macomb county state prevention framework state … · among the top 3 counties for alcohol related...

MACOMB COUNTY

STATE PREVENTION FRAMEWORK STATE INCENTIVE GRANT (SPF SIG) DATA PROFILE

ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC CRASHES, INJURIES, AND FATALITIES

UNDERAGE DRINKING OTHER DRUGS

August 2007 (Revised 9-4-07)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY DATA SOURCES PROBLEM STATEMENTS FIGURES

SECTION I – ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC CRASHES, INJURIES, AND FATALITIES page Figure 1: Top 20 County Rankings of Persons Killed or Seriously Injured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

In Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes from 2000 to 2004 Figure 2: Top 20 County Ranking of Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes in 2005 . . . . . . . . . . A-8 Figure 3: Trend Data of Number and Percent of Alcohol Related Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Crashes from 1996 to 2005 Figure 4: County Comparison of the Number of Alcohol Involved Fatal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Crashes in 2005 Figure 5: Number and Percent Non-Alcohol Involved versus Alcohol Involved . . . . . . . . . . A-10

Fatal Traffic Crashes from 2001 to 2005 Figure 6: Number and Percent of Non-Alcohol Involved versus Alcohol Involved . . . . . . . . A-10

Injuries from 2001 to 2005 Figure 7: Number and Rates of Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes in 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11 Figure 8: Number and Rates of Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes in 2005 by . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Figure 9: Number of Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes by Macomb County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13

Cities in 2005 Figure 10: Map of Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes by Macomb County Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14 Figure 11: Warren City Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15 Figure 12: Map of Top 50 Highest Crash Sites in Warren City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 Figure 13: Clinton Township Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Figure 14: Sterling Heights Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 Figure 15: St. Clair Shores Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19 Figure 16: Roseville Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 Figure 17: Bar Graph - Number of Alcohol Related Traffic Fatalities by City . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21 Figure 18: Number of Driving Under the Influence Arrest by Age in 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 Figure 19: Ages with the Highest Number of Driving Under the Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22

Arrest in 2005 Figure 20: Percent of Driving Under the Influence Arrests by Race and Sex in 2005 . . . . . . . . . A-23 Figure 21: Number of Driving Under the Influence Arrests by Police Department . . . . . . . . . . . A-24 Figure 22: Number of Driving Under the Influence Arrest by Underage Drinkers . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25

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SECTION II – UNDERAGE DRINKING page Figure 1: Past Month Use of Alcohol by Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26 Figure 2: Alcohol Consumption by 8th, 10th, and 12th graders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27 Figure 3: Past Month Binge Drinking by Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-28 Figure 4: Daily and Heavy Alcohol Use by 8th, 10th, and 12th graders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-28 Figure 5: Number of Liquor Law Arrests by Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30 Figure 6: Ages with the Highest Number of Liquor Law Arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30 Figure 7: Percentage of Liquor Law Arrests by Race and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31 Figure 8: Number of Liquor Law Arrests by Police Department in 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-32 Figure 9: Number of Liquor Law Arrests of Underage Drinkers by Police Department . . . A-32 Figure 10: Number of Active Liquor Licenses by City in 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33 Figure 11: Number of Active Liquor Licenses by School Districts in 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35

SECTION III – OTHER ALCOHOL CONSEQUENCES, TOBACCO AND OTHER DRUGS Figure 1: Number of Alcohol Treatment Admissions by Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39 Figure 2: Number of Alcohol Treatment Admissions by Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-40 Figure 3: Prevalence of Cigarette Consumption in Southeastern Region and State. . . . . . . . A-42 Figure 4: Trend of Cigarette Consumption Prevalence by Collapse Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-43 Figure 5: Prevalence of Cigarette Consumption by Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-43 Figure 6: Number of Lung Cancer Deaths by Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44 Figure 7: Rates of Lung Cancer Deaths by Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44 Figure 8: Drug Treatment Admissions by Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-45 Figure 9: Percent of Persons in Treatment by Illicit Drug Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-46 Figure 10: Number of Persons in Drug Treatment for Heroin by Age Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . A-46 Figure 11: Number of Persons in Treatment for Cocaine by Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47 Figure 12: Number of Persons in Treatment for Marijuana by Age Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-48 Figure 13: Number of Persons in Treatment for Methamphetamine by Age Groups. . . . . . . . A-49 Figure 14: Number and Rates of Drug Misuse Deaths by County in 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50 Figure 15: Number and Rates of Drug Suicide Deaths by County in 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50 Figure 16: Top 5 Drugs involved in Drug Misuse Deaths in 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-51 Figure 17: Top 5 Drugs involved in Suicide Deaths in 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-52 Figure 18: Number of Suicide Deaths by All Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-53 Figure 19: Rate of Suicide Deaths by All Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54 Tables Table 1: Number of Active Liquor Licenses by Zip Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-34 Table 2: Number Liquor Licenses by School District in 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35 Table 3: Top 50 Highest Crash Intersections in Macomb County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37 Table 4: Number and Rate of Alcohol Liver Disease by Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-41

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SUMMARY The Phase I State Prevention Framework State Incentive Grant process marks the completion of a regional needs assessment of the state level priority substance use and abuse indicators, Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Deaths and Underage Drinking, by the Macomb County Community Epidemiological Workgroup (CEW). Upon extensive review of the data related to these priority indicators, the CEW has identified high risk areas or “hot spots” within Macomb County to begin implementing preventive strategies that would reduce the county and consequently the state, level burden of alcohol related traffic crashes and underage drinking. The data identifies Macomb County as a state level hot spot for the priority problems, alcohol related traffic crashes, injuries and fatalities. Trend data shows that Macomb has been consistently ranked among the top 3 counties for alcohol related crashes. An extensive review of key indicators including injuries, fatalities, and DUI (Driving Under the Influence) arrests show approximately 60% of the crashes occurring within five cities; Warren, Clinton Township, Sterling Heights, St. Clair Shores and Roseville, all situated on the southeastern regions of the county. The CEW has identified these five cities plus Fraser, located within the same region, as the SPFSIG target areas to begin implementing prevention strategies. Data also show that zip codes with the highest risk population (18 – 24 year old) for alcohol related traffic crashes reside within these cities. Liquor law and DUI arrests among adult and youth also occurs at a disproportionate rate within in these target areas. The information presented in this report is based on available data from national, state, and local level surveillance systems, reports, and surveys that helped provide a multidimensional assessment of the State level Priority Problems. The first section details problem statements including numbers and rates of indicators related alcohol traffic crashes, injuries, deaths, and DUI arrests. The second section highlights available data related to underage drinking, underage drinking and driving behaviors, and arrests as a result of underage drinking. The third section presents data on other alcohol related consequences, tobacco consumption and consequences and other drugs consequence. Following assessments of various substance abuse data indicators, there were gaps identified that if addressed, would improve needs assessment of substance use and abuse problems. These gaps include;

• Ongoing collection of county, city, and school district level consumption data for youth alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs consumption patterns and risk and protective factor indicators

• Inadequate trend data on alcohol, tobacco and other drug consumption patterns to enable accurate trend analysis

• Need for available data systems to track prescription drug use and abuse including Schedule II drug classification and over the counter drugs at the county and city level

• Uniform county level data system for tracking hospital discharges by various causes including substance use and abuse

