ludo: an ontology to create linked data driven serious games
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Ludo: An Ontology to Create Linked Data Driven Serious Games
Oscar Rodrguez RochaCatherine Faron Zucker
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AgendaIntroductionSerious Games
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MotivationSemantic Web and Serious Games
Research questionsState of the artSemantic EducloudEducloud and Semantic Educloud projects
Future work
LudoDescription, components and use
Introduction
Games that do not have entertainment, enjoyment or fun as their primary purposeMichael, D.R., Chen, S.L.: Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform. Muska & Lipman/Premier-Trade (2005)Clark Abt (1970)Games may be played seriously or casually. We are concerned with serious games in the sense that these games have an explicit and carefully thought-out educational purpose and are not intended to be played primarily for amusement. This does not mean that serious games are not, or should not be, entertaining.Origins of Serious Games Djaouti, D., Alvarez, J., Jessel, J.P., Rampnoux. 2011
- we can trace the use of this term back to the Renaissance. Neo-Platonists used the term serio ludere to refer to the use of light-hearted humour in literature dealing with serious matters- 1970 Abts provides a clear definition of the SG term that has a close meaning to its current use - Computing based (T.E.M.P.E.R used by military officers to study the Cold War conflict on a worldwide scale) and also non-digital math-related games to be used in schools
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Motivation
From 12-570 datasets6
Research questions
Research questions8
How can Serious Games take advantage of the huge amount of structured data present in the Web of Data?
How can they take advantage of Semantic Web technologies?
How to represent and describe:Game players profile, context and learningDesign aspects and specifications of the gameKnowledge base(s) used by the game
How to monitor players learning?
How to enable the recommendation of educational resources to learners?Semantic Web and Serious Games
SPARQL RDFOWL
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State of the art
10Serious Games with a Semantic Web-related purposeOntogame Siorpaes et al.Seafish Thaler et al.WhoKnows? Waitelonis et al.RISQ! Wolf et al.Semantic Web-driven Serious GamesGames that represent structured data (LOD & Open Data) Frieberger et al.Great War Battle Game - Warren et al.State of the art
Semantic Web and Serious GamesCreation and DesignMetamodel for serious games Longstreet et al.Game content model: Ontology for documenting serious games design Tang et al
Ontogame: establish proper incentives for humans to help building ontologies for the Semantic WebSeaFish: a game for collaborative image annotation and interlinking without text WhoKnows: an online quiz that generates different kinds of questionnaires from DBpedia datasets to detect inconsistencies in Linked Data and score properties to rank them for sophisticated semantic search scenariosRISQ! - a Jeopardy!-like quiz game with questions automatically generated from LOD facts to gather ranking information for persons to provide a basis for the evaluation of seman- tic ranking heuristics.
present six prototypes of games that represent either structured data (from the Web of Data) or Open Data (from government, companies and organizations) within the game. present a work that simulates the terrain of a Great War battle by using data from different Linked Data sources.
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Ludo
12Ludo
The ontology in a nutshell
LearningEvents related to the learning of a specific player, In accordance with the statement- based vocabulary used by the TIN CAN API.
Game KBRepresents the datasets of from the Web of Data that the game can interact with.
Players profile & contextProfile information is represented using FOAF vocabulary.It also represents the virtual context of the player
Game designRepresents the rules, play and aesthetic information of a game.Based on GCM.
http://dbpedia-test-fr.inria.fr/ludo/ludo
13Game designGame content modelExampleludo:mainMenu rdf:type ludo:GamePresentation ; ludo:hasMediaComponent ludo:dice .ludo:dice rdf:type ludo:graphic; ludo:hasPosition ludo:dicePosition ; ludo:hasURI .ludo:dicePosition rdf:type ludo:coordinates; ludo:y "-40.0"^^xsd:double ; ludo:x "-40.0"^^xsd:double .
Game Content Model. Tang et al.
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14Players profileFOAF: Friend Of A Friend
ludo:GamePlayerfoaf:Person
foaf:knowsfoaf:pagefoaf:depictionfoaf:familyNamefoaf:imgfoaf:nickfoaf:agefoaf:givenNameExampleludo:player2 a ludo:GamePlayer;foaf:age 15 ; foaf:depiction ;foaf:family_name "Doe"; foaf:givenName "John"; foaf:nick "johny";
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15Players contextElements to represent the virtual context of the player
Virtual location
Virtual nearby players
Virtual activity
Game level
Exampleludo:player2 a ludo:GamePlayer;ludo:currentGameLevel ludo:level1; ludo:currentVirtualActivity ludo:va1.ludo:level1 rdf:type ludo:GameLevel; ludo:hasGameLevelNumber "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger; ludo:hasGameLevelDescription Initial level" .ludo:va1 rdf:type ludo:VirtualActivity; ludo:VirtualActivityDescription learning" .
