mamacocos ea project - car-spaw-rac · collation of existing ecological and socio-economic...

MAMACOCOSEA PROJECT

18-20 March 2013Paramaribo,

Suriname

Marine Mammal Conservation Corridor forNorthern South America Follow-Up

Workshop Proceedings

Mamacocosea Project

WORKSHOP CONTEXT......................................................................................6

SESSION 1: OPENING SESSION........................................................................7

Introduction welcome by Monique Pool, Gaël Hubert and Marion Brichet...............................7Opening by the representative of the Minister of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheriesof the Republic of Suriname....................................................................................................7Workshop objectives, Monique POOL.....................................................................................7

SESSION 2.........................................................................................................9

Overview of Conventions, Action Plans and Initiatives of relevance to Marine Conservation. .9The SPAW Protocol and its Marine Mammal Action Plan, Gaëel HUBERT CAR SPAW-RAC,................................................................................................................................................9Mamacocosea context, Marion BRICHET AAMP..................................................................10Introduction to Marine Ecosystem-Based Management - Tundi AGARDY............................11Presentation on ecological mapping, species coverage, methodology, socio-economic mapping of human impacts, challenges and lessons learned for the Wider Caribbean Region - Gaël HUBERT....................................................................................................................12The LifeWeb Project “Broad-scale Marine Spatial Planning of Marine Mammal Corridors and Protected Areas in Wider Caribbean and Southeast & Northeast Pacific” is a 2.5 years project started in mid-2010, funded by the Government of Spain and coordinated and administrated by UNEP with assistance of the SPAW-RAC for the Caribbean. It focuses not only on cetaceans but on sirenians (manatee) too. Its main goal is to improve spatial protection of marine mammals through the development and enforcement of appropriate tools including MPAs and sanctuaries for MM.......................................................................12The objectives of the project are to:......................................................................................12Provide an overview of essential habitats and regional-scale migration routes for marine mammals in need of better management in Southeast and Northeast Pacific and Wider Caribbean through collation and GIS-mapping of existing data, including socio-economic information ;..........................................................................................................................12Introduce integrated planning approaches, including providing technical guidance, regional training and learning exchanges on marine spatial planning and MMPA networks design ;. .12Apply integrated marine spatial planning and management approaches and tools in demonstration projects ;........................................................................................................12Develop strategic communication products ;.........................................................................12Promote the implementation of each Marine Mammal Action Plan and related instruments..12To achieve those targets, the LifeWeb Project includes 5 components:................................121.Regional integration, mapping and GIS analysis of MM migration routes, critical habitats and human threats ;..............................................................................................................122.Regional training and learning-exchanges on integrated marine management and governance ;.........................................................................................................................123.Strategic communication – “Making the case” for transboundary MM management ;.........124.Reinforcement of regional polices and protocols (and associated institutional frameworks) underpinning transboundary governance ;............................................................................125.Demonstration projects on MM management planning.......................................................12In the framework of the 1st component of the project, it has been highlighted that effort is needed to better apply existing information sources to visualize MM critical habitats and migration routes and key human uses of these areas as well as to integrate data currently available and identify what gaps remain specific to essential habitats and regional-scale migration routes for marine mammals. The different proposed activities are the inventory and collation of existing ecological and socio-economic information in coherent format, the GIS-

Mamacocosea Project

analysis and mapping of ecological and socio-economic information to visualize regional maps of MM migration, critical habitats, area-based management measures, human pressures and the layout and production of information products such as maps and ‘fact sheets’. The issues addressed through component 1 are maps of distribution and richness of all 25 MM species that occur regularly in the WCR (24 cetaceans and the Antillean manatee),maps of the main threats and impacts that MM are facing, maps of policies and governance for the conservation of the MM and overlays of species richness with some key issues regarding threats and protection. For each of these issues, one regional map with corresponding datalayers and datasets as well as factsheets (in English, Spanish and French) presenting the methodology and data were produced. The work was coordinated by the SPAW-RAC with the help of 3 main partners (Jean-Nicolas POUSSART from GRID-Arendal, Kristin KASCHNER from WDCS and Randall REEVES).........................................12The objective of synthetic maps is to provide a basis for discussion on transboundary management and marine spatial planning by displaying how the species distribution or richness overlaps with either major threats and/or protection in order to identify critical areas, to identify critical corridors and to identify existing protections and gaps. The cross-analysis can be done for each MM species and other threats/impacts/policies can be displayed together with species distribution/richness. A free-access mapping tool has been developed by the SPAW-RAC on his website which allows users to build their own map choosing between the different available datalayers............................................................................13Following those outputs, some challenges still remain (paucity of data in the region, use of predicted occurrence for the distribution maps which should be taken with caution, impossibility to map some threats/impacts, lack of information on the actual status of protection of MM in a number of countries…) and some enhancements need to be provided...............................................................................................................................................13The 2nd component of the LifeWeb Project is focused on Regional training and learning-exchanges on integrated marine management and governance...........................................13Its objectives are to:..............................................................................................................13 Build capacity for marine spatial planning and MPA planners at a national level..................13 Raise awareness and engaging countries in training/technical consultations.......................13 Reinforce existing MM protected areas efforts in the WCR and build synergies...................13 The main activities of the project are:...................................................................................13- a Wider Caribbean regional training course and consultation with government planners and experts on marine spatial planning, management and governance options to support MM management;........................................................................................................................13- a sub-regional consultations/training activities on spatial planning and management of MM corridors and critical habitats in the framework of the building of marine mammals conservation corridors → focus on two areas:.......................................................................131.Eastern Caribbean (which includes North from the Dominican Republic to South of Trinidad, to encompass the Virgin Islands and the Lesser Antilles): a marine spatial planning scenario exercise was held during the Inter-Regional Workshop on Broad-Scale Marine Spatial Planning and Transboundary Marine Mammal Management (Panama, May 2012) in order to promote and reinforce multilateral cooperation for managing human activities impacting migration corridors of MM along the Eastern Caribbean, with special focus on humpback whales, sperm whales and dolphins, applying existing data and mapping outputs (see component 1). The decision was taken to use Seasketch (a platform for collaborative ocean geodesign) as a decision support tool for spatial planning and zoning of human activities (data upload in the platform still in process…)........................................................132.North of the South America which encompass the MaMa CoCo Sea Project area. Followinga first workshop during ICoMMPA2 (Martinique, November 2011), the current workshop (Paramaribo, right now) is financially supported by the LifeWeb. Its scope is the formulation

Mamacocosea Project

of an action plan including pooling and sharing of capacity building and management actions,with special focus on Sotalia spp...........................................................................................14

SESSION 3: EXAMINE EXISTING DATA AND KNOWLEDGE ON MARINE

MAMMALS (SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITATS) IN THE ECOREGION OF

NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (COUNTRY BY COUNTRY).............................16

Description and introduction of the Ecoregion of Northern South America and the document produced by the French Agency for Marine Protected Areas (AAMP) and summary of the 1st workshop held in Martinique, November 2011, and its conclusions - Marion BRICHET........16Presentation by Brazil - Aquatic Mammals of Northern Brazilian coast, Miriam MARMONTEL - João C. GOMES BORGES.................................................................................................19Presentation by French Guiana - Hélène DELVAUX - Marine Biodiversity Programme Officer,Direction of the Environment, French Guiana and Antoine HAUSELMANN - GEPOG NGO, Reserve Naturelle des îles du Grand Connétable.................................................................20Presentation by Suriname - Monique POOL - Green Heritage Fund Suriname and Karin BILO- WWF Guianas....................................................................................................................21Presentation by Guyana - Michelle Kalamandeen -Department of Biology, University of Guyana and Patrick Chesney -Guiana Shield Facility, UNDP...............................................22Presentation by Venezuela - Existing data and knowledge on marine mammals in the Bolivarian republic of Venezuela - Jaime BOLAÑOS, Sociedad Ecológica Venezuela Vida Marina (Sea Vida).................................................................................................................22Presentation by Trinidad and Tobago - Dr. Judith Gobin - Dept. of Life Sciences University of West Indies, St Augustine and Dr. Asha Singh -Institute of Marine Affairs............................24Presentation by Aruba - Aruba Anjiolina................................................................................26Presentation by Colombia - Aquatic Mammals in Colombia: an update for 2005-2012 - Fernando Trujillo...................................................................................................................26

SESSION 5: FIRST BREAKOUT-GROUP ABOUT KNOWLEDGE ON MARINE

MAMMALS (DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE).............................................29

Identify data gaps on the distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the Ecoregion of Northern South America and determine potential data sources, partners, and research/monitoring programmes to be developed in collaboration in the future...................29Knowledge gaps...................................................................................................................29Research groups...................................................................................................................30Knowledge: Priorities by country...........................................................................................30

SESSION 6: SECOND BREAKOUT-GROUP ABOUT THREATS AND LEGAL

FRAMEWORK...................................................................................................43

Establish current threats, current legal management framework (country by country) and identify common stakes to be addressed jointly as well as possible priority actions/issues...43Actions plans.........................................................................................................................47

SESSION 7.......................................................................................................48

Formulation of an action plan (including inter alia capacity building through training courses, regional surveys, stranding network).....................................................................................48

WORKSHOP OUTPUTS RESUME.....................................................................52

PARTICIPANTS LIST.......................................................................................53

BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................55

Mamacocosea Project

WORKSHOP CONTEXTThis regional collaboration on marine mammals comes from a significant and hitherto unsuspected abundance of cetaceans revealed in French Guiana and the observation that with regards to marine mammals, the countries of northern South America (from the Amazon delta to Colombia) shared common populations of cetaceans and manatees, common ecological characteristics (strong effect of major river plumes) and similar threats (fisheries, oil and gas industries, shipping, pollution of terrestrial and marine origins…). The French Agency for Marine Protected Areas (AAMP), with help from the Regional Activity Centre for the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol (SPAW-RAC) highlighted the potential importance of a regional scientific cooperation project on marine mammals due to the diversity and abundance of the species, of which two have restricted ranges, their regional distribution ranges from the Amazon delta in Brazil to Colombia and their status, to respond to the challenges identified.

The proposed regional cooperation project would also be a tool for implementing, in the area, the SPAW-RAC Marine Mammal Action Plan (MMAP). The objectives of the project are indeedconsistent with those defined in MMAP, particularly as regards furthering knowledge and pooling data.

A first workshop was held in Martinique, November 2011 during the second international conference on marine mammal protected areas. During this first workshop, Green Heritage Fund Suriname (GFS) offered to host this follow up workshop in 2013.

This second workshop was coordinated by the SPAW-RAC, the AAMP and the GFS, with additional financial support generously provided by WWF Guianas and the Spain Government (as part of the LifeWeb Project). It was aimed at formulating an action plan for the effective management of marine areas and mammals in the Eco-region of Northern South America to support the protection of the marine biological diversity in the region.