• Lack of available data on poisonings due to intentional poisoning and drug and alcohol misuse

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Identified Data Gaps (Continued) • Need for a system the would link and share data from publicly and privately funded treatment

facilities • More complete reporting of law enforcement data which displays all offenses for a single arrest • More information needed for law enforcement data including time of arrests • Lack of data on parents ticketed and prosecuted for alcohol and drugs laws • Need for simple data system counting the number of minor in possesses (MIP) tickets by city,

zip codes, and school districts • Ability to assess whether DUI and Liquor Law arrests data correlate with law enforcement

efforts or magnitude of offenses • Lack of County and City level data for alcohol related chronic diseases • Availability of DHS data which link persons in treatment facilities and children in social

services • Linkage between Social Indicator data and Substance Abuse including school failure and

success • Data on more tobacco consequences including asthma and emphysema • Limited and the lack for uniform data collection of demographic data for ethnicity by

geographic location • Drinking among women of child bearing age and fetal alcohol syndrome • Alcohol and drug use and their effects on infectious diseases; hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS • Alcohol/drug use and unemployment • Alcohol/drug use and homicide and other violent crimes; availability of data to communities to

enable needs assessment • Alcohol/drug use and suicide and co-morbid mental disorders

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DATA SOURCES

Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug Related Consequences Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes, Injuries and Fatalities: Michigan Traffic Crash Facts 2005, Office of Highway Safety Southeastern Michigan Council of Government (SEMCOG), 2005 Michigan Drunk Driving Audit, Michigan State Police, 2005 Alcohol and Drug Related Arrests: Michigan Drunk Driving Audit, Michigan State Police, 2005 Michigan Uniform Crime Report, Michigan State Police, 2005 Active Liquor Licenses: Michigan Liquor Control Commission, Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth, 2007 Alcohol and Drug Treatment Admissions: Office of Drug Control Policy, Treatment Episode Data Set 2004 - 2006. Treatment admissions rate was calculated by the Macomb CEW epidemiologist Alcohol Related Disease Deaths: Centers for Disease Control, CDC Wonder, 2000 – 2004 Lung Cancer Case Diagnosis and Deaths: Michigan Residence Incidence Cancer File, Michigan Department of Community Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, 1985 - 2004 Drug Misuse Deaths and Drug Related Suicides: Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2003 Suicide Deaths by All Causes: Center for Disease, CDC Wonder, 2000 – 2004 Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug Consumption Adult Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Consumption Data: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), Michigan Department of Community Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, 1999 – 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSA), 1999 - 2002 Youth Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Consumption Data: Macomb County Alcohol and Drug School Survey, Macomb County Intermediate Schools District (MISD), 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSA), 1999 - 2002 Other Sources The US Census Bureau, 2000 Census Data .

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PROBLEM STATEMENTS

SECTION I - ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC CRASHES, FATALITIES AND INJURIES

Alcohol Related Crashes According to Michigan Traffic Crash Facts, the number of alcohol related traffic crashes occurring in Macomb County have been on a slow decline over the past ten years. However, the number of alcohol related traffic crashes, injuries and fatalities in the county continues to contribute significantly to the state level impact of this problem. Data reverting from 1996 shows that Macomb County has been consistently ranked among the top fourth counties with the highest number of alcohol related traffics deaths and severe injuries (Figure 1). Figure 2 shows that in 2005, there were 945 alcohol related traffic crashes occurring at a rate of 11.41 crashes per 10,000 persons; a total that represented nearly eight percent (8%) of the total number of alcohol related traffic crashes that occurred statewide.

F igure 1: Top 20 C ounty Ranks ‐ Number of Pers ons K illed or S eriouly Injured in Alcohol Related Traffic C ras hes

2001 ‐2005

148

153

170

171

178

188

199

200

211

238

241

248

262

267

314

438

544

605

807

1,505

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Bay

C alhoun

Monroe

Berrien

Van Buren

Allegan

J ackson

Ottawa

S t. C lair

L ivingston

Ingham

Washtenaw

S aginaw

Muskegon

Kalamazoo

Genessee

Kent

Macomb

Oakland

Wayne

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F ig ure 2. Top 20 C ounty Ranks : Alcohol Related T raffic C rashes 2005

163175193216219224236237245269280315354407413

655946

10351406

1950

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

S tatewide AverageAlleganBerrienC alhounS t. C lair

B ayJ acks on

Mus kegonL ivings ton

MonroeS aginawOttawaIngham

K alamazooWashetenawGennes s ee

MacombK ent

OaklandWayne

Data S ource: Michigan Drunk Driving Audit, 2005

F igure 3: Macomb C ounty: Number & Perc ent of Alcohol Related Motor Vehic le C ras hes by Year

1996 ‐ 2005

1,677 1,557

1,516

1,314

1,193

1,041

1,091

1,044

1,081

945

4.0%4.3%

3.7%

6.0%

5.5% 5.7%

5.0%

4.4%

4.1% 4.0%

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Y ear

Number of Alcohol R

elated

Crash

es

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

% Crash

es of Total C

rash

es

Number of C rashes

P ct of C rashes

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In 2005, nearly five percent (15 total deaths) of the state’s total deaths resulting from alcohol related traffic crashes occurred in Macomb, making it the fourth among the counties for the highest number of alcohol related traffic deaths, a rate of 0.19 deaths per 10,000 persons (Figure 4). Figure 5 shows that alcohol and drug involved traffic crash deaths declined from twenty - six (26) deaths in 2004 to eighteen (18) deaths in 2005. However, five year trend data shows fluctuations in the number alcohol related traffic deaths each year since 2001. Depicted in Figure 5 and Figure 6 are the percentages of alcohol and drug related traffic deaths and injuries versus the non alcohol related traffic deaths over a period of time in Macomb County. Trend data shows that the likelihood of death in a traffic crash is significantly high when alcohol and drugs are involved. In 2005, alcohol involvement accounted for approximately 6.5 percent (349) of total traffic crash injuries in Macomb County. When compared to the total number fatalities from traffic crashes, alcohol involvement accounted for approximately forty-four (44% or 18) of the total traffic crash deaths in Macomb County.

F ig ure 4: Top 20 C ounty Ranks : Number of Alcohol Involved F atal C rashes 2005

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

11

14

14

15

20

23

53

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Barry

C heboyagan

S tatewide Average

C linton

J acks on

Ottawa

Van Buren

Berrien

Allegan

Lapeer

L ivings ton

S aginaw

S t.C lair

K alamazoo

Ingham

K ent

Washtenaw

Macomb

Gennes s ee

Oakland

Wayne

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F ig ure 5: Mac omb C ounty: Non Alc ohol Vs . Alc ohol and Drug Involved F atal C ras hes , 2001‐2005

37 36 3428

23

29 (44%)

16 (31%)27(44%)

26(50%)

18 (44%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Total Alcohol and Drug InvolvedF atal C ras hes

Non Alcohol Involved F atal C rashes

Data S ource: Michigan Drunk Driv ing Audit, 2001 ‐ 2005

F ig ure 6: Mac omb C ounty: Non Alc ohol Vs . Alc ohol and Drug Involved Injury C ras hes , 2001‐2005

53825533

5403

5076 5025

427 (7.4%)

471 (7.8%)

442 (7.6%)

434 (7.9%)

