main report road safety assessment report

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August 2007


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Table of Contents


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Project: Consultancy Services for Feasibility, Environmental and Social Studies for PSRSP Sheet: 1 of5Document: 2005086/RH/Table of Contents Date: August 2007

Table of Contents Revision: R3

Road Safety Assessment Report Consulting Engineering Services (I) Pvt. Ltd

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ROAD SAFETY ASSESSMENT REPORT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERALL APPROACH

1.1 Necessity

1.2 Background

1.3 Objective

1.4 Methodology to Achieve the Objective

1.5 Difficulties Encountered to Achieve the Objective

1.6 Suggested Method to Improve the Accident Data for Future

1.7 Police Districts and Police Stations in Punjab1.8 Distribution of State Roads Network in NH, SH & MDR

1.9 Additional Work Done

2.0 METHODOLOGY FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

2.1 Methodology for Accident Data Collection2.1.1 Discrepancies in Accident Data and Causes2.1.2 Rectification of Accident Data

2.2 Methodology for Accident Data Analysis2.2.1 Accident Severity Index (ASI)2.2.2 Accident Analysis Module

3.0 ACCIDENT DATA ANALYSIS AND CAUSES

3.1 Accident Data Analysis3.1.1 Data Analysis3.1.2 Accident Details3.1.3 Type of Accidents

3.2 Causes of Accidents3.3 Summary of Analysis3.4 Remedial Measures

4.0 ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS AND SEVERITY INDEX

4.1 Accident Black Spot4.1.1 ASI Thresholds

4.2 Black Spot Identified on National Highways (NH)4.3 Black Spots Identified on State Highways (SH) & Major District Roads (MDR)4.4 Black Spots Identified on Project Roads

4.4.1 Package-I, Phase-I Roads4.4.2 Rehabilitation Roads4.4.3 Upgradation Roads4.4.4 Phase-II Roads

4.5 Analysis for Other Roads


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5.0 GUIDELINES FOR ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

5.1 Introduction5.2 Objective5.3 Involvement5.4 Methodology5.5 Recommendations

6.0 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

6.1 MIS for Accident Reporting

6.2 Data Entry, Analysis and Display

6.3 List of Hardware and Equipments

6.4 Software for Road safety Related MIS including GIS

6.5 Training in Accident Data Collection and Use of GIS

6.6 Summary of Cost


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Police District / Number of Police Stations

Table 1.2 Distribution of RoadsTable 3.1 Accidents on Different Type of Roads

Table 3.2 District & Injury wise - Percentage Matrix

Table 3.3 Accident wise Injury Percentage for Different Areas

a) Collision in Urban Areasb) Collision in Semi Urban Areasc) Collision in Rural Areas

Table 3.4 Area wise Distribution of Accidents

Table 3.5 Area Wise Distribution of Predominant Type of Accidents (%age)

Table 4.1 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Different National Highways

Table 4.1A Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Different National Highways

Table 4.2 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on SH

Table 4.2A Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on SH

Table 4.3 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on MDR

Table 4.3A Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on MDR

Table 4.4 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads

Table 4.4A Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads

Table 4.5 Black Spot Locations on Rehabilitation Roads

Table 4.5A Description of Black Spot Locations on Rehabilitation Roads

Table 4.6 Black Spot Locations on Upgradation Roads

Table 4.6A Description of Black Spot Locations on Upgradation Roads

Table 4.7 Black Spot Locations on Phase-II Roads

Table 4.7A Description of Black Spot Locations on Phase-II Roads

Table 6.1 List of Hardware and EquipmentsTable 6.2 Cost of Software

Table 6.3 Consultancy Charges for Training

Table 6.4 Summary of Cost

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Methodology Adopted for Identification of Accident Black Spots/ Stretches

Figure 1.2 Description of Data Analysed Under Road Safety

Figure 2.1 %age of FIR/Data-Collected, Processed & Analysed

Figure 4.1 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on National Highways

Figure 4.2 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on State HighwaysFigure 4.3 Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Major District Roads

Figure 4.4 Black Spot Locations on Project Roads

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 List of District wise Police Stations

Appendix 2 Sample: Accident Report Form

Appendix 3 Sample FIR Both in Punjabi and Translated English Version

Appendix 4 Chainage wise Detail of Accidents within each Police Station Jurisdiction for NH

Appendix 5 Summary of Road/km wise Accident Details for NH

Appendix 6 Accident Black Spot Locations on NH with ASI=>50 & Sum of Accidents in Last Five

Years =>20Appendix 7 Chainage wise Detail of Accidents within each Police Station Jurisdiction for SH


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Appendix 8 Summary of Road wise Accident Details for SH

Appendix 9 Detail of Accident Black Spot Locations on SH with ASI=>30

Appendix 10 Chainage wise Detail of Accidents within each Police Station Jurisdiction for MDR

Appendix 11 Summary of Road wise Accident Details for MDRAppendix 12 Detail of Accident Black Spot Locations on MDR with ASI=>30

Appendix 13 Detail of Accident Black Spot Locations on Project Roads (1698 km)

Appendix 14 Detail of Accident Black Spot Locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads

Appendix 15 Chainage wise Detail of Accidents within each Police Station Jurisdiction for ODR

Appendix 16 Charts showing the trend of accidents in last 5 years (2001 to 2005) for the identified

black spot locations on NH


black spot locations on SH


black spot locations on MDR


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ACRONYMS

AIG Assist Inspector General

ASI Accident Severity Index

CES Consulting Engineering Services (I) Pvt. Ltd

DPR Detail Project Report

FIR First Information Report

GIS Geographical Information System

GPS Global Positioning System

IG Inspector General

IRC Indian Road Congress

MDR Major District Road

MIS Management Information System

NH National Highway

NHAI National Highway Authority of India

ODR Other District Road

PRBDB Punjab Road and Bridge Development Board

PSRSP Punjab State Road Sector Project

PS Police Station

PWD Public Works Department

RSA Road Safety Audit

SH State Highway

SSP Senior Superintendent of Police

TAS Technical Advisory Service

TOR Terms of ReferenceWB World Bank


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Executive Summary& Recommendations


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Project: Consultancy Services for Feasibility, Environmental and Social Studies for PSRSP Sheet: 1 of6Document: 2005086/RH/Chapter 1 Date: August 2007

Introduction And Overall Approach Revision: R3


1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERALL APPROACH1.1 Necessity

Punjab Road and Bridge Development Board (PRBDB) assigned CES to carryout the

Engineering, Economic, Environmental and Social Feasibility Studies of about 1698 kms of roads

which formed Package-I, Phase-Iof Punjab State Road Sector Project.

As an integral part of this component, the Consultant was also required to prepare a report

containing road safety issues for about 3000 km of SH and MDR and prioritize them in order of

Accident Severity and suggest typical remedial measures and Road Safety Audit Guideline.

According to Para (e) of Appendix A: Description of Services: Scope of Services: The

Consultant will collect road accident data covering a network of approximately 3000 km

comprising of State Highways and Major District Roads (MDR) classified by type, location andother details from the police stations, local road authorities and local enquires, identify accident

black spots and suggest remedial measures.

This report titled as Road Safety Assessment is being submitted in fulfillment of the TOR and

the additional requirement of PRBDB.

1.2 BackgroundIn the past 20 - 30 years, road accident fatalities and injuries are increasing at an alarming rate in

India including Punjab. The main reasons are phenomenal increase in vehicle population, along

with lack of matching initiatives for improvements in road infrastructure and application of

modern traffic control and management tools to tackle such problems effectively and efficiently.