The Regional Action Plan will encompasses the area from Maranhão state in Brazil to Colombia and include the Economic Exclusive Zone for Brazil (Maranhão, Para and Amapa states), French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia (Caribbean region), Trinidad and Tobago and the ABC Dutch Caribbean islands (Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao).

This area is in line with the relevant spatial scales of marine mammal populations living in the region, and with the geographical extent of current threats and pressures to which these species are exposed.

This regional action plan could be: - a tool for regional coordination- a way to be stronger together- a means to find funding for collaborative project- a framework to exchange experiences and knowledge- a support to increase visibility of regional cooperative efforts aimed at strengthening conservation of marine mammals thanks to an adapted communication strategy

Mamacocosea Project

SESSION 1: OPENING SESSION

Introduction welcome by Monique Pool, Gaël Hubert

and Marion Brichet

Opening by the representative of the Minister of

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the

Republic of Suriname

Workshop objectives, Monique POOL

Monique Pool presents all participants from every country represented in the workshop.

Workshop Background

Green Heritage Fund Suriname offered to host this follow-up workshop during the 2011 Mamacocosea workshop. With this workshop, GHFS and SPAW-RAC aim to inform public institutions about MPAs, regional marine spatial planning and specific research and policy needs.

Workshop Goal

The general goal of the workshop is to elaborate an action plan for the effective management of the marine areas and mammals in the Eco-region of Northern South America to support the protection of the marine biological diversity in the region. This action plan will be draw up further to the meeting.

Justification

This workshop is specifically designed to provide local support and accelerate regional and national marine protected areas establishment efforts, as well as promote regional collaboration.

Workshop Objectives

1. Familiarize Workshop Participants with Regional Initiatives for Marine Mammal Conservation and the proposed Marine Mammal Conservation Corridor for Northern South America

2. Familiarize Workshop Participants with work done by AAMP with REMMOA survey

3. Introduce and familiarize workshop participants with the Ecoregion of Northern South America

4. Introduce Marine Ecosystem-Based Management

5. Examine existing data and knowledge on marine mammals (species and critical habitats) in the Ecoregion of Northern South America (country by country)

Mamacocosea Project

6. Identify data gaps on the distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the Ecoregion of Northern South America

7. Determine potential data sources and partners

8. Establish current threats (country by country)

9. Establish current legal management framework (country by country)

10. Formulate an action plan (including inter alia capacity building through training courses, regional surveys, stranding network)

11. Provide an update on Suriname’s marine protected areas process, including objectives.

Mamacocosea Project

SESSION 2

Overview of Conventions, Action Plans and Initiatives

of relevance to Marine Conservation

The SPAW Protocol and its Marine Mammal Action Plan,

Gaël HUBERT SPAW-RAC

Marine and coastal biodiversity

in the Wider Caribbean

An outstanding natural heritage...… Upon which the economy relies… But facing a number of threats

A regional treaty: the Cartagena

Convention and its SPAW

ProtocolRegional agreement for the protection anddevelopment of the marine environment of the Wider Caribbean One of the UNEP's 18 Regional Sea Conventions Implemented through 3 protocols

The SPAW Protocol: objectives and PartiesObjectives: • To protect, preserve and manage sensitive areas • To protect and preserve threatened and endangered species of flora and fauna (annex I and II)

• To protect species of regional concern to prevent them becoming threatened or endangered (annex III)

The only regional legally-binding agreement on biodiversity in the Caribbean

4 objectives of the current workplan (Oct 2012 – Oct 2014):

1. Reinforcement of Protected Areas in the WCR

2. Development of guidelines for the management of protected areas and species

3. Conservation of threatened and endangered species (turtles, marine mammals, etc)

4. Conservation and sustainable management of coastal and marine ecosystems

Cooperation and transboundary protection under the SPAW

Protocol

Article 7 Cooperation Programme for, and Listing of, Protected AreasArticle 9 Protected Areas and Buffer Zones Contiguous to International BoundariesArticle 11: Co-operative measures for the protection of wild flora and faunaArticle 17 Scientific, technical and management research

Mamacocosea Project

The Marine Mammal Action PlanThe MMAP was elaborated by a regional expert group, and adopted by the SPAW Conferenceof the Parties in 2008. Its goal is to identify major threats, key objectives and concrete actions, to establish priorities and a timetable. All actions are to be implemented with respect of national priorities and capabilities.

National initiatives for the spatial protection of marine

mammals

Several countries, in particular SPAW countries, have developed actions for the conservation of marine mammals. Among them, some have launched the creation of sanctuaries or other categories of protected areas for marine mammals. Cooperation and collaborations have to be developed between MMPAs.

Mamacocosea context, Marion BRICHET AAMP

In French Guiana, an inventory of marine mammal populationsconducted by the University of La Rochelle, for the AAMP revealed a significant and hitherto unsuspected abundance of

cetaceans. The density of cetaceans observed in

French Guiana was shown to be substantially

higher than in the French West Indies. These studies, and the regional strategic analysis of the marine environment performed by the AMMP in French Guiana (2009), highlighted the potential importance of a regional scientific cooperation project on marine mammals to respond to the challenges identified.

A regional approach vital for conservation

French Guiana shares many marine mammal species with

neighbouring countries. The diversity of the species, their cross-border distribution

range and their status1, some of them being endangered, underline the need for increased,

coordinated action between the different countries. The inclusion these species in various international conventions and treaties2 makes cooperation between countries in northern Latin America, from northern Brazil to Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, all the more relevant.

A cooperation project covering the entire area from northeastern Brazil to Colombia would thusappear to be an interesting avenue to explore in order to respond to the challenges in French Guiana and in the whole region.

1 IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.2 Convention on international trade of endangered species of wild fauna and flora (intergovernmental agreement signed in Washington on 3 March 1973)Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (international treaty signed in Bonn in 1979)Convention for the protection and development of the marine environment of the Wider Caribbean

region (signed in Cartagena in 1983) and particularly the protocol concerning specially protected areas and wildlife (SPAW), adopted in 1990 and which entered into force in 2000

Mamacocosea Project

Shared challenges calling for joint action

This review of available scientific literature about the countries in question shows that a regional project could be relevant in order to update and improve knowledge of cetacean populations in the area, where economic stakes are high, and to help anticipate and manage the possible impacts of different activities. A first appropriate stage would consist in joining monitoring efforts and facilitating information-sharing.

Several kinds of human activities, even though they are little developed to date, can lead to interactions and even expose marine mammals to specific pressures and threats.

A regional project could therefore also aim to provide scientific and technical support, particularly by jointly established recommendations, to reconcile harmonious development of such socioeconomic activities with the need to protect habitats and species.

Such a project would thus contribute to efforts to sustainably develop certain activities that canbe an economic advantage, such as whale watching for example, and to overseeing others which impact the marine environment, such as oil exploration, fishing, land-based marine pollution and shipping.

Support and furtherance of actions of the SPAW Marine

Mammal Action Plan

The proposed regional cooperation project would also be a tool for implementing, in the area, the regional Marine Mammal Action Plan (MMAP) adopted at the fifth meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena convention SPAW Protocol in 2008, a protocol to which French Guiana (through France), Guyana, Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago are Contracting Parties. The objectives of the project are indeed consistent with those defined in the MMAP, particularly as regards furthering knowledge and pooling data.

Regional cooperation to develop and enhance

A scientific cooperation project on marine mammals in northern Latin America will demand close collaboration. Numerous initiatives and a variety of networks relating to marine mammalsexist. Yet, so far, the different countries relevant to the study area are involved to varying degrees. The project would thus facilitate a coordinated approach and foster greater awareness in northern Latin America and involvement in existing networks and initiatives.

Questions/commentsIt is suggested to work with people already engaged in marine turtle conservation.

Introduction to Marine Ecosystem-Based Management -

Tundi AGARDY

Questions/commentsIt has been asked how to manage ocean zoning in a restricted area and near shore. It seems that EBM already exists in the Caribbean, as e.g. shipping lines and security zones. Information bases and frameworks (UNEP) are available and a negotiation has to be done withcountries. Mediterranean example is quoted; there are international high sea areas which haveto be cooperatively managed. Caribbean stakeholders have common tools and are able to think about what has to be protected.

Mamacocosea Project

Presentation on ecological mapping, species coverage,

methodology, socio-economic mapping of human

impacts, challenges and lessons learned for the

Wider Caribbean Region - Gaël HUBERT

The LifeWeb Project “Broad-scale Marine Spatial Planning of Marine Mammal Corridors and Protected Areas in Wider Caribbean and Southeast & Northeast Pacific” is a 2.5 years project started in mid-2010, funded by the Government of Spain and coordinated and administrated by UNEP with assistance of the SPAW-RAC for the Caribbean. It focuses not only on cetaceans but on sirenians (manatee) too. Its main goal is to improve spatial protection of marine mammals through the development and enforcement of appropriate tools including MPAs and sanctuaries for MM.

The objectives of the project are to:

• Provide an overview of essential habitats and regional-scale migration routes for marine mammals in need of better management in Southeast and Northeast Pacific and Wider Caribbean through collation and GIS-mapping of existing data, including socio-economic information ;

• Introduce integrated planning approaches, including providing technical guidance, regional training and learning exchanges on marine spatial planning and MMPA networks design ;

• Apply integrated marine spatial planning and management approaches and tools in demonstration projects ;

• Develop strategic communication products ;

• Promote the implementation of each Marine Mammal Action Plan and related instruments.

To achieve those targets, the LifeWeb Project includes 5 components:

1. Regional integration, mapping and GIS analysis of MM migration routes, critical habitats and human threats ;

2. Regional training and learning-exchanges on integrated marine management and governance ;

3. Strategic communication – “Making the case” for transboundary MM management ;

4. Reinforcement of regional polices and protocols (and associated institutional frameworks) underpinning transboundary governance ;

5. Demonstration projects on MM management planning.

In the framework of the 1st component of the project, it has been highlighted that effort is needed to better apply existing information sources to visualize MM critical habitats and migration routes and key human uses of these areas as well as to integrate data currently available and identify what gaps remain specific to essential habitats and regional-scale migration routes for marine mammals. The different proposed activities are the inventory and collation of existing ecological and socio-economic information in coherent format, the GIS-analysis and mapping of ecological and socio-economic information to visualize regional maps of MM migration, critical habitats, area-based management measures, human pressures and the layout and production of information

Mamacocosea Project

products such as maps and ‘fact sheets’. The issues addressed through component 1 are maps of distribution and richness of all 25 MM species that occur regularly in the WCR (24 cetaceans and the Antillean manatee), maps of the main threats and impacts that MM are facing, maps of policies and governance for the conservation of the MM andoverlays of species richness with some key issues regarding threats and protection. For each of these issues, one regional map with corresponding datalayers and datasets as well as factsheets (in English, Spanish and French) presenting the methodology and data were produced. The work was coordinated by the SPAW-RAC with the help of 3 main partners (Jean-Nicolas POUSSART from GRID-Arendal, Kristin KASCHNER from WDCS and Randall REEVES).

