Maritime Vision & Blue Economy

Vijay Sakhuja, PhD

Director

National Maritime Foundation

New Delhi

Vision : “India’s quest for economic prosperity through

oceans is a part of our larger efforts to transform India

and “Sagar”, which means “Ocean” and stands for –

Security And Growth for All in the Region”

Policy: “Blue Economy is an essential part of this pursuit is

the development of India’s coastal and island territories…

Strengthening our marine research, development of eco-

friendly, marine industrial and technology base, and

fisheries are other elements of our goal”

“To me the blue chakra or wheel in India`s national flag

represents the potential of Blue Revolution or the Ocean

Economy. That is how central the Ocean Economy is to

us.”

Prime Minister

Narendra Modi

Environment

Growth

Livelihoods

“We need to make an exhaustive list of

untapped natural resources, the potential of

which we could fully exploit.”

The optimized utilization of natural

resources, such as solar energy, “should be

the way forward for charting out a growth

strategy for India,”

“futuristic planning” to ensure the

development of India's natural and human

resources

Pioneer “innovative, out-of-the-box

thinking” for the nation’s development

India needs transformational,

not incremental change:

PM to NITI-Aayog

Blue Economy

Argued that the focus

should shift from

identifying the problems

to finding solutions.

The Blue Economy:

10 years – 100 innovations – 100 million jobs

Gunter Pauli has a dream. ... Zero emissions and no waste

2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) in

Rio de Janeiro, (also called as ‘Rio +20’)

Advanced the concept of Green Economy for ‘sustainable development and

poverty eradication’

Island states questioned the relevance and applicability of Green Economy

Argued ‘the world’s Oceans and Seas require more in depth attention and

coordinated action’.

UN expert group meeting on Oceans, Seas and Sustainable Development,

the work of the Global Ocean Commission, the Global Partnership for

Oceans and the UN five-year Action Agenda 2012-2016 provided requisite

prominence to the oceans and the seas “Blue Economy Concept Paper”

Definition

Blue Economy

Jobs Energy Sustainability Financial R&D Knowledge

Wealth Food Security Legal Innovation Wellbeing

Blue Economy

is the integration of Water based Economy

including Inland Water Body & Ocean Economy development

with the principles of

social inclusion, environmental sustainability

and

innovative, dynamic business models.

MARITIME COMMUNITY

RESOURCES

STYLE OF GOVERNMENT

GEOGRAPHY

MERCHANT SHIPPING

BASES

FIGHTING INSTRUMENT

SOURCES

ELEMENTS

MARINE TECH

IT BASE

NAVAL TECH

INFOMATICS

SIZE OF NAVY

ARMY AND AIRFORCE IN SUPPORT OF NAVY

NUCLEAR CAPABILITY

STRATEGY

TYPE OF GOVERNMENT

PURPOSE OF NAVY

MARITIME TRADITION

NATIONAL WILL

COASTLINE

COAST/LAND RATIO

SIZE OF EEZ

SIZE OF SEABED

HARBOURS

CHOKE POINTS

SHIPBUILDING

PORTS

MERCHANT SHIPS

SEABORNE TRADE

FISHING INDUSTRY

MNC

OFFSHORE RESOURCES

POPULATION

GEOGRAPHY MILITARY TECHNOLOGY POLITICAL ECONOMIC

INPUT / OUTPUT MODEL OF MARITIME POWER

Sustainable

Development

Goals

Maritime

Power

Environment

Ecology

Jobs

Skill Development

EntrepreneursMSME

Innovation

Business

Model

Finance

Legal

Issues

Ocean Service Estb. Industries Emerging Indus. New Industries Future Growth

Living

Resources

Seafood

Marine

Biotechnology

Fisheries

Aquaculture

Sust. Fisheries

Pharmaceutical,

Chemicals

Blue biotech

Multi-Species

Aquaculture

Food Security

Protein supplement

R&D in health care

& Industry

Non-living

Resources

Minerals

Energy

Fresh Water

Offshore Oil

& Gas

Deep-seabed

Mining

Renewable

Energy

Desalination

Alternative Energy

Freshwater

Commerce

and Trade

Shipping

Port services

Marine tourism

Shipbreaking

Tourism

Coastal

development

Eco Tourism Green Shipping

Eco Tourism

Ocean health Monitoring &

Surveillance

Waste Disposal

Blue Tech &

R&D

Blue carbon

sequestration

Protect Habitat

Remediation

Restoration

Assimilation of

Nutrients, Solid

Waste

Actual value may be

higher because many of

the ecosystem services are

difficult to quantify.

