master production scheduling (2010)

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Master Production Scheduling StefanusEkoWiratno Teknik Industri ITS [email protected]

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Page 1: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Master Production Scheduling

StefanusEkoWiratnoTeknik Industri ITS

[email protected]

Page 2: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 2

Definitions

The MPS is a statement of what, how much, and when end items are planned to be produced

over planning periods. It is a disaggregation and implementation of the production plan

Page 3: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 3

Functions of The MPS

It schedules production and purchase orders for MPS items

It is principal input to MRP system It is the basis for determining resource

requirements It provides the basis for making delivery

promises to customers

Page 4: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 4

Product Level vs. Production Planning

Family

Item

Component/Material

Production (Aggregate)Planning

Master Production Scheduling

Material Requirement Planning

Page 5: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 5

The Components of MRP II

Master ProductionScheduling

Material RequirementsPlanning

Marketing Plan

Production Plan Resource Planning

Rough-CutCapacity Planning

Capacity RequirementPlanning

Production

Reports

Any changes?

Forecast Demand

Distribution Plan

Orders

Bill of Material

Inventory

Routing T o o l

Page 6: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 6

Inputs for MPS

1. Production PlanMPS must be reconciled with Production Plan

2. Demand data• Sales forecast• Customer orders• Safety stocks• Field warehouse requirements

3. Inventory status

4. Ordering policy

Page 7: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 7

Bill of MaterialsBOM merupakan suatu pernyataan tentang komponen

dan bahan baku yang dipakai untuk menyusun sebuah produk

BOM menjadi dasar dalam perencanaan produksi dan persediaan

BOM tradisional dikembangkan dari sudut pandang engineering dan manufaktur

Saat ini struktur BOM yang digunakan banyak untuk memfasilitasi kemudahan dalam melakukan peramalan penjualan, perencanaan MPS, menentukan safety stock dan FAS. BOM ini dinamakan planning bills

Page 8: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 8

Modular BillsPengelompokkan komponen atau subassembly ke dalam

modul-modul yang didasarkan apakah sebuah komponen/subassembly hanya bisa dipakai untuk satu produk saja atau dapat dipakai untuk semua jenis produk yang dibuat.

Contoh: sebuah mobil dapat dirakit dengan pilihan:– Body: 4 pintu atau 2 pintu (2)– Transmisi: Manual atau Otomatis (2)– Mesin: V6, V8 atau diesel (3)– Suspensi: Ringan atau Berat (2)

Dengan sistem MTS berarti perusahaan harus menetapkan 24 nilai parameter persediaan yang sejenis, masing-masing harus memiliki safety stock, ROP dan peramalan dari 24 jenis mobil

Kombinasi mobil:2 3 2 2 = 24

Page 9: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 9

Modular BillMisal jumlah mobil yang dirakit hanya 4 macam mobil yang berbeda dari 2 macam mesin (V-6 dan Diesel) dan 2 macam transmisi (Manual dan Otomatis) sedangkan untuk yang lainnya diasumsikan hanya ada satu jenis pilihan saja sebagai berikut:

1. Mesin V-6 transmisi Manual kode M012. Mesin V-6 transmisi Otomatis kode M113. Mesin Diesel transmisi Manual kode M214. Mesin Diesel transmisi Otomatis kode M31

Masing-masing mobil disusun atas subassembly seperti pada gambar BOM Level 1 berikut ini

Page 10: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 10

Modular Bill (1)

A01 dipakai semua jenis mobilB10, B11, C10 dan C20 dipakai minimal 2 jenis mobil

B10 V6 C20 ManualB11 Diesel C10 Otomatis

D01, D11, D21, dan D31 digunakan pada masing-masing jenis mobil sehingga tidak bisa dimodularisasi

M01

V-6Manual

V-6Otomatis

M11 M21

DieselManual

DieselOtomatis

M31

- A01

- B10

- C20

- D01

- A01

- B10

- C10

- D11

- A01

- B11

- C20

- D21

- A01

- B11

- C10

- D31

Page 11: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 11

Modular Bill (2)D01, D11, D21, dan D31 dibreakdown 1 level di bawahnya

Subassembly pada gambar di atas dipakai untuk lebih dari satu jenis mobil (tidak unik) sehingga dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam modul sbb:

D01 D11 D21 D31

- E01

- F01

- G01

- E01

- F01

- G11

- E01

- F11

- G01

- E01

- F11

- G11

Semua Mobil

MesinV-6

Mesin Diesel

Transmisi Manual

Transmisi Otomatis

A01 B10 B11 C20 C10

E01 F01 F11 G01 G11

Page 12: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 12

Modular Bill (3)Untuk memudahkan pembuatan MPS maka modul-modul di

atas seolah-olah dianggap sebagai produk akhirnya yang akan diproduksi sehingga dibuat BOM Pseudo Assembly sebagai berikut:

