march 31 – april 2, 2009

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Maximizing SQL Server Performanc e2005/ 2008

Mary Romero Sweeney

Microsoft

March 31 April 2, 2009

Copyright Sammamish Softwa re Servic es 2008 (All rights reserved)

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Copyright Sammamish Softwa re Services 2008 (All rights reserved )

Maximizing SQL Server 2008

Performance

What happens when you upgrade a nd how

to dea l with bottlenec ks and performanceprob lems on mid -range to la rge da tabases.

What you'll lea rn: What a re the rea l benefits and liab ilities with your

SS2005/ 2008 insta lla tion

How do existing job s and pac kages reallytransfer

over The 5 important tec hniques you need to know to get

the best p erformanc e from SS2005/ 2008

What a re the quirks tha t c an hold up la rge queriesand how to troubleshoot them

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Copyright Sammamish Software Services 2008 (All rights reserved)

What s your da tabase supposed to

do?Any d isc ussion on p erformanc e should

address wha t it is your system needs to do OLTP Online Transac tion Proc essing Dynamic data entry highly normalized

DSS Dec ision Support system

Denormalized data usually from a single OLTP Data Warehouse

Pre-aggrega ted da ta for effec tive reporting usua llyfrom multip le OLTPs and other systems

All of the a bove?

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New stuff in SQL Server 2008

Performance Data Collec tionhttp://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/whats-new.aspx
http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/whats-new.aspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/whats-new.aspx

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New Stuff in SS2008

Query Governor


http://blogs.msdn.com/manisblog/archive/2008/11/16/sql-server-2008-resource-governor-part-ii.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/manisblog/archive/2008/11/16/sql-server-2008-resource-governor-part-ii.aspxhttp://blogs.msdn.com/manisblog/archive/2008/11/16/sql-server-2008-resource-governor-part-ii.aspxhttp://blogs.msdn.com/manisblog/archive/2008/11/16/sql-server-2008-resource-governor-part-ii.aspxhttp://blogs.msdn.com/manisblog/archive/2008/11/16/sql-server-2008-resource-governor-part-ii.aspx

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New Stuff in SS2008SSAS Improvements

Major improvements so tha t you should see performanc eimprovements out o f the

Performanc e Hints in the MDX langua ge (simila r to query

hints in rela tiona l language)


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7/51Copyright Sammamish Softwa re Services 2008 (All rights reserved)

SQL Server 2005/ 2008 Performanc eFor SQL Devs

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Setting up a performanc etuning p roc ess

Crea te a baseline

Follow a p roc ess

Determine p ric e vs. Performanc e!

Is the investment of time and $ worth the

gain?Sta y informed ! (see resourc es a t the end

of this p resenta tion)


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Crea te a Performancebaseline

Crea te a performance baseline b y app lic a tion

Measure apps c urrent performanc e(profiler tool); ensure you c ap ture trendsra ther than one time numb ers

Measure workload and da ta c hanges over time

Evalaute both pea k and non-pea k usage sta ts

Compare other c onfigura tions forhardware a nd software

What are your app lic a tions performanc e

goals?Copyright Sammamish Software Services 2008 (All rights reserved)

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Follow a p roc ess

See this little gem fromwww.sqlcat.com:

http://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-

performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspx

http://www.sqlcat.com/http://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://www.sqlcat.com/

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Top SQL Server Performanc e

Killers Poor Ind exing (see my

Ind exing sec tion la ter in thispresentation!)

Inac c ura te Sta tistic s

Exc essive b loc king and

deadlocks Non-setbased op era tions

(usua lly using T-SQL c ursors)

Poor Query Design Poor DB design


Exc essive fragmenta tion

Exec ution p lan issues

Non-reusable

Poor

Freq uent rec omp ila tion TempDB issues

Source : SQL Server 2008 Query Performance Tuning Distilled, Fritchey,Apress 2009

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SS2005/ 20088 Performanc e

Tips for setupSQL Server 2005/ 2008 supports named

instanc es of SQL Server. You c an run up to 16 c onc urrent insta nc es of SQL Server

2005/ 2008 on the same server.

Eac h running insta nc e of SQL Server ta kes up server resourc es.Some resourc es a re sha red by multip le running insta nc es, i.e.,

MSDTC and Searc h servic es, but most a ren t. Bec ause of this,eac h a dd itiona l insta nc e of SQL Server running on the sameserver ha s to fight fo r ava ilab le resourc es, hurting performanc e

For best performance, don't mix p roduc tion da tabases

and development (test or stag ing) da tabases on thesame physic a l server. This not only serves to better separa te the two func tions

(produc tion and development), but prevents deve lopers from

using up server resourc es tha t c ould be bette r used byproduc tion users.