Oceans asset would dwarf

the largest sovereign

wealth funds

Norway : USD 893 bn

Abu Dhabi : USD 773 bn

Saudi Arabia : USD 757 bn

China : USD 653 bn

Activities Value

(USD trillion)

Direct Output 6.9

Trade &

Transport

5.2

Productive

Coastline

7.8

Carbon

Absorption

4.3

Lake Neuchâtel, along the

border between France and

Switzerland, the

Japanese electronics multinational Kyocera

building world’s biggest floating solar farm

on a reservoir in Japan’s Chiba prefecture.

Capacity : electricity for 5,000 households

when completed in 2018.

Solar technology is setting out to sea

Global offshore wind power market

5.5 GW in 2012 to touch 51.2 GW in 2020 CAGR of 32.3%

UK leading the installations

Generated by

Marine Tourism

Industry Globally

Cruise Ships in the Caribbean

Generate 70,000 t of waste

water annually

Revenue going back to local economy

Ecotourism

90% of the big fish gone

10% could go in 40 years

75% stocks exploited /depleted

20 mmt bycatch thrown back

Destructive fishing practices,

Bottom trawling damage reefs

Seamounts take decades or centuries to

recover.

Goa to ban

indiscrimin

ate LED

fishing,

bull

trawling:

CM

Micro-

plastic

found in

digestive

systems of

Tokyo Bay

fish

Global Seafood Consumption

1 Acre of Sea Grass =Absorbs 3350 Kg =

of Carbon /year

Mitigates CO2 =

from a car

traversing 6212 Km

Ecosystem services

worth Rs 11,00,000

Manufacturers

of sensors,

instruments,

and platforms

Building,

deploying,

and operating

observing

systems

Data infrastructure

that manages and

communicates ocean

data

Organizations that

develop and maintain

data management

systems, software tools

and models

Environmenta

l safety and

compliance

technology

companies

Marine robotics

Desalination

Blue Economy

Industry

Blue Biotechnology

Field is yet ill defined and poorly regulated

Risk of unintended extraction of marine species associated with blue biotechnologies

Precautionary principle should be applied to bio-nanotechnology, biomaterials and

the introduction of genetically modified fish, shellfish and microorganisms

Some businesses make money from ecosystem services

Some make money from restoring these ecosystem services which is Remediation

Design, construction, operation & monitor large-scale coastal and marine restoration

Potential for job creation, increasing ecosystem services and support coastal livelihoods

Remediation/Restoration

Blue Economy resonating across the

world

SDG 2030

Actions plans for sustainable

development of resources,

climate change and environment

discourses

Several countries have announced

national initiatives and action plans

to promote Blue Economy.

EU : ‘Blue Growth’ strategy for sustainable development

of marine and maritime sectors to contribute to the

Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive

growth

Multilateral approaches : APEC, EAS, SAARC, IORA

Encouraged, identify and develop cooperative strategies

and actions plans, move towards sustainable development

of marine resources

At the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting

in Beijing, China, the ‘2014 Leaders'

Declaration’ endorsed the ‘Xiamen Declaration’

and identified four priority areas including

Blue Economy and called upon the member

states to build ‘partnership through ocean

cooperation’ and pursue economic growth

through sustainable development, ocean and

coastal conservation, and innovation

Development of Ocean Economy in China

Nearly 40 % of the population, 50 % of cities, 70 % of GDP and 84 % of

FDI and export products are generated within 200 kilometres of coast

State Oceanic Administration : 2011 and 2015, China’s ocean economy

experienced an annual average growth of 8.1 %

2015, China's marine economy was pegged at 6.47 trillion yuan ($989.3

billion), which is 7 % higher than the 2014

Corresponds to about 9.6 percent of the national GDP for 2015.

Marine industry employs an estimated 35.9 million people.