Jadi dengan BOM Pseudo Assembly di atas, maka perusahaan akan membuat MPS yang terdiri jadual dari item P101, P102, P103, P104, dan P105

P101 P102 P103 P104

- A01

- E01

- B10

- F01

- B11

- F11

- C20

- G01

P104

- C10

- G11

Page 13: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 13

Super Bills for OptionSuper Bill adalah suatu BOM single-level dimana parent

merupakan suatu pseudo assemblyParent adalah suatu produk generik dan komponen-

komponen adalah semua modul-modul yang akan dipilihKuantiti dari setiap komponen per parent pada bill tersebut

merupakan hasil ramalan berdasarkan fraksi dari total demand produk

Super bill juga disebut Ratio Bill atau Percentage Bill, dan diketahui juga sebagai two-level MPS system.

Two-level MPS system: total permintaan produk merupakan input untuk top level MPS dan selanjutnya top-level dieksplorasi menggunakan Super Bill untuk mendapatkan peramalan permintaan modul-modul yang digunakan pada MPS level kedua

Page 14: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 14

Super Bills for OptionStruktur produk produk Speedo Bicycle seperti gambar di bawah. Pilihan pertama terkait dengan frame dan kedua terkait dengan seat.

Speedo BicycleX270

A100Men’s

21'B100

Men’s23'

B101

Men’s19'

B102

StandardC100

DeluxeC101

Commonparts

Frameoption

Seatoption

1.00 0.40

0.30

0.45

0.65

0.45

Page 15: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 15

Super Bills for Option Proyeksi frame 115% (0.4+0.3+0.45) dan seat sebesar 110%

merupakan allowance untuk menjaga error dalam meramalkan komposisi. Untuk modul common part A-100 hanya membutuhkan 1 unit untuk sebuah produk

Tabel di bawah merupakan proyeksi Gross Requirement untuk masing-masing modul selama 5 minggu yang dapat digunakan sebagai Production Plan dari subassemblies dan parts yang diperlukan untuk membuat modul-modul

. Week 1 2 3 4 5X270 (1.00) 100 160 120 80 200

A100 (1.00) 100 160 120 80 200

B100 (0.40) 40 64 48 32 80

B101 (0.30) 30 48 36 24 60

B102 (0.45) 45 72 54 36 90

C100 (0.65) 65 104 78 52 130

C101 (0.45) 45 72 54 36 90

Page 16: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 16

Super Bills for Product Families (1)Digunakan untuk perusahaan yang memproduksi jenis

produk yang banyak, produk dibagi menjadi group/family untuk menyederhanakan PPC. Misal: perusahaan manufaktur hand tool dimana famili produknya yaitu: hammers, screwdrivers, chisels, drills, wrenches, and sanders.

Famili produk tersebut menjadi parent pseudo assembly dan setiap jenis produk (item) dianggap sebagai komponen. Jumlah produksi per item dihitung dari persentase histori atau peramalan penjualan

Page 17: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 17

Super Bills for Product Families (2)

Screw DriversA100

0.23 0.070.100.140.12 0.18 0.16

Slotted3/16"A101

Slotted1/4"

A102

Slotted5/16"A103

PhillipsNo. 0A104

PhillipsNo. 1A105

PhillipsNo. 2A106

PhillipsNo. 3A107

Page 18: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 18

Phantom AssembliesPhantom (transient) assemblies merupakan assemblies

yang diproduksi sebagai suatu set operasi berdasarkan pesanan suatu parent assembly, digunakan langsung untuk membuat assembly yang lebih besar dan tidak distock

Ada kemungkinan muncul inventori akibat overruns atau return. Jika ini terjadi maka, inventori ini harus tetap dipertimbangkan dalam perencanaan produksi assemblies untuk membuat parent assembly

Page 19: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 19

Memilih Item untuk MPSPilihan item untuk MPS akan menentukan efisien tidaknya

pelaksanaan pembuatan MPSBeberapa faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam

pemilihan item untuk MPS yaitu:1. Jumlah item sedikit untuk memudahkan dalam

pembuatan dan evaluasi MPS2. Item harus dapat diramalkan (pada MTS) sehingga

karakteristik permintaan item dapat dianalisis 3. Setiap item harus punya BOM sehingga MPS dapat

digunakan sebagai dasar pembuatan MRP4. Kapasitas yang dibutuhkan dari item-item yang akan

diproduksi harus dapat dihitung5. Item dalam MPS harus mudah diterjemahkan sebagai

produk yang diminta kustomer

Page 20: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 20

BOM Structures and FAS, MPS LevelProducts Products

Products Products

Materials Materials

MaterialsMaterials

MPS level

FAS level

Pyramid MTO and MTS Hourglass ATO and MTS

Inverted Pyramid MTO Inverted Pyramid MTS

Page 21: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 21

Time Bucket

One-month bucket Long lead time

One-week bucket Medium lead time

One-day bucket Short lead time

Page 22: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 22

Planning Horizon (1)