349(6.5%)

4400

4600

4800

5000

5200

5400

5600

5800

6000

6200

2001 2002 2003 1004 2005

Total Alcohol and Drug Involved InjuryC ras hesNon Alcohol Involved Injury C ras hes

Data S ource: Michigan Drunk Driving Audit, 2001 ‐ 2005

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Age When 2005 alcohol related traffic crash data was stratified by age groups, it showed that crashes occurred at a higher frequency among persons between the ages of 21 to 24 years. Figure 7 shows the rate of alcohol related traffic crashes among this age group was 51.7 per 10,000 persons (234 total crashes), a rate more than 4.5 times higher than the county level rate of 11.41 per 10,000 persons. The second age group with the highest rate of alcohol related traffic crashes were persons 25 to 30 years (40.6 per 10,000 persons), followed by persons 31 to 40 years (23.6 per 10,000 persons) and persons 41 to 50 years at 24.9 per 10,000 persons. Alcohol related traffic crashes among persons between the ages 12 to 20 occurred at a rate of 16.2 per 10,000 persons. Figure 8 displays the data stratified by age groups that could be used for analyzing alcohol related traffic crashes among college age persons. The data shows that the rate of alcohol related traffic crashes increased by 12 percent, at a rate of 58 per 10,000 persons, when persons between the ages 18 through 20 years are included in the total number of alcohol related traffic crashes occurring among college aged persons 18 – 24 years. The rate and number of alcohol related traffic crashes among persons under age 18 years decreased significantly by 88.5% to a rate of 1.84 per 10, 000 persons, when 18 through 20 year olds are removed from this age category. Figure 7: Macomb County: Number & Rate of Alcohol Related Traffic Crashes by Five Age Groups

2005

167

234

300310

220

51.7

16.2

40.6

23.6 24.9

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

12 - 20 21 - 24 25 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 Age Group

Number of Crashes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Rate

Alcohol Related Crashes

Rate per 10,000 person

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Figure 8: Macomb County: Number & Rate of Alcohol related Traffic Crashes by these Age Groups

in 2005

35

366

639

1.84

58

25.73

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

under 18

18 - 24 25 - 44

Age G

Number of Crashe

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Rate

Number of Crashes Rate per 10,000 persons

Location Alcohol related traffic crash data geographically shows higher number of occurrances within cities and on roads situated on the southeastern region of Macomb County. Cities with the highest number alcohol related traffic crashes includes Warren, Clinton Township, Sterling Heights, St. Clair Shores, and Roseville. Intersections within the county with the highest number of crashes from the period of 2001 to 2005 included, Dequindre Rd between Eleven and Twelve Mile Roads; Van Dyke Rd. between Ten and Eleven Mile Roads and Eight and Nine Mile Roads; Gratiot Avenue between Hall and Twenty-one Mile Roads; and Hayes Road. between Nineteen Mile and Hall Roads. Table 1 on page A-37 includes a listing of the top 50 high crash intersections in Macomb County.

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F igure 9: Macomb C ounty: Alcohol Involved Traffic C ras hes by C ity, 2005

1

1

1

1

4

4

11

11

12

13

14

16

22

24

26

31

47

47

49

62

73

102

108

118

147

945

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

R omeo

R ichmond

New Haven

Armada

R ichmond Twp

Bruce

R ay Twp

Lenox Township

New Baltimore

C enter L ine

Armada Twp

Utica

F raser

Mt. C lemens

Washington Twp

E as tpointe

S helby Twp

Macomb Twp

C hesterfield Twp

Harrison Twp

R oseville

S t. C lair S hores

S terling Heights

C linton Twp

Warren

Total

Number of C ras hes

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Figure 10

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Warren The City of Warren had 138, 247 residents in the year 2000, the highest population in Macomb County. Twenty-three percent (23%) of the population is under the age of 18 (US Census Bureau, 2000). In 2005, Warren had a total of 147 alcohol related traffic crashes at a rate of 10.7 per 10,000 persons (15 percent of the county’s total crashes); the highest in the county. Six year trend data beginning from the year 2000 shows that alcohol related crashes have been on a slow and steady decline. In 2005, there were 53 fewer alcohol related traffic crashes, a thirty six percent (36%) decrease when compared to 2004.

F igure 11: Macomb C ounty Top 5 Alcohol Related C ras h C ities

1 ‐ Warren C ity: 2000 ‐ 2005

239

203214

189200

147

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Y ear

Num

ber

of Cra

shes

Figure 12:

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Clinton Township

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Clinton Township has the third largest population in Macomb County with 95,648 persons residing within the city limits. Twenty-two percent (22%) of the population is less than eighteen years old. Clinton Township also had the second highest number of alcohol related traffic crashes at 118 (12.5%) total crashes in 2005. This is rate of 12.4 per 10,000 persons. Trend data shows that the number alcohol related traffic crashes has been unstable since 2000 and is currently on a decreasing trend.

F igure 13: Macomb C ounty Top 5 Alcohol Related C ras h C ities

2 ‐ C linton Twp: 2000 ‐ 2005

140

118

136

117

141

118

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Num

ber

of Cra

shes

Sterling Heights

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The City of Sterling Heights has the second largest population in Macomb County with a population of 124,471 of which twenty four percent is 18 years of age (2000 Census Bureau). In 2005, 108 total alcohol related traffic crashes occurred in Sterling Heights, a rate of 8.67 crashes per 10,000 persons making it the third in the county for the highest number of crashes. Five year trend data shows a slow decline in the number of alcohol related traffic crashes since the year 2000.

F igure 14: Macomb C ounty Top 5 Alcohol Related C ras h C ities 3 ‐ S terling Heights : 2000 ‐ 2005

143

132

118124

117

108

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Number

of Crash

es

St. Clair Shores

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St. Clair Shores has a total population of 63,096 people; twenty percent of this population is under age eighteen years. Five year trend data shows that the number of alcohol related traffic crashes has been on an increasing trend since 2001. In 2001, there were a total of 95 alcohol related traffic crashes in the city; this rate has increased in subsequent years. In 2005, there was a total of 102 alcohol related traffic crashes, a sixteen percent increase in crashes since the previous year. The rate of alcohol related crashes in St. Clair Shore was 16.1 crashes per 10,000 persons in 2005.

F igure 15: Macomb C ounty Top 5 Alcohol Related C ras h C ities 4 ‐ S t. C lair S hores : 2000 ‐ 2005

95

61

84

75

85

102

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Year

Num

ber

of Cra

shes

Roseville

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The city of Roseville is ranked fifth in the county for alcohol related traffic crashes. In 2000, there were approximated 10,467 residents living within the city; twenty-one percent (21%) of this population was under age eighteen years. Trend data shows that the number alcohol related traffic crashes is on a decline in Roseville. In 2005, there were a total of seventy-three alcohol related traffic crashes, a rate of 69.7 crashes per 10,000 persons.