The objective of synthetic maps is to provide a basis for discussion on transboundary management and marine spatial planning by displaying how the species distribution or richness overlaps with either major threats and/or protection in order to identify critical areas, to identify critical corridors and to identify existing protections and gaps. The cross-analysis can be done for each MM species and other threats/impacts/policies can be displayed together with species distribution/richness. A free-access mapping tool has been developed by the SPAW-RAC on his website which allows users to build their own map choosing between the different available datalayers.

Following those outputs, some challenges still remain (paucity of data in the region, use of predicted occurrence for the distribution maps which should be taken with caution, impossibility to map some threats/impacts, lack of information on the actual status of protection of MM in a number of countries…) and some enhancements need to be provided.

The 2nd component of the LifeWeb Project is focused on Regional training and learning-exchanges on integrated marine management and governance.

Its objectives are to:

� Build capacity for marine spatial planning and MPA planners at a national level

� Raise awareness and engaging countries in training/technical consultations

� Reinforce existing MM protected areas efforts in the WCR and build synergies

The main activities of the project are:

- a Wider Caribbean regional training course and consultation with government planners and experts on marine spatial planning, management and governance options to support MMmanagement;

- a sub-regional consultations/training activities on spatial planning and management of MM corridors and critical habitats in the framework of the building of marine mammals conservation corridors → focus on two areas:

1. Eastern Caribbean (which includes North from the Dominican Republic to South of Trinidad, to encompass the Virgin Islands and the Lesser Antilles): a marine spatial planning scenario exercise was held during the Inter-Regional Workshop on Broad-Scale Marine Spatial Planning and Transboundary Marine Mammal Management (Panama, May 2012) in order to promote and reinforce multilateral cooperation for managing human activities impacting migration corridors of MM along the Eastern

Mamacocosea Project

Caribbean, with special focus on humpback whales, sperm whales and dolphins, applying existing data and mapping outputs (see component 1). The decision was taken to use Seasketch (a platform for collaborative ocean geodesign) as a decisionsupport tool for spatial planning and zoning of human activities (data upload in the platform still in process…)

2. North of the South America which encompass the MaMa CoCo Sea Project area. Following a first workshop during ICoMMPA2 (Martinique, November 2011), the current workshop (Paramaribo, right now) is financially supported by the LifeWeb. Its scope is the formulation of an action plan including pooling and sharing of capacity building and management actions, with special focus on Sotalia spp.

More information available on the project website: www.spain-unepforpas.org

5.

Questions/commentsColombia, Venezuela and Brazil are able to improve the LifeWeb outputs because adequate information is available. The outputs have been already used for other projects.

Mamacocosea Project

SESSION 3: EXAMINE EXISTING DATA AND KNOWLEDGE ON MARINE MAMMALS (SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITATS) IN THE ECOREGION OF NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (COUNTRY BY COUNTRY)

Description and introduction of the Ecoregion of

Northern South America and the document produced

by the French Agency for Marine Protected Areas

(AAMP) and summary of the 1 s t workshop held in

Martinique, November 2011, and its conclusions -

Marion BRICHET

A first workshop has been held in Martinique, November 2011 during the second international conference on marine mammal protected areas.

Marion Brichet was the coordinator (Agence des aires marines protégées, France) and François Gauthiez (Agence des aires marines protégées, France) and Hélène Souan (SPAW Regional Activity Centre, Guadeloupe) were Co-Chair.

19 participants were present:

• Monique Pool, Green Heritage Fund Suriname - Suriname

• Nicolas Maslach, Pierre Watremez, Carole Martinez, AAMP - France

• Vincent Ridoux, Olivier Van-Canneyt, Sophie Laran, University of La Rochelle - France

• Lenin Enrique Oviedo Correa, Cetacean Ecology Lab The Swire Institute of Marine Science (The University of Hong Kong) - Venezuela

Mamacocosea Project

• Marcela Portocarrero-Aya, University of Hull (UK) and Fundación Omacha- Colombia

• Catalina Gomez-Salazar, Dalhousie University (Canada) and Fundación Omacha – Colombia

• Marc-Henri Duffaud, Environmental Regional Direction – French Guiana

• Virginie Dosreis, KWATANGO, French Guiana

• Gaëlle Vandersarren, Gaël Hubert, SPAW-RAC

• Romain Renoux, Saint Martin marine reserve – Saint Martin

• Lesley Sutty, ECCEA - Martinique

• Fernando Trujillo, Foundation Omacha – Colombia

• John Reynolds, Mote Marine Laboratory - USA

• Denis Ody, WWF – France

• Miriam Marmontel, Instituto Mamiraua – Brazil

Summary of Discussion

Following the aerial survey conducted in French Guiana, there has been great interest in marine mammal populations from other countries in the region. Details of the methods were explained including species identification, especially of Sotalia. Some recommendations to organize networks were suggested. Venezuela’s representative welcomed this cooperation project and the network idea. First, it is necessary to define conservation areas and study them, second the different methods of protection for land and marine zones need to be considered and, third, every stakeholder has to be involved. The project should take into account all threats as well as the issues of oil spills, shipping accidents as well as chronic land-(run-off) or marine-based pollution and fisheries interaction.

Several studies on Sotalia species are being conducted and Suriname is working on the species with Brazilian and Costa Rican scientists. In Venezuela (northeastern coast), an important work is ongoing on a coastal population of Sotalia sp., where evidences suggested that they have a very small localized home range. In French Guiana as well, NGOs are working with Brazilian specialists especially on manatees. These studies are testing acoustic survey methods because the turbid waters prevent visual observation. Human capacity is oftena limiting factor for the development of these programmes.

French Guiana research on marine issues gives an indication of the overall situation. However,more monitoring and surveys are needed with different priorities to learn about by-catch, fine-scale species distribution, and other matters. It would be valuable to exchange data between countries to understand the current situation and data gaps.

A debate was engaged on research priorities. Some propositions were considered as well as the standardization of data collection or similar approaches for different areas (for example, aerial surveys). A common issue in several countries in this project is the lack of marine biologists.

Concerning species, Sotalia is the priority species in the area. Various marine protected areas exist but, as reported by each country, none have been created for marine mammal conservation. For example, in Venezuela only recently cetaceans have had critical habitats

Mamacocosea Project

identified with the purpose of exploring conservation strategies: the common dolphin and otherdelphinids in the central coast of the country.

All participants agreed it was essential to work with local stakeholders such as fishermen.

Marine mammals have been suggested as ecological indicators and can be useful to transmit scientific information to stakeholders. For example, dolphin density can be combined with a human stress index.

To build this regional project, various suggestions have been made by participants, who were also conscious of the numerous and complex political and environmental aspects. Much information is needed. Several countries have marine protected areas (although generally not created on the basis of marine wildlife data), but there are gaps in management and funding. Itcould be valuable to develop an action plan and in this perspective a trigger is needed to launch the process.

Key Recommendations

To initiate cooperation on marine mammals in the northern Latin America region, we should concentrate first on obtaining and disseminating knowledge. All species in the region should be considered, but a special attention should be afforded to Sotalia dolphins.

In the short term, we intend to: • Update and complete the ICoMMPA2 Workshop 5 background paper • Organize a new workshop to be held in Paramaribo, Suriname, to:

1. establish the state of the art on knowledge of marine mammals (species and critical habitats), threats and current legal management framework country by country. In some cases, assistance for data analysis will be needed. 2. set up an action plan (including inter alia capacity building through training courses, regional survey, stranding network).

In the longer term, we recommend to: • Take the opportunity of existing regional projects and foresee the way to develop synergies (example: Rios de America project) • Consider joining the Amazon cooperation treaty organization and the Guiana shield facility • Develop a strategy for fundraising• Involve RAC-SPAW and the following countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad & Tobago and ABC Dutch Caribbean islands in our organization.

Questions/commentsIt is mentioned that Brazil and Suriname did not ratify the SPAW protocol.

The SPAW protocol is not the only framework for this project. For now the project area is mostly defined on the basis of its special ecological characteristics and there is no framework encompassing all these countries whose coastal waters are under the influence of the AmazonRiver plume. Obviously the project is working with SPAW-RAC to stay connected with other regional initiative and network in the Caribbean Region.

Potential funding sources for the Mamacocosea project have been mentioned from now (Guiana Shield and SPAW-RAC).

Mamacocosea Project

Presentation by Brazil - Aquatic Mammals of Northern

Brazilian coast, Miriam

MARMONTEL - João C.

GOMES BORGES

Topics covered:

Diversity of Aquatic Mammals in Brazil

Area of influence of Amazon plume

Ocurrence of Aquatic Mammals in NorthernBrazil

Areas of simpatry and hybridization

Research groups in coastal areas

Threat Factors: Habitat degradation, Seismic activities, Oil exploration

Environmental sensitivity

Protected and Priority Areas for Conservation

Mosaic of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas

Questions/commentsAs abundant data are available on Sotalia and manatee, the creation of marine protected areas could be considered at the local scale.

About oil and gas activities, marine mammals observers are also brought up (there are currently implemented MMO program in Brazil).

Mamacocosea Project

Presentation by French Guiana - Hélène DELVAUX -

Marine Biodiversity Programme Officer, Direction of

the Environment, French Guiana and Antoine

HAUSELMANN - GEPOG NGO, Reserve Naturelle des

îles du Grand Connétable

State of knowledge on marine mammals livingin French Guiana waters remains sketchy infront of the diversity revealed by recentstudies. An aerial survey conducted in 2008 inthe framework of the REMMOA program(Census of Marine Mammals and otherpelagic Megafauna by Aerial Sighting),observations within oil explorations and a veryrecent work (2012) on pelagic fauna inventoryattested the presence of 15 species ofcetacean in the exclusive economic zone ofFrench Guiana and highlighted high densitiesof small delphinids on the continental shelfand slope. These studies also confirmed the regular attendance of 2 threatened species, the sperm whale and the fin whale, sighted on the continental slope and oceanic waters. Two coastal species present high conservation stakes in French Guiana: the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), an endemic species to north-eastern Latin America and the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), a cryptic sirenian sighted in most estuaries and rivers of French Guiana but also at some coastal points.

If the level of knowledge on marine mammals in French Guiana is still fragmented, threats and pressures they are facing are well identified: accidental captures through legal and illegal fishing, potential contamination by heavy metal and organic pollutants, acoustic pollution related to oil exploration activities, habitat degradation…

Increase knowledge on marine mammals, from a biological and an ecological point of view, is crucial to better address the threats these species are facing and then develop adapted conservation plans to protect populations.

