MARINE PRODUCTS FOR HEALTH CARE

College of Food and Dairy Technology, Alamathi P.O., Red Hills (Via),Chennai-52

A.Surendraraj

INDIA’S SHARE IN GLOBAL FISH PRODUCTION 5%In

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Global position (Year 2007) 3rd in Fish Production 2nd in Aquaculture Production

Contribution of Fisheries to GDP - 1.4 % Contribution to Fisheries to Agricultural GDP - 4.7 % Export earnings – 16,500 crores (FY 2011-12) Present fish production - 8.42 million mt (2010-11)

Inland -5.2 million mt Marine -3.2 million mt

Table 1: Principal constituents of fish and beef muscle (in percentage)

Fish fillet Constituent

Minimum Normal variation

Maximum

Beef muscle

Protein 6 16-21 28 20

Lipid 0.1 0.2-25 67 3

Carbohydrates <0.5 1

Ash 0.4 1.2-1.5 10.5 1

Water 28 66-81 96 75

Fish

Marine nutraceutical

Sponges

Seacucumber

Corals

Shellfish

Seaweeds

Edible partsNon Edible parts

Fish Muscle Bones/cartilageHead/fins/skin

LIPIDS- PUFASqualeneVitamin A, D, E

PROTEINSPeptidesAminoacids

Taurine

Collagen/gelatinCalcium/

Chondritin sulphate

Linoleic acid C18: 2 n-6

Arachidonic acid C20 :4 n-6

Docosapentaenoic acid C22: 5n-6

α -Linolenic acid C18:3 n-3

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) C20: 5 n-3

Docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) C22: 6 n-3

Plants/ marine algae

n-6 Fatty acids n-3 Fatty acids

Two Classes of Essential PUFA

Vegetable oils

Conversion is less in humans

Vegetables/nuts

In What way -3 Differ from -6?

EPA

Lipo

xyge

nase

Prostanoids of 3 seriesPGE3PGI3TXA3

Prostanoids of 2 seriesPGE2 PGI2TXA2

Leukotrienes of 4 series

LTB4LTC4LTD4

Leukotrienes of 5 series

LTB5LTC5LTD5

EndotheliumPlatelets

C20: 5n-3

AAC20: 4n-6

Cycloxygenase

LeucocytesPlatelet aggregation & vasoconstriction

Chemoattractive to macrophages

Atherosclerosis & CHD

Less sticky Platelets &

vasodialation

Less chemo-attractive

to macrophagesHealthy heart & vessels

Other beneficial effects of -3Hypolipedemic

Blood cholesterol Triglycerides LDL VLDL HDL Cholesterol

Thus lower the rate of CHD

Prevents variety of cancerPrevents Diabetes

-3 makes 1/3rd of FA in Human Brain & retina

DHA is critical to normal eye & vision development

Accumulation of DHA in brain takes place at the last trimester.

Required for the growth of Dendrites

Increase in memory power

Recommended intakeA person can expect good health if he

or she consumes .5-1g of DHA /day

50-100g of sardine flesh daily

Advisable to eat fish & sea food atleast 3 times a week. Over five times a week is ideal.

liver is chopped

Oil extraction with 2% NaOH

Fractional distillation under vacuum (2 mbar)

High boiling fraction (240-250oC) - squalene

Squalene

AnticancerousAntioxidant

Detoxification of xenobioticsantiaging sterilizing

Prevents heart attack

FISH PROTEIN

Rich in all the EAA(methionine and lysine)

Free Amino Acids

Cell membrane stabilizationAntioxidationDetoxification

OsmoregulationNeuromodulation

Brain & retinal devpt

Taurine

Fish Peptides

Antioxidant PropertiesAngiotensin I-Converting Enzyme

Inhibitory-(Antihypertensive) ActivityAntithrombin property

Collagen/gelatin

Head/fins/skin

Enzymatic digestion (pepsin)Or Alkali treatment

Extraction with neutral Nacl or diluted organic acid

or acid+enzyme

Collagen

Used in medical and pharmaceutical industries as carrier molecules for drugs, proteins and genes.

Repeated extraction with Dilute alkali and acid

Gelatin

Chitosan-gelatin membranes - wound healing

Calcium phosphate & hydroxyapatite

Bones/cartilage

Chondroitin Sulfate

Bone graft material in a range of medical and dental applications Used for the treatment osteoarthritis

Deproteination:4-5M NaOH 65-100°C for 0.5-6h

Demineralization:dilute HCL,1–3 h.

Chitin

Shellfish wastes

Deacetylization:30–60% (w/v) NaOH,80–140°C

Chitosan

Wound healing Bacteriostatic Drug delivery vehicle Dialysis membranesAnticholesterolemicAntigastric agents …………………….

Treatment for osteoarthritis

10 M HCl under vacuum -10 min &heat treatment -140°C for 60 min

Glucosamine

Shellfish Products

CAROTENOIDSAntioxidants

ImmunostimulatingCataract prevention

SeaweedsRedGreenBrown

Agar

LaxativeThickening agent

Alginic acid CarageenanEdible purpose

Prevent ulcersPrevent metal poisoningAnticoagulant Antiviral-influenza protectionCough medicine

coagulant properties-bandagesDetoxifying agent.

Other Marine organismsSponges Seacucumber Corals

Gorgosterol-Anticholesterolemic

Terpenoids-EunicinAntibacterial

HolothurinSupress tumour growth

Prostaglandins-contraceptive or

abortifacient,

Porifera sterolHypocholesterolemic acion