management of hazardous waste

8/2/2019 Management of Hazardous Waste

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GOODAFTERNOON


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SEMINAR ON

MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS

WASTE


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TOPICS COVERED

Introduction

Generators of hazardous wastes

Harmful effects of toxic chemical/wasteson human health

Treatment and disposal methods

Case study: Delhi

Conclusion


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Definition

Hazardous waste mean wastes (solids,

sludges, liquids and contained gases)other than radioactive (and infectious)

wastes which, by reason of their chemicalactivity or toxic, explosive corrosive, orother characteristics, cause danger or

likely will cause danger to health or theenvironment , whether alone or whencoming into contact with other wastes.


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Evolution of hazardous waste

management Its evolution can be divided into four stages

The first stage was the realization ofenvironmental problems,

The next stage was the birth of numerousregulations designed to limit discharges to theenvironment, impose chemical controls andinitiate investigations of past problems.

The third phase emphasizes the development

of waste minimization

Fourth phase is environmental standardization.


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Hazardous waste identification

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Is the waste excluded

from Hazardous

wastes Management &

Handling rules,1989.

Is the wasteliquid?

Is the waste falling

under waste categoryspecified in schedule

under Column-2?

Is the wastegaseous?

The waste is subjected

to control under waterPrevention & control of

Pollution Act, 1974

The waste

is a Non-

Hazardous

Waste?The waste is hazardous

waste & should subject

to the requirements of

hazardous wastesManagement &

handling rules, 1989

Is the waste exceeding

quantities specified in

schedule under

column-3?

No

No


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Generators of Hazardous

Wastes 1. Heavy industries :Chemical manufactures, Printing industry,

Leather products manufacturing, Paper industry

2. Biological waste: infectious, injurious, noninfectious andhazardous.etc

3. Households:Household cleaners, Paint products-solvents, woodpreservatives, turpentine, Pesticides and herbicides-fungicides, mothballs,insect sprays

4. Transporters:

5. Farmers: pesticides, fertilizers, rodenticides 6. Military: asbestos, cleaners, explosives

7. Processes: Natural gas production , Hardening of steeletc


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Harmful effects of toxic chemicals /

wastes on human health

Entry to the human body

a) Inhalation the most common route

b) Ingestion- unusual c) Skin contact more common that is

realized if the material is fat soluble.


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Nature of action

Once in contact with the body the toxic materialsmay have varying effects

Local - irritant to the skin, eye, orrespiratory tract or allergic to the skin or

Respiratory tract. Systematic inherent toxicity, metabolic toxicity

or both

Or Acute short term immediate effect Chronic long term delayed effect


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Effect of certain chemicals on

human health Mercury Irreversible neurological damage

Cadmium- Renal dysfunction when renal cortex cd isaround 200mg/kg; acute respiratory effects at higherdoses

Lead - Neurological effects; gastrointestinal effectsand renal disease

Arsenic Lung and other cancers; skin and mucousmembrane disorders; neurological effects; visualimpairment, etc

Formaldehyde Carcinogenic potential; skin and eyeirritant; respiratory tract irritation.

Dioxins- Potent animal carcinogen


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Treatment and disposal methods

1.Chemical treatment

2. Physical treatment

3. Biological treatment and Thermal

process


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Chemical treatment

a) Solubility

b) Neutralization

c) Precipitation d) Coagulation and flocculation

e) Oxidation and reduction

f) Disinfection g) Ion exchange


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Physical treatment

Screening

Sedimentation

Clarification Centrifugation

Filtration

Evaporation Stripping


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Biological treatment

1. Aerobic: Oxygen molecules are required todecompose organic matter for the energybacteria need to grow and multiply.

2. Anaerobic: In this processes the oxygenthat is combined chemically with other elements,

such as nitrates, carbonates or sulphates.


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Thermal processes

If the waste molecule can be destroyed orreduced to carbon dioxide, water andassociated inorganic substance, the

organics should be rendered harmless

Incineration is the controlled hightemperature oxidation of primarily organic

compounds to produce carbon dioxide andwater.


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Disposal methods

1.Landfill operations: Refuse, trash and garbage arebiodegradable in a sanitary landfill. For this reason, municipallandfills that have accepted only sanitary wastes should not presentsevere long term threats to the human health and the environment.

2. Injection well disposal : Generally, this disposaltechnique has placed the materials in well-confined geologicalformations that are deep below the surface of the earth.

With proper planning, injection well disposal does not present anunreasonable risk to the human health and the environment.


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Case study: Delhi

Fundamental problem of wastegeneration and disposal in Delhi

It has been conclusively found out thatsmall industries have been regularlydumping extremely hazardous waste inand around Delhi


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A comprehensive note on

hazardous waste in Delhi Many agencies have performed the hazardous waste

inventory for the state of Delhi

and their estimates are given below.

59,423 tonnes per year (data obtained from the moef

[Ministry of Environment and Forests] 2000) 60,000 tonnes per year (NPC 1997)

5543 tonnes per year (TRMS [Tata risk managementservices] as quoted in NPC 1997)

24,000 tonnes of CETP (common effluent treatment

plant) waste per year as per

NEERI (national environmental engineering researchinstitute) (NPC 1997)


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Suggested measures

Inventory of present status of hazardous wastegeneration from units located in

conforming areas.

Relocation of polluting industries Since ETP sludge and acid/alkaline slurry form a

major part of the total hazardous waste generated,efforts should be made to minimize waste generation inthese categories

A site for developing a CHWTDF (common hazardouswaste treatment and disposal facility) should,therefore, be identified and developed .


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Conclusions

The rapid industrialization and indiscriminate disposal ofhazardous waste has caused serious damages to publichealth and environment. So hazardous wastes should bemanaged very carefully.

The government agencies should be stringent inimplementing the provisions of acts.

Hazardous waste be treated before final disposal so thatthey are converted to less harmful product.

Recycling, reclamation and waste reduction techniquefor management of hazardous waste be adopted.


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THANK

YOU

management of hazardous waste

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