1

Materi Kuliah

Manajemen Proyek

INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

PROJECT CONTROL

2

3

PROJECT CONTROLThe process of keeping the project on target and

as closeto plan as feasibly posible is the subject control :1.Planning concentrats on setting goals and direction, control

guides the work toward those goals.2.Planning allocate resources,control ensures effective on

going utilization of those resources, 3.Planning antisipates the problems,control corrects the

problems.4.Planning motivates participants to achieve goals,control

rewards achievement of goals.THE CONTROL PROCESSThe process is achieved in three phases, setting performance

standards, comparing this standards with actual performance, then taking necessary correction action.

INFORMATION MONITORING1.Data collecting2.Information reporting

4

EVALUASI PROYEKDalam kegiatan proyek ,Proyek Manajer harus

melakukan :1. Pengecekan kegiatan2. Melakukan evaluasi3. Melakukan koreksisehingga pencapaian proyek (jadwal, biaya, prestasi fisik) dapat dijaga sesuai target.METODA EVALUASI PROYEK1.Formative Evaluation Dilakukan selama perjalanan proyek2.Summary Evaluation Dilakukan setelah proyek selesaiINFORMASI UTAMA DALAM EVALUASI

PROYEK1.Graphics (Chart & Tabel)2.Laporan (Lisan & Tulisan)3.Observasi4.Review Meeting

5

Controlling Cash1. Control during the life of projecek : plan, publish,

measure, compare, report, forecast, and correct.2. Budget preparation : data collection, WBS, cost centre

codes, 3. System budget : budget , commited cost, actual cost.

Budgeted cost – Committed cost = Variance

Negative Variance means that :4. Poor control5. Extra unbudgetted works was included6. Some activity cost were underestimated

6

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS1. Analisis Biaya dan Jadwal menggunakan Nilai Hasil a.Budgeted Cost of the work scheduled (BCWS) yaituJumlah anggaran yang disediakan untuk menyelesaikan

kegiatan yang telah ditargetkan b.Actual Cost of the work Performed (ACWP) yaituJumlah biaya aktual dari pekerjaan yang telah dilaksanakan

c. Budgeted Cost of the work Performed (BCWP) yaitu :Jumlah dana yang telah dikeluarkan untuk menyelesaikan

kegiatan yang telah ditargetkanVariance AnalysisAV = BCWS – ACWP (Accounting Variance)CV = BCWP – ACWP (Cost Variance) SV = BCWP – BCWS (Schedule Variance)TV = SD – BCSP (Time Variance) SD = Status date (ex. : week 20) BCSP = The date where BCWS = BCWP

7

VarianceVariance menunjukkan besarnya penyimpangan yang terjadi pada suatu titik waktu/saat pelaporan.

Variansi Biaya (Cost Variance) = BCWP – ACWPVariansi Jadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS

Varians Jadwal Varians Biaya Keterangan

Positif Positif Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya < anggaran

Nol Positif Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya < anggaran

Positif Nol Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya = anggaran

Nol Nol Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya = anggaran

Negatif Negatif Pekerjaan lebih lambat dari jadwal & biaya > anggaran

Nol Negatif Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya > anggaran

Negatif Nol Pekerjaan lebih lambat dari jadwal & biaya = anggaran

Positif Negatif Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya > anggaran

8

Schedule variance(time)

ForecastProject

Time slip

NOWPlanned

completion

Cost variance

Schedule Variance(cost)

ForecastCost

Over run

BAC

BCWS

ACWP

BCWP

9

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

100

75

50

25

0

800

600

400

200

0 J F M A M J J A S O N D

AWAL AKHIRRealisasi

Anggaran

Varian

Kurva ‘ S ” Varian

10

Variansi Biaya (Cost Variance) = BCWP – ACWPVariansi Jadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS

ACWP = Actual Cost of Work PerformedBCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work PerformedBCWS = Budgeted cost of Work Schedule

Uraian Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul AgtAnggaran BCWS

60 140 280 480 660 870 1020 1080

Pengeluaran ACWP

50 210 410 640 840 750 890 950

Nilai Hasil BCWP

40 100 210 380 530 660 900 880

Varinsi Biaya -10 -110 -200 -260 -310 -90 10 -70Variansi Jadwal -20 -40 -70 -100 -130 -210 -120 -200

11

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Continued)2.Technical AnalysisNilai aktual parameter teknis (yg didapat dari estimasi,

pengukuran analitis, dan tes empiris) harus dibandingkan dengan parameter teknis yang diinginkan, untuk mengevaluasi dan mengukur perbedaan antara pencapaian dan keinginan (sasaran).

3.Performance IndexKinerja suatu proyek dapat diukur menggunakan Indeks

Kinerja (performance index) :Indeks Kinerja Jadwal (Schedule Performance Index)

SPI = BCWP/ACWPSPI < 1 berarti Waktu Pelaksanaan > Jadwal

Indeks Kinerja Biaya (Cost Performance Index)CPI = BCWP/ACWPCPI < 1 berarti Pengeluaran > Anggaran.

