material and appratus

8/22/2019 Material and Appratus

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MA – 1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn

Kimia Tingkatan

1

GuidedExperiment

1.1 Scientifc Method

Apparatus : 100 cm3 beaker, 50 cm3 measuring

cylinder, thermometer, electronic

balance, spatula, glass rod, wire gauze,

tripod stand, Bunsen burner.

Materials : Table salt, distilled water.

2

Inquiry Experiment 2.1 Diusion

Apparatus : Gas jars and cover, dropper, test tubes,

test tube rack, stopper, retort stand

with clamp.

Materials : Liquid bromine, 1 mol dm–3 potassium

manganate(VII) solution, potassium

manganate(VII) crystal, hot liquid jelly,

water, tissue paper.

Inquiry

Experiment 2.2 The Melting and Freezing Pointso Naphthalene

Apparatus : Boiling tube, 250 cm3 beaker, stirring

thermometer, tripod stand, retord stand

and clamp, Bunsen burner, stopwatch,

conical ask, wire gauze.

Materials : Naphthalene, tap water.

3

Inquiry Experiment 3.1 Empirical Formula

Apparatus : Crucible with lid, tongs, Bunsen

burner, tripod stand, pipe-clay triangle,

electronic balance

Materials : Magnesium ribbon, sandpaper.

Inquiry Experiment 3.2 Chemical Equations

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen

burner, rubber bung with delivery tustoppers, glass tube, test tube rack.

Materials : Solid copper(II) carbonate, lime

water, concentrated hydrochloric

acid, concentrated ammonia solution

0.2 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,

0.2 mol dm–3 potassium iodide soluti

4

PEKA 1 Chemical Properties o Group 1Elements

Apparatus : Gas jar, orceps, knie, water trough

gas jar, spoon.

Materials : Small pieces o solid lithium, sodium

and potassium, red litmus paper, ga

jar flled with oxygen gas, flter pape

distilled water.

PEKA 2 Chemical Properties o Group 17Elements

Apparatus : Test tubes, conical ask, dropper, te

tube holders, stopper, combustion tu

delivery tube, Bunsen burner, retort

stand with clamp.

Materials : Liquid bromine, solid iodine, blue

litmus paper, distilled water, iron

wool, soda lime, 2 mol dm–3 sodium

hydroxide, solution, potassium

manganate(VII) crystals, concentrate

hydrochloric acid.

GuidedExperiment

4.1Properties o Oxides o Eleme

in Period 3

Apparatus : Test tubes, Bunsen burner, test

tube holder, test tube rack, 100 cm3

measuring cylinder.

Materials : Sodium oxide, magnesium oxide,

aluminium oxide, silicon(IV) oxide,

phosphorus(V) oxide, sulphur dioxide

in a stoppered test tube, dichlorine

heptoxide, Universal Indicator, 2 mol

dm–3 nitric acid, 2 mol dm–3 sodium

hydroxide solution, distilled water.



MA – 2 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

PELANGI Kimia Tingkatan 4

Inquiry Experiment 4.2 Colours o Transition Element

Compounds

Apparatus : Beakers, glass rod, test tubes.

Materials : Copper(II) sulphate crystals, iron(II)

sulphate crystals, iron(III) chloride

crystals, ammonia solution, sodium

hydroxide solution, distilled water.

5

Inquiry Experiment 5.1 Preparation o Ionic Compounds

Apparatus : Crucible, tripod stand, pipe-clay

triangle, deagerating spoon, gas jar,

gas jar cover, spatula, Bunsen burner,

combustion tube, stopper with delivery

tube.

Materials : Magnesium ribbon, sodium granule, gasjar flled with chlorine gas, iron flings,

flter paper, asbestos paper, sandpaper,

soda lime.

Inquiry Experiment 5.2 Properties o Ionic and Covalent

Compounds

Apparatus : Watch glasses, dropper, test tubes,

crucible, battery, bulb, switch, Bunsen

burner, tripod stand, carbon electrodes,

pipe-clay triangle, connecting wires

with crocodile clips.

Materials : Magnesium chloride crystals, sodiumsulphate crystals, diethyl ether, hexane,

distilled water, cyclohexane, solid

lead(II) bromide, naphthalene.

6

Inquiry Experiment 6.1 Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes

Apparatus : Battery, bulb, switch, connecting wires

with crocodile clips, carbon electrodeswith holders, crucible, 100 cm3 beaker,

Bunsen burner, tripod stand, pipe-clay

triangle.

Materials : Solid lead(II) bromide, naphthalene,

acetamide, sodium hydroxide solution,

glucose solution, copper(II) sulphate

solution.

Inquiry Experiment 6.2 Electrolysis o Molten Lead(II)

Bromide

Apparatus : Battery, switch, carbon electrodes,

connecting wire with crocodile clips,

ammeter, crucible, tripod stand, pipe-

clay triangle, Bunsen burner, 250 cm3

beaker.