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2008 Query Performanc e ms-

help:/ / MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htm

Troub leshooting SQL Server 2005/ 2008 QueryPerformanc e/ Sc a lab ility Issues flow c ha rt

http://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htmhttp://../ms-help:/MS.VSCC.v90/MS.VSIPCC.v90/MS.SQLSVR.v10.en/s10de_4deptrbl/html/c2eb5f77-2dc1-49b4-bd19-2cdac4c6cae1.htm

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Copyright Sammamish Softwa re Services 2008 (All rights reserved)

SS2005/ 2008 Performanc e

Tips: Dev Use Trunc a te ta b le instead of Delete . Trunc a te is minima lly

logged ; then you must run Upda te Sta tistic s! If you must a llow users to ac c ess to your da ta , e.g. using Exc el or

Ac c ess, instead point them to a rep lic a ted reporting server i.e., aDM or DW, ra ther tha n your OLTP

Use c onsistent c od ing style and format

Instead of SELECT COUNT(*) from A muc h faste r,and more effic ient, way of c ounting rows in a ta b le is to run thefollowing query:

SELECT rowsFROM sysind exesWHERE id = OBJECT_ID('') AND ind id < 2

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Is understand ing indexing

reallya ll tha t important?


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Indexing for performanc eIndexing is a key way

to a ffec t performanceac ross multip le systemtypes Multip le Non-c lustered

indexes on a heap c an bepreferab le to theClustered p rimary key,multiple non-clusteredindexes.

Crea te indexes on joinc olumns to avoid hash

lookups

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How SQL Proc esses queriesA SELECT sta tement is nonp roc edura l; it does

not sta te the exac t steps that the da tabase

server should use to retrieve the requestedda ta . This means tha t the da ta base server mustana lyze the sta tement to d etermine the mosteffic ient way to extrac t the req uested da ta .

This is referred to as optimizingthe SELECTsta tement. The c omponent tha t does this isc a lled the query optimizer.

The inp ut to the op timizer c onsists of the query,the d a tabase sc hema (tab le a nd indexdefinitions), and the da ta base sta tistic s. Theoutp ut of the op timizer is a query exec ution

plan

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Using Exec ution Plans

In SQL Serve r 2008, you c an d isp layexec ution p lans by using thefollowing methods:

SQL Server Management Stud io

Disp lays either an estimated graphic a lexec ution p lan (sta tements do notexec ute) or an ac tual graphic a lexec ution p lan (on exec uted

sta tements), whic h you c an save a ndview in Management Stud io.

Transac t-SQL SET statement options

When you use the Transac t-SQL SETsta tement op tions, you c an prod uceestima ted and ac tual exec ution p lansin XML or text.

SQL Server Profile r event c lasses

Ic on info:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ library/ ms175913.aspx

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SQL Server system stored

procedures

sp_who/ sp_who2 Reports sna pshot information about c urrent SQLServer users and p roc esses, inc lud ing whether the sta tement isblocked.

sp_lock Reports snapshot information about loc ks sp_spaceused Disp lays an estimate of the c urrent a mount o f d isk

spac e used by a tab le (or a whole d a tabase).

sp_monitor Disp lays sta tistic s, inc lud ing CPU usage, I/ O usage, andthe amount of time id le since sp_monitor was last exec uted .

Lea rn about some o f the hundred s of Dynamic Ma nagement

views ava ilab le in SQL Server 2005/2008.

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Query op timizer hints:selec t TesterContextID

, o.Name Opera tion

, elTeste r.Name Teste r, ts.ComputerName

, elGroup .Name TesterGroup

FROM dbo.TesterContext tc

join dbo.Op era tion o with (nolock) on o.Op era tionID = tc .Op era tionIDleft JOIN dbo.TesterSta tion ts with (nolock) on ts.Teste rSta tionID =

tc .TesterSta tionID

join dbo.EquipmentLoc a tion ElTester with (nolock) onElTester.equipmentLoc a tionID = tc .equipmentLoc a tionID

left jo in dbo.EquipmentLoc a tionHierarc hy elh1 with (nolock) onelh1.c hildLoc ationID = elTester.equipmentLoc a tionID

left join dbo.EquipmentLoc a tion ElGroup with (nolock) onElGroup .equipmentLoc ationID = elh1.ParentLoc a tionID

left jo in dbo.EquipmentLoc a tionHierarc hy elh2 with (nolock) onelh2.childLocationID = elGroup.equipmentLocationID

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22/51Co ri ht Samm amish Software Services 2008 All ri hts reserved

Tools: System Monitor

AKA Perfmon(PerformanceMonitor)

You c an view SQLServer ob jec ts,performancec ounters, and thebehavior of otherobjects proc essors,

memory,

cache,

threads, proc esses.