Procurement Fabrication Assemble Packing Visibility

Cumulative Lead Time

Planning Horizon

3 – 6 months

Page 23: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 23

Planning Horizon (2)A

LT=2

BLT=4

ELT=6

FLT=2

CLT=8

GLT=7

HLT=9

KLT=3

LLT=8

DLT=3

ILT=12

JLT=5

The length of each path is the sum of the lead timesE = E-B-A = 6+4+2 = 12 L = L-H-C-A = 8+9+8+2 = 27F = F-B-A = 2+4+2 = 8 I = I-D-A = 12+3+2 = 17G = G-C-A = 7+8+2 =17 J = J-D-A = 5+3+2 = 10K = K-H-C-A = 3+9+8+2 = 22

Page 24: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 24

Planning Horizon (3)

Page 25: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 25

Manufacturing Lead Time (1) MLT is the time normally required to produce an item in a typical lot

quantity MLT consists of 5 elements:

1. Queue time, amount of time the job is waiting at a work center before operation begis

2. Setup time, time required to prepare the work center for operation

3. Run time, time needed to run the order through the operation4. Wait time, amoount of time the job is at the work center before

being moved to the next work center5. Move time, transit tiem between work centers

Total MLT will be sum of order preparation and release plus the MLTs for each operation

Setup time and run time is the responsibility of the IE Department. Queue, wait, and move times are under the control of manufacturing

and Production Activity Control

Page 26: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 26

Manufacturing Lead Time (2)

QUEUE SETUP RUN WAIT QUEUE SETUP RUN WAIT

QUEUE SETUP RUN WAIT QUEUE SETUP RUN WAIT

ORDER RELEASE

MOVE

MOVE

MOVE MOVE

Page 27: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

Teknik Industri

MPS 27

Manufacturing Lead Time (3)An order for 100 of a product is processed on work centers A and B. The setup time on A is 30 minutes, and run time is 10 minutes per piece. The setup time on B is 50 minutes, and the run time is 5 minutes per piece. Wait time between the two operations is 4 hours. The move time between A and B is 10 minutes. Wait time after operation B is 4 hours, and the move time into stores is 15 minutes. There is no queue at either workstation. Calculate the total manufacturing lead time for the order

Work center A operation time = 30 + (100 x 10) = 1030 minutesWait time = 240 minutesMove time from A to B = 10 minutesWork center B operation time = 50 + (100 x 5) = 550 minutesWait time = 240 minutesMove time from B to stores = 15 minutes

Total Manufacturing Lead Time = 2085 minutes= 34 hours, 45 minutes

Page 28: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 28

Manufacturing Lead Time (4)

Page 29: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 29

Manufacturing Strategies

TYPE OF STRATEGY Purchase Manufacture Assemble Ship Materials Parts Product

Cumulative Order Lead Time

INVENTORY

Delivery to Customer Lead Time

INVENTORY MAKE TO STOCK

INVENTORY CAPACITYDelivery Lead Time

INVENTORY CAPACITY ASSEMBLE TO ORDER

INVENTORY CAPACITY

Delivery Lead Time

INVENTORY CAPACITY MAKE TO ORDER

INVENTORY CAPACITY

Delivery Lead TimeINVENTORY CAPACITY ENGINEER TO ORDER

Page 30: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 30

Types of Orders

Planned orderPlanned order is an order for future execution which is calculated automatically by the system

Firm planned order (FPO)FPO is an order authorized by master scheduler but not yet release to manufacturing

OrderOrder is production order that have been release to manufacturing

Page 31: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 31

Time Fences

ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3

Proyeksi Per-mintaan vs Persediaan

Permintaan aktual

Jenis order ORDER FIRM PLANNED ORDER PLANNED ORDER

Rescheduling MP Scheduling + Manajemen MP Scheduler Sistem

Kombinasi antara permintaan aktual dengan peramalan

0 DTF PTFPlanning Horizon

Cummulative lead time

Assemblylead time

Page 32: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 32

Content of MPS Header : Item part number, item description, lead time, safety stock,

order quantity policy, DTF and PTF Body : information for each time bucket through the planning horizon:

– Forecast forecast of independent demand– Production forecast the calculated dependent demand– Actual demand promised customer orders– MPS the scheduled receipts of orders and FPOs– Projected available balance a projection of the on-hand inventory

less any allocations or back orders– Available to Promise (ATP) the quantity from the current balance

and from each MPS order that has not already been promised to customer and is, therefore, available to promise

