Macromolecules

Carbon

Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules

by bonding to four other atoms

Isomers

Structural =

Difference in covalent

bonds

Cis-trans = Difference

in arrangement around

double bond

Enantiomers =

Difference in shape

due to the presence of

an asymmetric carbon

Pharmacological Enantiomers

Awakenings

Thalidomide

Chemical Groups

Functional

Groups

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids (not classified as a macro)

Nucleic Acids

Monosaccharides

Aldehyde or

Ketone with

hydroxyl

groups

Glucose

Disaccharides

Glycosidic linkages – connection between

two monosaccarides

Polysaccharides (Storage)

Polysaccharides (Storage)

Cellulose (Structural)

Chitin (Structural)

Lipids - Hydrophobic

Triglycerides

Glycerol

Three fatty acids

Ester Linkages

Saturated vs. Unsaturated

Trans fat – hydrogenated oils

Phospholipids

Lipid Functions

Energy storage

Cushions internal organs

Insulation

Membrane Structure

Water storage

Toxic storage

Chemical Messengers

Proteins

Peptide Bonds

Primary

Structure

Secondary Structure

Tertiary Structure

Quaternary Structure

Hemoglobin

Protein Functions

Structural

Storage

Transport

Hormonal (Coordination of body activities)

Receptor

Movement (Contractile and motor)

Defensive

Enzymes

Nucleic Acids