F igure 16: Macomb C ounty Top 5 Alcohol Related C ras h C ities 5 ‐ Ros eville: 2000 ‐ 2005

112

9387

97 98

73

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Year

Number of Crash

es

Fatalities by Location Surveillance data shows that there were a total of fifteen alcohol related fatalities in Macomb County occurring at a rate of .019 deaths per 10,000 persons in 2005. Of the total deaths, three (3) occurred in Warren and Clinton Township at a rate of 0.21 and 0.31 deaths per 10,000 persons respectively. There were a total of two deaths each in Macomb Township and Eastpointe followed by one death in Roseville, Ray Township, Harrison Township, Chesterfield Township, and Armada Township. Armada Township had a total fourteen (14) alcohol related crashes in 2005. Figure 17 displays the cities in Macomb County in which deaths due to alcohol related traffic crashes occurred.

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F ig ure 17: Mac omb C ounty: 2005 Alc ohol Related T raffic F atalities by C ity

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

3

3

15

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Armada Twp

Ches terfield Twp

Harris on Twp

Ray Twp

Ros eville

E as tpointe

Macomb Twp

C linton Twp

Warren

Total

Data Source: Michigan Traff ic Crash Facts for County/Communities, Office of Highw ay Safety and Planning, 2005

Alcohol Related Consequences – Driving Under the Influence arrests According to the 2005 Michigan Drunk Driving Audit, Macomb County had the third highest number of Driving While Impaired (DUI) arrests in the State with 4,167 total arrests. Of these arrests, nearly sixteen percent (16%) were among persons between the ages 21-24 at a total of 657 total arrests. Another fourteen percent (14%) were among the age group 25 – 29 years with a total of 587 arrests, followed by persons between the ages 30 – 34 with a total of 458 arrests. Persons under the age of 21 years were arrested seven percent (7%) of the time with a total of 308 arrests in 2005. When the age groups were stratified at the single age level, persons age 21 and 22 years had the highest number of arrest with 172 and 175 arrests, respectively. Figure 18 and Figure 19 show the number of Driving Under the Influence Arrest by age.

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F ig ure 18. Macomb C ounty: Number of DUI Arres t by Age, 2005

308

657

587

400

458

369344

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

13 ‐20 21 ‐24 25 ‐29 30‐34 35‐39 40‐44 45‐49Ag e Group

Number of Arres

ts

*L iquor Law ‐ Unlaw fully acquiring, manufac turing, trans porting, s elling intox icating alcohol liquorData S ource: Michigan Uniform Crime Report, 2005

F ig ure 19. Macomb C ounty: Ag es with Hig hes t Number of DUI Arres ts , 2005

86

123

108

172 175

141

169

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

18 19 20 21 22 23 24Age

Data S ource: Michigan Uniform Crime Report, 2005

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DUI Arrests by Race The data shows that seventy-six percent (76%) of the total arrests made in Macomb county were among Whites at a rate of 43.5 arrests per 10,000 persons; sixty seven percent (67%) of the total arrests made were among White males and twenty-one (21%) were among White females. Among Blacks, eight percent (8%) of arrests were made at a rate of 152.9 arrests per 10,000 persons; seven percent (7%) of the total arrests were among Black males and two percent (2%) were among Black females (Figure 20).

F ig ure 20. Macomb C ounty: Perc ent of DUI Arres ts by Rac e & S ex , 2005

White Males , 67.0%

White F emales , 21.0%

B lack Males , 7.0%

B lack F emales , 2.0%

Other Males , 2.0%

Other F emales , 0.7% Data S ource: Michigan Uniform Crime Report, 2005

DUI Arrests by Location Figure 21 shows the number of DUI arrests by police department. According the Michigan Uniform Crime Reports (2005), the Macomb County Sheriff’s Department reported the most number of arrests at 749 arrests. The Sheriff’s Department covers a jurisdiction of 114, 647 people, and has a total of 251 sworn officers to serve this population. The city of Warren had the second highest number of arrests with a total of 475 arrests in 2005. Warren’s police department serves a jurisdiction of 138, 247 persons, and has a total of 239 sworn officers to cover this jurisdiction. Clinton Township had the third highest number of arrests with 333 total arrests. Clinton Township’s police department serves a jurisdiction of 95,648 people, and has 105 sworn officers to cover this population. The Michigan State Police arrested the fourth highest number of people with 300 arrests made. The city of Utica made the fifth highest number of arrests with 245 total arrests. The city of Utica serves a population of 4,577 and has 17 sworn offers to serve this population.

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F ig ure 21. Macomb C ounty: Number of DUI Arres ts by Police Departments , 2005

0

0

1

1

15

15

19

22

50

59

66

98

130

164

172

179

183

240

245

300

333

400

475

749

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

G ros s e P ointe S hores

Macomb C omm C ollege

Metro Beach

S toney C reek

Mount C lemens

Romeo

Memphis

Armada

R ichmond

New Haven

E as tpointe

New Baltimore

C hes terfield Twp

C enter L ine

S helby Twp

Ros eville

S aint C lair S hores

F ras er

Utica

MS P

S terling Heights

C linton Twp

Warren

Macomb C o S herriff

Number of DUI Arrest DUI Arrests - Underage Drinkers Among persons under the age of 21 years, there were a total of 323 arrests made by Macomb County police departments. Figure 22 shows that the Macomb County Sheriff’s Department made the highest number of arrests among persons between the ages 13-20 with 73 total arrests. The city of Warren made the second highest total arrests, 36 among this age group. Clinton Township made 34 arrests, followed by Fraser and Sterling Heights with 28 and 26 arrests, respectively.

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F ig ure 22. Macomb C ounty: Number of DUI Arres ts of Underag e Drinkers 13 ‐ 20 years by C ity, 2005

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

2

2

4

5

8

9

13

13

17

24

26

26

28

34

36

73

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Macomb Comm College

Metro Beach

Mount Clemens

S aint Clair S hores

S toney Creek

A rmada

Gros s e Pointe S hores

New Haven

Romeo

Eas tpointe

Memphis

Ches terfield Tw p

Ros eville

Center L ine

Richmond

New Baltimore

Utica

S helby Tw p

S terling Heights

Fras er

Clinton Tw p

Warren

Macomb Co S herriff

Number of Arrests

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SECTION II - UNDERAGE DRINKING

Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSHDUH) and the Macomb County Alcohol Tobacco and Drug Use Survey (MISD) were used to assess the impact of underage drinking on the County. NSHDUH data provides alcohol consumption prevalence rates by coordinating agency (CA) region broken down by age groups that are useful for comparing CA regions to statewide prevalence rates. The Macomb County Alcohol Tobacco and Drug Use Survey provides alcohol consumption prevalence rates for youth in 8th, 10th and 12th grades in 2003. According to these surveys, there are larger percentages of alcohol use and binge drinking among Macomb’s youth compared to the statewide rates. The 1999-2002 NSDUH data indicated that there were a higher percentage of youths who reported past month use of alcohol in Macomb County when compared to the state. The data shows that 18.6 percent of youth ages 12 -17 years old reported past month use of alcohol in Macomb compared to 16.9 percent statewide. Among persons 18-25 years 41.6 percent in Macomb County reported past month use compared to 42.5 percent statewide. Figure 1 shows the prevalence of past month use by age groups in Macomb County and in Michigan. The Macomb Alcohol and Drug Use Survey which also tracks past month alcohol use among middle and high school students showed that in 2003, twenty-one percent (21%) of 8th graders, forty-five percent (45%) of 10th graders, and sixty-one percent (61%) of 12th graders reported past month use of alcohol. Forty-nine percent (49%) of 12th graders reported past month use nationally. Figure 2 displays the percentage of middle and high school students who reported past month use of alcohol and ever trying alcohol in 2003.

