DF-200: Sandia Decontamination Formulation for Neutralization of CBW Agents and Toxic

Industrial Chemicals

Mark D. Tucker(505)844-7264

mdtucke@sandia.gov

Sandia National Laboratories

Presentation Outline

• Background• Performance Characteristics of DF-200

– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals

– Decontamination of Biological Warfare Agents and Pathogens

• Commercialization• Other Decontamination Activities• Summary

Response to a Domestic CBW IncidentEvent Timeline

Event Timeline

CBWEvent

FirstResponse

FacilityRestoration

Re-OccupyFacilityDetection

Decontamination / Restoration

Fate and TransportModeling

Risk Assessment

Mitigation

The ObjectiveTo develop a rapid, effective, and safe

decontamination technology for the restoration of civilian facilities in the event of

a domestic terrorist attack

The ChallengesRapid Deployment

Rapid Destruction of CBW Agents

Common Formulation for all CBW Agents

Low toxicity and corrosivity

Sandia Decon FoamDevelopment Overview

The ProblemHistorical decon formulations for

CBW agents are highly toxic and/or highly corrosive

Our ResponseSandia has developed an aqueous

formulation with low toxicity and

corrosivity properties for the rapid

destruction of CBW agents

Corrosion Comparisons

Bleach - 24 Hour Exposure

Sandia Decon Foam - 24 Hour Exposure

Deionized Water - 24 Hour Exposure

Steel Coupons

DF-200 FormulationCharacteristics

• Rapid response– quick to deploy– quick to react

• Low logistics support and water demand and minimal run-off of fluids

• Minimal health and collateral damage– low toxicity and corrosivity properties

• Applicable in a variety of scenarios– work has mostly focused on deployment as a foam– formulation can also be deployed as a spray, fog, mist, or cream

• Successful results in a number of laboratory and field tests– RestOps, JSFDS, Dugway Spore Kill Tests

• Successfully used in actual remediation of anthrax contaminated buildings

Sandia Decon FormulationDeployment

Presentation Outline

• Background• Performance Characteristics of DF-200

– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals

– Decontamination of Biological Warfare Agents and Pathogens

• Commercialization• Other Decontamination Activities• Summary

Complete destruction of GD within 1 minute

Complete destruction of VX within 10 minutes

Complete destruction of HD within 30 minutes

DF-200 Performance Neutralization of CW Agents

0

5

10

15

20

25

mg

Unr

eact

ed A

gent

GD VX HD

CW Agent

Decon of CW Agents at Various Contact Times

0 Minutes

! Minute

15 Minutes

60 Minutes

% DecontaminationTIC

1 Minute 15 Minutes 60 Minutes

Malathion (liquid) 89 95 Below Detection

Hydrogen Cyanide (gas) >99 >99 >99

Sodium Cyanide (solid) 93 98 >99

Butyl Isocyanate (liquid) 99 Below Detection Below Detection

Carbon Disulfide (liquid) >99 >99 Below Detection

Phosgene (gas) 98 >99 >99

DF-200 PerformanceResults against TICs

Solution Testing: Malathion, Sodium Cyanide, Butyl Isocyanate, Carbon Disulfide

Headspace Testing: Hydrogen Cyanide, Phosgene

DF-200 Performance Kill of BW Agents in DF-200

Kill of anthrax spores by DF-200

Kill of the plague bacterium by DF-200

Kill of Anthrax SimulantScanning Electron Microscopy

As received DF-100Contact Time: 1 Hour

Destruction of bacterial spores in DF-100

B. globigii Spore Kill - Room TestDF-100 Performance at Dugway Field Tests

Test Parameters• 8’ x 8’ x 8’ office• Bacillus globigii spores• contaminated with a simulated explosion• spores ‘weathered’ for 24 hours and then

sampled• room temperature = 41°F• Sandia formulation deployed as a foam

– Intelagard backpack device– approximately 17liters applied (0.4 L/m2)

• sampling occurred 24 hours after decon

B. globigii Spore Kill - Room TestResults of Dugway Field Tests using DF-100

SURFACE CONTAMINATED(Surface average in CFU/SQ. IN.)

DECONTAMINATED(Surface average in CFU/SQ. IN.)