Pelagic species inventory in ExclusiveEconomic Zone of French Guiana wasorganized in 2011-2012 by GEPOG.Objectives were to improve knowledge on thepelagic fauna of French Guiana EEZ includingthe identification and enumeration of speciesand the determination of the most frequentedareas.

5-day trip in EEZ by catamaram, 5 to 9observers, visual surveys and acoutiscsurvey.

Mamacocosea Project

1,087 Sea birds and 1678 cetaceans were counted. This inventory adds to our knowledge on species diversity and distribution of pelagic fauna -A large number of animals counted, with determination to species level for seabirds and small delphinids. Very densely populated areaswere identified

Questions/commentsManatee IUCN status is endangered.

After the REMMOA survey in French Guiana, the Sotalia population estimate seems to be veryhigh. However, different statistic models have been used these estimates are considered negatively biased, notably because of water turbidity. Moreover, this study revealed the presence of common dolphin, a species for which evidences of presence in the Caribbean are scarce.

Regarding the boat surveys, it has been organized every two months during one year.

There is no information on marine mammals mortality, just a few strandings are observed eachyear (<10 per year; some with evidence of by-catch).

Presentation by Suriname - Monique POOL - Green

Heritage Fund Suriname and Karin BILO - WWF

Guianas

A first workshop about MPAs was organised in Suriname in 2010. GHFS participated to the ICOMMPA-2 conference in 2011 and IWC meeting in Panama in 2012. In 2012, Suriname announced anti-whaling standpoint, participated to the World Ocean Assessment Workshop for the wider Caribbean in Florida. In 2013, Suriname hosts the present workshop of the Mamacocosea project.

Context International � 16 Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) were identified in the Amazon-Orinoco river plume zone.

In Suriname, oil exploration is increasing in the EEZ. GHFS calls for Ocean Observatory in Stakeholder consultations (continues acoustic monitoring of sound levels) and sharing of data from marine mammal observers on seismic vessel and inclusion of data in OBIS-SEAMAP.

Two documents profiled some important data in Suriname.

First data collected, however, not yet processed and reported in the coastal zone, especially the Corantjin, Saramacca, Coppename rivers and trough interviews.

Primary WWF Guianas work on marine turtles.

They are working on marine spatial planning and fisheries and marine turtles. Some surveys have been done on marine mammal’s bycatch but they do not have a monitoring programme of bycatch.. There is a no-take zone in front of Galibi reserve but it is not delimitated with buoys.

About oil activities, all the EEZ Surinamese is shared between exploration permits which is a real problem for turtles and marine mammals.

Mamacocosea Project

Presentation by Guyana -

Michelle Kalamandeen

-Department of Biology,

University of Guyana

and Patrick Chesney

-Guiana Shield Facility,

UNDP

Guyana: 214,970 sq km, approximately 90% ofits population (751,223) resides along thecoastal zone (economic & industrial hub)

•Coastal zone: 430 km long and 26-77 km wide•Excl. Econ. Zone (EEZ): 135,900 km2•Shelf area: 51,978 km2•Inshore Fishing Area (IFA): 22,695 km2

Diversity & status of marine mammal species remains mostly unknown.

Little to no research has been conducted on marine mammals in Guyana

10 Species of Marine Mammals occurring in Guyana’s EEZ.

2 Stranding at Shell Beach Protected Area have been recorded.

Existing Legislation: CITES ; Fisheries Act 2002, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act, 1996 ; SPAW Protocol ; DRAFT Wildlife & Conservation Regulations

Potential Pressures/Threats:

• Lack of knowledge on what exists in EEZ = lack of conservation efforts• Increase petroleum/oil explorations• Bycatch /Accidental captures• Increase infrastructure development• Marine Pollution• Lack of political will• Lack of funding & resources

Questions/commentsInia is reported from one of the Guyana marine protected areas, but confusion with the Guianadolphin is also possible. A management plan is currently in process for this marine protected area.

Presentation by Venezuela - Existing data and

knowledge on marine mammals in the Bolivarian

republic of Venezuela - Jaime BOLAÑOS, Sociedad

Ecológica Venezuela Vida Marina (Sea Vida)

Mamacocosea Project

General framework:

• International conventions: CartagenaConvention, SPAW Signatory, MMAP;CITES; CBD; ICRW. Withdrew in 1990´s.

• Legal regulatory framework: WildlifeProtection Act; Environment Organic Act ;Penal Environmental Act ; NationalStrategy for Biological Diversity and itsAction Plan ; National Congress onBiological Diversity

Current projects and activities (Governmental Institutions):

- Attention to strandings and marine mammal contingencies- National database on strandings- Strandings and Marine Mammal contingencies in Margarita Island- Venezuelan System for Information on Biological Diversity- National Scientific Observers Program for the Venezuelan Caribbean-Atlantic

Current projects and activities (Academic):

- Offshore mapping of Venezuelan Islands Region- Marine Mammal Exhibition- Ecology Lab of La Universidad del Zulia: Stranding response in the State of Zulia and Ecological aspects of the “tonina del lago” or “guiana dolphin” in the Maracaibo System.- INTECMAR-FUNINDES-USB and others

Current projects and activities (NGOs):

- Mares Venezuela (Status of Cetaceans in the State of Miranda, central coast of Venezuela.)- Biotropica-golfo de la ballena amb proyecto delphinus (Identification of critical habitats for cetaceansin central-northeastern waters)- Asociación Civil SIRENA de Venezuela (Current status of manatee in the Gulf of Venezuela.)- Venezuelan coalition for whales and dolphins: Campaign for the re-entering of Venezuela to the International Whaling Commission in support of the Buenos Aires Group.- Provita : Venezuelan Wildlife Red Data Book 2013.- Sea Vida: Population status of dolphin populations in the State of Aragua, Central Venezuela using photo-ID techniques (Stenella frontalis and Tursiops truncatus) ; Supporting Actor, Asoc.Coop. RSIP Ocumare de la Costa de Oro for responsible dolphinwatching activities. A community-based projectfunded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation-Fundacite Aragua.- Sea Vida-CITA with support and endorsement by Educational and Science authorities: Educational Expeditios for the conservation of cetaceans and marine habitats in Ocumare de la Costa de Oro Municipality.- Flasa-Fund. Omacha-sea vida and others : Action Plan for Conservation of SouthAmerican River Dolphins- Dolphin-watching

Questions/commentsRegarding stranding network, the current network is not official because the national network collapsed.

Mamacocosea Project

In Venezuela, studies about Sotalia study are complicated due to a lack of funding.

A lot of NGOs are working on marine mammals, but there is a problem of management between them especially if animals are moving.

It would be interesting to have an international cooperation to compare data from Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela.

Presentation by Trinidad and

Tobago - Dr. Judith Gobin -

Dept. of Life Sciences

University of West Indies,

St Augustine and Dr. Asha

Singh -Institute of Marine

Affairs

Historical Whaling in T&T

- 1826-1865- Intense and shore based- By local planters (elite in society)- 1850-1870 American whaling - Species: almost all humpbacks- Use: Oil, meat and whalebone- Intensity was significant- Ecological effects: total depletion

Dolphin Fisheries in TnT

- Rare, mainly incidental in Italian seines or gill nets - Local fishers- Species: usually Stenella sp. and Tursiops truncatus.- Captured by harpooning nets for their meat- Ecological effects - Fraser’s dolphin (off central coast of Venezuela)- Sightings in Trinidad waters?- Species exceptionally vulnerable to entanglement in driftnets

The Manatee

- The West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, was distributed along the Lesser Antilles and -used by indigenous peoples- Only remaining area in Trinidad is the Nariva Swamp-(Ramsar site)- 1997 survey: at least 18 individuals down from 25–30 in 1991- Unconfirmed reports from other east coast rivers, the Ortoire and North Oropouche River- 1990: 1 caught at the L’Embaranche River in fishing net and killed

Humpback distribution

Mamacocosea Project

17 humpback sightings: north and east of Trinidad and south of Tobago (n = 26 individuals including one calf)

Strandings

Issues that Marine Mammals face in T&T

- Fishers nets (Entanglement)- Pollution (litter, heavy metals etc)- OIL & GAS operations- Noise from large vessels and off-shore platforms and seismic surveying- Vessel strikes because of increased traffic (Trinidad is a major transshipment point in the Caribbean for oil, gas and other goods) - Loss of Habitat

Positive Steps

- Most large energy companies now have marine mammal observers (MMOs) on board- Eg. Repsol: The Teak-Samaan-Poui marine ecosystem mapping study.- http://www.ipieca.org/topic/biodiversity/repsol-marine-ecosystem-mapping-study - Collecting data on marine life in/around their platform at sea.- Includes marine mammals- MPhil student- inventory and studies on cetacean by-catch

Governance Mechanisms

International Regulations: CITES, RAMSAR, SPAW Protocol, CBD

National Legislation: Conservation of Wildlife Act of Trinidad and Tobago, The Fisheries Act (1916), Conservation of Marine Turtles Regulations, Environmental Management Act’s Environmentally Sensitive Species Rules

Governance Issues

- EMA, Forestry Division and Fisheries Division - NGOs- Penalties - Management - Whales etc - compliance

Recommendations

- Scientific understanding- needs to be improved- Surveys, monitoring/information - Greater co-ordination/synergies amongst agencies- Information on status and human impacts- More public awareness programs- Within present legislation need to focus on marine mammal conservation - Increased collaboration and associated initiatives within the region

Questions/comments

Mamacocosea Project

A huge strandings have been observed some years ago. Due to problems of communication, itwas very hard to identify causes of death (sonar, navy ...).

No sighting/stranding of Sotalia has been reported.

Dolphin watching is not yet developed as an economic activity.

Presentation by Aruba - Aruba Anjiolina

Questions/comments

Presentation by Colombia - Aquatic Mammals in

Colombia: an update

for 2005-2012 -

Fernando Trujillo

41 species: 32 cetaceans, 2 sirenians, 2otters, 5 pinnipeds, one of them alreadyextinct (Monachus tropicalis)

• Caribbean, Pacific, Amazon, Orinoco

• 12 under threat

• Main threats: pollution, degradation ofhabitats, negative interactions with fisheries, deliberate killing, oil exploration

Main progress 2005-2012

• Join efforts in the region: Abundance estimations: river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis, Sotalia

fluviatilis), humbback whales (Megaptera novaengliae), Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis)• Genetics and phylography• Conservation management (river dolphins, giant otters, manatees) • Whale and dolphin watching

South American River Dolphin Protect Area Network SARDPAN

Marine Observer program

We collect information on presence and distribution of cetaceans, marine turtles and birds, occasionally data on sharks and other fish species.

The main platforms correspond to Navy cruisers, seismic ships and fishery fleets.

So far we accumulated 794 days of work on board of different types of vessels (2008-2012).