F ig ure 1: Macomb C ounty & S tatewide: Alc ohol C ons umption ‐P as t Month Us e by Age G roup, 1999 ‐ 2001

18.60%

63.81%

54.95%

16.96% 62.82% 51.19%0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

12 ‐17 18 ‐ 25 26 or older

Macomb

S tatewide

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F ig ure 2: Macomb C ounty: Alc ohol C ons umtion ‐ E ver T ried and Pas t Month Us e, 2003

46%

21%

71%

45%

85%

61%

78%

49%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

E ver Tried Alcohol P as t Month Use

8th

10th

12th

12th National

Data S ource: Alcohol and Other D rug Us e S chool S urvey, Macomb C ounty Intermediate S chool D is trict, Binge Drinking Binge drinking which is defined as having 5 or more drinks in one setting. It has been correlated with many adverse health and social consequences including death and injury as a result of alcohol related traffic crashes and arrests. According to the 1999-2002 NSDUH data 11.6 percent of youth ages 12 -17 reported binge drinking in Macomb County. The statewide prevalence rate was 11 percent during this same period. Among 18-25 year olds, 41.7 percent of persons between the ages 18-25 reported binge drinking compare to 42.6% statewide; 19.52 percent of persons age 26 or older reported binge drinking. Figure 3 shows the countywide and statewide comparison of binge drinking prevalence by age group (NSDUH). Among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders who reported drinking, ten percent (10%) of 8th grader, twenty-eight percent (28%) of 10th graders, and 41% of 12th graders reported heavy drinking. The national rate of heavy drinking among 12th graders in 2003 was twenty-nine (29%). Figure 4 shows the percentages of 8th, 10th and 12th graders who reported daily and heavy use of alcohol in 2003 (MISD).

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F ig ure 3: Macomb & S tatewide: Alc ohol C ons umption ‐ Pas t Month B ing e Drinking by Ag e Group, 1999 ‐ 2001

11.59%

41.68%

19.52%

11.09% 42.56% 19.82%0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

12 ‐17 18 ‐ 25 26 or older

Macomb

S tatewide

F ig ure 4: Macomb C ounty: Alc ohol C ons umption ‐ Daily and

Heavy Us e, 2003

1%

10%

3%

28%

4%

41%

4%

29%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Daily Use Heavy Use

8th

10th

12th

12th National

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Drinking and Driving and Riding Behaviors Highly correlated with the underage drinking and young adults binge drinking rates are the number of alcohol related traffic crashes and DUI arrests among these age groups when compared statewide. According to the Macomb County Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug School Survey (MISD 2003), eighteen percent (18%) of 12th graders reported driving after drinking, nine percent (9%) reported driving after binge drinking, twenty-four percent (24%) reported riding with someone who had been drinking, and fourteen percent (14%) reported riding with someone who had been binge drinking. Among 10th graders, eight percent (8%) reporting drinking and driving behavior, four percent (4%) reported driving after binge drinking, twenty-eight percent (28%) reported riding with a someone who had been drinking and fourteen percent (14%) reported driving with someone who had been binge drinking. Among 8th graders, three percent (3%) reported drinking and driving, two percent (2%) reported driving after binge drinking, twenty-five percent (25%) have ridden with a drinking driver, and twelve percent (12%) rode with a driver who had been binge drinking.. There were 308 DUI arrests made among underage drinkers. See Figure 18 (page A-22) in alcohol related traffic crash section Liquor Laws Arrests Liquor law arrests can be made as a result of minors or adults unlawfully acquiring, manufacturing, transporting, and selling intoxicating alcohol liquor to minors and is a useful indicator for assessing the impact of underage drinking in a community. In 2005, there were a total 791 liquor law arrests in Macomb County (Michigan Uniformed Crime Reports, 2005). Among those arrested, approximately sixty-seven percent (67%) were between the ages 13 – 20 years old, a total of 521 arrests (Figure 5). There were 71 (9%) arrests made among persons between the age 21-24 and 43(5%) arrests made among persons 25-29 years old. When stratified by the individual age level (Figure 6), persons ages 18, 19, and 20 were arrested more frequently than persons of other ages, with total number of arrest 112, 141, and 109, respectively. The data also shows (Figure 7) that of the total number of arrests made for liquor law violations, eighty-five percent (85%) were made among Whites, at a rate of 9.20 arrests per 10,000 persons; sixty-seven percent (67%) of the total arrests were among White males and twenty-one percent (21%) were among White females. Among Blacks, there were 94 (12%) arrests made, a rate of 44 arrests per 10,000 persons; ten percent (10%) among Black males and two percent (2%) among Black females. There were two arrests made among Native American/Alaskan Native persons and two made among Asian Pacific persons. There were no arrests identified as Hispanic persons.

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F ig ure 5: Macomb C ounty: Number of L iquor L aw Arres ts , 2005

529

7143 36

1735 31

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

13 ‐20 21 ‐24 25 ‐29 30‐34 35‐39 40‐44 45‐49

Age Group

Number of Arres

ts

F ig ure 6: Macomb C ounty: Ages with the Highes t Number of L iquor L aw Arres ts , 2005

21

55

77

112

141

109

26

1814 13

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Age

Number of Arrests

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Figure 7.

Liquor Law Arrests by Location Geographically, the highest number of arrests was made in the City of Warren with a total of 167 arrests for liquor law violations (Figure 8). The Macomb County Sheriff’s Department made 76 arrests. Eastpointe’s police department, serving a jurisdiction of 34, 077 people and having 50 sworn officers, made 70 arrests, followed by Clinton Township at 63 arrests and Sterling Heights at 62 arrests. Among underage persons (Figure 9), the highest number of arrests was made in Warren, a total of 76 arrests, followed by Shelby Township at 56 persons arrested between the ages 13-20, 55 arrests by the Macomb County Sheriff’s Department and 51 arrests made by the Chesterfield police department. The Chesterfield police department serves a jurisdiction of 37,405 persons with 46 sworn officers covering the jurisdiction. Figure 8.

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Figure 9

Active Liquor Licenses

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33

Data reporting the number of liquor licenses provides another dimension of assessing the problem of drinking and driving and underage drinking based on the density of active licenses within a given area. There were 1,077 active licenses within Macomb County. As illustrated in Figure 10, the City of Warren had the highest number of liquor licenses at 200. Zip codes within this area comprising the highest number of licenses are 48089, 48091, 48092, and 48093. The city with the second highest number of liquor licenses is Sterling Height with a total of 136 active liquor licenses. Zip codes with a high density of liquor licenses in Sterling Heights are 48310, 48312, 48313, and 48314. St. Clair Shores had the third highest number of license at 111 active licenses, followed by Roseville and Utica with 82 active licenses each. See Table 1 for the number active liquor licenses by zip code. Figure 11 shows the number of liquor licenses by school district. Utica Community Schools had the highest number with 191 active licenses within district bounderies. Warren Consolidated schools had the second highest with 133 licenses, followed by L’Anse Creuse Public Schools (94), Roseville Community Schools (75) and Chippewa Valley Schools(56). Table 2 shows the number of liquor licenses by school districts. Figure 10.