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16Game knowledge base(s)VoID: Vocabulary of Interlinked DatasetsGeneral metadataTitle, description, license and domainFOAF and Dublin Core
Access metadataMethods for accessing the dataset.HTTP URIs, SPARQL endpoint, RDF data dump, URI lookup endpoint
Structural metadataInformation about the schema and internal structure of a datasetExample resources, resource URI patterns (URI namespace), vocabularies used, dataset statistics
Exampleludo:dbpedia rdf:type ludo:GameKnowledgeBase; void:sparqlEndpoint .
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17LearningxAPI OWL formalization
Example{ "id": "a34688ee-b85a-4a18-a64b-05e6b68bebd6", "actor": { "name": "Test User", "mbox": "mailto:[email protected]", "objectType": "Agent" }, "verb": { "id": "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/completed", "display": { "en-US": "completed" } }, "timestamp": "2015-10-09T12:54:41.489Z", "stored": "2015-10-09T12:54:41.786Z", "object": { "id": "http://id.tincanapi.com/activity/tincan-prototypes/tetris/levels/2", "definition": { "name": { "en-US": "Js Tetris Level2" }, "description": { "en-US": "Starting at 1, the higher the level, the harder the game." }, "type": "http://curatr3.com/define/type/level" }, "objectType": "Activity" }}Test User completed 'Js Tetris Level2:Statement1 rdf:type :Statement ; :id "a34688ee-b85a-4a18-a64b-05e6b68bebd6"^^xsd:string ; :actor :Actor1 ; :verb :Verb1 ; :object :Object1 ; :timestamp "2015-10-09T12:54:41.489Z"^^xsd:dateTime ; :stored "2015-10-09T12:54:41.786Z"^^xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:label "Statement 1"^^xsd:string .:Actor1 rdf:type :Actor ; :actorObjectType "Agent"^^xsd:string ; :mbox "mailto:[email protected]"^^xsd:anyURI ; :name "Test User"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Actor 1"^^xsd:string .:Verb1 rdf:type :Verb ; :display :LanguageMap1 ; :verbID "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/completed"^^xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:label "Verb 1"^^xsd:string .:LanguageMap1 rdf:type :LanguageMap ; :languageTag "en-US"^^xsd:string ; :languageVerb "completed"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Verb 1"^^xsd:string .:Object1 rdf:type :Object ; :objectDefinition :ActivityDefinition1 ; :objectID "http://id.tincanapi.com/activity/tincan-prototypes/tetris/levels/2"^^xsd:anyURI ; :objectType "Activity"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Object 1"^^xsd:string .:ActivityDefinition1 rdf:type :ActivityDefinition ; :activityDefinitionDescription :LMActivityDefinitionDescription ; :activityDefinitionName :LMActivityDefinitionName ; :activityDefinitionType "http://curatr3.com/define/type/level"^^xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:label "Activity Definition 1"^^xsd:string .:LMActivityDefinitionName rdf:type :LanguageMap ; :languageTag "en-US"^^xsd:string ; :languageVerb "JS Tetris Level2"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Language Map Activity Definition Name"^^xsd:string .:LMActivityDefinitionDescription rdf:type :LanguageMap ; :languageTag "en-US"^^xsd:string ; :languageVerb "Starting at 1, the higher the level, the harder the game."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Language Map Activity Definition Description"^^xsd:string .
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Demo
Loaded questions game
http://dbpedia-test-fr.inria.fr/ludo/semboardgame/
19PrinciplesA serious game for middle school studentsStudent = superheroIn a period of time (corresponding to its education program)In a city close to himMethodologyThe student discovers a real-life scenario (virtually created)He must solve puzzles that confront the myths and beliefs of that timeThe student will be able to acquire new skills, knowledge in art history, visual arts, geography and technologyGame will offer him the opportunity to travel by solving puzzlesSemantic Educloud
The Educloud project
http://www.gaya-technology.com/educloud/
20Semantic EducloudThe evolution
03 How?Semantic Web technologiesLinked Data resources present on the WebState of the art resource recommendation techniquesLearners profile and context information02 GoalImprove the recommendation of educational resources to the learner (the Educloud player)
01 Collaborative projectA research collaboration between INRIA and Gayatech
Future work21
Semantic Educloud projectImplementationEducational content recommendationExperimentationLudo:Release of the version 1.1 (http//ns.inria.fr)Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)Full xAPI OWL formalizationStudy new virtual context representation
LUDO and Semantic Educloud
22Thank you!