Materials : Solid lead(II) bromide.

Inquiry Experiment 6.3 Electrolysis o Copper(II) Sulphate

Solution and Dilute Sulphuric Aci

Using Carbon Electrodes

Apparatus : Battery, carbon electrodes, electrolytic

cell, connecting wires with crocodile

clips, ammeter, test tubes, switch.

Materials : 0.1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate

solution, 0.1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid,

wooden splinter.

GuidedExperiment 6.4 Factors That Determine theSelective Discharge o Ions at

Electrodes During the Electrolyso an Aqueous Solution

Apparatus : Battery, carbon electrodes, copper

electrodes, electrolytic cell, connecting

wires with crocodile clips, ammeter,

test tubes, switch, electronic balance.

Materials : 0.1 mol dm–3 copper(II) nitrate solution,

0.1 mol dm–3 sodium sulphate solution,

0.001 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid,

2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, 0.1 mol dm

copper(II) sulphate solution, wooden

splinter, litmus paper, sandpaper.

GuidedExperiment

6.5 Purifcation o Metals

Apparatus : Battery, 250 cm3 beaker, connecting

wires with crocodile clips, ammeter,

switch.

Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution

impure copper plate, pure copper

plate.

GuidedExperiment

6.6 Electroplating o Metals

Apparatus : Battery, 250 cm3 beaker, connectingwires with crocodile clips, ammeter,

switch, rheostat.

Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution

copper strip, iron spoon, sandpaper.




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GuidedExperiment

6.7 The Simple Voltaic Cell

Apparatus : 250 cm3 beaker, connecting wires with

crocodile clips, voltmeter.

Materials : Magnesium ribbon, copper plate,

1 mol dm–3 sodium chloride solution,

sandpaper.

GuidedExperiment

6.8The Construction o ElectrochemicalSeries Based on Potential

Dierences Between Metals

Apparatus : Voltmeter, 250 cm3 beaker, connecting

wires with crocodile clips.

Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution,

copper strip, lead strip, iron nail, zinc

strip, magnesium ribbon, aluminium

strip, sandpaper.

GuidedExperiment

6.9The Construction o

Electrochemical Series Based on

the Principle o Displacement o Metals

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack.

Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) nitrate solution,

1 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,

1 mol dm–3 iron(II) nitrate solution,

1 mol dm–3 zinc nitrate solution,

1 mol dm–3 magnesium nitrate solution,

copper strip, lead strip, iron nail, zinc

strip, magnesium ribbon, sandpaper.

7

PEKA 3 The Role o Water in Showing the

Properties o Acids

Apparatus : Watch glass, dropper, 100 cm3 beaker,

glass rod.

Materials : Blue litmus paper, glacial ethanoic acid,

2 mol dm–3 ethanoic acid, solution o

ethanoic acid in dry propanone.

GuidedExperiment

7.1 The Role o Water in Showing theProperties o Alkalis

Apparatus : Spatula, glass rod, 100 cm3 beaker, flter

unnel.

Materials : Red litmus paper, dry barium

hydroxide powder, distilled water, flter

paper.

PEKA 4 The pH Values and Molarity o Acid

and Alkalis

Apparatus : pH meter, 250 cm3 beakers.

Materials : Hydrochloric acid with concentration

0.1 mol dm–3, 0.01 mol dm–3,

0.001 mol dm–3, 0.0001 mol dm–3 and

0.00001 mol dm–3; sodium hydroxide

solution with concentrations of 0.1 mol dm–3, 0.01 mol dm–3,

0.001 mol dm–3, 0.0001 mol dm–3 and

0.00001 mol dm–3.

Inquiry Experiment 7.2 Acid-base Titration

Apparatus : 25.0 cm3 pipette, burette, 250 cm3

conical ask, retort stand and clamp

white tile.

Materials : 0.1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, potassiu

hydroxide solution, phenolphthalein

8

Inquiry Experiment 8.1 Preparation o a Soluble Salt

the Reaction o an Acid with

Alkali

Apparatus : 25.0 cm3 pipette, burette, 250 cm3

conical ask, flter unnel, evaporati

dish, Bunsen burner, tripod stand,

retort stand and clamp, beaker, glas

rod, white tile, wire gauze.Materials : 2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid,

2 mol dm–3 potassium hydroxide

solution, phenolphthalein, flter pape

distilled water.

Inquiry Experiment 8.2 Preparation o a Soluble Salt r

the Reaction o an Acid with a

Metal Oxide

Apparatus : 100 cm3 beaker, glass rod, spatula,

tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen

burner, flter unnel, retort stand and

clamp, evaporating dish, measuring

cylinder.

Materials : 2 mol dm–3 nitric acid, copper(II) oxid

powder, flter paper.