Oil exploration in the Colombian Caribbean

•Join efforts with Environment Ministry to elaborate marine seismic regulation and other types of offshore activities.•Training of marine observers and consolidation of the data base with EM, NOAA and fishery authority (AUNAP)

Mamacocosea Project

•Evaluation of compensation measures in marine ecosystems•Workshop on seismic impacts for oil companies•Requirement of acoustic equipment on seismic vessels (PAMM)

Cetaceans sightings in the Caribbean

New stranding records

Genetics

From the sea to the rivers: species divergence and evolution of riverine and coastal Sotalia dolphins

Conservation initiatives with aquatic mammals:

The economic value of dolphins, Manatee conservation programAction Plan for the manatees in Colombia (1995)

Project steps:

1. Environmental education and socialization of the project with local communities2. Evaluation of ponds where manatees were captive3. Capture of manatees and medical evaluation4. Release5. Monitoring7. Strength social work with fishermen8. Evaluation of results

Achievements

•Distribution and routes of manatees well establish•More freshwater habitat use than marine habitat•Interaction of released animals with wild manatees•Involvement of local communities•Environmental education program (20 years)•Communication strategy•Governmental funding (10 years)•Communication net work for released manatees

Whale and dolphin watching

• Training and certification of local guides (fishermen, indigenous people, others) • Creation of legislation for whale and dolphin watching in Colombia • Inclusion of other activities related to whale watching (hotels, restaurants, transport)

Main achievements

• More scientific capacity • Government support • Action Plans • Opportunistic research with offshore activities

Mamacocosea Project

• Involvement of companies in conservation • Cooperative research with other countries (genetic, abundance estimation, action plans) • Economic alternatives for local people

Mamacocosea Project

SESSION 5: FIRST BREAKOUT-GROUP ABOUT KNOWLEDGE ON MARINE MAMMALS (DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE)

Identify data gaps on the distribution and abundance of

marine mammals in the Ecoregion of Northern South

America and determine potential data sources,

partners, and research/monitoring programmes to

be developed in collaboration in the future

Miriam MARMONTEL, Fernando TRUJILLO (facilitators)

Knowledge gaps

Brazil GuyanaFrench Guiana

Surinam Trinidad Aruba Venezuela Colombia

S M O S M O S M O S M O S M O S M O S M O S M O

Abundance 1

12,10,13

8, 12, 14,15 1,5

Distribution 10

8, 12, 14,15 1,

population structure Health Species diversity

S : Sotalia

M : Manatee

O : Other species1. Tursiops truncatus ; 2. Inia geoffrensis ; 3. Sotalia fluviatilis ; 4. Orcinus orca ; 5. Delphinus

capensis ; 6. Megaptera novaeangliae ; 7. Balaenoptera edeni ; 8. Steno bredanensis ; 9. Stenella clymene ; 10. Physeter macrocephalus ; 11. Ziphiids ; 12. Stenella longirostris ; 13. Peponocephala electra ; 14. Stenella attenuata ; 15. Pseudorca crassidens

Mamacocosea Project

Research groups

This first overview indicates the number of groups involved in cetaceans research, and it couldbe interesting to show as well the other interested group (as WWF). Otherwise, it is only a closed spreadsheet; it will be completed with additional stakeholders.

TABLEAU 1 : RESEARCH GROUPS NUMBERS BY COUNTRY

Brazil GuyanaFrench Guiana

Suriname Trinidad Aruba Venezuela Colombia


1-3 years

2 (Para, Maranhão)

2 (Para, Maranhão)

2 (Para, Maranhão)

0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1

3-5 years

1(Amapa)

1(Amapa)

1(Amapa)

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1

>5 years

1 (Para)

1 (Para)

1 (Para)

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 1 1 4

S : Sotalia ; M : Manatee ; O : Other species

Knowledge: Priorities by country

Some regional priorities for training needs have been highlighted:

• Abundance• GIS/habitat use• Stranding• Observer program

Brazil GuyanaFrenchGuiana

Suriname Trinidad ArubaVenezuel

a Colombia

Training needs Abundance GIS/habitat use strandings Genetics Photo ID whale watching Telemetry Acoustic sampling Educational approaches

Mamacocosea Project

Health policy making Observer program

Socio economic assesment

Short term 1 year

medium term 2-4 years

long term > 5 yrs

Above more information and explanation from each country to define choice carried out.

Brazil

Abundance

Manatee: Based on interviews with fishermen between 1990 and 1993, information on

abundance is available, for the states of Amapá, Pará and Maranhão (among others in the NEregion) (Luna 2001, Luna et al. 2008).

Distribution

Sotalia: Well known. Present from the Canary Islands (Parnaiba delta, border MA and PI) to Oiapoque (border Brazil-French Guiana). Siciliano et al. 2005, Emin-Lima et al. 2007, Garri et al. 2005, Santos et al 2006, 2007, 2008, Barbosa et al. 2010a, 2010b)

Manatee: Original reports by Domining 1981, 1982. Besides efforts by Luna et al. (2008),

other studies document the occurrence of T. manatus manatus in the Marajó Island (Pará) (Siciliano et al. 2007) and in different localities of the states of Maranhão, Pará and Amapá (Avila-Pires 1989, Alvite 2008, Siciliano et al. 2008, Barbosa et al. 2010, Sousa 2011, Ristau 2012).

Population structure

Sotalia: Studies by Cunha et al 2005, Caballero et al. 2007, 2008, 2010 documented the separation of Sotalia in two species (S. guianensis and S. fluviatilis); a recent MSc study (Corrêa 2010).examined 29 samples from the State of Rio de Janeiro, 9 from the State of Páraand 41 from the State of Amapá, indicating structuring of the populations from the North versus Rio de Janeiro, with greater diversity in the North.

Health

Sotalia: Moura et al (2012) examined mercury concentrations in tissue of Sotalia from the Amazon continental shelf. Pinto et al. (2011) have described nematodes from Sotalia in the northern coast of Brazil.

Mamacocosea Project

Manatee: Little information available. Work being developed with rescued and captive manatees from the North region, maintained in rehabilitation centers in Pará and North-East region.

Research Groups

FIGURE 1 : LOCATION OF RESEARCH GROUPS (SOURCE : MIRIAM MARMONTEL, 2013)

French Guiana

Abundance:No data are available for manatee abundance in FG but a starting project conducted by a localNGO (Kwata) focusing on population size estimation will end in 2014. There is some data about Sotalia guianensis abundance, collected by the REMMOA Project which gave a first estimate of minimal abundances for the species but also for Tursiops truncatus across the whole EEZ. A project conducted by a local NGO (WWF-Guyane) on Sotalia population status assessment along coasts of Surinam and French Guiana will start in 2013.

DistributionDistribution of manatees is quite well known, thanks to interviews and surveys realized by a local NGO (Kwata) in 2000-2001 and updated in 2010. A telemetry program is also planned for2014-2015, to address habitat use. Global distribution of S. guinanensis has been addressed by a first study realized by a local NGO (Kwata) in 2002, the REMMOA project in 2008 and grey literature. Regarding other species of marine mammals, some data were produced by oil exploration surveys (MMOs) since 2006 onwards, the REMMOA Project, and a local NGO (GEPOG) project (boat-based surveys of marine mammals and seabirds) which allow general patterns of distribution to be defined for the main species.

Population structure:We have some information on manatee population structure from a study which indicates hybridization (from 3 genetics samples) between the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) and Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis). More samples would be analyzed by the end

Mamacocosea Project

of 2013. No data are available on the population structure of S. guianensis or other cetacean species. A stranding network and on-board fishery by-catches sampling are in progress, whichwill give more information on population structure of marine mammal species.

HealthThere is no data available at that time on marine mammals’ health in FG but the future stranding network and the on-board fishery by-catches sampling project would also bring new data on this issue.

Research groupsSeveral local NGO are working in FG on marine mammals: Kwata (scientific research) conducts studies on manatee since 2000, WWF and University of La Rochelle (UMR-PELAGIS) work on Sotalia guianensis, OSL, the Natural Reserve of Grand Connétable Island and the University of La Rochelle (UMR-PELAGIS) work on other species.

Species diversity15 species (see table) have been identified inFG thanks to the REMMOA Project and the localNGO (GEPOG) project (boat-based surveys ofmarine mammals and seabirds).

Training need

Abundance: short terms. Aerial surveys forSotalia population status estimation: observerstraining and distance sampling data analysistraining.

GIS/habitat use: short terms. Analysis ofaerial and boat surveys data.

FIGURE 2 : MAPPING GAPS AND RESEARCH AREAS (SOURCE: HELENE DELVAUX, 2013)

Suriname

GHFS (Monique Pool, Ari Vreedzaam), WWF Guianas (Karin Bilo), Maritime Authority Suriname (Ryan Fung A Loi), Staatsolie (Joan Telgt), Tullow Oil (Marijke de Boer)

Despite the fact that the Green Heritage Fund Suriname has been conducting baseline data collection on Sotalia in the past seven years, there is a backlog with data entry and data analysis and no papers have been published yet. For that reason there are still many gaps, and more focused efforts need to be developed also in a regional context. With regard to Manatees, all research is outdated and no recent data collection has been done, with the exception of some preliminary research by GHFS in late 2012, of which the data still needs to be processed.

Abundance and Distribution

Sotalia: observations and data points are restricted to a specific area within the Suriname River Estuary, and some in the Coppename River Estuary. In addition, anecdotal sightings

Mamacocosea Project

have been recorded for other rivers; however, no dedicated research has been done. Research conducted by GHFS.

Manatee: there is some outdated research on abundance and some current research on

distribution. Research is ongoing.

Other species: use of platform of opportunity/seismic vessel. In addition, there is data fromother surveys (opportunistic sightings).

Population Structure

Sotalia: there is no active research being conducted on this topic.

Manatee: there is no active research being conducted on this topic.

Health

Sotalia: Two local vets have already been trained by a another vet from Lenie't Hart Seal

Centre in the Netherlands, and currently Marine Mammals Ashore Protocols are being used. Two necropsies have been carried out in the past year (2012-2013). Tests are conducted and data about these necropsies is forthcoming.

Training Needs:

Abundance (Short term): Need of more systematic approach to data collection.

GIS/habitat use (mid-term): There are local GIS experts that can provide training to stakeholders. But, there are specific needs in GIS for Marine Mammal Biology.

Strandings: Expertise on strandings exists. However, public awareness on strandings needs to be raised, so that the chance of stranding events being reported will increase.

Photo ID (short-term): Analysis of photo ID.