It is distressing to note that on an average, 7 persons are killed in road accidents every day.

Besides causing untold misery to the victims families, casualties in road accidents cause huge

economic loss to the society. The present road accident death rate per 10,000 vehicles in India is

25 compared to 1 in Japan and 2 to 4 in many of the advanced countries of the world.

Appropriately therefore the Road Safety Assessment has been included as part of the

Engineering, Economic, Environmental and Social Feasibility Studies, recommended by the

World Bank.

1.3 ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is identifying the accident black spots by analyzing the past

police records on SH & MDR, and recommending appropriate mitigation measures in some of the

typical cases for making roads in Punjab safer.


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However, the exact location and chainage were not available for many accidents1.6 Suggested Methodology to Improve Accident Data for Future

In order to obviate future difficulties, and to generate more accurate data with an eye on

ultimately to have live data by a GIS system, the Consultants have suggested, not only a concise

and comprehensive accident record format, but also recommended the Hardware, Equipment,

Software, and Training for the Police Department. Please refer to Chapter 6 for details.

1.7 Police Districts and Police Stations in PunjabPunjab State is divided into 23 police districts as given below in Table 1.1. The accident data was

provided from 253 police stations under them.

Table 1.1: Police Districts/Number of Police Stations

Sl.

No.Police District

No. of Police

Stations

Sl.

No.Police District

No. of Police

Stations

1 Amritsar 13 13 Khanna 5

2 Majitha 8 14 Patiala 16

3 Gurdaspur 16 15 Barnala 7

4 Batala 12 16 Sangrur 12

5 Tarn Taran 11 17 Fatehgarh Sahib 6

6 Jalandhar 21 18 Ferozepur 17

7 Kapurthala 10 19 Muktsar 7

8 Nawan Shahar 6 20 Moga 89 Hoshiarpur 10 21 Faridkot 6

10 Ludhiana 20 22 Mansa 10

11 Jagraon 6

12 Ropar 11

23 Bathinda 15

The list of Police Stations under each Police District is given inAppendix 1

1.8 Distribution of State Roads Network in NH, SH & MDRThe distribution of 4800 km roads in the state of Punjab for the identification of accident prone

stretches and the black spots amongst NH, SH & MDR is given in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2: Distribution of Roads

Sl. No. Type of Road Total Length

(kms)

1 NH 1700

2 SH 1300

3 MDR 1800

Total 4800


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1.9 Additional Work DoneAs mentioned in the TOR, this study was limited to about 3000 km (SH & MDR) of state roads.

However, as advised by the IG Police and PRBDB 19815 nos. of accident data were provided for

the entire road network including NH and ODR under 23 districts and 253 Police Stations, for

analysis and prioritization, thereby expanding the Consultants scope of work. The Figure 1.2

depicts the additional work carried out by the Consultants.


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Methodology Adopted for Identification of Accident Black Spots/Stretches

Figure 1.1

Data from PWD Survey of India

Topo MapsData from Police

Name and Starting Points of SH

and MDR

Starting Chainage (from state

boundary) Identified for NH

Visited a few Police Stations to

understand their way of

identification of the accident

location

From Police Data and Maps,

identified the accident

spots/stretches.

Prioritized the spots/stretches

based on ASI

For NH: with a

Threshold of => 50

identified Black s ots

Road Safety Audit

Cause and curbing measure will be carried

out as future activities

(Guideline Provided)

The spots are being marked onGIS maps

For SH & MDR: with a

Threshold of => 30

identified Black s ots


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Description of Data Analysed Under Road Safety

Figure 1.2

Total 4800 km of Roads

(NH+SH+MDR) & the other

district roads to be Analysed

1700 kms

under NH

1300 kms

under SH

1800 kms

under MDR

Other

district road

Appendix Chainage wise

Detail of Accident Locations

within each Police Station

Jurisdiction

Appendix 4:

on National

Highways

Appendix 7:

on State

Highways

Appendix

10: on Major

District

Roads

Appendix

15: on Other

District

Roads

Total 3100 km of Roads,

(SH+MDR)

to be Analysed

1300 kms

under SH

1800 kms

under MDR

Package-I, Phase-I 1698 kms

DPR for

Rehabilitation

Roads (254 kms)

DPR for

Upgradation

Roads (144

kms)

Phase-II: 265.8 km under Upgradationand 41.8 km under Rehabilitation (DPR

to be carried out)

Appendix 8: on

State Highways

Appendix 11: on

Major DistrictRoads

Appendix 9: Detail of

Accident Black Spots

on SH with ASI=>30

Appendix 13: Detail of Black Spots on Project Roads

Appendix 12: Detail of

Accident Black Spots on

MDR with ASI=>30

Appendix 14: Detail of Black Spots on PackageI, PhaseI Roads

Summary of Road/km wise Accident

Details

Appendix 5: Summary of

Road/km wise Accident

Detail for NH

As per the Requirement of Police As per TOR.


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Methodology for Accident Data Collection and Analysis Revision: R3


2.0 METHODOLOGY FOR ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS2.1 Methodology for Accident Data Collection

Normally information on accidents is available with the Police in the form of First Information

Report (FIR), where various formats and norms are being followed keeping the basic information,

more or less the same. In order to bring in uniformity, for collection of Accident Information for

the last 5 years, a form was designed by the Consultant in consultation with the Police. (Sample

Form enclosed asAppendix 2)

About 35,000 such forms, both in English and Punjabi, were printed and distributed to all district

police head quarters. The Consultants had met the Senior Police Officials along with all the

district police officials for briefing how the forms need to be filled up. They were requested to

gather the required data from 2001 to 2005 within a specified time.

Initially, the Police faced problems in filling up the form, as the information required was not

readily available in the police records. A sample FIR both in Punjabi and translated English

version is given inAppendix 3. An improvement in the format is possible, as explains in Chapter

5, for creating a better database in future.

As per the Terms of Reference, the Consultants were required to study about 3000 km of the State

Highways and Major District Roads. However, the Police Authorities insisted and furnished

accident data for the entire road network of the State including NH, for five years, involving

additional man month for data collection, data entry and analysis. Admitted by, segregation of SH

and MDR from other roads was not possible at the time of data collection.

PRBDB provided 19,815 data sheets (FIR) collected from 23 police districts and 253 police

stations. Distribution with respect to NH, SH, MDR and ODR is shown in the Figure 2.1

%age of FIR/Data- Collected/Processed/Analysed

19815 Data Sheets8%

59%

33%

NH SH& MDR ODR

Figure 2.1


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2.1.1 Discrepancies in Accident Data and Causesa) The various discrepancies in the accident data provided by police with respect to the

accident spot were:

The distance of accident location was given with respect to police station withoutany direction.

The names of villages or towns, where the accident had occurred, werementioned but chainage (in km) from police station or direction of that particular

location was missing.

The type (SH/MDR/ODR) or the name of the road was missing in most of thecases.

The landmarks mentioned against the spot accident location e.g. near hotel/dabha,near market, near petrol pump/school/ gurudwara/ temple and neargraveyard/ceremonials/hadarori were difficult to identify.

The road name was not matching with road code and road type. The chainage given was not as per PWD km stones. The distance given for a particular accident location in different data sheets by the

same police station was different.

