodorisers and Dryers SAB South Africa

Completely new Controls and PLC for complete CO2 PlantSAB Chamdor South Africa

CO2 Stripper 1000 kg/hrSAB Chamdor South Africa

CO2 Deodorisers 1000 kg/hrSAB Chamdor South Africa

Complete CO2 plant (300 kg/hr) including Atmospheric VapouriserNile Breweries Uganda

Complete CO2 plant (250 kg/hr) including Atmospheric VapouriserNorthern Breweries Zambia

In two Phases, Complete CO2 plant (500 kg/hr) including Atmospheric VapourisersZambia Breweries Zambia

500 kg/hr CO2 Liquefaction and CO2 StripperKalagadi Breweries Botswana

2500 kg/hr CO2 Stripping Column including Vent CondenserSAB Newlands South Africa

2000 kg/hr CO2 Stripping Column including Vent CondenserSAB Prospecton South Africa

DescriptionReference

Short Reference List: Smaller projects not shown

LOGICHEMLOGICHEM’’S COS CO22 HISTORYHISTORY

15 years experience consulting to 15 years experience consulting to the industrythe industry

10 years as a CO10 years as a CO22 equipment equipment suppliersupplier

CO2 Liquefaction, Stripper and Vent Condenser for Kgalagadi Breweries:

500 kg/hr.

SOUTH AFRICAN SOUTH AFRICAN REFERENCESREFERENCES

SAB Miller SAB Miller –– including:including:

-- SAB NewlandsSAB Newlands -- SAB ChamdorSAB Chamdor-- SAB SAB ProspectonProspecton -- SAB RosslynSAB Rosslyn

Vent condenser,

SAB Prospecton 3000 kg/hr.Atmospheric Vapouriser for Zambian Breweries 500 kg/hr

AFRICAN REFERENCES:AFRICAN REFERENCES:BOTSWANA:BOTSWANA: KgalagadiKgalagadi BreweriesBreweriesUGANDA:UGANDA: Nile BreweriesNile BreweriesZAMBIA:ZAMBIA: Northern Breweries andNorthern Breweries and

Zambian BreweriesZambian Breweries

Evaporative condenser –ammonia system at Kgalagadi Breweries 500 kg/hr

Vent condenser Separator Vessel for SAB Rosslyn producing 2 000 kg/hr.

MILESTONES:MILESTONES:

LogichemLogichem’’s first Stripper s first Stripper Column was commissioned for Column was commissioned for SAB Prospecton in 1996, SAB Prospecton in 1996, 3 000 kg/hr 3 000 kg/hr Logichem Supplies COLogichem Supplies CO22 plant plant equipment ranging from 250 equipment ranging from 250 kg/h to 3 000 kg/h.kg/h to 3 000 kg/h.Logichem Supplies complete Logichem Supplies complete COCO22 plants on Turnkey Basis.plants on Turnkey Basis. Stripper Plant SAB Rosslyn

2 000 kg/hr

SCRUBBINGSCRUBBINGCommonly the first step in COCommonly the first step in CO22 purification is the purification is the removal of water soluble compounds, such as alcohol. removal of water soluble compounds, such as alcohol. Scrubbers normally utilize potable water, the extent of Scrubbers normally utilize potable water, the extent of recirculation is dependent on clients water balance. recirculation is dependent on clients water balance. In response In response LogichemLogichem has employed the use of a has employed the use of a chiller in conjunction with the circulated water to chiller in conjunction with the circulated water to optimise the scrubbing efficiency and optimise the scrubbing efficiency and minimiseminimise freshfresh--water make up.water make up.This integrated approach results in a lower feed This integrated approach results in a lower feed temperature to the compressor set.temperature to the compressor set.With heat pickWith heat pick--up in the suction piping the up in the suction piping the

compressors life is extended, thanks to compressors life is extended, thanks to ‘‘superheatedsuperheated’’temperatures at compressor suction.temperatures at compressor suction.