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Tools: Ac tivity Monitor

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Tools: SQL Server Profiler

SQL Server Profiler is a graphica l user interfac e to SQLTrac e for monito ring an insta nc e of the SQL ServerDatabase Eng ine or Ana lysis Servic es. You c an

c apture and save da ta a bout ea c h event to a fileor tab le to ana lyze la ter. For example, you c anmonitor a p roduc tion environment to see whic h

stored proc ed ures a re a ffec ting performance byexec uting too slowly.

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Tools: DETA Database Eng ine Tuning

Advisor ana lyzes theperformance effec ts ofworkloadsrun aga inst

one or more da tabases. A workload is a set o f

Transac t-SQL sta tementstha t exec utes aga instda tabases you wa nt to

tune. DTA p rovides

rec ommend a tions toadd , remove, or mod ify

physic a l designstructures: physic a l c lustered

indexes,

nonc lustered indexes,

indexed views, and partitioning.

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Horizonta l da ta pa rtitioningPartitions enab le o rganiza tions to manage

la rge, growing tab les more effec tively bytransparently b reaking them intoma nageab le b loc ks of da ta.

SQL Server 2008 builds on the adva nc es onpartitioning in SQL Server 2005 by improvingperformance on la rge, pa rtitioned tab les.


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Horizonta l ta b le pa rtitioningHorizonta l pa rtitioning

is a good way to

inc rease da tabaseperformance in la rgetables

Data is partitionedhorizonta lly by range

New to SQL Server2008 and rep lac es theprac tic e of using viewsand unions to pa rtition

Orders

Orders

Orders

< 2004

2004 -- 2008

2008 -- 2006

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Proc ess for pa rtitioning a

table:

1. Crea te a partitioning func tion based on a field suc h

as a da te -- this func tion can be used multip le timesfor d ifferent ta b les

2. Ad d enough filegroups to your DB to

ac c ommodate the # of pa rtitions you want plusone more for the "next" filegroup -- add a file toeac h file group

3. Crea te a partitioning scheme that uses thepartitioning func tion

4. Crea te your tab le using the partitioning sc heme

instead of assigning to a sing le file group .

P i i F i D fi

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< 2004 2004 -- 2008 2008 -- 2006 > 2006

Partition Functions Define

Partition Boundaries Boundary values can be assigned to LEFT or RIGHT

Orders Orders Orders Orders

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION pf_OrderDate (datetime)AS RANGE RIGHT

FOR VALUES ('01/01/2004', '01/01/2004', 01/01/2008')

C i i i i

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Creating a partitioning

Scheme

This is the next filegroup!

Once you have c rea ted the approp ria te numberof Filegroups desired to matc h the # of pa rtitionsyou want -- you will need to c rea te a partitioning sc heme

The partitioning sc heme links the da ta base pa rtitions and thepartitioning func tion that you c rea ted ea rlier

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME ps_OrderDateAS PARTITION pf_OrderDateTO (fg1, fg2, fg3, fg4, fg5)

You will specify the partitioning scheme instead of a filegroup when creating tables

CREATE TABLE dbo.PartitionedTransactions(TransactionID int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,ProductID int NOT NULL,TransactionDate datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT (getdate()),

TransactionType nchar(1) NOT NULL)ON ps_OrderDate(TransactionDate) -- name of new partition scheme

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A proc ess for performanc etroubleshooting


www.sqlcat.com

http://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspx
http://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspxhttp://sqlcat.com/presentations/archive/2008/04/18/troubleshooting-sql-server-2005-2008-performance-and-scalability-flowchart.aspx

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Indexing Basic s

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Ba lanced trees

When you c rea ted a p rimary key you got aba lanc ed tree struc ture for your tab le by

default unless you spec ified non-c lustered (in whic h case you got a hea p)

Root nodeAlba

...

Martin

Alba

Barr

Con

Fung

Fung

Martin

Martin

Ornish

Phua

Rudd

Martin

Smith

...

Smith

Smith

Smith

White

White

Alba

Grey

...

Grey

Hall

Jones

Jones

Jones

Leaf nodes

Non-Leaf (intermediary)nodes

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Co ri ht Samm amish Software Services 2008 All ri hts reserved

Indexes Indexes provide an a lternate way

of ac c essing da ta

A tab le c an have multip le indexesjust like a book.

Think of a gardening book with

p lants organized by commonname, like da isy and pansy, andan index with the sc ientific name

as an a lternate, but quic k, way ofac c essing a spec ific kind of p lant

Reasons to use indexes:

speeds da ta ac c ess,

enforc es uniqueness of rows

Scientificnames

Gardening

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How SQL Server Ac c esses Da ta

Table scan

SQL Server reads all table pages (same as clustered

index scan BTW!)