Research Groups

Mamacocosea Project

FIGURE 3 : RESEARCH GROUP IN SURINAME (SOURCE: MONIQUE POOL, 2013)

TABLEAU 2: TABLEAU 1: RESEARCH GROUPS NAME, ORGANIZATION AND AREAS OF STUDY (SOURCE:

MONIQUE POOL, 2013)

Resea

rch

areas

Name Organization

1 Suriname River Estuary & Commewijne River

Abundance, distribution, health, population structure (Sotalia), Distribution & occurrence (Manatee)

Green Heritage Fund

2 Coppename River Estuary & Confluencewith Saramacca River

Distribution (Sotalia) Green Heritage Fund

3-5 Offshore Distribution, diversity, index ofabundance (cetaceans)

Tullow Oil Suriname, Staatsolie (PhD Study M de Boer)

6 Corantijn River Estuary

Distribution & Occurrence –Manatee

Green Heritage Fund

7 Saramacca River Distribution & Occurrence –Manatee

Green Heritage Fund

8 Commewijne River Distribution & Occurrence –Manatee

Green Heritage Fund

Guyana

Species Diversity, Abundance & Population Structure

Marine Mammals – Sotalia and other species

Mamacocosea Project

Little is known about the species diversity, abundance and distribution of marine mammals in Guyana. Historic and current literature focused on number of species sighted through opportunistic observations, rather than focused research on species diversity, richness and identification (see Smithsonian Institute, 2009). Other studies such as UNEP-CMS (2004) noted potential species occurrence based on sightings and research data from neighbouring countries such as Venezuela and Suriname.

Coastal Mammals – Manatees

Two species of manatees are listed as occurring in Guyana, Trichechus manatus (West IndianManatee), Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian Manatee).

There is no recent information on population status and distribution of manatees in Guyana. In 1963, the manatee population was estimated at several thousands (Bertram and Bertram, 1963) but reduced from former levels due to increase in powerboats, entanglement in fishing nets (Lefebvre et al. 1989) and killings by community members due to fear of drowning of children and adults from overtopping of boats (see Stabroek News, 2008).

During the 1960s – 1970s, manatees have been used as a means of control for aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (Eichlornia crassipes), salvinia (Salvinia auriculata) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) due to their indiscriminating consumption of aquatic vegetation (National Science Research Council of Guyana and National Academy of Sciences 1973). This has led to their introduction in many canals and conservancies in Guyana such as Ruby/Boerasiri Distributary, Wales/ Georgia Distributary, Craig Dist., Black Bush Polder Channels, Three Friends Canal, Torani Canal, and Boerasiri/ East Demerara water conservancies. In 1916, manatees were used for weed clearing in sugar estates and were sighted near sluices by the outflow of drainage channels from plantations in sugar estates of Buxton, Leonora, Uitvulgt and Airy Hall. Manatees have also been reported in the Arapiako, Akawini, Waini, Barima, Sebai and Kiatuna rivers. Bertram and Bertram (1963, 1964, and 1973) have noted that manatees in the ocean are likely to be traveling between rivers. As such in the Northwest Guyana and the border with Suriname (Corentyne River region), they estimated a significant number of manatees (Bertram and Bertram 1963). They are sometimes seen in the Demerara River and occasionally at the river mouth in Georgetown (Bertram and Bertram 1973).

There are no recent data on population status and distribution.

HealthNo research has been conducted on either marine or coastal mammals.

Research Groups WorkingThere are no research groups currently working on coastal and marine mammals. Effort has been mainly concentrated on sea turtles within the last 40 years and is recommended for collaboration for engagement on marine mammals.

Training Needs

Abundance: Due to a lack of data, training is required in species identification, diversity andabundance of marine mammals key species, mensuration methodologies, and links to reference scientists. Baseline is also needed.

GIS/habitat use: Due to a lack of data, training is required in identification of species

habitat and characterization. Will help in establishing baseline information.

Mamacocosea Project

Strandings: Not an immediate need because strandings are rare. However, training would be needed on handling protocols by type of marine mammals and institutional responsibilities depending on mandate.

Genetics: Institutional and human capacity is low; would require an investment in capacity

development at institutional and individual levels.

Photo ID: It is important to gather data. Capacity is required in handling of equipment,

collection techniques, use of software and interpretation of images and data. Development of photo ID specific to Guyana can be done.

Whale/Dolphin watching: Tourism in Guyana revolves around eco-tourism and birding. Whale/dolphin watching is not a priority. An evaluation of feasibility is required.

Telemetry: It is important to gather data. Capacity is required in handling of equipment, useof software and interpretation of images and data.

Acoustic sampling: It is important to gather data giving the increasing FDI in off-shore oil& gas. Capacity is required in handling of equipment, use of software and interpretation of images and data.

Educational approaches: Formal training in academic institutions could help create

awareness, build up a body of knowledge, and develop a critical mass of skills. Training at community level could also help the engagement in potential Citizen Science Initiative.

Health: Not an immediate need because little is known about the occurrence and habits of MM and little institutional and human capacity exists.

Policy Engagement: It is important to enable Guyana to participate meaningfully in the conventions to which it is a signatory and to boost negotiation skills, articulating good public policies for the protection and sustainable use of MM

Observer program: Fisheries are very important to the economy and also, given the increasing FDI in off-shore oil & gas, toolkits for observer programmes will become critical in the medium term. Other capacities are needed first.

Socio economic Assessment: Skilled personnel already exists in country

Trinidad and Tobago

On Sotalia, there is no knowledge due to the lack of research on marine mammals (including Sotalia) there is an immediate need for scientific study at all levels.

Manatee has been reasonably well studied since there is a single population in the Nariva Swamp, a RAMSAR designated site.

Training needsDue to the lack of research on marine mammals (including Sotalia) there is an immediate needfor scientific study at all levels to gather critical at shorter term.

Mamacocosea Project

Abundance: In terms of priority, these are deemed vital, but in the medium term, if we are to ensure sustainability of any programme.

GIS/habitat use: Though potential exists for a niche in whale/dolphin watching, currently this is not priority as a tourism product. However when the baseline and other studies will be completed, this information could be used to devise and market whale/dolphin watching as an attraction.

Aruba

Research GroupsIn Aruba, only one research group is involved in marine mammals biodiversity in Punta Brabo : George Mason University. They are working on Stenella coeruleoalba, S., S.attenuata, S.

longirostris, Steno bredanensis, Tursiops

truncatus, Delphinus capensis, Grampus griseus,

Pseudorca and Orcinus orca.

FIGURE 4 : OPPORUNISTIC AND SCIENTIFIC DATA AVAILABLE IN ARUBA (SOURCE: ANGIOLINA HENRIQUEZ,

2013)

Venezuela

Mamacocosea Project

Most of the studies on marine mammals have focused on cetaceans in specific areas. Recently, several workgroups have been established, mainly in the Maracaibo System, CentralVenezuela, northeastern Venezuela and Orinoco River. There is a program for stranding response coordinated by the Ministry of Environment, but no formal stranding network. Medium-long term studies are being conducted in Maracaibo System, Aragua, Miranda, NuevaEsparta and Orinoco. Additional information has been produced by graduate/undergraduate students as part of their thesis projects.

Population structureNo information is available so far. In the medium term, Sea Vida will work on this topic as part of a photo-ID project being developed.

HealthIn some cases of strandings, samples have been sent to laboratories for analysis.

Species diversitySpecies diversity is well known both for field studies and stranding response. Most of the species so far recorded for the Caribbean Sea have been confirmed in Venezuela.

Research Groups

FIGURE 5 : RESEARCH GROUP IN VENEZUELA (SOURCE: JAIME BOLANOS, 2013)

Mamacocosea Project

1. Laboratorio de Ecología, La Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Prof. Héctor Barrios- Garrido and Biol. Mrs. Daria Pirela. Stranding response and ecology of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia

guianensis.

2. Sea Vida and partners. Bio-ecology and population status of cetaceans, dolphinwatching in the State of Aragua.

3. Lenin Oviedo and partners. Ecology of cetaceans, critical habitats, Delphinus sp. and Sotalia guianensis. Msc. Ms Alimar Molero.

4. Stranding response, Prof. Luis Bermudez, Ministry of Environment. Proyecto Delphinus, Biol. Ms. Maria Alejandra Esteves.

5. Orinoco river basin, Fundación la Salle de Ciencias Naturales and Fundación Omacha. Census of river dolphins, Action Plan for South American river dolphins.

6.7. National database on strandings, Biol. Mr. Clemente Balladares and others. Provita, Cetacean chapter for the Venezuelan Wildlife Red Data Book, to be published online by the end of 2013

Gaps: Mainly in offshore areas because of logistical and budgetary constraints.

Training needsResearch groups/teams in Venezuela count on expertise in topics such as strandings, abundance-distribution, photo-ID and GIS. Our training needs include all of the rest of conservation topics. We also count on experience organizing and conducting training seminar of up to 6-7 days and some of them have been credited by universities (LUZ and UCV).

In the short term, training seminars to be presented with participation of international partners should include:

� Biology and conservation of marine mammals. Since 2001, Sea Vida has conducted four of these seminars, with international participation, in Maracaibo, Maracay and Margarita Island.

� Research methods and techniques for MM conservation and research.

Colombia

Despite the fact there are long-term research in Colombia with Sotalia and manatees, theyrefer only to specific areas of the Caribbean, for this reason the level of knowledge is lowregarding abundance and distribution. In the case of Sotalia there are accounts of presence ofthis species in Uraba Gulf and in the Guajira region. The distribution is very patchy andassociated to the mouth of rivers.

Population structureWe do have some information for Sotalia in the Gulf of Morrosquillo and Cispatá Bay butfocused on group size and not sex ratios. For manatees the level of knowledge is very low.

HealthDuring the last years we have gained more expertise in animal husbandry and healthespecially with manatees and others. We also have a partnership with the Caribbean stranding

Mamacocosea Project

network in Puerto Rico and vets from Florida (USA). In the case of cetaceans, our knowledgeand capacities to attend alive stranding is limited.

Species diversityAfter more than 20 years of opportunistic and dedicated surveys we almost know the cetaceandiversity in the region. However, more efforts need to be done in specific regions of the countrylike the Guajira where during the last two years we are reporting new findings. Also we shouldimprove the knowledge in the San Andres Sea flower Biosphere Reserve. We have noinformation about the abundance of most of these species with the exception of Tursiops

truncatus in Morrosquillo Gulf and Cispatá Bay.

Research GroupsIn the Caribbean region of Colombia, the Omacha Foundation has been working for more than20 years with Sotalia guianensis, Trichechus manatus, Lontra longicaudis and other cetaceanspecies. There are also other groups like BIOMUNICIPIOS working in Uraba Gulf and theJorge Tadeo Lozano University working in Tayrona National Park. These two initiatives arerelatively recent (<3 years) and are not permanent because of lack of funding.

