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8/9/2019 Malaysia HR4

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women* adopted in 1979 by the General Assembly and came into force in 1981.

* Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex

which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying therecognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their

marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights

and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil

or any other field.

* Monitored by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination

against Women.


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Declaration of the Rights of the Child* A series of related children's rights proclamations. The first was

adopted by the International Save the Children Union, Geneva, in

1923 and endorsed by the League of Nations General Assembly in

1924 as the World Child Welfare Charter.

* On 20 November 1959 the United Nations General Assembly adopted

a much expanded version as its own Declaration of the Rights of the

Child. This date has been adopted as the Universal Children's Day.

1. The child must be given the means requisite for its normal development, both

materially and spiritually.

2. The child that is hungry must be fed, the child that is sick must be nursed,

the child that is backward must be helped, the delinquent child must bereclaimed, and the orphan and the waif must be sheltered and secured.

3. The child must be the first to receive relief in times of distress.

4. The child must be put in a position to earn a livelihood, and must be

protected against every form of exploitation.

5. The child must be brought up in the consciousness that its talents must bedevoted to the service of its fellow men.


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UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

The General Assembly adopted the convention and opened it forsignature in 1989 and came into force in 1990.

* It requires that states act in the best interests of the child.

* Basic rights, including the right to life, his or her own name and identity, to

be raised by his or her parents within a family or cultural grouping and have a

relationship with both parents, even if they are separated

* Children have the right to express their opinions and to have those opinions

heard and acted upon when appropriate, to be protected from abuse or

exploitation, to have their privacy protected and requires that their lives not

be subject to excessive interference.


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UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

* Obligation on the states to provide separate legal representation for a child in

any judicial dispute concerning their care and asks that the child's viewpoint be

heard in such cases.

* The Convention forbids capital punishment for children.

* Two optional protocols (2000)

- The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict

- The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale

of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.

* The convention is monitored by the Committee on the Rights of the Child


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UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

* An international convention approved in July 1951. It was initially limited toprotecting European refugees after World War II but a 1967 Protocol expanded its

scope.

* It defines who is a refugee, "A person who owing to a well-founded fear of beingpersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular

social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and isunable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that

country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former

habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is

unwilling to return to it.."

* It sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and theresponsibilities of nations that grant asylum.

* It sets out which people do not qualify as refugees, such as war criminals.

* It also provides for some visa-free travel for holders of travel documentsissued under the convention.


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Convention on the Protection of the Rights of AllMigrant Workers and Members of Their Families

* Entered into force in March 2003.

* It aims to foster respect for migrants human rights. Migrants are

not only workers, they are also human beings. The Convention does not

create new rights for migrants but aims at guaranteeing equality of

treatment, and the same working conditions for migrants and

nationals.

* The Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW) monitors

implementation of the convention, and is one of the seven UN-linked

Human rights treaty bodies


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Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

* Adopted by the General Assembly in September 2007.

* Indigenous peoples : any ethnic group of people who inhabit a

geographic region with which they have the earliest known historical

connection and have maintained at least in part their distinct

linguistic, cultural and social/organizational characteristics, and in

doing so remain differentiated in some degree from the surrounding

populations and dominant culture of the nation-state.

* The non-binding declaration outlines the individual and collective rights

of indigenous peoples, as well as their rights to identity, culture,

language, employment, health, education and other issues.


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Disability Rights Movement

Aims to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities b

Access to public areas such as city streets and public buildings and

restrooms

Access to education and employment have also been a major focus of

this movement with use of adaptive technologies.

The right to have an independent life as an adult nefits

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