MA – 4 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

PELANGI Kimia Tingkatan 4

Inquiry Experiment 8.3 Preparation o Insoluble Salts

Apparatus : Beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod,

flter unnel, retort stand and clamp.

Materials : 0.5 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,

1.0 mol dm–3 potassium iodide solution,

0.5 mol dm–3 potassium chromate(VI)

solution, 0.5 mol dm–3 barium nitrate

solution, 0.5 mol dm–3 sodium sulphatesolution, flter paper.

PEKA 5 Construction o Ionic Equations Using the Continuous Variation Method

Apparatus : Test tubes o same size, test tube rack,

burette, retort stand and clamp, ruler,

glass rod, dropper.

Materials : 0.5 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,

0.5 mol dm–3 potassium chromate(VI)

solution.

Inquiry

Experiment 8.4 Action o Heat on Carbonate andNitrate Salts

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, delivery

tube with a stopper, Bunsen burner,

spatula.

Materials : Copper(II) carbonate, calcium

carbonate, sodium carbonate,

zinc carbonate, lead(II) carbonate,

magnesium carbonate, copper(II)

nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate,

zinc nitrate, lead(II) nitrate, magnesium

nitrate, lime water, blue and red litmus

paper, wooden splinter.

Inquiry Experiment 8.5 Confrmatory Tests or Anions in

Aqueous Solutions

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, dropper.

Materials : 1 mol dm–3 sodium carbonate solution,

1 mol dm–3 sodium sulphate solution,

1 mol dm–3 sodium chloride solution,

1 mol dm–3 sodium nitrate solution,

2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, 2 mol dm–3

nitric acid, 1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid,

concentrated sulphuric acid, lime water,

1 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphate solution,

0.1 mol dm–3 silver nitrate solution,

1 mol dm–3 barium chloride solution.

Inquiry Experiment 8.6 Tests or Cations in Aqueous

Solutions

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack, dropper.

Materials : 1 mol dm–3 sodium nitrate solution,

1 mol dm–3 ammonium chloride

solution, 1 mol dm–3 calcium nitrate

solution, 1 mol dm–3 magnesium

nitrate solution, 1 mol dm–3 aluminiumnitrate solution, 1 mol dm–3 zinc nitrate

solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphate

solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(III) chloride

solution, 1 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate

solution, 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate

solution, 2 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide

solution, 2 mol dm–3 ammonia solution.

Inquiry Experiment 8.7 Confrmatory Tests or Ammonium

Ion, Iron(II) Ion, Iron(III) Ion and

Lead(II) Ion

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, dropper,Bunsen burner, wash bottle.

Materials : 2 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution,

Nessler’s reagent, 50 g dm–3 potassium

hexacyanoerrate(II) solution,

50 g dm–3 potassium

hexacyanoerrate(III) solution, 50 g dm

potassium thiocyanate solution,

0.5 mol dm–3 potassium iodide solution

1 mol dm–3 ammonium chloride

solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphate

solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(III) chloride

solution, 1 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate

solution, distilled water.

Inquiry Experiment 8.8 Identifcation o Cations and

Anions o Unknown Salts

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack, test tube

holder, 50 cm3 beaker, flter unnel,

spatula, dropper, delivery tube, Bunsen

burner, wash bottle.

Materials : 2 mol dm–3 nitric acid, 2 mol dm–3

hydrochloric acid, 1 mol dm–3 sulphuric

acid, 2 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide

solution, 2 mol dm–3 ammonia solution,

lime water, 0.5 mol dm–3 barium chlorid

solution, 0.1 mol dm–3 silver nitrate

solution, 0.5 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphatesolution, 0.5 mol dm–3 potassium iodide

solution, solid K1, wooden splinter,

litmus paper, flter paper, distilled

water, concentrated sulphuric acid.




Kimia Tingkatan

9

Inquiry Experiment 9.1 Preparation o Ammonium

Fertiliser

Apparatus : 25.0 cm3 pipette, pipette fller, 250 cm3

conical ask, burette, retort stand

and clamp, white tile, 250 cm3 beaker,

glass rod, flter unnel, Bunsen burner,

evaporating dish, tripod stand, wire

gauze.

Materials : 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid,

2.0 mol dm–3 ammonia solution, methyl

orange, flter paper, distilled water.

PEKA 6 Hardness o Pure Metal and Its All

Apparatus : Retort stand and clamp, 1-kg weight

metre rule, steel ball bearing.

Materials : Copper block, bronze block, celloph

tape, thread.

Guided

Experiment9.2 Rate o corrosion o iron, steel

and stainless steel

Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack.

Materials : Iron nail, steel nail, stainless steel n

jelly powder, sandpaper,

0.2 mol dm–3 potassium

hexacyanoerrate(III) solution, boilin

water.

material and appratus

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