The kms marked on Survey of India Maps were not matching with the km stonesexisting on ground.

b) Causes: To mark the exact location and the co-ordinates, no GPS instrument is available

with the police stations

Due to lack of training, police personnel were unable to give the reasons ofaccidents

In the absence of proper identification marks, name boards and km stones, it wasdifficult for the police persons to classify the roads and mention their road codes

As a result of these deficiencies the Consultants had put in a lot of effort, and had to visit several

police stations, to match the location with the PWD identification code and stating chainages, and

locate them on the Survey of India Topo sheets. This extra effort however was restricted to the

limited number of locations with high Accident Severity Index (explained below).

2.1.2 Rectification of Accident DataTo identify the accident black spots / accident prone stretches it was necessary to rectify the

discrepancies and shortfall in the data. To rectify the data provided by police, the Consultant

visited several police stations to be familiar with the way of recording the accident locations.

After interacting with police stations, and going through each of the original FIR data sheet

(19815 nos,) and in conjunction with the Survey of India Topo Maps & the data provided by

PRBDB regarding the state roads, the Consultant after putting in a lot of effort, was able to mark

the exact locations of accidents with respect to the starting and end chainage for a particular road

stretch.


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2.2 Methodology For Accident Data AnalysisThe Flow Chart for the Methodology adopted for Identification of Accident Black Spots/Stretches

is presented in Figure 1.1- Chapter 1

2.2.1 Accident Severity Index (ASI)In order to quantify the criticality of an accident site, a system of assigning scores was adopted

based on the number and severity of accidents in that particular location in the last 5 years. The

score termed Accident Severity Index (ASI). Accident Severity Index (ASI) is a dimensionless

value indicating the hazardousness of a spot in the road. The following equation has been used:

ASI = Nf x Wf+ Ns x Ws + Nm x Wm

Where, Nf = No. of fatal accidents at the spot in the last 5 years

Wf = Weightage assigned to fatal accident = 6

Ns = No. of serious accidents in the last 5 years

Ws = Weightage assigned to serious accident = 3

Nm = No. of minor accidents in the last 5 years

Wm = Weightage assigned to minor accidents = 1

This value is independent of traffic volume, population, number of registered vehicles or the

length of road

The weightage point, were assigned based on updated Road User Cost Study (RUCS) carried outunder Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) and Asian Development Bank, the cost of fatal

accident and the cost of serious injuries were found in the ratio of 80:20. Because of low average

speed in most of the state roads, percentage of minor accidents is quite high. Therefore, the

Consultant thought it prudent to give some weightage to the minor accidents also. In order to

achieve the objective, the Consultant has slightly modified the RUCS recommendations carried

out in 1990s and adopted the weightage as 6:3:1 for fatal, serious and minor accidents.

2.2.2 Accident Analysis ModuleThe Consultants developed application software (Accident Analysis Module) for data entry,

analysis and identification of the accident black spots to suit the data provided by the state police.

The 19,815 data sheets have been digitized and analysed with the help of this software to arrive at

the Accident Severity Index (ASI) for the identified locations /spots. (Refer Chapter 6 for details

of Module)

In the accident analysis module, a provision has been made to estimate the ASI for all types of

cross tabulations. Analysis can be performed at the National, State, District and Other Road level

for all the roads together or only for selected project roads.

The initial attempt by the Consultant to analyse the incomplete data as available from the police,

with the help of Accident Analysis Module, did not yield the expected result in respect of

identifying the exact locations of the accidents, and for obvious reasons the black spots or thecause of the accident were difficult to assess.


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Chapter - 3.0

Accident Data Analysis and Causes


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Accident Data Analysis and Causes Revision: R3


3.0 ACCIDENT DATA ANALYSIS AND CAUSES

3.1

Accident Data Analysis

3.1.1 Data AnalysisFor accident data analysis the Consultant covered the entire state road network including NH

without limiting itself only to the project roads. The accident data collected/provided for the 5-

years (2001 to 2005) for all the 23 police districts of Punjab State was analyzed.

The roads including NH, SH, MDR & ODR were separately analysed. The distribution (% wise)

of accidents on different type of roads is given in Table 3 .1

Table 3.1: Accidents on Different Types of Roads

PercentageSl.

No.

Type

of

Road

Total

Length

(kms)Fatal

Accidents

Major

Injury

Accidents

Minor

Injury

Accidents

Total

Accidents

Accidents

/ km

1 NH 1700 29.35 14.73 12.85 56.93 4.7

2 SH 1300 9.66 5.63 4.88 20.17 1.9

3 MDR 1800 7.07 3.86 3.63 14.55 1.0

4 Other

Roads

3.99 2.21 2.15 8.34

3.1.2 Accident DetailsThe District & Injury wisePercentage Matrix is given in the Table 3.2:

Table 3.2: District & Injury wise - Percentage Matrix

Sl. No. Police District Fatal Major Minor Total Percentage

1 Amritsar 330 253 190 773 2.8

2 Majitha 452 179 205 836 3.1

3 Gurdaspur 603 366 181 1150 4.2

4 Batala 212 99 78 389 1.4

5 Tarn Taran 352 186 156 693 2.6

6 Jalandhar 750 569 375 1694 6.2

7 Kapurthala 406 198 361 965 3.6

8 Nawan Shahar 274 225 256 755 2.8

9 Hoshiarpur 837 580 457 1874 6.9

10 Ludhiana 1057 783 904 2744 10.1

11 Jagraon 210 201 252 663 2.412 Ropar 968 619 928 2515 9.3


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13 Khanna 453 97 146 696 2.6

14 Patiala 1308 1050 1306 3664 13.5

15 Barnala 259 194 184 637 2.316 Sangrur 572 355 428 1355 5.0

17 Fatehgarh Sahib 440 214 349 1003 3.7

18 Ferozepur 483 395 288 1166 4.3

19 Muktsar 220 133 70 423 1.6

20 Moga 318 245 210 773 2.8

21 Faridkot 276 160 249 685 2.5

22 Mansa 183 138 165 486 1.8

23 Bathinda 434 437 337 1208 4.4

Total 11397 7676 8075 27148

Percentage 42 28 30 100.0

Note: The numbers of injuries are more than the number of accidents, as there could be more than one

injury in a single accident.

All fatal accidents are reported to the police, to fulfill the legal formalities, claiming insurance etc.

Most of the serious injury accidents are also reported to the police as these involve the police

intervention for medical facilities, insurance etc. Naturally, accident data are skewed toward fatal

and major accidents because of their seriousness.

3.1.3 Type of AccidentsData relating to the type of accident help the planner / engineer to diagnose the cause of the

accident to a large extent. On site recognizance reconfirms the diagnosis and also helps in

detecting engineering shortfalls. Categorized accidents in terms of severity of injury for urban,

semi urban and rural areas are presented below inTables 3.3 (a to c).

Table 3.3: Accident Wise Injury Percentage for Different Areas

a) Collisions In Urban AreasSl. No. Accident Type Fatal Major Minor

1 Overturning (no collision) 0.54 0.24 0.88

2 Head-on collision 19.07 23.70 23.43

3 Head Tail Collision 15.08 18.25 16.62

4 Side brush /swipe 2.10 2.61 2.90

5 Right angle collision 19.74 19.91 24.43

6 Pedestrian related 18.26 15.88 8.44

7 Others 25.21 19.41 23.3

Total 100 100 100


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Table 3.5: Area-wise Distribution of Predominant Types of Accidents (%age)

Sl No. Type of Collision Urban AreaSemi Urban

AreaRural Area Total

1 Overturning (no collision) 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.9

2 Head-on collision 18.0 20.3 32.7 27.3

3 Head Tail Collision 21.5 21.8 14.8 17.4

4 Side brush /swipe 16.7 17.7 13.5 14.8

5 Right angle collision 2.5 2.6 1.3 1.8

6 Pedestrian related 16.5 14.3 11.4 13.1

7 Others 24.4 22.8 25.1 24.6

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

3.2 Causes of AccidentsHigh speeds, total disregard for traffic rules, congested urban areas, misjudgment of overtaking

sight distance, insufficient safety measures, drunken and negligent driving, micro sleeps, and lack

of road safety education are the general causes of accidents.