Macomb C ounty: Number of Ac tive L iquor L ic enc es by C ity , 2007

2

66

814

1616

1726

2934

3642

5152

5457

8282

111135

200

0 50 100 150 200 250

CHE S TE RF IE LD TOWNS HIP

ARMADA NEW HAVE N

RAY R ICHMOND

C E NTE R L INE ROME O

WAS HINGTONFRAS E R

NEW BALTIMORE MACOMB

LE NOX HARR IS ON TOWNS HIP

S HE LB Y TOWNS HIP MOUNT C LE ME NS

E AS TP OINTE UTIC A

ROS E V ILLE S A INT C LAIR S HORE S

C L INTON TOWNS HIP S TE R L ING HE IGHTS

WARRE N

Data S ource: Michigan L iquor C ontrol Commis s ion, 2007

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Figure 11.

Table 1. Number of Active Liquor Licenses by Zipcodes City Zip code Number of Liquor License Armada 48005 6Centerline 48015 16Eastpointe 48021 54Frazier 48026 26Clinton Township 48035 41

48036 2348038 46

Macomb Township

48042 12Mount Clemens 48043 52Macomb Township 48044 23Harrison Township 48045 42Chesterfield/New Baltimore 48047 35Lenox/New Haven

48048 748050 1

Chesterfield 48051 30Richmond 48062 14Romeo 48065 15Roseville 48066 82St. Claire Shores 48080 45

48081 2148082 16

Warren 48088 348089 5348091 5248092 4748093 45

Washington 48094 1148095 7

Ray 48096 8Sterling Heights 48310 35

48312 3948313 3848314 23

Shelby Township/Utica 48315 28Shelby Township/Utica 48316 31Shelby Township/Utica 48317 49Total Count 1076

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Table 2. Number of Liquor Licenses by School District, 2007

Almont Community Schools 1

Anchor Bay School District 29

Armada Area Schools 11

Center Line Public Schools 32

Chippewa Valley Schools 56

Clintondale Community Schools 21

East Detroit Public Schools 49

Fitzgerald Public Schools 28

Fraser Public Schools 41

Lake Shore Public Schs. (Macomb) 20

Lakeview Public Schools (Macomb) 32

L'Anse Creuse Public Schools 94

Memphis Community Schools 0

Mt. Clemens Community Sch. Dist. 52

New Haven Community Schools 14

Oxford Area Community Schools 0

Richmond Community Schools 13

Rochester Community School Dist. 0

Romeo Community Schools 32

Roseville Community Schools 75

South Lake Schools 32

Utica Community Schools 191

Van Dyke Public Schools 33

Warren Consolidated Schools 133

Warren Woods Public Schools 12

Macomb C ounty: Number of Ac tive L iquor L ic ens es by S chool Dis tric ts , 2007

0

0

0

1

11

12

13

14

20

21

28

29

32

32

32

32

33

41

49

52

56

75

94

133

0 50 100 150 200 250

Memphis Community S chools

Oxford A rea Community S chools

Roches ter Community S chool Dis t.

A lmont Community S chools

A rmada A rea S chools

Warren Woods Public S chools

Richmond Community S chools

New Haven Community S chools

Lake S hore Public S chs . (Macomb)

C lintondale Community S chools

Fitz gerald Public S chools

Anchor Bay S chool Dis tric t

Center L ine Public S chools

Lakeview Public S chools (Macomb)

Romeo Community S chools

S outh Lake S chools

V an Dyke Public S chools

Fras er Public S chools

Eas t Detroit Public S chools

Mt. Clemens Community S ch. Dis t.