Floor (painted concrete) 7.67E+07 0.00E+00Floor (tile) 1.31E+07 0.00E+00Floor (carpet) 1.23E+07 0.00E+00Floor (wood) 7.30E+06 0.00E+00Window (glass) 5.32E+04 0.00E+00Painted wall below window 8.16E+04 0.00E+00Left hand wall panels 4.70E+04 0.00E+00Wall (stucco) 2.80E+05 0.00E+00Painted wall above carpet 4.56E+04 0.00E+00Carpeted wall 1.08E+06 0.00E+00Door 3.13E+04 0.00E+00Ceiling 8.49E+02 0.00E+00

Summary of Anthrax IncidentsSandia Foam Use (DF-100)

• Capitol Hill Office Buildings– Sandia formulation (foam) successfully used

in selected areas of Hart, Ford, and Dirksen office buildings

• ABC Building (New York)– Sandia formulation (fog) successfully used

• New York Post Building– Sandia formulation (fog) successfully used

• AMI Building (Florida)– Sandia formulation (liquid bath) successfully

used to decontaminate electronic media

DF-200 PerformanceSummary of Decon Effectiveness

Application Rate: 0.5 L of DF-200 Liquid per square meter of contaminated surface

Challenge Level (CW): 10 g of agent per square meter

Challenge Level (BW): 107 organisms per square centimeter

Agent Contact Time(Minutes) Byproducts

Nerve Agents (G) 1-10 Hydrolysis

Nerve Agents (V) 10-15 Breakage of P-S Bond

Vesicants (HD) 30 Oxidation

Anthrax Spores 15-30 Killed Organisms

Vegetative Bacteria,Viruses 1-15 Killed Organisms

Presentation Outline• Background• Performance Characteristics of DF-200

– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals

– Decontamination of Biological Warfare Agents and Pathogens

• Commercialization• Other Decontamination Activities• Summary

Commercial Partners

Modec, Inc.4725 Oakland Street

Denver, Colorado 80239

Toll-free: (800) 967-7887

Phone: (303) 373-2696Fax: (303) 373-2699

EnviroFoam Technologies, Inc.2903 Wall Triana Hwy

Huntsville, Alabama 35824

Toll-free: (800) 542-4665 Phone: (256) 319-0137

Fax: (256) 461-8136

Envirofoam EasyCAFsTM System

DF-200: Foam Deployment

Hand-held Aspirating Air Foam Generator

Intelagard CAF Backpack

The foam can be deployed through a variety of delivery

systems - both large-scale and small-scale

• As a result of the October 2001 anthrax incidents, the EPA is now clearly identified as the lead agency for remediation

• The EPA has determined that all products used for anthrax remediation must be registered as sterilants

EPA RegistrationDF-200 Status

• Sterilant registration requires completion of AOAC sporicidal tests against Bacillus and Clostridium spores on two different carriers (porcelain cylinder and suture loop)

• Both Envirofoam Technologies and Modec have submitted their products to EPA-approved laboratories for testing

• One company has passed the sporicidal tests while the other company’s tests are still in progress

Sandia Decon Formulation (DF-200)Military Use

The US Military has recently purchased relatively large

quantities of DF-200 for possible use in the War

Against Terrorism

Presentation Outline• Background• Performance Characteristics of DF-200

– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals

– Decontamination of Biological Warfare Agents and Pathogens

• Commercialization• Other Decontamination Activities• Summary

Other Decontamination WorkExpanded Uses for the DF-200 Technology

DF-200 Formulation(Fog / Mist / Spray Applications)

Personnel Decon

(With Licensees)

Restoration DDAP

(With LLNL)

Containment / Mitigation

DF-200

CBW/TIC Decontamination

Presentation Outline• Background• Performance Characteristics of DF-200

– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals

– Decontamination of Biological Warfare Agents and Pathogens

• Commercialization• Other Decontamination Activities• Summary

• DF-100 was successfully used in response to October 2001 anthrax incidents

• DF-200 has been recently purchased by the U.S. Military under an urgent need order for possible use in the War Against Terrorism

• DF-200 is applicable for response to CBW/TIC attacks in domestic scenarios

• Many opportunities exist to utilize the fundamental DF-200 chemistry for new applications

DF-200 TechnologySummary

DF-200 Foam Demonstration for President George W. Bush; July 22, 2002

Contact InformationMark D. Tucker505-844-7264

mdtucke@sandia.gov