macronutrients: fats, proteins, carbohydrates essential amino...
TRANSCRIPT
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You are what you eat
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Macronutrients: fats, proteins, carbohydrates
Vitamins and minerals Hydrophobic Hydrophilic
Essential amino acids
OH
vitamin A (retinol)
O
OHHO
OHO
HO
vitamin C
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Nutritional periodic Table
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Essential amino acids
3
H2N
O
OHmethionine
S
H2N
O
OHvaline
H2N
O
OH
HOthreonine
H2N
O
O
phenyl alanine
H2N
O
OHleucine
H2N
O
OHisoleucine
H2N
O
OHHN tryptophan
H2N
O
OH
NH2
lysine
H2N
O
OH
N
HN
histidine
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Essential fatty acids
HO
O
Linoleic acid
HO
O
α-Linolenic acid
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Caloric “Need”
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Energy use
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Feeling the heat
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How long would you have to walk to “burn off” a snickers bar? (271 Calories per snickers; 280 Calories per hour for walking)
271 Calories × 1 hr280 Calories
= 0.97 hr
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The average human needs about 2000 Cal per day. Times 4 that’s ~8000 kJ per day. 8 Snickers bars! 12 12 oz. Cokes! Want a more balanced diet? How about 6 Snickers bars and 3 Cokes?
Feeling the Heat
9 Cal/gè3500 Calories/lb
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Feeling the heat
9
How long would you have to jog to lose a pound of fat? (3500 Calories per pound; 590 Calories per hour for jogging)
3500 Calories × 1 hr590 Calories
= 5.9 hr
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Feeling the Heat Globally
World Population
7 billion As of October 31, 2011
China 1.3 billion (19.2%)
India 1.2 billion (17%) European Union 500 million (7.1%)
USA 315 million (4.5%) Indonesia 238 million (3.3%)
Brazil 197 million (2.8%) Pakistan 181 million (2.6%) Nigeria 170 million (2.4%)
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Feeling the Heat Globally
Feeding the World
7 billion (7 x 109) people As of October 31, 2011
8000 kJ per person per day
3 million (3 x 106) kJ per person per year
7 billion x 3 million = 21 x 1015 kJ = 21 x 1018 J
1 Exajoule (EJ) = 1018 J
21 EJ to feed the world
21 x 1018 J x 1 tank of gas/2.1 x 109 J = 10 billion (US passenger fleet = 250 million; fill up 50 times/year = 12.5 billion)
21 x 1018 J x 1 Snickers bar/1.0 x 106 J = 21 trillion (2 billion sold in 2011)
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Feeling the Heat Globally
Energy Use in 2011
7 billion (7 x 109) people As of October 31, 2011
21 EJ to feed the world
World 540 EJ – 100% (with 1.3 billion people) 77 GJ/person China 115 EJ – 21.3% (with 1.3 billion people) 88 GJ/person
USA 100 EJ – 18.5% (with 315 million people) 317 GJ/person EU 74 EJ – 13.8% (with 500 million people) 148 GJ/person
Former SU 45 EJ – 8.3% (with 285 million people) 158 GJ/person
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Feeling the Heat Globally
1 kgoe – 4.4 x 107 J (not 1010 as the caption says) 1000 kgoe/person = 44 GJ/person
Based on countries shown on the graph such as Hong Kong, it is possible to substantially reduce energy consumption without necessarily decreasing quality of life.
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Reactive Nitrogen
Dinitrogen gas is 78% of the atmosphere, but it’s inert (i.e. useless) to the vast majority of living things…reactive forms are more useful but also potentially more dangerous:
Plants can use these forms
pollutants
fertilizer
greenhouse gas
in aerosols
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Redox in the Nitrogen Cycle
• 1) Nitrogen fixation by soil bacteria
• 2) Nitrification
• 3) Denitrification
N(0) N(-III) N(-III)
N(III) N(V)
N(II) N(tricky) N(0)
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The Nitrogen Cycle
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C-BNF = reactive nitrogen created from cultivation of legumes, rice, and sugarcane
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) à 2 NH3(g) Fe cat
Haber-Bosch process:
Link Between Reactive Nitrogen and Population Growth