Best for tables stored in a heap!

Index seek SQL Server uses index pages to find rows

Best for tables stored in a specified arrangement! Note: Indexes can facilitate the speed of some

queries and greatly slow others.

Well see why

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Index Considera tions Pros

Speeds up da ta ac c ess; Enforc esuniqueness of rows

Cons

Consumes d isk spac e; Inc urs overhead

How SQL Server uses indexes:

Determines Whether an Index Exists and Is

UsefulNavigates Through the Index

Evaluates the Search Value Against Each Key

Value and Repeats This Evaluation

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Clustered Indexes

Eac h Tab le Can Have only one Clustered Indexbec ause it rep resents the physic a l storage of the

ta b le Eac h p rimary key gets an index; Clusteredindex is the default when you c rea te a p rimarykey unless you spec ify otherwise

The Physic a l Row Order of the Tab le and theOrder of Rows in the Ind ex Are the Same

Alba...

Martin

AlbaBarrConFungFung

MartinMartinOrnishPhuaRudd

MartinSmith...

SmithSmithSmithWhiteWhite

AlbaGrey...

GreyHallJonesJonesJones

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Non-c lustered Indexes Nonc lustered indexes a re the

SQL Server default when using the Create Index

statement

CREATE INDEX IX_ProductVendor_VendorID ON

Purchasing.Produc tVendor (VendorID);

Existing non-c lustered Ind exes Are Automatic a llyRebuilt When:

An existing c lustered index is d ropped

A c lustered index is c rea ted

The DROP_EXISTING option is used to c hange whic hc olumns define the c lustered index

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What c olumns should I

index? Columns to Index

Primary (gets an index by default) and foreign keys(do not get a n index by default)

Those frequently searc hed in ranges

Those frequently ac c essed in sorted order

Columns Notto Index

Those ra rely referenc ed in q ueries (in the filte r i.e.,where c lause)

Those tha t c onta in few unique va lues e.g . the Sta te c olumn when most c ustomers a re loc a l

Those defined with bit, text, or image da ta types

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Composite IndexesCREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX K_Contact_FullNameON Person.Contact (LastName ASC, FirstName ASC)

CompositeKey

Column 1

Column 2

Person.Contact

Note: yes one column can be involved in multiple indexes!

ContactID

NameStyle Title Firstname M Lastname

1 0 Mr. Gustavo NULL Achong

2 0 Ms. Catherine R. Abel

3 0 Ms. Kim NULL Abercrombie

4 0 Sr. Humberto NULL Acevedo

5 0 Sra. Pilar NULL Ackerman

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Prob lems with upgrades?

For those of you p lanning an upgrade:

Chec k the Upgrade advisor andfollow it in deta il

Chec k forums and white papers(see referenc es on last p age)

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Marys Top 5 Performanc eRec ommend ations for SQL Dev

Use c overing indexes and inc luded c olumnsto improve q uery performance (understandindexing!)

Use the DETA to get ind exing advic e

Understand and utilize query exec ution p lans

Use SQL Server file g roup ing and tab lepartitioning

Set up a Performanc e Baseline and ProcessCopyright Sammamish Softwa re Services 2008 (All rights reserved )

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References

Exc ellent Tec hnet a rtic le:

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpr

actice/dw_perf_top10.mspx Genera l SQL Serve r Performanc e Tuning Tips

Sourc e : SQL Server 2008 QueryPerformanc e Tuning Distilled , Fritc hey,Apress 2009
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpractice/dw_perf_top10.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpractice/dw_perf_top10.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpractice/dw_perf_top10.mspxhttp://../BackupMaterials/SQLPerformanceTips.htmhttp://../BackupMaterials/Top%2010%20SQL%20Server%202005%20Performance%20Issues%20for%20Data%20Warehouse%20and%20Reporting%20Applications.htmhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpractice/dw_perf_top10.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpractice/dw_perf_top10.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/bestpractice/dw_perf_top10.mspx

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Resourc es (in add ition to STP

Con!): SQL Server white papers:

http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/white-papers.aspx

SQL Server performanc e web site :

http://www.sql-server-performance.com/

Website for ena b ling SQL server c ustomers

http://www.sqlcat.com/
http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/white-papers.aspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/white-papers.aspxhttp://www.sql-server-performance.com/http://www.sqlcat.com/http://www.sqlcat.com/http://www.sql-server-performance.com/http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/white-papers.aspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/white-papers.aspx

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Summary

Dev stra teg ies

Set up stra teg ies

Resources

Good luck!

march 31 – april 2, 2009

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