Overturning happens mainly due to overloading of vehicles, Shoulder drops, sudden pot holes,

and the vehicles suddenly going out of control due to micro sleep or even over speeding in a

curve.

Head-on collisions mainly occur on undivided carriageways, especially due to misjudgment

during overtaking, drunken driving, micro-sleep, and the blinding effect of headlight glare, for not

using dipper-dimmer.

Head Tail Collision (Rear-end collision) occurs mainly due to maintaining insufficient stopping

distance, vehicles being parked on the road without parking / blinker lights, and of course drunken

and negligent driving.

Side-swipe accidents occur on narrow roads where vehicles are parked on the roadside and neither

of the vehicles wants to get down on the shoulder, due to shoulder drop.

Right angle collision occurs at the intersections, due to over speeding and total disregard to safety,

and lack of clear-cut policy of priority at intersections and inadequate traffic management

measures.Pedestrian accidents clearly indicate the absence of adequate pedestrian facilities, unruly

pedestrian behavior, as well as lack of awareness of road safety.

From the above tables one more aspect can be concluded; that is the percentage of accidents, and

hence the causes more or less remain the same irrespective of the area.

3.3 Summary of AnalysisThe Consultant collected 19815 accident data from 2001 to 2005, on their pre-designed format

with the help of Police, for analysis.

Fatal accidents increased at a rate of 2.6%, 0.7% and 1.12% respectively between2001 and 2004


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Year wise distribution of accidents

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

35004000

4500

2 200 2 200 2001 2 003 4 005

Year

No.

ofaccidents

Fatal Major Minor Total

Between 2004 and 2005, there is a sharpreduction of 9.5% in the number of

fatalities

Patiala district recorded the highest (13.5%)accidents followed by Ludhiana (10.1%)

Rural area accounts for about 67% ofFatalaccidents and 62% ofTotal accidents

Head-on collision is the highest (27.3%) Age group of 30 - 45 is most vulnerable to

accidents,.

Punjab police authorities have taken strong measures to curb accidents and fatalities3.4 Remedial Measures

Without identifying the cause of the accident, counter/remedial measures cannot be established.

According to Police report, for obvious reasons stated earlier, driver error (careless driving)

accounts for more than 90% of the total accidents. The cause of accidents cannot be identified by

the reporting policeman in most of the cases without education and training. The Road Safety

Audit for the Phase Iroads is expected to be carried out by the DPR consultants based on the

Guideline provided in Chapter 5, to be overseen by the Consultant for TAS. Road Safety Audit

for Phase II Roads would be carried out under the guidance of TAS, by the concerned DPR

Consultants.


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Chapter - 4.0

Accident Black Spots and Severity Index


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Project: Consultancy Services for Feasibility, Environmental and Social Studies for PSRSP Sheet: 1 of 26

Document: 2005086/RH/Chapter 4 Date: August 2007

Accident Black Spots & Severity Index Revision: R3


4.0 ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS AND SEVERITY INDEX4.1 Accident Black Spot

Locations where the accidents repeatedly take place / tend to cluster together are commonly

termed as Accident Black Spots or Black Spots. These may be Nodes (junctions/inter-

sections) or Links (mid block between adjacent nodes) or Cells (areas). The Accident Black

Spots are prioritized based on Accident Severity Index (ASI). ASI is mostly depends on the

severity and number of Fatal and Serious Accident.

4.1.1 ASI Thresholds

The total 4800 km of road length including NH, SH and MDR in Punjab State was considered for

the identification of accident prone stretches and the black spots. The ASI value was also becalculated for the Other District Roads.

The police insisted to carry out the analysis of accident data for the entire road length asabove for which they provided the 19815 FIR data sheets.

As per scope of work of Road safety assessment the Consultant had to Collect / process /analyse the data of 3000 km for identification of black spots i.e. for SH and MDR only.

However the Feasibility Study Report prepared for World Bank under Package-1, Phase-I, was for 1698 km.

Out of this 1698 km of roads, 398 km had already been selected for DPR by theDepartment through SOS study, underRehabilitation and Upgradation

Subsequently as per Feasibility Study, 307.6 km of Roads were also identified underWorld Bank Phase II Proposed Works. Out of 307.6 km of roads, 265.8 km under

upgradation and 41.8 km are under rehabilitation.

World Bank had Granted Loan for 400 kms (for Rehabilitation and Upgradation,) and 307.6 kms

(for Phase II) a total of 705.6 kms.

About 30 black spots were suggested to be identified for improvement under the total road length

of 707.6 km by the World Bank based on which the ASI threshold of =>30 was chosen.

However, with the help of the rectified data, 134 accident black spots were identified for NH with

a ASI threshold of =>50and sums of accidents in the last 5 years =>20, whereas for SH & MDR

213 accident black spots were identified with a threshold of ASI => 30.

4.2 Black Spots Identified on National Highways(NH)The data collection and analysis extended beyond the SH and MDR, as stated in TOR, to NH and

Other Roads, on insistence of the Traffic Police Department. Considering that NH carry largernumber of vehicles per kilometers, an ASI threshold of =>50 was assumed for NH and the black


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spots identified with one more parameter where the sums of accidents in the last 5 years =>20. A

total 134 locations were identified as black spot on different National Highways within the State.

The chainage wise details of accidents within each police station jurisdiction are in Appendix 4.

The summary of road/km wise accident details for NH is in Appendix 5. The top 10 black spots

locations are given in Table 4.1and the description of these locations is given in Table 4.1A. For

the other locations referAppendix 6and the charts showing the trend of accidents in last five years

are given inAppendix 16.The top 10 Black Spot Locations are shown in Fig 4.1

Table 4.1: Top 10 Black Spots Locations on Different National Highways

Sum of Five Years

Name of RoadRoad

Code

Starting

from

Location

(km) Fatal Major Minor TotalASI

Zirakpur Patiala Sangrur Barnala

Bathinda Dabwali

NH64Zirakpur

2 25 47 13 85 304

Ambala Punjab BorderNH22 Ambala 33 30 24 14 68 266

Pathankot Amritsar Faridkot Bathinda

Malaut Abohar Ganganagar

NH15 Pathankot 181 29 25 16 70 265

Ambala Rajpura Ludhiana Jalandhar

Amritsar Wagha Border

NH1 Ambala 61 40 4 10 54 262



NH1 Ambala 116 31 16 19 66 253



NH1 Ambala 196 24 22 18 64 228

Ambala Punjab BorderNH22 Ambala 14 29 10 17 56 221

Ambala Punjab Border

NH22 Ambala 39 24 18 16 58 214



NH1 Ambala 66 32 4 7 43 211



NH1 Ambala 60 30 3 6 39 195


31/77





Table 4.1 A: Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Different National Highways

Major Types of A

RoadCode Location(km) Near Village/Town PoliceStation PoliceDistrict Type ofArea Type ofPlace Type of accident