FIGURE 6 : RESARCH GROUPE LOCALISATION IN COLOMBIA (SOURCE: FERNANDO TRUJILLO, 2013)

TABLEAU 3: RESEARCH GROUPS NAME, ORGANIZATION AND AREAS OF STUDY (SOURCE: FERNANADO

TRUJILLO, 2013)

Resea

rch

areas

Name Organization

Mamacocosea Project

1 Morrosquillo Gulf/Cispata Bay

Abundance, distribution, population structure (Sotalia, manatee, Tursiops)

Omacha

2 Uraba Gulf Distribution (Sotalia) Biomunicipios

3 Tayrona National Park

Distribution, abundance (B. edeni, Tursiops)

University Jorge Tadeo Lozano

4 Guajira Distribution (D. capensis, T. truncatus, S. guianensis)

Omacha

5 San Andres Islands Distribution (Stenella, Tursiops)

Omacha/Invemar

Training needsIn order to build capacities, we identify the need for abundance estimation courses in a shortterm, especially to encourage other research groups in the area to undertake this initiative indifferent geographic areas. These courses should focus on survey design, collection of data,statistic analysis and mapping results. Also should cover distance sampling, mark andrecapture and boat, aerial and shore surveys.

At short term, we also need more training for observers as a part of a national initiative. Weshould train more people and standardize the methods and datasheets. Also we think it isimportant to design workshops for policy makers in order to give them the key informationabout species and habitat conservation. This will help to address human and financialresources along the area with regional authorities.

In the medium term, we need to train guides, fishermen and other actors in good dolphinwatching activities.

Mamacocosea Project

SESSION 6: SECOND BREAKOUT-GROUP ABOUT THREATS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Establish current threats, current legal management

framework (country by country) and identify

common stakes to be addressed jointly as well as

possible priority actions/issues

Hélène DELVAUX, Michelle KALAMAANDEN (facilitators)

Threats/issues common to all countries

1. Oil spills 2. Seismic (airguns)3. Pollution (litters, debris)4. Deliberate killing5. Bycatch 6. Boat traffic/ship strike 7. Habitat degradation8. Coastal development/infrastructure9. Tourism impacts10. Chemical pollution11. Drilling activities 12. Acoustic pollution13. Untreated waste water 14. Overharvesting of fisheries and related resources 15. Natural threats 16. Climate change 17. Lack of political will18. Mercury pollution3

19. Ocean renewable projects4

Brazil Guyana FG Surinam Trinidad Aruba

Venezuela

Colombia


Oil spills 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1Seismic (airguns)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

Pollution (litters, debris)

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

Deliberate killing

3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2

Bycatch 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 2 2Boat 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

3 Mercury Pollution only for Suriname and French Guiana4 Ocean renewable projects for Aruba

Mamacocosea Project

traffic/ship strike Habitat degradation

1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2

Coastal development/infrastructure

2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2

Tourism impacts

2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

Chemical pollution

1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3

Drilling activities

3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 2

Acoustic pollution

2 2 1 1 2 2

Untreated waste water Overharvesting of fisheries and related resources Natural threats Climate change Lack of political willMercury pollutionOcean renewable projects

All these threats need to be defined and to be rationalized to explain why we are looking at these specific threats. And Anjiolina and Joan have proposed to do the job!

Need explanation by country

Current legal management framework

International regulation

Brazil Guyana FG Surinam T&T ArubaVenezuela

Colombia

CITES 1975 by ratification

1977 by accession

1998 by approval

1980 by accession

1984 by accession

1984 by ratification



CMS / / 1990 / / 1983 / /SPAW RAC (ratified/ acceded

2010 2002 / 1999 1992 1997 1998

Mamacocosea Project

)CBD 1994 by

ratification



1996 byratification

1996 byratification

1994 by acceptance



RAMSAR

1993 / 1986 1985 1993 1980 1988 1998

IWC 1974 / 1948 2004 / 1977 / 2011UNCLOS

1988 1993 1996 1998 1986 1996 / /

IMO 1963 1980 1952 1976 1965 1949 1975 1974UNESCO

1977 by acceptance

1977 by acceptance

1975 by acceptance

1977 by acceptance

2005 BYratification

1982 by acceptance

1990 by acceptance

1993 by acceptance

MOU Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization

1978 1978 1978 1978 1978

....To be completed....

Brazil

InternationalAgreement for Conservation of Flora and Fauna of Amazonian Territories in Brazil and Colombia

National regulationProhibition to Cetacean Culling in Jurisdictional Brazilian Waters (L 7643 of 18Dec1987)

Law of Environmental Crimes (l. 9605 of 12Feb1998) federal and its regulations (decree 3.179 of 21Oct1999

Prohibition to Cetacean Culling in Jurisdictional Brazilian Waters (L 7643 of 18Dec1987) federal

Law of Environmental Crimes (l. 9605 of 12Feb1998) federal - and its regulations (decree 3.179 of 21Oct1999;

Declaration of Brazilian Jurisdictional Waters as Whale and Dolphin Sanctuaries, decree 6.698of 17Dec2008

Wildlife Protection Law (5.197 of 03Jan1967) federal

National Biodiversity Policy: Official National Lists of Threatened species

Red Data Books of Threatened Species

Action Plans for Conservation of Threatened Species

Strategic Groups for Conservation and Management of Threatened Species

Mamacocosea Project

National System of Protected Areas (SNUC) federal law 9.985 of 18Jul2000, state systems of protected areas

Prohibition of pursue, hunting, fishing or capturing small cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians (SUDEPE portaria nbr 11, of 21Feb1986)

Ruling for the prohibition of harassment of cetaceans in Brazilian jurisdictional waters (IBAMA portaria nbr 117, of 26Dec1996)

Rules for maintenance, management and use of aquatic mammals of the Brazilian wildlife or exotic wildlife in captivity (MMA portaria nbr 98 of 14Apr2000)

Regulation for procedures of maintenance and management of aquatic mammals in captivity (IN 3, of 08Feb2002)

Establishment of Brazilian Stranding Network (REMAB) (ICMBio portaria nbr 43 of 29Jun2011), which includes the Northern Stranding Network (REMANOR)

French Guiana


Suriname


Guyana

National regulationFisheries Act 2002: Refers to marine mammals as bycatch

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act, 1996: General protection of wildlife

DRAFT Wildlife & Conservation Regulations: General protection of wildlife

Trinidad and Tobago

National regulationConservation of Wildlife Act of Trinidad and Tobago

The Fisheries Act (1916)

Conservation of Marine Turtles Regulations

Environmental Management Act’s Environmentally Sensitive Species Rules

Aruba

InternationalGlobal Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA).

Mamacocosea Project

National regulationCurrently: Marine Environment legislation AB 1980 NO18, AB1987NO52, AB1988NO52.

Nature Protection legislation 1995

Venezuela

National regulationNational Coastal development plan being developed by the Ministry of Environment

Wildlife Protection Act

Environment Organic Act

Penal Environmental Act

National Strategy for Biological Diversity and its Action Plan

National Congress on Biological Diversity

Colombia

National regulationFisheries Act

Environmental management act, 2001 (sensitive species are rules)

Actions plans

Brazil

Guyana

FGSurinam Trinidad Aruba

Venezuela

Colombia

National

/ / / / National biodiversity action plan, ICZM(IN PROGRESS) / /

Action plan for aquatic mammals

Regional

/ / / /Caribbean fisheries action plan, CLME / /

South American River Dolphin Action Plan

Mamacocosea Project

SESSION 7

Formulation of an action plan (including inter alia

capacity building through training courses, regional

surveys, stranding network).

Patrick CHESNEY - Ryan FUNG A LOI

1. Diagnosis

Thanks to the first overview by countries concerning:- data gaps on the distribution and abundance of marine mammals,- research groups involved on marine mammals studies and Current projects, activities and monitoring programmes currently ongoing,- current threats, - current legal management framework,Many common stakes and priorities actions and issues have been proposed by participants.Cf. session 3, 5 et 6

2. Cooperation framework

2.1. Constitute a network/interface and have a consortium of all

organization – (Steering Committee)One representative/focal point by country (implement a consortium):

• Brazil: Miriam Marmontel, Instituto Mamiraua

• French Guiana: Helene Delvaux, DEAL

• Suriname: Monique Pool, GHF Surinam

• Guyana: Michelle Kalamandeen, University of Guyana

• Trinidad and Tobago: Judith Gobin, University of WI W

• Venezuela: Jaime Bolanos, Sea Vida

• Colombia: Fernando Trujillo, Omacha Foundation

• Aruba: Angiolina Henriquez, AMMF

• + SPAW-RAC

Impacts indicators could be set up to follow the network (nb of involved people, nb of new

projects, nb of common publications, etc.)

3. Priority actions

3.1. Start with priority actions and opportunities for collaboration

at the regional scale … to be completed…

Commonness/Collaborations Priority

Development of tools (website/mailing list/bibliography/mapbase/using social media) 1

Mamacocosea Project

Development of regional stranding network and database (including sharing of genetic material), immediate benefits are more about networking and long term benefits are more scientific exchange

1

National Workshops for policy makers lead by a regional reflection on developing guidelines for corporate social responsibility and seismic surveys with recommendations at the Regional level at short term

1

Regional Workshop on developing guidelines for oil and gas exploration the entireprocess at long term (guideline for the all region to force companies to follow them)

2

Recommendations for Marine Issues to be included at Periodic Congress of the Guiana Shield

2

Regional aerial surveys 2 Ocean observatory 2 Mamacocosea Award for best marine progress (e.g. dolphin/whale-watching, marine progress)(like Caribbean Tourism Award to promote sustainable action and others sustainable activities (research, conservation activities with a steering committee )

2

Observer programs on bycatch 2 Developing model regulations that is adaptable by countryPurpose: inventory all texts/instruments existing about marine mammals and offerguidelines to countries to help them to formulate regulations and legislations

3

Proposed

action Objective

Geographi

c location Participant Budget Priority

1 Funding Write proposal Regional Patrick Chesney(Coord)

GEF VI 1

2 Development of Tools

Sharing/networking Regional SPAW-RAC SPAW-RAC 1

3 Workshop for policy makers

National 1

4 Workshop on CSR Guidelines

Regional Miriam Marmontel, Asha Singh andJoan Telgt

TBD 1

5 Stranding network

Regional Claire Pusineri,Miriam Marmontel

1

7 GS Congress 2

8 Aerial surveys Regional Adrian Levrel, Vincent Ridoux, Joao Borges

2

9 MaMa CoCo Sea Award

Regional Michelle Kalamandeen, Fernando Trujillo and

2

Mamacocosea Project

Monique Pool

11 Ocean Observatory

Regional 2

10 Model framework & guidelines for regulations

express concerns/Develop

Regional Ryan Fung A. Loi, Fernando Trujillo, Asha Singh, Joan Telgt and Jaime Bolaños

3

3.2. Implement an action Plan for a regional cooperation on

marine mammals conservation �� need to broad to make

sure to have an efficient tool Sotalia and manatee as key species and work about all species, but Sotalia is a starting point to begin this action plan because it is there we have more information and research available.

