GUIDED BY:

PROF. MANISHA UPADHYAY

LTE and LTE- Advance

PREPARED BY:

SUDHIR KUMAR

(15MECC24)

o INTRODUCTION

o HISTORY

o BENEFITS

o CHALLENGES

o NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

o LTE SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

o LTE- ADVANCED (INTRODUCTION)

o COMPARISION

LTE is a 4G-Mobile communication standard.

or

LTE is a standard for wireless communication ofhigh speed data for mobile phones and dataterminals.

It is based on GSM/EDGE network technology.

• In 2004, 3GPP began a project to define LTE of

UMTS cellular technology

• LTE was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan

in 2004

• First publicly available LTE service was launched

by Talia Sonora in Oslo and Stockholm in 2009

• Samsung Galaxy Indulge being the world’s first

LTE smartphone starting on February 10, 2011

Initially, CDMA operators planned to upgrade torival standards called UMB and WiMAX

But all the major CDMA operators (such asVerizon, Sprint and Metro PCS in the United States,Bell and Telis in Canada, SK Telecom in SouthKorea and China Telecom/China Unicom in China)have announced that they intend to migrate to LTE.

The evolution of LTE is LTE Advanced, which wasstandardized in March 2011. Services are expectedto commence in 2013.

Scalable bandwidth

Higher bandwidth

Higher data rate

Low latency

Operation in both Fdd and Tdd modes

Support for all frequency band

High peak speed

dowlink rate : 299.6 mbps / uplink rate: 75.4 mbps

Fast handoff technique

Video calling without buffering

Fast web browsing

Higher efficiency

Faster speed and lower latency

All-IP network

Plug and play architecture

Improved end-user experience

Faster data download/ upload

High network throughput

Throughput

Pricing

Battery life

Roaming

Quality of service control

EVOLVED NODE B (eNB)

Support air interface.

Provide radio resources management function.

SERVING GATEWAY (SGW)

Provides mobility

Responsible for routing and forwarding.

PACKET DATA NETWORK GATEWAY

Provides connectivity to internet

Provides QoS and mobility between 3G and non 3G

network

MOBILITY MANAGEMENT ENTITY

Manage mobility and provide security

Operates in control plane and provides authentication

OFDMAIt can be used as a multi-access scheme, where the

available sub-carriers may be divided into several groupsof sub-carriers called sub-channels.

Different sub channels may be allocated to different usersas a multiple access mechanism. This type of multiaccess scheme is called OFDMA.

OFDMA is essentially a hybrid of FDMA and TDMA.Users are dynamically assigned sub-carriers (FDMA) indifferent time slots (TDMA).

OFDMA is a flexible multiple access technique that canaccommodate many users with widely varyingapplications, data rates and QoS requirements.

WHY OFDM.?Reduces ISI

Minimize effect of multipath fading

Result in bandwidth saving

MIMO

One of the most popular Advanced Antenna

technology which is supported by LTE.

It offers higher throughput for a given bandwidth

and higher link range for a given power value.

The key idea is that a transmitter sends multiple

streams on multiple transmit antennas and each

transmitted stream goes through different paths

to reach each receiver antenna.

The different paths taken by the same stream to

reach multiple receivers allow canceling errors using

superior signal processing techniques.

SC-FDMA

It is a new multiple access technique that utilizes single

carrier modulation. It has an additional DFT processing

step preceding the conventional OFDMA processing.

In OFDM each sub carrier only carries information related to

one specific symbol while in SC-FDMA each sub carrier contain

information of all transmitted symbol.

FIVE SECURITY LEVELS DEINED BY

3GPP COMMITTEE.

Network access security

Network domain security

User domain security

Application domain security

Non-3gpp domain security

LTE-ADVANCE IS A MOBILE COMMUNICATION STANDARD,

FORMALLY SUBMITTED AS A CANDIDATE 4G SYSTEM TO

ITU-T IN LATE 2009.

IT WAS APPROVED INTO ITU, IMT-ADVANCE AND WAS

FINALIZED BY 3GPP IN MARCH 2011.

IT WAS COMMERICALY IMPLEMENTED IN OCTOBER 2012 BY

RUSSIAN NETWORK YOTA.

LOGO OF 1ST LTE- ADVANCE

International Journal of Security and Its

Applications Vol.8, No.4 (2014)

A Survey on Security Aspects for LTE and LTE-A

Networks IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS

& TUTORIALS, VOL. 16, NO. 1, FIRST

QUARTER 2014

http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/2007

/05/an_introduction.html

Wireless Multimedia Communication Systems:

Design, Analysis, and Implementation- By K.R. Rao,

Zoran S. Bojkovic, Bojan M. Bakmaz