COCO22 BALLOONBALLOON

Referred to as control bladders, COReferred to as control bladders, CO22 Balloons are used for Balloons are used for controlling compressor loading and to ensure that the COcontrolling compressor loading and to ensure that the CO22top pressure in the fermenters is within the narrow band of top pressure in the fermenters is within the narrow band of 5 kPa.5 kPa.

COMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS

Only the highest quality brands of COOnly the highest quality brands of CO22 compressors are compressors are utilised in Logichemutilised in Logichem’’s design. Mehrer as well as s design. Mehrer as well as NeumanNeuman & & EsserEsser –– both with over 100 years of experience both with over 100 years of experience Not only do they offer oilNot only do they offer oil--free technology but there free technology but there compressors are known to last up to 20 years in the field.compressors are known to last up to 20 years in the field.Alternative To oilAlternative To oil--free compressors, water lubricated Guided Rotor free compressors, water lubricated Guided Rotor Compressors can be used with great process benefits. Compressors can be used with great process benefits.

AFTER COOLING/ AFTER COOLING/ REFRIGERATION DRYINGREFRIGERATION DRYING

The compressed gas is cooled to the lowest possible The compressed gas is cooled to the lowest possible dew point temperature. This is dependent on the dew point temperature. This is dependent on the availability of glycol or cooling water. Utilising availability of glycol or cooling water. Utilising refrigeration drying comes at no energy penalty, as the refrigeration drying comes at no energy penalty, as the COCO22 needs to be chilled to its dew point temperature needs to be chilled to its dew point temperature

--3030˚̊C at 16 C at 16 bar(gbar(g).).However, desiccant drying utilising activated silica, However, desiccant drying utilising activated silica, alumina, or molecular sieves remains essential to ensure alumina, or molecular sieves remains essential to ensure dryness at dryness at --4040˚̊C pressure dew point before C pressure dew point before liquefaction.liquefaction.

DEODORISINGDEODORISINGOffensive smelling components such as Offensive smelling components such as H2S and DMS are removed in activated H2S and DMS are removed in activated carbon beds. Pelletised coconut shell carbon beds. Pelletised coconut shell activated carbon is used. Dual beds are activated carbon is used. Dual beds are utilised to ensure a 24utilised to ensure a 24--hour operation. hour operation. Regeneration of beds are performed at a Regeneration of beds are performed at a minimum of 210minimum of 210˚̊C with superC with super--heated heated steam.steam.High pressure deodorisers are preferred High pressure deodorisers are preferred for two reason:for two reason:-- it eliminates the possibility of carbon it eliminates the possibility of carbon carry over to the compressor suction;carry over to the compressor suction;-- higher compression suction pressure is higher compression suction pressure is achieved therefore, the same compressor achieved therefore, the same compressor block can be utilised efficiently.block can be utilised efficiently.

DESICCANT DRYINGDESICCANT DRYINGDual activated alumina bed dryers always follows the Dual activated alumina bed dryers always follows the deodorisersdeodorisers. This is to ensure that the CO. This is to ensure that the CO22 passing through passing through the activated carbon beds are dried of any possible pickthe activated carbon beds are dried of any possible pick--up up of water from the deodoriser due to steam regeneration. of water from the deodoriser due to steam regeneration. Dual deodorisers are utilised to ensure 24Dual deodorisers are utilised to ensure 24--hour operations.hour operations.Pressure swing is combined with thermal regeneration to Pressure swing is combined with thermal regeneration to achieve the highest possible removal of water. The achieve the highest possible removal of water. The desiccant dryers are equipped with micro filters to remove desiccant dryers are equipped with micro filters to remove dust for down stream processes.dust for down stream processes.COCO22 or air is utilised as a carrier gas for thermal or air is utilised as a carrier gas for thermal regeneration. The choice depends on the COregeneration. The choice depends on the CO22 balance.balance.

