markets, technology, developments. - tu …gtc database, 2013 and higman ... houston 2008 . 11...
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H.Tautz, Linde AG, Div. Linde Engineering
D. Korobov, Linde AG, Clean Energy/Innovation Management
82049 Pullach, Germany,
6th International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL Technologies,
19 – 22 May 2014, Radebeul, Germany
Gasification.
Markets, Technology, Developments.
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Contents
Actual market situation and trends
Evaluation of existing gasification technology
Design tools and development facilities at Linde
Trends in technology development
Potential future markets and feedstocks
Summary
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Actual market situation and trends
for gasification downstream processes
Compounded annual
Growth Rate (CAGR)
Methanol: 8,5%1)
Ammonia: 2,7 % 2)
GTL: ? %
Source:
1) http://press.ihs.com,March,11, 2013
2) www.prweb.com, Nov. 21,2013, Syngas
market.
Source:
GTC Database, 2013 and Higman Consulting Gmbh
Gasification Technologies Conference Colorado Springs, 16th October, 2013
2010
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Evaluation of existing gasification technology
Typical production capacities
Commercial gasification plants are
typically linked with large production
capacities and high investment costs
Know How & special design tools and
methods are necessary
for process optimization
mitigation of technical risks
avoidance of overdesign
Chemicals: 0,1- 0,5 Mio. Nm³/h Syngas
GTL: 1- 5 Mio. Nm³/h Syngas
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Evaluation of existing gasification technology
Specific technical challenges for gasification
Insufficient reaction performance
High temperature control
Evaluation of effective reaction zone
Refractory design and installation
Burner design and fabrication
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Evaluation of existing gasification technology
Solid gasification
Fixed/Moving Bed Gasification Fluidized Bed Gasification Entrained Flow Gasification
coal
Syngas,tar
ash
O2,
Steam
500-
600 °C
1400 °C
1000 °Ccoal
Syngas
ash free
ash
O2,
Steam
Fine coal,
Ash recycle
900-
1000 °C
Water
Quench
slag
Syngas
Ash free
Coal, O2,
steam feed
1400-
1600 °C
Fixed/Moving bed Fluidised bed Entrained flow
Temperature (°C) 1000-1400 900-1000 1400-1600
Av. conv. rate (t/m².h) 5 22 (CIT 64, Vol.5,1992) variable
Ash Dry/molten Dry Molten
Energy demand low medium high
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Design tools and development facilities at Linde
Process simulation and CFD modeling
Design tools
Dynamic process simulation program with
Linde property database
CFD modeling
Reduced kinetic model in CFD calculation
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CFD with equi-
librium model
T max. > 2000 °C
CFD with
kinetic model
T max. < 2000 °C
Swirl Burner
Example: Calculation of max. flame temperature with reduced kinetic model
Design tools and development facilities at Linde
Reduced kinetic model
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Design tools and development facilities at Linde
Scale up from lab to technical scale
Lab scale: 10 Nm³/h; 30 bar
Pilot scale: 600 Nm³/h; atm pressure
Technical scale: > 200.000 Nm³/h; > 70 bar
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Trends in technology development
Levers for future optimization
Cost reduction:
High pressure
More compact design
Standardisation
Extended prefabrication
Reduction of CO2 emissions:
Increase of energy efficiency
Co-gasification of biomass
Source:
Siemens Global Gasification update
Houston 2008
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Trends in technology development
Reduction of CO2 production and O2 consumption
Investigation of theoretical potentials for reduction of specific CO2 production
and specific O2 consumption by reduction of gasification temperature,
feedstock preheating and biomass co-gasification
Feed Coal Coal Coal Wood Mix *
Preheat temp °C 25 25 300 300 300
Reactor temp. °C 1400 1000 1000 1000 1000
O2 supply % *** 100 84 71 11- 40 41- 55
CO2 release % *** 100 94 84 0 ** 42 **
Cold gas eff. % LHV daf 78.4 84.0 88.1 88.4 88.3
* Mix: 50 % wt coal/50 % wt wood ** CO2 of wood not counted *** Nm³ Gas/Nm³ Syngas
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Trends in technology development
More compact design: POX with horizontal catalyst bed
XXL ATR: > 1 Mio. Nm³/h Syngas
Potential invest cost reduction
Controlled conditions for catalyst
POX & Catalyst bed = ATR POX
Gas
conditioning
several small POX Single
POX
Alternative
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Trends in technology development
More compact design: Horizontal coal gasification
Potential Invest cost reduction
Theoretical cold gas efficiency > 85 %
Capacity 22 t/m².h or 100 MW/m² in HTW pilot plant at 25 bara 3)
Syngas
Horizontal
gasification reactor
R1
Circulating
fluidised bed
Coal
pressurization
to 80 bara in
liquid phase
Preheating
up to 300
°C
Feed Solid
content >
70-80 %
Fine coke
gasification
& ash
melting
Product gas
Steam & oxygen supply
Heat
recovery
3) CIT 64, Vol.5,1992
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Potential future markets and feedstocks
Decentralized gasification of NG, coal, waste, biomass
Potential products: Power, District Heating, SNG, H2, FT-fuel, CO2
Gasification &
down stream process
Power
District heating
H2
SNG
CO2
Fuels
Chemicals
Ammonia
Foam
Natural gas
Coal
Biomass
Waste
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Summary
Commercial gasification plants are typically linked with large
production capacities and high investment costs.
Gasification technology has significant optimization potential → but
special tools & methods are required for optimized design.
More compact design can help to reduce CAPEX and increase
competition of gasification.
Local feedstock and product demand provide additional opportunity
for gasification technology.
Thank you for your attention.