August 2013 - President Xi Jinping : ‘A developed marine economy is

an important part of building maritime power’

March 2016 : 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) - Achieve nearly 100

targets to be accomplished over the five-year period

Maritime sector : Enhance the marine economy, develop the South

China Sea, safeguard China's maritime rights and interests and cope

with any infringement of maritime rights

Maritime infrastructure : develop smart ports, construct more ice-

breaking vessels, transform the ship equipment industry and engage in

deep-sea activities

Development of Ocean Economy in China

“…..develop Blue Economy and build the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road jointly with

various states along the Belt and Road.Ms.Shen Jun

Address at First IORA Ministerial Blue Economy Conference

3 September 2015

Feature Size/No

Coastline 7515 Km

EEZ 2, 013,410 Sq Km

Territorial Waters 45,450 Sq Km

Continental shelf 530,000 Sq Km

Deep sea mining area 75,000 Sq Km

Total Island territories 1197

Navigable Rivers & Canals 14,500 Km

Area of Reservoir 29.26 Lakh Ha.

Area of Tanks and Ponds 24.40 Lakh Ha.

Coastal States / UT 09/02

Coastal District Population 171 million

Coastal Wetlands 43,230 Sq Km

Mangrove Area 6740 Sq Km

Major Estuaries & Lagoons 97/34

Marine Fishing Villages 3288

Fishermen Population 4 million

Tidal range along the coast of India

10-12

8-10

6-8

4-6

2-4

1-2

<1

Tidal Range distribution

per unit length of coastline

Source: Study on Tidal &

Waves Energy in India

Advantages

Free

No Carbon Dioxide

Constant supply

Plant life 75-100 years

0-5 Kw/m

5-10

10-15

15-20

20-25

Wave energy

distribution per unit

length of coastline

Source: Study on Tidal

& Waves Energy in

India

Advantages

Free

No Carbon Dioxide

Constant supply

Plant life 75-100 years

2014 RITES report: it is

nearly 60% cheaper

than road and

nearly 25% cheaper

than railways.

National Waterways Act,

2016.

111 (5) waterways notified

as National Waterway

Total: 20,000 km enabling

the 15 State government

to facilitate development

and commercialization.

To enhance & develop existing

lighthouses & surrounding areas into

Tourism Destination, Maritime

Landmark, and Heritage Precinct.

Develop allied Maritime Infrastructure

like National Maritime Museums &

National Light house Museums.

STATE PROFILE :::::::GOA

State/U.T.

Coastal

length (km)

Landing

Centres

Fishing

Villages

Fishermen

Families

Traditional

Fishermen

Families

BPL

Families

Fisher folk

Population

West Bengal 158 59 188* 76,981 53,532 48,870 380,138

Odisha 480 73 813 114,238 87,541 56,279 605,514

Andhra Pradesh 974 353 555 163,427 161,039 159,101 605,428

Tamil Nadu 1076 407 573 192,697 185,465 127,245 802,912

Puducherry 45 25 40 14,271 14,248 10,998 54,627

Kerala 590 187 222 118,937 116,321 65,459 610,165

Karnataka 300 96 144 30,713 28,533 23,624 167,429

Goa 104 33 39 2,189 2,147 489 10,545

Maharashtra 720 152 456 81,492 74,203 15,509 386,259

Gujarat 1600 121 247 62,231 59,469 15,784 336,181

Daman & Diu 21 5 11 7,374 7,181 333 40,016

Feature Size/No

Land Area 3,702 km2

Navigable Rivers & Canals 253 Km Mandovi, Zuari, Terekhol, Chapora and Betul

Area of Reservoir

Area of Tanks & Ponds

Islands 3 Chorao, Divar, Vashee

Sea : livelihood, employment and contributor to State economy

Marine and ocean studies priority area and significant scientific and

technological advances in this domain have to be been made

R&D labs & institutions for technological advancements ???

National Institute of Ocean Technology : technical services and solutions

for management of ocean resources and environment

MSME / Startups/Incubation Centres

Marine spatial planning

Concept of Marine Hub : Goa

Maritime sector : Important for economic growth of India

Sophisticated strategy to exploit marine resources based on SDGs

Developing a better understanding of Blue Economy

National policy on Blue Economy must be clear

Accounting Blue Economy in National / State GDP

Marine spatial planning

New era of territorial waters

Concluding Thoughts