material information for architects
DESCRIPTION
Presentation at VRA 2009 by Donna Kacmar, University of Houston, at the session on materials librariesTRANSCRIPT
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VRAToronto 2009
Material Information for Architects
Donna KacmarUniversity of Houston
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materialhistory
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process innovation
+
product innovation
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http://www.materia.nl/
+
www.transstudio.com/www.greenbuildingpages.com/press/Benchmarking/GBP2007CreditUpdate.htmwww.healthybuilding.net/news/061109pharos.htmlwww.healthybuilding.net/news/060629labelgame.htmlwww.pharosproject.net/www.localgreenmaterials.orgwww.core77.comwww.idsa.orgwww.matweb.comwww.ides.comwww.materialconnexion.com
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material explorations
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material research
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how do we select materials for a building?
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how do we select materials for a building?
visual characteristics+cost
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INTRINSIC PROPERTIES (remain constant)
properties that are inherent to the material and can be measuredmechanical + electrical + physical + chemical + thermal properties:strengthtoughnessconductivitydensityreactivity
EXTRINSIC PROPERTIES (vary depending on project, location)
properties that are dependant on context (time and place) of processing and applicationoptical propertiesacousticalcost (initial cost + life cycle cost)durabilitycultural value
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composition of material
the chemical and mineral content
from the chart
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VOC
volatile organic compounds
as a percentage or parts per million (ppm)
from the Material Safety Data Sheet or call manufacturer or product representative
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origin of raw materials
where (in the world) are the raw ingredients mined or removed from the earth?
locate on a map. how far away is that from the building site?
you will need a specific material or product to trace its exact path
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manufacturing process
how the raw material gets made into a finished product
how much energy is used?
how much water is used?
does the process pollute air or water?
does it harm the employees working at the manufacturing facility?
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energy used in manufacturing
cradle to gate
expressed as MJ per kg or BTU per ton
convert to BTU per sq. ft. of specified thickness for cladding materials
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Titanium430 MJ/kg
Polycarbonate86 MJ/kg
Float glass15.9 MJ/kg
Cypress2 MJ/kg
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Hammond, Geoffrey P. and Craig I. Jones, 2008. 'Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials', Proc. Instn Civil Engrs: Energy, 161 (2): 87-98
http://www.atypon-link.com/TELF/doi/abs/10.1680/ener.2008.161.2.87
https://wiki.bath.ac.uk/display/ICE/Home+Page
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energy used in transportation
gate to site = transportation method x transportation distance
RAIL: 344 BTU per ton-mileBOAT: 417 BTU per ton-mileTRUCK: 4,300 BTU per ton-milePLANE: 31,600 BTU per ton-mile
(2003 energy intensities )
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embodied energy
=
cradle to gate + gate to site
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embodied water
amount of water required in manufacturing process (including extraction of raw materials) L per kg
convert to gallons per sq. ft. of specified thickness
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weight
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per sq. ft. of specified thickness
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density
weight per unit of volume
pounds per cubic foot
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R value
insulation property of a material
(the higher the number the greater the insulative qualities)
U value: how well a material conducts heat
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compressive strength
ability of material to resist loads/force
pounds per square inch (psi)
metals are more elastic under loading
ceramics fail suddenly and unpredictably
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tensile strength
nominal stress at which the material, loaded in tension, separates
pounds per square inch (psi)
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sound transmission rating
how well a partition attenuates airborne sound
the decibel sound reduction the partition offers (dB)
STC rating
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UL Flame Spread rating
relative rate at which a flame will be spread in a material
Class A: 0- 25Class B: 26-75Class C: 76-200Class D: 201+
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recycled content%
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ability to be recycled
readilypossiblenot possible
or can material be reclaimed?
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electrical/magnetic
conductivity: ability to conduct electrical current
resistivity: ability to resist electrical current
magnetic properties
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coolness/warmth
thermal diffusivity: ability of a material to transfer heat in a nonsteady state condition
square metres per second
thermal conductivity: ability of a material to transfer heat in a steady state condition
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history of material
from discovery to now
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precedents
in use in buildings or products
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life expectancy (durability)
in years
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cost
per sq. ft. of specified thickness
for material cost only
for material + labor?
for place it will be installed
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standard sizes
maximum sizes
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architectural specifications
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CONTACT US
Trespa North America Ltd.
12267 Crosthwaite CirclePoway, CA 92064USAPhone: (800) 487-3772Fax:(858) [email protected]
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material library
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ceramics
glass
concrete
other masonry
wood
metal
polymers
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COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DATABASEINTRINSIC PROPERTIES (remain constant)properties that are inherent to the material and can be measuredmechanical + electrical + physical + chemical + thermal properties:strengthtoughnessconductivitydensityreactivity
SCHOOL SPECIFIC RESEARCH DATABASE + MATERIAL LIBRARYEXTRINSIC PROPERTIES (vary depending on project, location)properties that are dependant on context (time and place) of processing and applicationoptical propertiesacousticalcost (initial cost + life cycle cost)durabilitycultural value
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COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DATABASEproperties that are inherent to the material and can be measuredComposition of materialsRecycled contentRecyclabilityWeightDensityR-valueSound transmission valueUL Flame spread ratingVOC ContentEmbodied energy: cradle to gateHosting of database
SCHOOL SPECIFIC RESEARCH DATABASE + MATERIAL LIBRARYproperties that are dependant on context (time and place) of processing and applicationCost (initial cost + life cycle cost)DurabilityEmbodied energy: gate to sitePhysical samples
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POTENTIAL COLLABORATORS
VRAAIAUSGBCACSANCARB
UniversitiesProfessional ArchitectsDesigners