DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GANDHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

BHUBANESWAR

MAJOR PROJECT ON LPG REFRIGERATOR

Submitted By:MEMBERS NAME :- RAMSHANKAR SINGH ASHISH KUMAR DIWAKAR SHARMA SWAPNIL SOURAV SUBODH THAKUR PREMPRAKASH

MUNDU BIPIN KUMAR CHAURASIA PRAKASH ANAND PAPPU KUMAR MEHTA ANIKET DAS

Guided By- Asst. Prof. SUBHASISH DAS

CONTENTSABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONWORKING PRINCIPLE COMPONENTSSPECIFICATION OF COMPONENTSCOST SHEETRESULTADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGESAPPILICATIONCONCLUSION.REFERENCE

ABSTRACT Supply of continuous electricity is still not available in several areas of the country

and in the world where the refrigeration of Food and Medicines can be preserved.

LPG comprises of 24.4% propane(C3H8)(R-290), 56.4% butane (C4H10)(R-600) and 17.2% isobutene which have very low boiling point (lower than 0 0C).

The LPG is cheaper and possesses an environmental friendly nature with no ozone depletion potential (ODP).

The combustion products of LPG are CO2 and H2O. The evaporator temperature reached -10 ºC.

From experiment the COP of a refrigerator is 2.25 .

INTRODUCTION In India, more than 80% of the domestic refrigerator utilize HFC 134a as

refrigerant, due to its excellent thermodynamic and thermo physical properties.

But, HFC 134a has a high global warming potential (GWP) of 1300. Hydrocarbon refrigerants; particularly LPG serves as the best contender to

replace HFC’s from domestic refrigerator as well as car air conditioners.

As we know According to second law of thermodynamics, Heat is virtually being pumped from a lower temperature to a higher temperature by adding some of external work.

NEED TO INVENTToday world is facing the major problems regarding energy

crisis.

Along with this we are facing major environmental trouble due to increase in harmful gases which are evolved from nowhere else but the combustion of these conventional energy sources.

Pollution is minimized by LPG .And cost is minimized by LPG Refrigeration system.

WORKING LPG REFRIGERATOR The basic idea behind LPG refrigeration is to use the

evaporation of a LPG to absorb heat.  LPG is stored in the LPG cylinder under high pressure When

the gas tank of regulators is opened then high pressure LPG passes in gas pipe. This LPG is going by high pressure gas pipe in capillary tube.

It works on the principle that during the extraction of heat the LPG expanded there is a pressure drop and increase in volume of LPG that results in the drop of temperature and a cooling effect.

Components of lpg refrigeration system

1.LPG Gas Cylinder: From the LPG gas cylinder, LPG flows through the pipe and reaches to the  capillary tube. LPG gas pressure is approximate 12-18 bar.

2.Capillary Tube:As the capillary tube, capillary tube

downs the pressure up to less than 1.4bar its diameter 3mm. 

3.Evaporator:The evaporator is an important part of the refrigeration system, which produces the cooling effect in the vapour form at low pressure and temperature.

4.Pressure gauges: Many techniques have been 

developed for the measurement 

of pressure and vacuums. Instruments

used to measure pressure are called

pressure gauges or vacuum gauges.

These gauges are available

in 63mm, 100mm, and 150mm sizes .

5.High Pressure pipes

The range of high pressure pipes 

covers most application where 

there is a requirement to transfer

 gas at high pressure. They 

consist of a steel pipe with a

steel ball fitted to both ends. 

All pipes are pressure tested to 100 

MPa (200 psi) over recommended

working pressure

Specification of ComponentRefrigeration Box: L-540, W-400, H-650, T-50Evaporator Box: L-360, W-240, H-150Capillary Tube: L-2700, D-0.31Accumulator: D-25Box Stand: L-920, W-400, H-530Pressure Gauge: 0 to 250psi

To Be Continued……Filter: D-44.5, H-60Regulator: D-4Discharge Pipe: L-2430, D-14.5Suction Pipe: L-1820, D-14.5

( L-Length, W-Width, H-Height, t-Thickness, D-Diameter )

* All dimension in mm .

OTHER PROPERTIESColorless.

Flammable.

Heavier than air.

Approximately half the weight of water.

 Non toxic but can cause asphyxiation.