Head on Collision

Side brush/Swipe

Hit from rear of a moving ve

Hit Pedestrian

NH64 2 Lohgarh Dera Bassi Patiala

Rural/

Semi

Urban

Built up

Others

Head on Collision

Side brush/Swipe


Hit Pedestrian

NH22 33 Bakarpur Dera Bassi Patiala Rural Built up

Others Head on Collision

Side brush/Swipe


Hit Pedestrian

NH15 1818.5 km from

MakhuZira Ferozepur Rural Built up

Others

Hit and run

NH1 61 GobindgarhFatehgarh

Sahib

Rural/

Semi

Urban

Built upOthers

Hit and Run

Side brush/Swipe


Hit Pedestrian

NH1 116

1 km from

Samrala

Chowk

Jodhewal Ludhiana Urban Built up

Others


32/77


33/77





4.3 Black Spots Identified on State Highways (SH) & Major District Roads (MDR)For identification of Black Spots on 3000 kms of SH & MDR, a threshold of => 30 was taken for

reasons as explained above. The chainage wise details of accidents within each police station

jurisdiction for SH & MDR are given in Appendix 7 and Appendix 10 respectively. The summary

of road/km wise accident details for SH and MDR is given in Appendix 8 & 11 respectively. The

top 10 black spots locations on SH and MDR are given in Table 4.2 & 4.3 respectively and the

description of these locations is given in Table 4.2A & 4.3A respectively. The top 10 Black Spot

Locations on SH and MDR are shown in Fig 4.2 & Fig 4.3 respectively.

Table 4.2: Top 10 Black Spot Locations on SH

Sum of Five Years

Name of road

Road

Code

Starting

from

Location

(km) Fatal Major Minor Total ASI

Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 8 21 8 10 39 160

Dasua Hoshiarpur

Garhshankar

Balachaur Ropar

SH24 Dasua 127 14 18 13 45 151

Dasua Hoshiarpur

Garhshankar

Balachaur Ropar

SH24 Dasua 30 16 9 10 35 133

Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 1 14 5 10 29 109

Amritsar

SrihargobindpurTanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 154 14 2 9 25 99

Dasua Hoshiarpur

Garhshankar

Balachaur Ropar

SH24 Dasua 17 16 0 0 16 96

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 147 8 7 23 38 92

Dasua Hoshiarpur

Garhshankar

Balachaur Ropar

SH24 Dasua 45 10 9 3 22 90

Dasua Hoshiarpur

Garhshankar

Balachaur Ropar

SH24 Dasua 52 7 12 11 30 89

Dasua Hoshiarpur

Garhshankar

Balachaur Ropar

SH24 Dasua 51 9 9 2 20 83


34/77





Table 4.2A: Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on SH

Major Types of AccidenRoad

Code

Location

(km)

Near Village/

Town

Police

Station

Police

District

Type of

Area

Type

of

Place Type of accident %a

Head on collision 44

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle2

Hit Pedestrian 1

SH11 88 km from

Ludhiana

Sadar

LudhianaLudhiana Urban

Built

up

Others 1

Head on collision 2

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle2

Hit Pedestrian 2

SH24 1277 km from

Ropar

Balachaur

(Kathgarh)

Nawan

ShaharRural

Open/

Built

upSide brush/Swipe 14


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle8

Hit Pedestrian 1

Side brush/Swipe 8

SH24 304 km from police

station HarianaHariana Hoshiarpur Rural

Built

up

Hit and run 1

Head on collision 8

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle2

Hit Pedestrian 2Side brush/Swipe 1

Hit parked vehicle 1

SH11 1From Gill

chowk Shimlapuri Ludhiana

Semi

Urban/Urban

Built

up

Others 8

Head on collision 1SH22 154 10 km from

Kiratpur Sahib

Anandpur

Sahib

Ropar Rural/

Semi

Urban

Built

up Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle2


35/77





Hit Pedestrian 5

Side brush/Swipe 20


Hit and run 10

Others 20

Hit road side tree. 50

SH24 17

9 km from

police station

Hariana

Hariana Hoshiarpur RuralBuilt

upHead on collision 5

Head on collision 3

Side brush/Swipe 17

Hit Pedestrian 3SH22 147

14 km from

Nangal towards

Kiratpur Sahib

Anandpur

SahibRopar Rural

Built

up

Others 17

Head on collision 7

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle14

SH24 452.5 km from

Hoshiarpur

Sadar

HoshiarpurHoshiarpur Rural

Built

up

Side brush/Swipe 7

Head on collision 5

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle1

Side brush/Swipe 2

SH24 52

10 km from

Hoshiarpur

towards

Mahilpur

Sadar


Built

up

Hit Pedestrian 1

Head on collision 5

Side brush/Swipe 3SH24 5114 km from

Mahilpur

Sadar


Built

upRight angle

collision1


36/77





Table 4.3: Top 10 Black Spot Locations on MDR

Sum of Five YearsName of road Road

CodeStarting

fromLocation


Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 4 13 6 15 34 111

Kapurthala

Sultanpur LodhiMDR49 Kaputhala 9 13 1 4 18 85

Mukarian Hajipur

TalwaraMDR69 Mukarian 31 3 15 8 26 71

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 23 9 3 7 19 70

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 6 8 7 0 15 69

Kapurthala

Sultanpur LodhiMDR49 Kaputhala 3 9 2 5 16 65

Jalandhar

Kapurthala Lohian

Makhu

MDR52 Jalandhar 8 8 3 7 18 64

Amritsar Fatehgarh

Churian Dera BabaNanak

MDR64 Amritsar 6 7 6 4 17 64

Jagraon Raikot

MalerkotlaMDR51 Jagraon 5 2 14 8 24 62

Kapurthala

Sultanpur LodhiMDR49 Kapurthala 11 8 2 7 17 61

The detail of Accident Black Spots on SH and MDR with ASI=>30 is given in Appendix 9 and

Appendix 12 respectively. The charts showing the trend of accidents in last five years for the

identified black spot locations on SH & MDR are given in Appendix 17 & Appendix 18

respectively.


37/77





Table 4.3A: Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on MDR

Major Types of

AccidentsRoad

Code

Location

(km)

Near Village/

Town Police Station

Police

District

Type of

Area

Type

ofPlace Type of accident %


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle15

Side brush/Swipe 22

Hit Pedestrian 7

MDR31 4Near Hemkunt

Petrol pumpCivil line Patiala

Semi

Urban /

Urban

Built

up

Others 26

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle29

Hit Pedestrian 21Hit and Run 21

MDR49 99 km from

Kaputhala

Kotwali

Kapurtahala Kapurthala RuralBuilt

up

Others 29

Hit road side tree 17


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle17

MDR69 311 km from

TalwaraTalwara Hoshiarpur Rural

Built

up

Hit Pedestrian 33

Hit parked

vehicle13


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle19

Hit Pedestrian 6

MDR31 233 km from

RurkiMulepur

Fatehgarh

Sahib

Rural /

Semi

Urban

Built

up

Others 25


38/77





Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle36

MDR49 33 km from

Kaputhala

City

KapurthalaKapurthala Urban

Built

upOthers 64


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle29

Side brush/Swipe 14

MDR52 8

8 km from

Jalandhar

towards

Kapurthala

Sadar

JalandharJalandhar Rural

Built

up

Hit and Run 14

Head on collision 8

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle54

Side brush/Swipe 15Hit and Run 8

MDR64 66 km from

Amritsar

Sadar

AmritsarAmritsar Urban

Built

up

Hit Pedestrian 15


Hit and Run 25MDR51 510 km from

RaikotSadar Jagraon Jagraon Rural

Built

up

Others 25

Hit another fixed

object22

Head on collision 4

Hit and Run 1

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle1

MDR49 1111 km from

Kapurthala

Sadar

Kapurthala

Kapurthala RuralBuilt

up

Hit Pedestrian 1


39/77





4.4 Black Spots Identified on Project RoadsOut of the 3000 kms of SH & MDR, the 1698 kms were under Package-I - Phase-1 (including

few kms of ODR). Out of 1698 kms, 254kms were under Rehabilitation, 144kms under

Upgradation and 307.6 km under Phase-II. About 30 black spots were suggested to be identified

for improvement under the total road length of 705.6 km (Rehabilitation, Upgradation and Phase-

II) by the World Bank based on which ASI threshold of =>30 was chosen. The detail of accident

black spot locations on project roads are given in Appendix 13.The locations of black spots are

presented in Fig 4.4.

