Mammals

Cats, whales, moles, bats, horse, people, platypus, kangaroos

Mammals produce milk and nurse their young

Many have scent glands that are used for marking territories or defense

Specialized teeth which are replaced only once in a lifetime

carnivores

Herbivoresomnivores

Most have sweat glands and sebaceous (fat secreting) glands

Highly developed brain and nervous system

3 middle ear bonesexternal ear flaps called pinnae

Smallest: a bat weighing .05 oz

Pigmy shrew Hognose bat

(aka bumblebee bat)

Largest: BlueWhale

Three subclasses

• Monotremes

• Marsupials

• Placentals

Monotremes:• egg laying mammals

• no nipple to nurse from• leathery egg shells

Name (Monotreme) means “one opening” for a cloaca (urinary and reproductive opening is the same)

left and right side of brain are not connected. Don’t have

actual teeth-grind food with flat plates

Echidna -puggle

Have a 6th sense in their bill: can detect small electrical currents

Marsupials•Offspring born prematurely•Baby crawls to mother’s mammary gland in a •pouch•Finishes gestation at the mother’s teat

•Left and right side of brain are not connected•Epibubic bones are usually present•Right aortic arch is absent and red blood cells lack nuclei•Herbivores

BandicootKoala Wombat

Tasmanian Devil

Live primarily in Australia, Tasmania, and New guinea

In U.S. : opossum

Placentals•entire gestation is inside the mother•embryo is fed from the mothers body

16 Orders- These are a fewChiroptera: Bats

CarnivoreArtiodactyla

RodentiaCetaceans

SireniaProboscidea

PrimatesDermoptera (gliding lemurs)

PerissodactylaInsectivoresEdentates

Chiroptera: Bats• second largest order of mammals•wide variety of teeth – based on diet•examples: fruit bat, vampire bat•only flying mammals

fly at speeds up to 65 km/hr

See by echo location

Carnivore•All eat meat•On top of the food chain•Examples: lions, tiger, bears, wolves, cheetah •Pacific northwest is carnivore territory•learned to adjust to human presence

Artiodactyla•examples: antelope, deer•fast running•all have even number of toes•each toe encased in a horny hoof•all are herbivores

Rodentia•includes beavers, chipmunks, mice, porcupines, squirrel•produce large litters each year•large incisors that continue to grow though out life•largest order of mammals and most successful•most are omnivores

Cetaceans•all must come out of water to breathe•Use echo-location to navigate and communicate•Includes whales, dolphins and porpoises

longest flippers: humpback whale

fastest: bull Orca

Cetaceans con’tsmallest: dolphins and porpoises largest: whales

narwhal has the biggest teeth

sperm whale dives the deepest

heaviest brain: sperm whale

A group of these is called a pod

blowholes identify them

Sirenia•means mermaid-like appearance (inspired by manatess when seen from ships)•examples: manatees and dugong•herbivores•small bones•live entire life in water•endangered

Proboscidea•elephants •extinct: mammoths and mastodons•largest land animals•trunks for spraying water, carrying food, smelling, lifting, •tusks are extra long incisors on upper jaw•large ears

Primates•example: humans, apes, monkeys•all have opposable thumbs•binocular vision with eyes facing forward•usually no more than three offspring per year•visual acuity and color perception

Dermoptera (gliding lemurs)•membrane from neck to fore paws to back feet to tail•don’t fly – they glide from tree to tree•live in trees•diet is fruit and leaves•nocturnal•endangered•also called colugo

Perissodactyla•examples: horse, zebra, rhinoceroses, tapirs•all have an odd number of toes•herbivores•grazing animals•flat teeth•rudiment stomach for digesting cellulose (4 stomaches)

Insectivores•moles and shrews•all eat ONLY insects

Edentates•giant anteaters, armadillos and tree sloths•have NO teeth but still feed on insects