LPG expands upon release and 1 liters of liquid will form approximately 250 liters of vapour

PROPERTIES OF LPG REFRIGERANTBoiling point:Combustion:Vapour pressureIgnition TemperatureCalorific valueToxicity:

Boiling Point:LPG’s boiling point ranges from -42 ºC to 0 ºC depending on its mixture percentage of Butane and PropaneCombustion:The combustion of LPG produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour but sufficient air must be available.Ignition temperature:The temperature required to ignite LPG in air is around 500ºC.

Vapor pressure:LPG is a stored as a liquid under pressure. It is almost colorless and its weight is approximately half that of an equivalent volume of water. The pressure inside a closed container in which LPG is stored is equal to the vapor pressure of the liquid and corresponds to its temperature.Calorific valueThe calorific value of LPG is about 2.5 times higher than that of main gas so more heat is produced from the same volume of gas.

 Toxicity:LPG is a colorless, odorless and nontoxic gas. It is supplied commercially with an added odorant to assist detection .

Safety:LPG is just as safe as any other fuel. In fact, it is safer than most fuels because neither LPG itself nor the end products that are produced by burning LPG in a suitable appliance are poisonous to inhale.

COST SHEET NO. COMPONENT PRICE 1 REFRIGERATOR BOX 3000 2 EVAPORATER BOX 2500 3 GAS PIPE 400 4 CAPILLARY TUBE 270 5 ACCUMULATOR 350 6 BURNNER 1000 7 BASE STAND 2000 8 INSULATOR THERMOCOL 800 9 RUBBER GASKET MAGNET 400 10 HANDLE CLAMP 160 11 DOOR HINGES (LOWER &UPPER) 100 12 BRAZING MATERIAL 150 13 SUCTION PIPE 600 14 C U ‘T’ CONNECTOR 200

To Be Continued…… NO. COMPONENTS PRICE15 BRASS NUT 20016 FILTER 60017 HAND SUT VALVE 45018 PRESSURE GAUGE 70019 STRAIGHT CONNECTOR 8020 BASE PLATE 20021 TEMP.SENSOR 20022 SELF 10 23 SCREW, NUT,BOLT 5024 BRAZING GAS CYLINDER 15025 HIGH PRESSURE VALVE 35026 PIPE CLAMP 6027 GAS COST 800

ADVANTAGE It eliminates the blocking problem. It is efficient to save fuel. Low Weight. The fridge works when electricity off. It is

efficient to save fuel. No Pollution. Running cost is zero. Eliminates the compressor and condenser. Noiseless

DISADVANTAGESLPG is explosive in nature.Do not maintain constant pressure in LPG cylinder.Put the LPG cylinder is inverted position.After the refrigeration processes, the exhaust of LPG is

burn into burner. Because of the exhausted vapour LPG can not converted again liquid phase , because the this process is very costly.

The prevention of leakage of the LPG is the major problem in LPG refrigeration system. Because of the LPG is highly flammable.

APPILICATIONFood processing, preservation and distribution 1. Storage 2. Fish 3. Meat and Poultry 4. Dairy Products (a). Ice cream (b). Butter (c). Cheese (d). Butter milk 5. Beverage 6. Candy 7. Medical

CONCLUSIONThe aim of the LPG refrigerator was to use LPG as a refrigerant and

utilizing the energy of the high pressure LPG cylinder for producing the refrigerating effect. We also conclude that, we are trying to burn the exhaust LPG, the pressure of exhaust gas is less than 10 PSI, so that the flame produce by the burner is spreading outside.

This system most suitable for hotel, industries, refinery, chemical industries where consumption of LPG is very high. We are continuing this project with some fabrication work and we have collected various equipment’s which is required for this project like high pressure pipes, regulator valve, and capillary tube.

We are going to analyse the experimental details of LPG refrigerator, in the major project.

Results:The final temperature achieved is about 7.4 degree c.The average mass flow rate is determined to be

0.000056kg/sec.The cop is obtained to be 2.25.

REFERENCEwww.google.co.inwww.contest.techbriefs.com/2013/sustainable-te

chnologies/3792www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s1359

431105004163www.researchgate.net/publication/222674150_e

xperimental_evalution_of_a_demostic_refrigerator_working_with_LPG

www.projecttopics.info/Mechanical/LPG-Refrigerato.php

C.P. ARORA, “Hand book of Refrigeration and air conditioning”, by page no. 425

“PCRA energy audit report”, HPCL LPG bottling plant Asauda Bahadurgarh (Haryana) Dec. 2006.

THANK YOU…..