4.4.1 Package-1, Phase- I Roads

The top 10 black spots locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads are given in Table 4.4 and the

description of these locations is given in Table 4.4A.

Table 4.4 - Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads

Sum of Five Years

Name of roadRoad

Code

Starting

from

Location

(km)Fatal Major MinorTotalASI

Amritsar Srihargobindpur Tanda

Hoshiarpur Nangal Kiratpur Sahib SH22 Amritsar 154 14 2 9 25 99


Hoshiarpur Nangal Kiratpur Sahib SH22 Amritsar 147 8 7 23 38 92

Chandigarh Sirhind Gobindgarh

Nabha Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12ANear

Sohana107 9 5 8 22 77

Chandigarh Sirhind Gobindgarh

Nabha Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12ANear

Sohana142 9 6 5 20 77

Bathinda Talwandi Sabo Haryana

BorderSH17 Bathinda 14 3 16 10 29 76

Moga Kotkapura Muktsar Malaut SH16 Moga 48 8 8 2 18 74


Hoshiarpur Nangal Kiratpur SahibSH22 Amritsar 153 9 2 8 19 68

Jalandhar Kapurthala Lohian MakhuMDR52 Jalandhar 8 8 3 7 18 64

Amritsar Fatehgarh Churian Dera

Baba NanakMDR64 Amritsar 6 7 6 4 17 64


Hoshiarpur Nangal Kiratpur SahibSH22 Amritsar 164 7 5 6 18 63


40/77





Table 4.4A: Description of Top 10 Black Spot Locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads


Code

Location

(km)

Near Village/

Town

Police

Station

Police

District

Type of

Area

Type of

Place Type of accident %a

SH22 154 As describe in Table 4.2A

SH22 147 As describe in Table 4.2A


SH12A 1073 Km from

MahlaSunam Sangrur Rural

Built

up Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle33


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle13

Side brush/Swipe 19

Hit Pedestrian 19

SH12A 142 Near Bhikhi Bhikhi Mansa

Semi

Urban/

Urban

Built

up

Others 3Hit animal Cart 20


Others 40SH17 144 km from

Bathinda

Sadar

BathindaBathinda Rural

Built

upRight angle

collision20


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle10

Side brush/Swipe 10

Right angle

collision

10

SH16 483 km from

Kotkapura

City

KotkapuraFaridkot

Semi

Urban/

Urban

Built

up

Hit Pedestrian 40


Head on collision 8

Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle8

SH22 153 11 km from

Kiratpur Sahib

Anandpur

Sahib

Ropar Semi

Urban/

Urban

Built

up

Side brush/Swipe 8


41/77


42/77





4.4.2 Rehabilitation Roads(254 kms)The black spots locations on Rehabilitation Roads are given in Table 4.5 and the description of

these locations is given in Table 4.5A.

Table 4.5 Black Spot Locations on Rehabilitation Roads

Sum of Five YearsSl

No.Name of road

Road

Code

Starting

from

Location


1Kapurthala Sultanpur

LodhiMDR49 Kaputhala 3 9 2 5 16 65





4

Kapurthala Sultanpur

Lodhi MDR49 Kaputhala 11 8 2 7 17 61



6 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 46 6 0 2 8 38








14 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 65 1 10 4 15 4015 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 73 4 1 6 11 33


17

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12ANear

Sohana10 4 2 1 7 31

18

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12ANear

Sohana14 5 1 4 10 37

19

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12ANear

Sohana24 5 2 10 17 46

20

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12ANear

Sohana38 11 0 4 15 70

21Zira Ferozepur

FazilkaSH20 Zira 8 4 3 2 9 35

22Zira Ferozepur


23 Zira FerozepurFazilka

SH20 Zira 28 5 2 0 7 36


43/77





Table 4.5A: Description of Black Spot Locations on Rehabilitation Roads

Major Types of AcRoad

Code

Location

(km)

Near Village/

Town

Police

Station

Police

District

Type

of

Area

Type of

Place Type of accident

MDR49 3 As describe in Table 4.3A

Hit from rear of a moving

Side brush /swipe

Hit broken-down vehicleMDR49 5

5 km from

Kapurthala

Kotwali

KapurthalaKapurthala Rural Builtup

Head on collision



Head on collision

Side brush /swipe

Overturn (no collision)MDR49 15

6 km from

TalwandiChoudria.

Talwandi

Chodheria Kapurthala Rural Builtup

Hit animal Cart

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving SH11 461 km from

MalerkotlaMalerkotla Sangrur Urban Built up

Others

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving SH11 472 km from

MalerkotlaMalerkotla Sangrur Rural Built up

Others

Head on collisionHit from rear of a moving SH11 48

3 km from


Side brush /swipe

Head on collisionSH11 52

7 km from


Others


44/77






13 km from

Malerkotla

Dhuri Sangrur Rural Built up

Others


Side brush /swipe

Hit Pedestrian SH11 604 km from

DhuriDhuri Sangrur

Rural/

UrbanBuilt up

Others

Head on collision


Side brush /swipeSH11 61

3 km fron

DhuriDhuri Sangrur

Rural/

UrbanBuilt up

Hit Pedestrian

Head on collision


Side brush /swipeSH11 6414 km from

SangrurDhuri Sangrur

Rural/

UrbanBuilt up

Hit Pedestrian

Head on collision


Side brush /swipeSH11 6513 km from

SangrurDhuri Sangrur Rural Built up

Hit and run

SH11 735 km from

Sangrur

Kotwali

Sangrur

Sangrur Rural Built up Head on collision

Head on collision


Side brush /swipe

Hit and run

SH11 761.5 km from

Sangrur

Kotwali

SangrurSangrur Urban Built up

Others


45/77






Hit and run SH12A 10 Near Sohana Sohana Ropar Urban Built up

Others

Hit accident vehicle

Head on collision


Hit Pedestrian

Hit and run

SH12A 14 Near ChunniBassi

Pathana

Fatehgarh

SahibRural Built up

Others

Overturn (no collision)

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a movingSH12A 24

9 km from

Sirhind

towards

Chunni

SirhindFatehgarh

SahibRural Built up

Side brush /swipe

Head on collision

Side brush /swipeSH12A 38Near

GobindgarhGobindgarh

Fatehgarh

SahibUrban Built up

Hit and run


8 km from

ZiraZira Ferozepur Rural Built up


Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving SH20 12 NearMallanwalaMallanwala Ferozepur Rural Built up

Hit Pedestrian

Hit and run.