12

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Lanjutan)Untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pelaksanaan proyek

telahdilaksanakan,dilakukan dengan menghitung CRITICAL RATIO

(CR)

Actual Progress Budgeted Cost CR = ---------------------- x ------------------- Scheduled Progress Actual Cost

JIKA : CR = 1 Proyek kemungkinan selesai sesuai targetCR ≠ 1 Proyek memerlukan penanganan untuk

memonitor dan mengendalikan proyek

Forecasting “To Complete” and “At Completion” FCTC (Forecasted Cost To Complete Project) BCAC - BCWP

= ------------------- BCAC = budgeted cost at completion

CPI for the project FCAC (Forecasted Cost at Completion)

= ACWP + FCTC

13

RevisedCompletiondate

Status Date (SD)

BCWS

ACWP

BCWP

Forecasted ACWP

BCAC

FCAC

FCTC

Forecasted BCWP

20 5047

Initial target date

19

The Project Completion = 20 + (47-19)/SPI

SOAL LATIHAN

14

15

KEGIATAN

KEGIATAN YANG MENDA-HULUI

DURASI (MINGGU)

BIAYA LANGSUNG

PER MINGGU ($K)

PENYELE -SAIAN

KEGIATAN DLM (%)

BIAYA YANG TELAH DIBELANJAKAN

($K)

A - 10 10 100 100

B A 8 8 100 72

C A 6 18 100 96

D C 4 4 100 20

E C 2 18 100 40

F C 4 21 100 70

G B 4 20 50 50

H B 5 10 50 100

I B,C 5 12 10 12

J E 5 16 0 0

K F 4 0 0 0

L G 3 0 0 0

M J 3 0 0 0

N H,L 3 14 0 0

O D,K 3 16 50 60

P N 5 12 0 0

Q O 2 12 0 0

R I,P,Q 8 13 0 0

S M,R 6 11 0 0

          620

16

Pertanyaan :

1. Buatkan rencana biaya dan jadwal proyek dengan menggunakan gambar Network dan Bar Chartnya.

2. Setelah proyek berjalan 30 minggu, apa komentar saudara yang meliputi (AV, SV dan CV) serta berapa FCAC (Forecasted Cost At Completion).

17

Materi kuliah 03052010

Manajemen Proyek

INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

Basic Project Control Steps

• Define the project scope• Develop a project plan consistent with:

– project scope– estimates (cost constraints)– schedule (constraints– resources available

• Report progress and compare with budget and forecast• Control by taking corrective action

18

19

Five Phases of Project Management

Risk Management:

• Risk Identification• Risk Quantification• Risk Response Development• Risk Response Control

20

Contingency - Plan for Change

21

Project Close-out

22

Project Closeout - Major Phases

• Obtain client acceptance• Document the project• Conduct the post implementation audit• Issue the final report

23

Plan the Work…

Work the Plan

24

Successful Project Management

25

Successful Project Completion

26

Project Planning, Scheduling &

Controlling

27

Materi kuliah 10052010

Manajemen Proyek

INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

FOUNDATION IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

• Start the project with a strong foundation. The templates and checklist (clear goals, effective communication, and management support)

• The project proposal , • Project sponsor can use the charter template to formally authorize• the project and project manager.• The statement of work represents the formal agreement between• project stakeholders about the goals and constraints of the project.• The responsibility matrix clarifies the role and authority of each• project stakeholder.• Effective communication ,Use the communication planning matrix to identify

who needs what information and how you’ll be sure to get it to them• As you initiate the project, use the definition checklist to guide the team

28

Project Proposal (Project name, Sponsor, Project Manager, Prepared by,Revision History)

• Project Goal ,Problem/Opportunity Definition ,Proposed Solution• Project Selection and Ranking Criteria• Project benefit category: ❑ Compliance/regulatory Efficiency/cost reduction❑ ❑ Revenue increase• Portfolio fit and interdependencies• Project urgency• Cost-Benefit Analysis• Tangible Benefits (Benefit ,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value)• Intangible Benefits (Benefit,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value)• Cost Categories (Internal labor hours ,External costs,Equipment, hardware, or software,List other

costs such as travel and training)• Financial Return• Business Requirements(Scope,Major project activities,Out of scope activities that are critical to

the success of the project• Major Obstacles ,Risks ,Schedule Overview Estimated Project Completion Date ,Major Milestones

,External Milestones Affecting the Project,Impact of Late Delivery

29

Project Management Context:

• Project Phases and Life Cycle• Stakeholders• Leadership Skills• General Management Skills• Communications Skills

30

Project Phases and Life Cycle:

• Divide Project into Phases• Better Management Control• Review Deliverables and Performance• Fast-tracking

31

Example of Project Phases:

• Conceptual Design• Detailed Design• Coding and Testing• Training and Documentation• Deployment

32

Stakeholders:

• Individuals and Organizations• Actively Involved in Project• Interests Affected by Project

33

Leadership Skills:

• Vision and Strategy• Establishing Direction• Aligning People• Communicating• Negotiating• Motivating and Inspiring• Influencing Organizations• Overcoming Barriers to Change

34

General Management Skills:• Planning• Finance and Accounting• Personnel Administration• Technology• Organizational Development• Delegation• Team Building• Conflict Management• Solving Problems

35

Communications Skills:

• Writing• Listening• Speaking• Presenting• Media Relations• Meeting Management

36

Scope Management:

• Initiation• Scope Planning• Scope Definition• Scope Verification• Scope Change Control

37

Management activities• Proposal writing• Project planning and scheduling• Project cost• Project monitoring and review• Personnel selection and evaluation• Report writing and presentations

38

Human Resource Management

• Organizational Planning• Staff Acquisition• Team Development

39

Communications Management:

• Communications Planning• Information Distribution• Performance Reporting• Administrative Closure

40

Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs:

• Communications Management Plan• Project Records• Performance Reports• Change Requests• Project Archives• Formal Acceptance• Lessons Learned

41

42

Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs:

• Risk Management Plan• Checklists• Contingency Plans• Reserves• Contractual Terms

Risk Management:

• Risk Identification• Risk Quantification• Risk Response Development• Risk Response Control

43

Management Processes:

• Initiating Processes• Planning Processes• Executing Processes• Controlling Processes• Closing Processes

44