Sotalia could be the emblematic specie/flagship

Examples of topics* outlines :

Scientific research and conservation

Legislation and policy

Communications

Administration and institutional strengthening

Education and community participation

* Topics come from The Action Plan for South American River Dolphins 2010 – 2020

Propose

d

actions

Priority Major outputs expected

Participating Countries

BRGy FG Sur TT ABC

VE CO

Scientific bases of conservation

1 Distribution and abundance estimation

1

1 Mortality and bycatch

1 Population structure

2 Habitat quality

1* Health

2 Genetics of the species

Legal bases of conservation

1* Legislation and policy about dolphin watching

1 for sotalieneed regulation for watching

2

Mamacocosea Project

dolphins activities

1 Administration and institutional strengtheningWays to work together at regional level with fisheries and environment minister, need tocreate some specific policy between different ministerBuild capacities for NGO’s or university, some recommendationhow to do better cooperation research and initiativeInform the Government other org. On MM

Information and communication

1 General public

2 Education and community participation Awareness, community participation (fishermen)

A group have been offered to write this regional action Plan: Claire PUSINERI, Adrian LEVREL, Fernando TRUJILLO, Jaime BOLANOS and Monique POOL.

Mamacocosea Project

WORKSHOP OUTPUTS RESUME

Mamacocosea Project

PARTICIPANTS LISTNAME COUNTRY INSTITUTION E-MAILAngiolina HENRIQUEZ

Aruba Aruba marine mammal foundation

[email protected]

João Carlos GOMES BORGES

Brazil Fundação MamíferosAquáticos

[email protected]

Miriam MARMONTEL

Brazil Instituto Mamiraua [email protected]

Susana CABALLERO

Colombia Universidad de los Andes

[email protected]

Fernando TRUJILLO

Colombia Foundation Omacha [email protected]

Marion BRICHET France AAMP [email protected] RIDOUX France CRMM, Université La

[email protected]

Adrian LEVREL French Guiana

WWF Guyane Française

[email protected]

Hélène DELVAUX

French Guiana

DEAL Guyane [email protected]

Antoine HAUSELMANN

French Guiana

GEPOG, RN des îlesdu Grand Connétable

[email protected]

Claire PUSINERI French Guiana

[email protected]

Gael HUBERT Guadeloupe CAR-SPAW [email protected]

Michelle KALAMANDEEN

Guyana University of Guyana,Department of Biology

[email protected]

Patrick CHESNEY

Guyana Guiana Shield Facility, UNDP

[email protected]

Monique POOL Suriname Green Heritage FundSuriname

[email protected]

Karin BILO Suriname WWF Guianas, Suriname office

[email protected]

Marijke DE BOER

Suriname Tullow Oil [email protected]

Ryan FUNG A LOI

Suriname University of Suriname, Maritime Authority of Suriname

[email protected]

Soekirman MOELJOREDJO

Suriname Suriname University of Suriname

[email protected]

Ellen NAARENDORP

Suriname Environmental Advisor President of Suriname

[email protected]

Joan TELGT Suriname Staatsolie, HSEQ division

[email protected]

Judith GOBIN Trinidad and Tobago

Department of Life Sciences, University of West Indies

[email protected]

Asha SINGH Trinidad and Institute of marine [email protected]

Mamacocosea Project

Tobago affairsTundy AGARDY United

StatesMARE [email protected]

Jaime BOLANOS Venezuela MM expert [email protected]

Mamacocosea Project

BIBLIOGRAPHY(Bibliography from Brazil has not been yet)

Acevedo, R., Oviedo, L. & Silva, N. (2007). Identificación de áreas prioritarias para la conservación de cetáceos misticetos en los alrededores de la Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 167: 73-88

Agudo, A.I. (1995). Sobre la occurencía de la ballena barbada Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus) 1758 (Cetacea: Mysticeti: Balaenopteridae) en Venezuela. Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., Vol. 4, No. (1-3) Art 2: 07-10

Association Kwata (2012). Les lamantins en Guyane : Distribution et tests de méthodes d’inventaires. Association Kwata

Barrios-Garrido, H., Espinoza, N., Wildermann, N. & Montiel-Villalobos, M.G. (2009). Primer registro de la ballena cabeza de melón (Peponocephala electra) en la costa del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Boletín Del Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas, Vol. 43, No. 3: 397–404

Barrios, H.A. & León, T.C. (2000). Primer registro del delfín listado Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) en el Golfo de Venezuela. Publicaciones ocasionales del Museo de Biología de La Universidad de Zulia, No. 9

Bermudez, L., Van Bressem, M.-F., Reyes-Jaimes, O., Sayegh, A.J. & Paniz-Mondolfi, A.E. (2009). Lobomycosis in man and lobomycosislike disease in bottlenose dolphin, Venezuela. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 15, No. 8

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Bermúdez-Villapol, L.A., Sayegh, A.J., Esteves, M.A., Rangel, M.A., Rosso, C. & Vera, N.I. (2006). Notes on the pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata Gray, 1874 (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Venezuela, southeastern Caribbean. LAJAM 5(2): 135-139

Bermúdez Villapol, L.A., Sayegh, A. & León, T. (2008). Notes on the confirmation of the Dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima Owen, 1866 (Cetacea: Kogiidae) on Venezuelan coasts. Revista Científica UDO Agrícola 8 (1): 154-162

Bermúdez-Villapol, L., Sayegh, A. & Molero, A. (2004). Primeros registros de especies de cetáceos en la cuenca nororiente de Venezuela. XI Reunión de Trabajo de Especialistasen Mamíferos Marinos de América del Sur, Ecuador

Bermúdez Villapol, L.A., Sayegh, A.J. & Rangel, M.S. (2008). Notes on the presence of Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812 (Cetacea: Delphinidae) en aguas de Venezuelan. Revista Científica UDO Agrícola 8 (1): 163-170

Mamacocosea Project

Bermúdez-Villapol, L.A., Sayegh, A.J. & Van Bressem, M.-F. (2009). Lobomycosis-like diseasein a Tursiops truncatus from Venezuela. Emerg Infect Dis. 15(8): 1301-1303

Bertram, G.C.L. & Ricardo Bertram, C.K. (1962). Manatees of Guiana. Nature, 196: 1329

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Boher, S., Bolaños, J. & Cova, L.J. (1995). Sobre un avistamiento de delfin estuarino o bufete (Sotalia fluviatilis) en el Orinoco medio. Acta Científica Venezolana, Vol. 46, SuplementoNo. 1

Bolaños, J. (1998). Registro de avistamientos de delfines de agua dulce de Venezuela, subproyecto región Zulia, 1995-1998. Serie Informes Técnicos, MARN, Oficina Nacional de Diversidad Biológica-Dirección General de Fauna

Bolaños, J. (2008). Los delfines manchados de la costa de Aragua. Red de Divulgadores Científicos, Año 2008, Edición 01: 3-4

Bolaños, J., Blumenthal, J., Bogomolni, A., Casas, J., Henriquez, A., Luxemburgo, J., Iñiguez, M., Minucia, A., Renato, R. & Rodriguez, G. (2012). Estudio de la zoogeografía, morfología, dieta y comportamiento de la orca (Orcinus orca) en el Mar Caribe: Un proyecto cooperativo internacional que nacío en Venezuela y Aruba. IIII Congreso Venezolano de Diversidad Biológica: Desmercantalización de la Naturaleza Para la Conservación de la Vida, Esto Cojedes, Venezuela: 79

Bolaños, J., Castro, G., Herrera, O., Oviedo, L., Sifontes, L., Silva, M. & Villarroel, A. (2012). Nuevos registros del delfín común (Delphinus sp.) en la costa de los Estados Aragua y Miranda. III Congreso Venezolano de Diversidad Biológica: Desmercantalización de la Naturaleza Para la Conservación de la Vida, Esto Cojedes, Venezuela: 80

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Bolaños J., J. (1995). Morfometria y taxonomia de los delfines de rostro largo de las costas de Venezuela (Cetacea: Delphinidae). Universidad Simon Bolivar

Bolaños J., J. (1998). Registro de avistamientos de delfines de agua dulce de Venezuela, subproyecto Región Zulia, 1995-1998. Serie Informes Técnicos, Oficina Nacional de Diversidad Biológica, Dirección General de Fauna

Bolaños-Jiménez, J. (2006). An inventory of national capabilities for conservation and researchon small cetaceans in Venezuela: recent and current research projects. SM/WP/7

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Mamacocosea Project

Bolaños-Jiménez, J., Bermúdez -Villapol, L., Sayegh, A. & Solé, G. (2006). current status of small cetaceans in Venezuela. IWC SC/58/SM9

Bolaños-Jiménez, J., Bogomolni, A., Casas, J., Henriquez, A., Luksenburg, J., Rinaldi, R., Rodriguez-Ferrer, G. & Ward, N. (2011). Sobre la presencia de la orca (Orcinus Orca) enVenezuela y el Mar Caribe: Registros historicos, capturas y avistamientos recientes. IX Congreso Venezolano de Ecología: La Conciencia Ecológica Parte del Conocimiento, Venezuela: 536

Bolaños-Jiménez, J. & Campo, M. (1998). Aspects of the ecology and behavior of coastal cetacean populations of the State of Aragua, central coast of Venezuela. In: Abstracts Book, The World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Monaco

Bolaños J., J., Campo Z., M.A. & Gonzáles-Fernández, M.E. (1998). Determinación del estadoactual de los cetáceos de las costas del estado Aragua: Resultados de la etapa I. MARN, Servicio Autónomo PROFAUNA, Dirección de Manejo de Fauna Acuática

Bolaños-Jiménez, J., Fertl, D. & Iñíguez, M. (2009). Killer whale (Orcinus orca) occurrence in venezuelan waters, 1982-2008. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm. 7(1-2): 75-79

Bolaños J., J. & Hernández, O. (1995). Actividades de investigación sobre la presunta caceria ilegal de toninas (Inia geoffrensis) y delfines del rio (Sotalia fluviatilis) en el Rio Orinoco. MARN, Servicio Autonomo PROFAUNA

Bolaños-Jiménez, J. & Rojas-Bracho, L. (2005). A review of fisheries bycatch of marine mammals in the Wider Caribbean Region. UNEP, Regional Workshop of Experts on the Development of the Marine Mammal Action Plan for the Wider Caribbean Region, Bridgetown, Barbados

Bolaños-Jiménez1, J., Villarroel-Marín, A.J., Oviedo, L. (2009). Preliminary assessment of the abundance of Atlantic spotted (Stenella frontalis) and common bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins in the State of Aragua, Venezuela, on the basis of photo-id techniques (winter 2009). IWC SC/61/SM32

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