Head on collision

Hit PedestrianSH20 28

7 km from

Ferozepur

Sadar

FerozepurFerozepur Rural Built up



46/77





4.4.3 Upgradation Roads (144 kms)The black spots locations on Upgradation Roads are given in Table 4.6 and the description of

these locations is given in Table 4.6A.

Table 4.6 Black Spot Locations on Upgradation Roads

Sum of Five YearsSl

No.Name of road Road Code

Starting

from

Location

(km)Fatal Major Minor Total ASI

1 Phillaur Nawanshahr JODR05 Phillaur 6 7 2 1 10 49

2

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 3 5 7 4 16 55

3Patiala SirhindMorinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 4 13 6 15 34 111

4

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 6 8 7 0 15 69

5

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 9 8 0 5 13 53

6

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 11 7 5 2 14 59

7

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 12 7 2 3 12 51

8

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 15 5 0 2 7 32

9

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 17 4 1 6 11 33

10

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 19 4 2 3 9 33

11

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 20 5 1 3 9 36

12

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 21 4 2 10 16 40

13

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 23 9 3 7 19 70

14

Patiala Nabha

MalerkotlaMDR32 Patiala 2 3 6 6 15 42


47/77





15Patiala Nabha

MalerkotlaMDR32 Patiala 22 3 4 4 11 34

16

Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 8 21 8 10 39 160

17Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 10 7 6 10 23 70

18Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 12 9 3 4 16 67

19Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 13 8 7 3 18 72

20Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 15 5 0 1 6 31

21Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 17 3 4 4 11 34


23Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 25 6 2 1 9 43

24Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 39 3 3 5 11 32

25Ludhiana Sangrur

SH11 Ludhiana 43 5 5 2 12 47

26Landran Banur

RODR04 Landran 10 2 7 3 12 36


48/77





Table 4.6A: Description of Black Spot Locations on Upgradation Roads


Code

Location

(km)

Near Village/

Town

Police

Station

Police

District

Type of

Area

Type

of

Place Type of accident

Head on collision

JODR05 6Near Nagar

Phillaur Jalandhar RuralBuilt

upSide brush /swipe

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehic

Side brush /swipe

Hit Pedestrian

MDR31 3Near Govt.

Press Patiala

Civil line

PatialaPatiala

Semi

Urban/

Urban

Built

up

Hit and run



Head on collisionMDR31 9

Near Baran

Bus Stop

Sadar

PatialaPatiala Rural

Bulit

up

Side brush /swipe

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicMDR31 11 Near Kasiana

Sadar


Bulit

up

Side brush /swipe

Head on collision Hit from rear of a moving vehic

Side brush /swipe

Hit Pedestrian

MDR31 12 Faggan MajraSadar


Bulit

up

Others

Head on collision MDR31 15 1 km from

Nandpur

Mulepur Fatehgarh

Sahib

Rural Bulit

up Hit from rear of a moving vehic


49/77





Hit Pedestrian Kesho

Hit and run

Head on collision


Side brush /swipe

Hit Pedestrian

MDR31 173 km from

RurkiMulepur

Fatehgarh

SahibRural

Bulit

up

Hit and run

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicMDR31 191.5 km from

RurkiMulepur

Fatehgarh

SahibRural

Bulit

up

Hit and run

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicMDR31 20

1 km from

Rurki Mulepur

Fatehgarh

Sahib Rural

Bulit

up

Hit Pedestrian

Head on collision


Side brush /swipe MDR31 21

5 km from

MulepurMulepur

Fatehgarh

SahibRural

Bulit

up

Hit Pedestrian


Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicMDR32 2

Near

Hanuman

Temple

Civil line

PatialaPatiala Urban

Built

up

Side brush /swipe

Head on collision

Hit parked vehicleMDR32 22Sadar

NabhaPatiala Rural

Built

up

Others


50/77





SH11 88 km from

LudhianaAs describe in Table 4.2A

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicSH11 10

10 km from

Ludhiana

Sadar

LudhianaLudhiana

Rural/Semi

Urban

Built

up

Side brush /swipe

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicSH11 1212 km from

Ludhiana

Sadar

LudhianaLudhiana Rural

Built

up

Hit Pedestrian

Head on collision


Side brush /swipeSH11 13

13 km from

Ludhiana

Sadar

Ludhiana Ludhiana Rural

Built

up

Hit Pedestrian

SH11 1515 km from

LudhianaDehlon Ludhiana Rural

Built

upHead on collision

Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicSH11 1717 km from


Built

up

Hit Pedestrian


19 km from


Built

upOthers


51/77





Head on collision

Hit from rear of a moving vehicSH11 25

25 km from


Built

upHit and run

Head on collisionSH11 39 Ahmadgarh Sangrur Rural

Built

upHit Pedestrian

Head on collision


Side brush /swipe SH11 43

6 km from

MalerkotlaMalerkotla Sangrur Rural

Built

up

Hit Pedestrian

Head on collision

Side brush /swipeRODR04 10 Sohana Ropar Rural Builtup

Hit Pedestrian


52/77





4.4.4 Phase-II Roads (307.6 kms)The black spots locations on Phase-II roads are given in Table 4.7and the description of these

locations is given in Table 4.7A.

Table 4.7 - Black Spot Locations on Phase-II Roads

Sum of Five YearsSl

No.Name of road

Road

Code

Starting

from

Location

(km)Fatal Major Minor Total ASI

1

Bhikhi

Budhlada RatiaMDR20 Bhikhi 9 5 0 0 5 30

2

Pakhoke

Bhadaur Bhagta

Bajakhana Jaitu

MDR43 Pakhoke 54 4 3 4 11 37

3

Kartarpur

Kaputhala

Nakodar

Nurmahal

Phillaur

MDR48 Kartarpur 59 6 6 2 14 56

4

Dhaka Raikot

Barnala Mansa

Sardulgarh Sirsa

SH13 Dhaka 105 6 2 4 12 46

5Dhaka RaikotBarnala Mansa

Sardulgarh Sirsa

SH13 Dhaka 111 5 3 7 15 46

6

Dhaka Raikot

Barnala Mansa

Sardulgarh Sirsa

SH13 Dhaka 141 4 2 0 6 30

7Sahnewal

DehlonLODR18 Sahnewal 4 1 4 12 17 30


53/77





Table 4.7A: Description of Black Spot Locations on Phase-II Roads


Code

Location

(km)

Near Village/

Town

Police

Station

Police

District

Type of

Area

Type of

PlaceType of accident %ag

MDR20 99 km from

BhikhiBhikhi Mansa Rural Built up Head on collision 100

MDR43 542 km from

JaitoJaito Faridkot Rural Built up Head on collision 100


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle13

Side brush /swipe 13

MDR48 59Near

NurmehalNurmehal Jalandhar Urban Built up

Hit Pedestrain 25


SH13 105 Near Mansa Mansa city Mansa

Semi

Urban/

Urban

Built upHit from rear of a

moving vehicle18


Hit from rear of a

moving vehicle43SH13 111

3 km from

MansaMansa city Mansa

Semi

Urban/

Urban

Built up

Others 14


Hit from rear of amoving vehicle

25SH13 141 11 km fromJhunir Jhunir Mansa Rural Built up

Hit Pedestrain 50

Head on collision 38LODR18 4

4 km from

SahnewalSahnewal Ludhiana Rural Built up

Side brush /swipe 50


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4.5 Analysis for Other RoadsThe accident data for other roads was also analysed to determine the ASI. The chainage wise

detail of accidents within each police station jurisdiction for other roads is inAppendix 15.