LIQUIFACTIONLIQUIFACTION

The dry COThe dry CO22 is condensed at is condensed at --30 30 ooCC and 16 and 16 bar(gbar(g) which is ) which is generally the most costgenerally the most cost--effective process conditions. However, effective process conditions. However, higher yielding plants can be built with condensation at higher yielding plants can be built with condensation at --50 50 ooCCwhich requires more expensive refrigeration systems.which requires more expensive refrigeration systems.LogichemLogichem’’ss standard is an ammonia refrigeration system with standard is an ammonia refrigeration system with twotwo--stage compressors. We have developed in house expertise in stage compressors. We have developed in house expertise in this area so that refrigeration no longer needs to be outsourcedthis area so that refrigeration no longer needs to be outsourced..

Ammonia Refrigerator Compressor at Kgalagadi Breweries – 500 kg/hr.

STRIPPINGSTRIPPINGCOCO22 Stripping is essentially Stripping is essentially pressurisedpressurised distillation to remove distillation to remove oxygen to the lowest possible level. The presence of oxygen in oxygen to the lowest possible level. The presence of oxygen in COCO22 utilised for carbonated dinks and beer influences the taste utilised for carbonated dinks and beer influences the taste and effects the rack life adversely.and effects the rack life adversely.LogichemLogichem’’s technology has been deployed successfully in all but s technology has been deployed successfully in all but two of SAB breweries in South Africa. We offer a compact two of SAB breweries in South Africa. We offer a compact modernmodern--technology unit which ensures oxygen levels below 5 technology unit which ensures oxygen levels below 5 ppmppm, typically 1 , typically 1 ppmppm is obtained.is obtained.Collections Plants erected at users point can be equipped with aCollections Plants erected at users point can be equipped with aunique vent condenser which utilises COunique vent condenser which utilises CO22 as a refrigerant atas a refrigerant at-- 4545˚̊C, enabling high efficiency at zero energy costs. C, enabling high efficiency at zero energy costs. At sites where no COAt sites where no CO22 is used, the vent condenser refrigeration is used, the vent condenser refrigeration capacity contributes to the energy balance in a negative way.capacity contributes to the energy balance in a negative way.Typically the refrigeration load and the COTypically the refrigeration load and the CO22 compressor load will compressor load will increase by 5%. However, this addition enables early collection increase by 5%. However, this addition enables early collection and is recommended where the maximum amount of COand is recommended where the maximum amount of CO22 needs needs to be collected from fermentation.to be collected from fermentation.

STORAGESTORAGE

COCO22 storage is the simplest of the unit storage is the simplest of the unit operations. However, careful consideration operations. However, careful consideration should be given to type, layout, and balanceshould be given to type, layout, and balance--line line design. The materials of construction is typically design. The materials of construction is typically SA 516 grade 70/60 SA 516 grade 70/60 normalisednormalised, with impact , with impact testing required for welding procedures. testing required for welding procedures. Logichem has gained considerable experience in Logichem has gained considerable experience in designing cold service vessels and can offer the designing cold service vessels and can offer the client client optimisedoptimised designs.designs.

VAPOURISERSVAPOURISERSNumerous types of Numerous types of VapourisersVapourisers can be offered, including; forced can be offered, including; forced convection air convection air vapourisersvapourisers and steam and steam vapourisersvapourisers. . VapourisersVapourisers integrated with glycol systems can be offered.integrated with glycol systems can be offered.However, the most practical solution for South Africa and However, the most practical solution for South Africa and African condition remains atmospheric fin tubes which African condition remains atmospheric fin tubes which Logichem offers in a full aluminum construction. To enable Logichem offers in a full aluminum construction. To enable costcost--effective equipment supply Logichem has invested in a effective equipment supply Logichem has invested in a extrusion die to produce the fin tubes. extrusion die to produce the fin tubes. VapourisersVapourisers are normally accompanied by high pressure buffers.are normally accompanied by high pressure buffers.

< Vapouriser for Zambian Breweries

500 kg/hr

ISO 9001:2000ISO 9001:2000

Logichem Process Engineering is proud of its Logichem Process Engineering is proud of its ISO 9001:2000 Quality Managements Systems ISO 9001:2000 Quality Managements Systems accreditation which includes the provision of accreditation which includes the provision of design, development, engineering, design, development, engineering, construction management, supply and construction management, supply and commission of process equipment and commission of process equipment and services.services.

LOGICHEMPROCESS ENGINEERING