mass depopulation & euthanasia
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Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia. Avian Euthanasia. Euthanasia and Depopulation. Euthanasia Transitioning painlessly and stress-free as possible Mass Depopulation Large numbers, quickly and efficiently Consideration to welfare as practicable Terms used interchangeably here. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia
Avian Euthanasia
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• Euthanasia– Transitioning painlessly and stress-free
as possible• Mass Depopulation
– Large numbers, quickly and efficiently– Consideration to welfare as practicable
• Terms used interchangeably here
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Euthanasia and Depopulation
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• May be practiced during an animal health emergency
• Goals of Euthanasia – Provide humane treatment– Select acceptable method– Minimize negative emotional impact– Safeguard food chain– Prevent or mitigate disease spread
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Euthanasia and Depopulation
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• Goal: Humane Treatment• Decrease animal stress, excitement• Competent, trained and experienced
personnel• Restrain without undue
injury or pain• Handle animals quietly
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Handling
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
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• Acceptable (noninhalant)• Conditionally acceptable• Adjunct• “Other”• Consider disease agent
when choosing method– Zoonotic potential
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Euthanasia Methods
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• Injectable barbituates• Barbituate derivates
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Noninhalant Injectables
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• Conditionally acceptable– Carbon dioxide– Carbon monoxide– Nitrogen– Argon
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Inhalant
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• Conditionally acceptable– Cervical dislocation– Decapitation– Electrocution– Gunshot– Percussive stunning/Captive bolt– Manually applied blunt force trauma
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical Methods
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• Water-based foam• Ventilation shut down
– Not recommended
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Additional Methods
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– Potassium chloride or magnesium sulfate
• IV or Intracardiac – Exsanguination (consider biosecurity)– Bird MUST be unconscious
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Adjunct Methods
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• Small number of birds, companion birds
• Intraperitoneal injection– Nonirritating euthanasia agent– Restrain with Ketamine hydrochloride, if
necessary– Death is prolonged when compared to
intravenous methods
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Injectable Chemical Agents
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• CO2– used extensively– Heavier than air, will remain near floor
• Nitrogen, argon– Specific gravity similar to air– Does not sink– Must be used in a completely closed
system
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Types of Gaseous Agents
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• Should only be performed by well-trained individuals
• Only practical if:– Small birds– Small number to be euthanized– Tissues collection
• When learning technique, sedate or anesthetize birds first
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Cervical Dislocation
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• Not recommended in mass depopulation situations– Risk of disease spread– Offensive – Stressful to birds and responders– Inefficient – Welfare concerns
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Decapitation
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• Cash Poultry Killer (CPK)– Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese– Cartridge-powered
• New cartridge for each use• May overheat with continuous use
– Air-powered• Intended for production slaughter
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Percussive Stunning
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• Successfully used with poultry• Mobile electrical water bath systems
– On-farm stunning, euthanasia– Sufficient to kill without need for adjunct
method– Requires individual handling and leg-
shackling necessary• No existing electrocution mass
depopulation systems in the U.S. USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Electrocution
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• Acceptable for small number of feral/wild birds that cannot be moved, trapped– Use appropriate shot size
• Acceptable for large birds or ratites
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Gunshot
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• Cease ventilation of building– May also increase ambient temperature
• Welfare concerns:– Method of death: suffocation or heat
stress– Possible prolonged suffering
• Method not addressed by AVMA– Approved in United Kingdom
• Not recommendedUSDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Ventilation Shutdown
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• Advantages:– Decreased labor– Little/no bird handling– Decreases dust
• Disadvantages:– Water supply– Birds must be on floor
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Water-Based Foam
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• Confirmation of death can be difficult– Sustained lack of heartbeat and
respiration– Rigor mortis– Evaluate by competent, experienced
personnel
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Confirmation of Death
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• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines& SOP: Mass Depopulationand Euthanasia (MDE) (2011)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_h
ealth/emergency_management/ • MDE web-based training module
– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
For More Information
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Authors (CFSPH):• Reneé Dewell DVM,MS• Nichollette Rider, Veterinary Student
Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS:• Lori P. Miller, PE• Darrel K. Styles, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Guidelines Content
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AcknowledgmentsDevelopment of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services
PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPMReviewers: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH, Patricia Futoma, BS, Veterinary Student, Reneé Dewell DVM,MS