– Planned orders by period in which they are scheduled to be received

Page 33: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 33

The MPS Exception Reports

Reschedule in (expediting)Reschedule out (de expediting)Cancel an MPSNote time fence moved

Page 34: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 34

The Example of MPSMPS for an MTS Product (1)

Item no : X1736 Description : Generator Lead time : 3 periods Safety stock : 3 unit Order Quantity : 3 periods net DTF : 0 period requirements PTF : 5 periods

PTF

Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Forecast 5 3 8 2 7 5 8 4 10

Production forecast

Actual demand

MPS 15

Projected available balance 14 9 6 13 11 4 -1 -9 -13 -23

Available to promise

Planned order 16 10

For periods 6, 7, and 8 the net requirements is= Demand + Safety stock – Starting projected available balance= (5 + 8 + 4) + 3 – 4= 16

This will be the planned order to be received in period 6 and to be released in period 3

Page 35: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 35

The Example of MPSMPS for an MTS Product (2)

Item no : X1736 Description : Generator Lead time : 3 periods Safety stock : 3 unit Order Quantity : 3 periods net DTF : 0 period requirements PTF : 5 periods

PTF

Period 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Forecast 3 8 2 7 5 8 4 10 7

Production forecast

Actual demand

MPS 15 18

Projected available balance 7 4 11 9 2 15 7 3 -7 -14

Available to promise

Planned order 17

MPS might look one period later. Demand in period 1 was actually 7 (forecast = 5), so the projected available balances for periods 1 through 5 are lower by 2 units. The forecast for periods 2 through 9 is unchanged, but period 10 has been added with a demand of 7

Page 36: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 36

The Example of MPSMPS for an MT0

Item no : Y750 Description : Digital Controller Lead time : 5 periods Safety stock : 0 unit Order Quantity : Lot for Lot DTF/PTF : 6/6 period

DTFPTF

Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Forecast

Production forecast

Actual demand 5 5 7 3 4 2 1MPS 5 5 7 3 4 2Projected available balance

Available to promise

Planned order 1

Tidak akan ada ramalan/proyeksi stok karena produksi hanya dilakukan setelah ada pesanan langsung dari kustomer

DTF dan PTF jatuh pada waktu yang sama Pesanan yang jatuh tempo di luar PTF dialokasikan sebagai Planned Order,

sedangkan yang berada pada daerah PTF dialokasikan pada MPS

Page 37: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 37

The Example of MPSMPS for an MTO/MTS Product (1)

Karakteristik pelayanan sebuah produk mengikuti sistem MTS dan produk-produk tersebut harganya sangat mahal sehingga tidak efisien bila disimpan dalam jangka yang relatif lama

Biasanya produk-produk ini hampir standard sehingga MPS bisa dibuat berdasarkan ramalan sebelum pesanan kustomer benar-benar diterima

Page 38: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 38

The Example of MPSMPS for an MTO/MTS Product (2)

Item no : Z438 Description : Electronics microscope

Lead time : 3 periods Safety stock : 0 unit Order Quantity : 4 periods net DTF : 3 periods requirements PTF : 6 periods

DTF PTF

Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Forecast 7 8 3 5 10 11 6 9 15

Production forecast

Actual demand 4 6 5 3 2 1

MPS 18 28

Projected available balance 11 7 1 14 9 27 16 10 1 -14

Available to promise 1 10 25

Planned order 14

Avaible to Promise (ATP) = stok awal – total permintaan aktual dan permintaan sebelum MPS

ATP (Period 1) = 11 – 4 – 6 = 1ATP (Period 3) = MPS (Period 3) – Actual demands (Period 3 and 4) = 18 – 5 – 3 = 10

Page 39: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 39

The Example of MPSMPS for an MTO/MTS Product (3)

Item no : Z438 Description : Electronics microscopeLead time : 3 periods Safety stock : 0 unit Order Quantity : 4 periods net DTF : 3 periods requirements PTF : 6 periods

DTF PTF

Period 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Forecast 8 3 5 10 11 6 9 15 8

Production forecast

Actual demand 6 5 6 4 2 1

MPS 18 28

Projected available balance

7 1 14 8 26 15 9 0 -15 -23

Available to promise 1 7 21

Planned order 23

The MPS for one period later :

Page 40: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 40

Make to Stock

FASMPS

Raw Materials/ Components

Lead-time for Manufacturing

Lead-timefor Delivery MPS/FAS

Builds Finished Items to Forecast

Page 41: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 41

Assemble to Order

FASFinal Assembly of Exact Configuration

O P T I O N MPS Builds Components & Subassemblies

S

Configured End Items

Lead-time for Manufacturing

Lead-time for Delivery

Raw Materials/ Components

Page 42: Master Production Scheduling (2010)

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MPS 42

Make to Order

FAS Configured End Items

Lead-time for Manufacturing

Raw Materials/ Components

Lead-timefor Delivery

MPS