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List of Accident Black Spot Locations Marked in Fig 4.4 Revision: R3


Accident Black Spot Locations on Package-I, Phase-I Roads

Sum of Five YearsSlNo. Road Name RoadCode Startingfrom Location(km) Fatal Major Minor Total ASI

D1Kot Kapura Jaitu

Chand Bhan GonianaFODR03 Kotkapura 16 3 2 6 11 30

D2 Nawanshahr Phillaur JODR09 Nawanshahr 15 4 4 0 8 36

D3Sangrur Sunam

Lehra BorderMDR21 Sangrur 2 5 2 3 10 39

D4

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan

MDR31 Patiala 48 7 3 4 14 55

D5Malerkotla Jarg

Khanna

MDR33 Malerkotla 23 3 4 0 7 30

D6Malerkotla Jarg

KhannaMDR33 Malerkotla 24 4 3 6 13 39

D7Malerkotla Jarg

KhannaMDR33 Malerkotla 33 5 1 0 6 33

D8

Pakhoke Bhadaur

Bhagta Bajakhana

Jaitu

MDR43 Pakhoke 3 3 8 2 13 44

D9Jagraon Raikot

MalerkotlaMDR51 Jagraon 5 2 14 8 24 62

D10Jalandhar Kapurthala

Lohian MakhuMDR52 Jalandhar 5 4 6 1 11 43

D11 Jalandhar KapurthalaLohian Makhu

MDR52 Jalandhar 7 3 7 0 10 39

D12Jalandhar Kapurthala

Lohian MakhuMDR52 Jalandhar 8 8 3 7 18 64

D13

Amritsar Fatehgarh

Churian Dera Baba

Nanak

MDR64 Amritsar 5 4 5 3 12 42

D14

Amritsar Fatehgarh

Churian Dera Baba

Nanak

MDR64 Amritsar 6 7 6 4 17 64

D15

Amritsar Fatehgarh

Churian Dera BabaNanak MDR64 Amritsar 15 5 1 2 8 35

D16

Amritsar Fatehgarh

Churian Dera Baba

Nanak

MDR64 Amritsar 19 5 0 1 6 31

D17

Amritsar Fatehgarh

Churian Dera Baba

Nanak

MDR64 Amritsar 20 2 8 10 20 46

D18Dera Baba Nanak

Batala BeasMDR66

Dera Baba

Nanak35 5 2 0 7 36

D19Dera Baba Nanak

Batala BeasMDR66

Dera Baba

Nanak39 3 10 0 13 48

D20 Dera Baba NanakBatala Beas

MDR66 Dera BabaNanak

50 8 3 0 11 57


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Sardulgarh Sirsa

D38 Ferozepur Faridkot SH15 Ferozepur 28 2 1 19 22 34

D39 Moga KotkapuraMuktsar Malaut

SH16 Moga 48 8 8 2 18 74

D40Moga Kotkapura

Muktsar MalautSH16

Moga49 7 0 4 11 46

D41Moga Kotkapura

Muktsar MalautSH16

Moga57 5 1 1 7 34

D42Moga Kotkapura

Muktsar MalautSH16

Moga80 6 3 1 10 46

D43Moga Kotkapura

Muktsar MalautSH16

Moga82 5 2 0 7 36

D44Bathinda Talwandi

Sabo Haryana BorderSH17 Bathinda 8 3 9 4 16 49

D45Bathinda Talwandi

Sabo Haryana BorderSH17 Bathinda 14 3 16 10 29 76

D46 Moga Harike Khalra SH19 Moga 1 5 0 1 6 31

D47

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 38 6 0 4 10 40

D48

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal KiratpurSahib

SH22 Amritsar 137 5 2 3 10 39

D49

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 138 4 2 3 9 33

D50

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 139 3 7 7 17 46

D51

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 147 8 7 23 38 92

D52

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 151 3 2 6 11 30

D53

Amritsar

SrihargobindpurTanda Hoshiarpur SH22 Amritsar 153 9 2 8 19 68


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Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

D54

Amritsar

SrihargobindpurTanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 154 14 2 9 25 99

D55

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 156 4 1 3 8 30

D56

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda HoshiarpurNangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 160 5 0 6 11 36

D57

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 163 8 2 2 12 56

D58

Amritsar

Srihargobindpur

Tanda Hoshiarpur

Nangal Kiratpur

Sahib

SH22 Amritsar 164 7 5 6 18 63

Accident Black Spot Locations on Rehabilitation Roads

Sum of Five YearsSl

No.Road Name

Road

Code

Starting

from

Location


A1Kapurthala Sultanpur

LodhiMDR49 Kapurthala 3 9 2 5 16 65


Lodhi

MDR49 Kapurthala 5 5 3 6 14 45







A6 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 46 6 0 2 8 38






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A13 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 64 4 4 4 12 40A14 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 65 1 10 4 15 40



A17

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir

SH12A Chandigarh 10 4 2 1 7 31

A18

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir


A19

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir


A20

Chandigarh Sirhind

Gobindgarh Nabha

Bhawanigarh Sunam

Kotshamir


A21Zira Ferozepur


A22 Zira FerozepurFazilka

SH20 Zira 12 6 3 0 9 45

A23Zira Ferozepur


Accident Black Spot Locations on Upgradation Roads

Sum of Five YearsSl

No.Road Name

Road

Code

Starting

from

Location

(km) Fatal

Major Minor Total ASI

B1

Phillaur

Nawanshahr JODR05 Phillaur 6 7 2 1 10 49

B2

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

3 5 7 4 16 55

B3

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

4 13 6 15 34 111

B4

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

6 8 7 0 15 69

B5

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda KuraliSiswan MDR31

Patiala9 8 0 5 13 53


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B6

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

11 7 5 2 14 59

B7

Patiala SirhindMorinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

12 7 2 3 12 51

B8

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

15 5 0 2 7 32

B9

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

17 4 1 6 11 33

B10

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

19 4 2 3 9 33

B11

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

20 5 1 3 9 36

B12

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

21 4 2 10 16 40

B13

Patiala Sirhind

Morinda Kurali

Siswan MDR31

Patiala

23 9 3 7 19 70

B14

Patiala Nabha

Malerkotla MDR32Patiala

2 3 6 6 15 42

B15Patiala NabhaMalerkotla MDR32

Patiala22 3 4 4 11 34

B16 Landran Banur RODR04 Landran 10 2 7 3 12 36

B17 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 8 21 8 10 39 160






B23 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 19 5 0 0 5 30B24 Ludhiana Sangrur SH11 Ludhiana 25 6 2 1 9 43




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Chapter - 5.0

Guidelines for Road Safety Audit


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Guidelines for Road Safety Audit Revision: R3

ROAD SAFETY ASSESSMENT REPORT

5.0 GUIDELINES FOR ROAD SAFETY AUDIT5.1

Introduction

A Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a formal procedure for assessing safety shortfall / non-compliance

to safety standards of an existing or future road or intersection.

Road safety audits can be used in any phase of project development from planning and

preliminary engineering, design and construction and for any sized project from minor rural roads

to inter-state National Highways. RSAs can be viewed as a proactive low-cost approach to

improve safety.

5.2 ObjectiveObjective of RSA is to examine projects for potential accident elimination / reduction on the basis

of road user knowledge, attributes and skills, day/night, wet/dry road conditions.

Under the present context, RSA is much easier to perform, as the Accident Black Spots based on

last 5 years accident data, has been identified. One (design consultants) needs to ide

main report road safety assessment report

Documents