Major and Minor Groups on the Periodic Table

Major and Minor Groups on the Periodic Table

1. Representative Elements

Notes Groups 1, 2, 13-17Feature all of the possible properties for elements on the periodic tableThey represent the other elementsExamples: Metals, Non-Metals, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Positive Ions, Negative Ions ..etc Noble Gases

Notes Group 18 ElementsAll GasesMost stable elements that exist on the entire tableHave 8 valence electrons (Full Shell)No Need to react with any other elementsCalled Inert Gases

Transition Metals

NotesGroups 3-12Middle of the TableAll are metals, all form positive ionsLose electrons when reactingWhen alone have metallic bondsCan have multiple charges Able to shift valence electrons to different orbitals to achieve stabilityForm colored solutions

Inner Transition Metals

Notes Elements that have been pulled outRare elementsNot typically found in nature Some are man made, others radioactiveHave lots of electrons but are not very reactive Specific Group/Family Headings

Group 1 Alkali Metals

NotesEasily Lose ElectronsAll have a charge of +1All lose 1 electron when reactingNever found alone in nature due to their high level of reactivityCan only form ionic bondsFr is the most active metal on the table but due to high instability is rarely foundMost active group of metalsVery low ionization energies and very low electronegativity values

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

NotesNot as reactive as group 1, but still reactiveHave +2 ionic chargesAlways lose 2 valence electrons during reactionsNot found alone in natureCommonly form bases

Group 13/Boron FamilyGroup 14 Carbon FamilyNotesCarbon only forms covalent bondsGroup moves from non-metal at top, to metalloid, and finally onto metals Group 15 Nitrogen FamilyNotes Starts with non-metals at top, moves onto metalloids and finally ends with metals Group 16 Oxygen FamilyGroup 17 Halogens

NotesAll in the group are non-metals except for AtMetallic properties increase down the groupOnly group with all 3 states of matter (F, Cl are gases, Br is a liquid, and I and At are solids)Highly reactive (most reactive non-metals) All Gain 1 electron in reactionsHave ionic charges of -1Fluorine is most reactive non-metalAll have high ionization energies and high electronegativity values

Group 18 Nobel Gases