Chippew a V alley S chools

Ros eville Community S chools

L 'A ns e Creus e Public S chools

Warren Consolidated S chools

Utica Community S chools

Data S ource: Michigan L iquor Control Commis s ion, 2007

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County Rank

Regional Rank Table 3. Top 50 Intersection

All Crashes 2000 - 2005

Alcohol Related Crashes 2000 -

2005 4 18 Dequindre Rd from 11 Mile Rd to 12 Mile Rd 532 25

11 44 Van Dyke Ave from E 10 Mile Rd to E 11 Mile Rd 408 25

31 121 Van Dyke Ave from 8 Mile Rd to 9 Mile Rd 293 23

17 68 N Gratiot Ave from Hall Rd to 21 Mile Rd 353 22

1 10 Hayes Rd from 19 Mile Rd to Hall Rd 581 20

2 14 23 Mile Rd from Donner Rd to S Foster Rd 546 20

43 152 23 Mile Rd from Baker Rd to Jefferson Ave 270 19

9 36 Groesbeck Hwy from 15 Mile Rd to Metropolitan Pkwy 444 18

7 30 Hall Rd from Schoenherr Rd to Hayes Rd 468 17

8 33 Gratiot Ave from 23 Mile Rd to 26 Mile Rd 457 16

4 18 Van Dyke Ave from Plumbrook Rd to 18 Mile Rd 532 15

22 86 Van Dyke Ave from Van Dyke/ Chicago RAMP to 14 Mile Rd 327 14

25 95 Harper Ave from E 8 Mile Rd to E 9 Mile Rd 318 13

35 136 Dequindre Rd from 14 Mile Rd to 15 Mile Rd 282 13

10 38 Dequindre Rd from 12 Mile Rd to 13 Mile Rd 440 12

30 119 Gratiot Ave from Masonic Blvd to E 14 Mile Rd 295 12

42 147 E 9 Mile Rd from Gratiot Ave to Kelly Rd 275 12

33 125 Gratiot Ave from E 11 Mile Rd to Martin Rd 290 11

6 20 Van Dyke Rd from 29 Mile Rd to W Saint Clair St 531 10

24 91 Garfield Rd from 19 Mile Rd to Hall Rd 322 10

27 98 14 Mile Rd from Ryan Rd to Dequindre Rd 316 10

31 121 Hall Rd from Van Dyke Ave to Hall/ S M 53 RAMP 293 10

35 136 Hall Rd from Hayes Rd to Garfield Rd 282 10

46 184 Van Dyke Ave from W 14 Mile/N M 53 RAMP to Van Dyke Ave

253 10

14 56 Hayes Rd from Hall Rd to 21 Mile Rd 379 9

38 142 E 12 Mile Rd from John R Rd to Dequindre Rd 278 9

40 145 Hall Rd from Van Dyke Ave to S M 53/ Hall RAMP 277 9

28 100 8 Mile Rd from Dequindre St to Ryan Rd 315 8

37 141 Garfield Rd from 17 Mile Rd to 18 Mile Rd 279 8

44 159 Groesbeck Hwy from Martin Rd to 12 Mile Rd 266 8

45 167 23 Mile Rd from Hayes Rd to Romeo Plank Rd 261 8

47 186 Hall Rd from Romeo Plank Rd to Heydenreich Rd 252 8

48 196 Ryan Rd from 12 Mile Rd to 13 Mile Rd 248 8

20 81 Hall Rd from Garfield Rd to Romeo Plank Rd 335 7

26 97 Hall Rd from Hayes Rd to Tilch Rd 317 7


49 199 Garfield Rd from 18 Mile Rd to Canal Rd 247 7

12 45 Hall Rd from Northpointe Blvd to Schoenherr Rd 405 6

16 60 Gratiot Ave from Frazho Rd to E 11 Mile Rd 369 6


3 16 Hall Rd from Schoenherr Rd to Hayes Rd 534 5

13 52 23 Mile Rd from Gratiot Ave to 23 Mile/ W I 94 RAMP 391 5

15 57 Van Dyke Ave from 11 Mile Rd to Martin Rd 378 5


41 146 Ryan Rd from 15 Mile Rd to Metropolitan Pkwy 276 5

18 71 Schoenherr Rd from Canal Rd to Hall Rd 346 4

19 77 12 Mile Rd from Dequindre Rd to Ryan Rd 336 4


29 104 Van Dyke Ave from Auburn Rd to 21 Mile Rd 312 4

49

199 Schoenherr Rd from 15 Mile Rd to Schoenherr Rd 247 3

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SECTION III – OTHER ALCOHOL CONSEQUENCE, TOBACCO AND OTHER DRUGS

Alcohol Treatment Note: Treatment admissions data can be useful when assessing the burden of substance abuse morbidity on a community. Decision makers should however use caution when utilizing this type of data due to the tendency for shifts in the number of admissions to also reflect administrative and policy changes. Admissions are also limited by available resources. The Macomb County Office of Substance Abuse (MCOSA) has had to maintain extensive waiting lists for individuals seeking intensive levels of treatment in recent years. Treatment needs exceed capacity in the County, so the number of admissions understates the burden of substance abuse addiction for Macomb County. Alcohol is the most common substance resulting in treatment admissions in Macomb County. Figure 1 shows that since 2004, the number of alcohol treatment admissions has been on a steady increase. In 2006, there were 2,018 admissions, a rate if 24.8 admissions per 10,000 persons, for alcohol related problems in Macomb County’s treatment facilities; an 11 percent increase in number of admissions since 2004. Figure 1

Macomb County: Number of Alcohol Treatment Admissions by Year (2004 -2006)

1,796

1,957

2,018

1,650

1,700

1,750

1,800

1,850

1,900

1,950

2,000

2,050

2004 2005 2006

Year

Num

ber o

f Tre

atm

ent A

dmis

sion

s

Data Source: Office of Drug Control Policy, Treatment Episode Data Set, 2004 - 2006

According to the 2006 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) data, shown in Figure 2, persons between the ages 36 – 44 were admitted more frequently for alcohol treatment than other age groups at 567

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admissions, followed by persons between the ages 45 – 54 with 511 admissions in 2006. The total number of persons between the ages 21-25 admitted for alcohol treatment in 2006 was 228. There were 173 persons under the legal drinking age admitted for treatment in 2006. Figure 2

Macomb County: Alcohol Treatment Episode Admissions by Age (2006)Total Persons in Alcohol Treatment = 2,018

1

32

140

228

192

267

567

511

76

40

100

200

300

400

500

600

under 14 14-17 18-20 21-25 26-29 30-35 36-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age

Num

ber o

f Adm

issi

ons


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Alcohol Liver Disease Deaths Table 4 shows Macomb County alcohol related liver disease deaths between the years 2000 – 2004. There were 187 deaths from alcohol liver disease in Macomb County.. Persons between the ages 45 – 54 had more death occurrences than any other age groups at a rate of 10.0 deaths per 100,000 persons (68 total deaths). There were 3 persons between the ages 25 – 34 who died from alcohol liver diseases. There were no deaths among underage drinkers from alcohol liver disease (CDC Wonder, 2000 – 2004). Table 4

Tobacco Trend data shows that cigarette consumption in Macomb has been on a steady decline since 1995 (Figure 4). However, trend data shows that the prevalence of cigarette consumption continues to be

County Age Group Count Population Crude Rate Per 100,000

Macomb County

25-34 years 3 692,533 0.4 (Unreliable)

35-44 years 48 792,679 6.1

45-54 years 68 682,740 10.0

55-64 years 38 459,400 8.3

65-74 years 22 326,992 6.7

75-84 years 5 244,807 2.0 (Unreliable)

85+ years 3 80,924 3.7 (Unreliable

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consistently higher the statewide rate. Figure 3 shows that Macomb in 2005 ranked fourth in Michigan in the percent of individuals who are current smokers. According the Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFSS), 29.2% of Macomb residents reported smoking during the period of 1995-1999. In 2005, the prevalence rate had decreased significantly to a rate of twenty-three percent (23%), a twenty-one percent (21%) decrease. The statewide smoking rate in 2005 was 21.9%. Figure 4 shows Macomb county cigarette smoking rates compared regionally and statewide (BRFSS, 2005). Figure 5 shows current month cigarette use by age for Macomb and Michigan based on data for 1999 to 2001. The NSDUH data showed 14.7% percent of youths 12-17 reported past month cigarette use; statewide15.3% of this age group reported past month use. Among persons 18-25 years old, 45.5% reported past month cigarette use compared to 44.2%, statewide; 27% of persons 26 or older in Macomb County reported past month cigarette use compared to 26.2% statewide. Figure 6 displays NSDUH data on cigarette consumption by age group. Figure 3

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Figure 4

Figure 5 Lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality behind prostrate cancer and is useful when assessing the impact of cigarette consumption. Trend data from the Michigan Resident Incidence Cancer Files (1985 – 2004) shows that lung cancer death rates in Macomb County have

Macomb County & Statewide: Cigarette Consumption - Past Month Cigarette Use, 1999 -2001

14.73%

45.53%

27.02%

15.32%

44.29%

26.28%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

12 -17 18 - 25 26 or olderAge Group

Macomb Statewide

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been unstable but remained consistently higher the state level rates over the past 20 years, correlating with consistently higher cigarette consumption rates. In 2003, the rate of lung cancer deaths was 79 per 100,000 population in Macomb County; the statewide lung cancer death rates was 75.2 per 100,000 population in 2003. Figure 6 and Figure 7 display 20 years trend data of lung cancer deaths in Macomb County. Figure 6

Macomb County: Number of Lung Cancer Deaths by Year, 1985 - 2004

352 341 349 354

396416

435

486

436459 469 467

509

472491

519

482 489 495 484

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Macomb County: Michigan Resident Incidence Cancer File, 1985 - 2004 Figure 7

Illicit Drug Consequences Heroin As Figure 8 and Figure 9 illustrate, in Macomb County there are more treatment admissions for heroin (38%) and cocaine (29%) dependency than all other (non-alcohol) drugs combined. When compared to all other drug types, treatment admissions for heroin use have been on a steady increase

Macomb County & Statewide: Lung Cancer Death Rates

72.0 71.2

76.1 75.3

86.1 85.089.3

86.683.4

85.9

80.484.3 83.3

86.0

76.7 78.2

83.6

78.3

69.6 70.3 70.7 72.1

77.4 76.2

81.679.1 80.6

78.175.8 75.4 74.3

79.0

75.2

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Macomb RateStatewide Rate

Macomb County: Michigan Resident Incidence Cancer File, 1985 - 2004

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from 2004 with a 24.6 percent increase. The data in Figure 10 shows that persons between the ages 21-25 have been admitted for heroin treatment more often than other age group. Persons between the ages 30-35 and 36-44 are also admitted in high numbers for heroin treatment. In 2006, there were 120 persons between the ages 18-20 admitted for heroin treatment and 9 between the ages 14 – 17. During the same period, there were 338 cases admitted to treatment for use of other opiates; 11 percent of all admissions in 2006. Figure 8

