Make it Work For You

Small Business Environmental Assistance Program

• A technical, administrative and regulatory support program on pollution issues for small business

• Circulation of regulatory and other information

• Work with trade Associations Training Workshops

SBEAP

Small Business Environmental Assistance Program

• Permitting Assistance• Explaining Clean Air Act Amendment

Requirements• Notifying affected industry of new

regulations• Help with technical & compliance

problems

SBEAP

Small Business Environmental Assistance Program• Referrals• Advocate for small business during regulatory process

• Development of brochures, manuals, fact sheets, etc.

• Training

SBEAP

Save Electricity

Save Money

Save the Earth

Pollution Prevented

Every Kilowatt-hour saved prevents 1.5 lbs. of carbon dioxide (one of the

Greenhouse Gases) 5.8 Grams of sulfur dioxide (one of the

leading causes of acid rain) 2.5 Grams of nitrogen oxides (one of the

main components of smog)

Energy Production

To produce $100 worth of electricity 1700 lbs. of coal are mined 2500 lbs. of carbon dioxide is produced

(Greenhouse gas) 21.3 lbs. of sulfur dioxide is produced

(acid rain) 9.2 lbs. of nitrogen oxides are produced

(smog)

Ways You Can Save Money Through Energy Conservation

Replacing older lights with more efficient lights

Replacing incandescent lights with new compact fluorescent lights

Replacing older appliances with Energy Star Labeled products.

Fluorescent Tube Lamps

Most commonly used for large office type areas

Not very effective for lighting high ceiling areas

Very commonly used therefore reasonably cheap

New tubes contain less mercury and meet EPA mercury standards

Compact Fluorescent lamps (CFL)

Last longer and use less energy (about 1/4th) than incandescent bulbs

Can be used in most all locations that incandescent bulbs can be used

High-Bay compact fluorescent luminaires can be used for high ceiling areas

Most not capable of dimming or starting at low temperatures

Incandescent bulbs

Only five percent of energy put into an incandescent bulb is converted to light.

Operate on principle of resistance, the least efficient method

How do CFLs compare to incandescent bulbs

CFLs use about 75% less energy than incandescent bulbs

CFLs last ten or more times as long, reducing maintenance hassles

CFLs don't produce as much heat which will lower cooling costs

Can estimate what wattage CFL to use by dividing incandescent wattage by 4

Color Rendering Index (CRI)

The CRI is a relative scale indicating how perceived colors match actual colors.

75-100 CRI is excellent color rendition 0-55 CRI is poor color rendition Most T8 lamps have a CRI of 75-85+ Cool white T-12 lamps have a CRI of 62 CFLs have a typical CRI of 82-86

Life Expectancy

Measured in hours of expected operation Incandescent bulbs are rated at 750 to

2000 hours Fluorescent lamps last 6000 to 24000

hours, 10 times as long as incandescents

Ballasts may last as long as 40,000 to 100,000 hours

Just what are the numbers?

In Tennessee the average cost of

electricity is about $0.063 per kWh

Most businesses use indoor lighting

3650 hours a year.

L&C Tower upgrade

They replaced the older F40T12 lights with F32T8 Phillips Alto lamps

The old ballasts were replaced with Magnetek 4 lamp instant start electronic ballasts at 75% output

Payback of about two years with savings estimated at over $40,000 per year and a 41% reduction in electrical usage

Prevented over 450 tons of CO2

Energy Star labeled equipment can reduce energy use due to special

features like sleep mode and low power standby mode.

Energy Star Equipment

Typical Savings with Energy Star

OfficeEquipment

AnnualSavings

Percentage ofOperating cost

Computer $19 49%

Fax Machine $13 52%

Printer $39 65%

Copier (med) $57 57%

Copier (large) $130 58%

Other energy saving practices

Encourage machines to be turned off for the night or weekend if they are not needed

Use double sided printing and copying Insulate water heaters, consider on-

demand water heaters Clean refrigerator coils

Common Heating SystemsElectric

Electric Resistance COP = 1.0

Air Source Heat Pump COP ~ 2.5 Also air conditions

GeoExchange Heat Pump COP ~ 3.5 Also air conditions

Electric Resistance HeatingHeaters and Electric Furnaces

Hot wire heating elements

Lowest initial cost

Highest energy cost

Cost can be exorbitant if on demand

billing

Gas Furnace

Least maintenance of combustion systems

New 90 + AFUE condensing furnaces recover latent heat from water in flue gas

Some do not require flue, can vent through pipe. More flexible installation

Air Source Heat PumpsAdvantages

Most widely used here Service readily available Newer units have SEER competitive

with GeoExchange Highest efficiency to date is 18

SEER in a split system

Air Source Heat PumpsAdvantages

Some new high efficiency units

available with new 410a HFC ozone

safe refrigerant.

Carrier/Bryant/Day and Night ( Puron)

Rheem/Ruud ( Prozone )

Lower first cost than geoexchange

Air Source Heat Pumps Disadvantages

Heating efficiency drops in cold weather when needed most Efficiency decreases as heat exchangers

deteriorate More complex because of reversing for

defrost cycle High maintenance and noise Use resistance heat during defrost

Not good if on demand billing

Air Source Heat Pump Efficiency Loss

Air Source Heat Pumps Disadvantages

Heating efficiency drops in cold weather when needed most Efficiency decreases as heat exchangers

deteriorate More complex because of reversing for

defrost cycle High maintenance and noise Use resistance heat during defrost

Not good if on demand billing

GeoExchange Heat Pump Advantages

Lowest total life cycle cost Least overall pollution ( EPA Study ) Lowest maintenance

Small - No heat exchanger cleaning Large - No boiler or cooling tower maintenance

Highest efficiency Least noise Expected longest life ( indoor

installation)

GeoExchange Heat Pump Advantages

Sizes from 1/2 to over 1000 tons Installation flexibility

Many small units on one loop allows individual control at small cost premium -or-

One large unit Retrofits may use some existing

equipment

Lowest Cost /Least Polluting Units

Geoexchange heat pump/water heater

High efficiency gas furnace and high efficiency electric AC ( split system )

Gas water heater

High efficiency electric heat pump Gas water heater

News You Can UseDecrease Solar Load

Plant trees ! Whole house fan Adequate Attic Ventilation Adequate insulation Awnings over windows Light colored roofs Light colored blinds/shades/window film

News You Can UseMaintain Systems

Clean and comb heat exchangers

Pull disconnect Beware double feed

Replace and tighten screws on cabinets

Seal ducts in unconditioned spaces

Timed thermostats

News You Can Use

News You Can UseMaintain Systems

Clean and comb heat exchangers

Pull disconnect Beware double feed

Replace and tighten screws on cabinets

Seal ducts in unconditioned spaces

Timed thermostats

Check Equipment Ratings

Use the Energy Star web sitehttp://www.energystar.gov

Resources for more information

EPA's Energy Star Program on the web at www.energystar.gov

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation at www.tn.gov/environment

TVA at http://www.energyright.com/ Better Bulbs Direct at

www.betterbulbsdirect.com/index.html

More resources

U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Resources Network at http://www.eren.doe.gov/

Lawrence Berkley Labs Home Energy Saver at http://hes.lbl.gov/

Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium at http://www.ghpc.org/

ASHRAE at http://www.ashrae.org/

1-800-734-3619

CALL US IF YOU NEED US