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Review: [untitled]

Author(s): Anthony LuttrellReviewed work(s):

A History of the Crusades. Volume VI: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe by KennethM. Setton ; Harry W. Hazard ; Norman P. Zacour

Source: The Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Apr., 1991), pp. 298-299Published by: Catholic University of America PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25023541

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298 BOOK REVIEWS

the creation of an analytic catalogue of the printed consilia, and finallya systematic

review of the manuscript collections. Giovanni Minnucci edits a notarial minute

recording the award of a doctorate in canon law on April 29, 1389, to a certainBartolo da Perugia. This minute is the oldest document of its kind, and Minnucci

proceeds to identify the persons mentioned therein, most notably the famous canon

ist Petrus de Ancharano.

In a Vatican manuscript Patrick Lally discovers independent corroboration of the

birth date (October 2, 1327) and death date (April 28, 1400) of Baldus de Ubaldis,

both attributions that hitherto had been based on second- or third-hand reports. Lally

not only suggests that this manuscript notice might have been a hitherto unidentified

source for thesereports,

but also locates themanuscript

itselfamong

"theworking

papers of Baldus and his immediate descendants" (p. 212), including the jurist's son

Zenobius. Phillip Stump rounds out this collection of essays with a research guide to

aid in the use of Jean-Dominique Mansi's edition (1759) of the acta of the Council of

Constance. The reader learns the relation of Mansi's Sacrorum conciliorum . . .

collectio to other prior printed conciliar collections and to manuscript sources.

Despite the well-known general deficiencies of other portions of Mansi's collection,

Stump acknowledges the value of his rendering of Constance acta "as a quite com

plete and easily accessible edition ... for the general scholar" (p. 239).

Robert C. Figueera

Saint Mary's College of Minnesota

A History of the Crusades. Kenneth M. Setton, General Editor. Volume VI: The

Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Edited by Harry W Hazard and Norman P.

Zacour.

(Madison:

The

University

of Wisconsin Press. 1990.Pp.

xxiv, 703.

$40.00.)

This work completes a major, and beautifully presented, monument in crusading

historiography planned over forty years ago by John LaMonte and others. Itwill in a

sense rank with the great Recueil of crusading chronicles and materials completed in

1906 and with the one-man narratives of Sir Stephen Runciman and of Hans

Eberhard Mayer. Although its initial dedication describes this work as volumen ulti

mum historiae expeditionum ad Terram Sanctum liberandam missarum, its scope

is really much greater. The six volumes of this History have broadened the subject's

scope?chronologically, to include the "later" crusades of the fourteenth and fif

teenth centuries; geographically,to cover many Asian, African, and European topics,

especially Muslim ones; politically, to describe "political" crusades and background

affairs within Latin Europe; and culturally, by devoting a whole volume to art and

architecture. Collective works inevitably result in certain unevennesses of quality and

attract criticism for their obvious, but often unavoidable, omissions; there is, for

example, no chapter devoted to Genoa, to the military orders as such, to papal policy

or to crusading warfare as opposed to fortifications. This great enterprise has taken

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BOOK REVIEWS 299

some four decades to complete, and Norman Zacour and the late Harry Hazard have

played a leading role in that process. It is, however, scarcely surprising that during

that time thesubject,

indeed thevery concept,

of the crusade has to some extent

been altered and redefined. In some ways that process has been influenced by this

History itself.

Volume VI falls into five distinct sections. The first includes studies on the theory,

propaganda, literature, and?to about 1270?the financing of the crusades; some of

these chapters are somewhat out of date and their subjects have recently been

developed further by Norman Housley and others. Two leading experts, Jean Richard

and David Jacoby, contribute studies on Cyprus and Latin Greece. A third section

consists of two important chapters by Halil Inalcik on the Ottomans and die crusades

down to 1522, which are separated by a study of the Crusade of Varna by Martin

Chasin. Inalcik's is a most useful contribution which provides a summary in English

of asubject needing an authoritative survey for the non-specialist; in so far as itwas

written some years ago, it may be supplemented with C. Imber, The Ottoman

Empire 1300-1481 (Istanbul: Isis Press, 1990). Unfortunately, the concentration on

this Ottoman aspect means that nowhere in the History is there any extended treat

ment of crusading confrontations, particularly at Smyrna, with the non-Ottoman

Anatolian emirates of the fourteenth century; for them, use should be made of E.

Zachariadou, Trade and Crusade: Venetian Crete and the Emirates ofMenteshe and

Aydin (1300-1415) (Venice: Library of the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post

Byzantine Studies, 1983). A fourth section of 132 pages treats crusader coinage with

Greek, Latin, and Arabic inscriptions, illustrating and describing sixty coins. Finally,

Hans Eberhard Mayer and Joyce McLellan provide 144 pages of bibliography. This is a

select, well organized, and efficiently presented list which is particularly valuable in

bringing bibliographies earlier in the History up to date. It provides a splendid

conclusion to a great achievement produced under the determined general editorship

and guidance of Kenneth Setton.

Despite its tide, this volume is only partly about Europe and the West. The crusade

was, however, an institution of the Roman Church, as recently emphasized in a new

vogue in crusading studies represented by James Brundage, Maureen Purcell, Norman

Housley, and others. Church and papacy naturally figure strongly in many chapters,

especially in the early volumes, and the earlier chapters in the sixth volume deal with

the legal and political theory of the crusade, yet there is little sustained treatment

explicitly of papal policy as such. The early chapters of this final volume provide

rather scant coverage of the later centuries, but anyone seeking an extended account

of papal interventions from 1204 onwards, of later crusades such as those to Smyrna,

Alexandria, and Nikopolis, and indeed of the subsequent confrontation of Islam and

theWest down to the battle at Lepanto in 1571, should consult another great multi

volume scholarly achievement, the work indeed of the general editor of this History.

K. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant: 1204-1571 (4 vols.; Philadelphia: American

Philosophical Society, 1976-1984).

Anthony Luttrell

Bath, England