Macomb County: Drug Treatment Admissions by Year (2004 - 2006)

874

1,1261,159

830867 888

592 617 610

159

233

338

4 9 654 67 81

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

2004 2005 2006

Year

Num

ber o

f Tre

atm

ent E

piso

de A

dmis

sion

s

HeroinCocaineMarijuanaOpiatesMethamphetaminesOther


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Figure 9 Macomb County: Percent of Persons in Treatment by Illicit Drug Categories (2006)

Total Number of Persons in Drug Treatment = 3,082

Cocaine, 29%

Marijuana, 20%

Opiates, 11%

Methamphetamines, 0.20%

Other, 3%

Heroin, 38%


Figure 10

Macomb County: Number of Persons in Drug Treatment for Heroin by Age, 2006Total Persons in Treatment - 1,159

09

120

254

169

197 200

183

27

00

50

100

150

200

250

300

under 14 14-17 18-20 21-25 26-29 30-35 36-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age

Num

ber o

f Tre

atm

ent A

dmis

sion

s


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Cocaine Cocaine use is the second highest (non-alcohol) drug type for treatment admissions in Macomb County. In 2006, 29 percent of cases admitted for treatment were due to cocaine use and dependency. The number of admissions for cocaine use has increased slightly over the past 3 years, however not at the rate of heroin use. The age group more frequently admitted to cocaine treatment is persons 36-44 with 337 admissions in 2006. There were 103 persons between the ages 21-25 admitted to treatment in 2006. In addition, there were 31 persons under the age of 21 admitted to treatment for cocaine use in 2006. Figure 11

Macomb County: Number of Persons in Treatment for Cocaine Use by Age, 2006Total Persons in Admissions - 888

0 2

29

103

79

180

337

139

190

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

under 14 14-17 18-20 21-25 26-29 30-35 36-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age

Num

ber o

f Adm

issi

ons


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48

Marijuana In 2006, 20 percent (610 cases) of Macomb County’s treatment admissions were due to marijuana use and dependency. Trend data shows that the number of treatment admissions for marijuana use has been unstable since 2004 and has decreased slightly since last year. Figure 12 data shows that persons between the ages 14-20 had the highest number of admissions for marijuana with 197 admissions, a rate of 38 per 10,000 persons in 2006. There were 172 admissions among persons between the ages 21-25, a rate of 35.6 per 10,000 persons in 2006. Figure 12

Macomb County: Number of Persons in Marijuana Treatment, 2006Total Admissions - 610

2

68

127

172

7467

60

36

4 00

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

under 14 14-17 18-20 21-25 26-29 30-35 36-44 45-54 55-64 65+Age

Num

ber o

f Adm

issi

ons


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Methamphetamine In 2006, there were a total of 6 treatment admissions for methamphetamine use. Figure 13 shows that four of those 6 cases were among persons between the ages 21-25. There was one admission for persons under 21 years. Figure 13

Macomb County: Number of Persons in Methamphetamine Treatment, 2006

0 0

1

4

0 0

1

0 0 00

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

under 14 14-17 18-20 21-25 26-29 30-35 36-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age

Num

ber o

f Adm

issi

ons

Data Source: Office of Drug Control Treatmet Episode Admissions Data Sets, 2006

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Illicit Drug Deaths According to the 2003 Drug Abuse Warning Network Report (DAWN) illustrated in Figure 14, there were 76 deaths from drug misuse in Macomb County, a rate of 93.4 per 1,000,000 persons. Figure 15 shows that there were a total of 11 (a rate 13.5 per 1,000,000 persons) suicide deaths in which illicit drugs were used. Figure 14

Southeast Michigan: Number and Rate of Drug Misuse Deaths, 2003

76

116

15

339

93.4 9688.7

167.1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Macomb Oakland St. Clair Wayne

County

Num

ber o

f Dea

ths

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Rat

e pe

r 1,0

00,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Number of DeathsRate

Data Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2003

Figure 15

Southeast Michigan: Number and Rate of Drug Suicide Deaths, 2003

11

18

0

2413.5

14.9

0

11.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Macomb Oakland St. Clair Wayne

County

Num

ber o

f Dea

ths

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Rat

e pe

r 1,0

00,0

00 p

opul

atio

nNumber Rate


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51

DAWN data is only available for the tri metropolitan areas of Detroit –Warren –Livonia for lower level analysis. Using this data stratified by drug type (Figure 16) shows that opiate use resulted in more deaths (418) from drug misuse in the tri metro areas than any other drug type. Cocaine resulted in the second most drug misuse deaths (289) and alcohol resulted in 156 deaths. Prescription drugs such as anti-anxiety and antidepressants resulted in the fourth (144) and fifth (109) highest drug misuse deaths. Figure 16

Detroit-Warren-Livonia: Top 5 drugs involved in Drug Misuse Deaths, 2003

418

289

156144

109

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Opiates Cocaine Alcohol Benzodiazepines Antidepressants

Drug Type

Num

ber o

f Dea

ths


Drugs and Suicide As shown in Figure 17, use of opiates also accounted for the highest number of deaths for drug - involved suicidal deaths in 2003 in the tri metro areas. Benzodiazepines resulted in 23 deaths, the second highest number of deaths by drug type, and antidepressants were involved in 20 suicidal deaths in 2003 (DAWN, 2003). Figures 18 and 19 show that drugs are listed as the fourth leading cause of suicide, although one can suspect that many other causes involve the use of alcohol and other drugs.

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Figure 17

Detroit-Warren-Livonia: Top 5 drugs involved in Suicide Deaths, 2003

35

23

20

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Opiates/Opioids Benzodiazepines Antidepressants Misc. anxiolytics, sedatives, andhypnotics

Num

ber o

f Dea

ths


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53

Figure 18

Macomb County: Number of Suicide Deaths by All Causes, 2000 - 2004

1

1

2

2

3

4

5

5

5

6

7

40

43

51

105

139

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

smoke, fire and flames

by crashing of motor vehicle

organic solvents and halogenated hydrocarbons and their vapours

exposure to pesticides

antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs

nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics

drowning and submersion

handgun discharge

jumping or lying before moving object

by sharp object

jumping from a high place

exposure to other gases and vapours

exposure unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances

rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge

hanging, strangulation and suffocation

unspecified firearm discharge

Data Source: CDC Wonder, 2000-2004

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Figure 19

Macomb County: Rate of Suicide Deaths By All Causes, 2000 -2004

0.2

0.2

0.5

0.5

0.7

1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.7

9.9

10.7

12.6

26

34.4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

smoke, fire and flames

by crashing of motor vehicle

organic solvents and halogenated hydrocarbons and their vapours

exposure to pesticides

antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs

nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics

drowning and submersion

handgun discharge

jumping or lying before moving object

by sharp object

jumping from a high place

exposure to other gases and vapours

exposure unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances

rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge

hanging, strangulation and suffocation

unspecified firearm discharge

Data Source: CDC Wonder, 2000-2004

macomb county state prevention framework state … · among the top 3 counties for alcohol related...

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