Materials And Construction TechnologyMaterials And Construction Technology

PALESTINE UNIVERSITY PALESTINE UNIVERSITY

Chapter No.#8Chapter No.#8

Mechanical WorksMechanical Works

Dr. Ali Ibrahim Tayeh Dr. Ali Ibrahim Tayeh

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS General General

Mechanical works must have high control in order to Mechanical works must have high control in order to prevent any damage.prevent any damage.

Because its problem appear after some times.Because its problem appear after some times.

All life on Earth depends on water. Human uses include All life on Earth depends on water. Human uses include drinking, bathing, crop irrigation, electricity generation, and drinking, bathing, crop irrigation, electricity generation, and industrial activity.industrial activity.For some of these uses the available water is not clean enough For some of these uses the available water is not clean enough and requires treatment prior to use. Over the last century, the and requires treatment prior to use. Over the last century, the primary goals of water treatment have remained the same – to primary goals of water treatment have remained the same – to produce water that is biologically and chemically safe, is produce water that is biologically and chemically safe, is appealing to consumers, and is non-corrosive and non-scaling.appealing to consumers, and is non-corrosive and non-scaling.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS considerations considerations

We should take in our considerations Bath room accessories distribution

Accessories (such as grab bars, paper towel Accessories (such as grab bars, paper towel

dispenser, seat cover dispenser, toilet tissue dispenser, seat cover dispenser, toilet tissue

dispenser, soap dispenser, hand dryer, etc.) should dispenser, soap dispenser, hand dryer, etc.) should

not be appeared by doors.not be appeared by doors.

Bath room accessories distribution depend on Bath room accessories distribution depend on

accessories dimensionsaccessories dimensions

Structural factors pipes must be taken in consecration when we pipes must be taken in consecration when we design structural element for buildings as drop design structural element for buildings as drop beams.beams.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS considerationsconsiderations

water pipes must be prevented to locate near water pipes must be prevented to locate near

to footings or in the middle of buildingsto footings or in the middle of buildings.Collector boxes

Collector boxes must be located in a suitable Collector boxes must be located in a suitable

place enable the human move with more place enable the human move with more

friability in order to be easier maintenance friability in order to be easier maintenance

and easier insulationand easier insulation.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS considerationsconsiderations

Fresh water and waste water pipes must check it after installed it .

It is preferred to control any supplier by water switch.

To prevent leakage losses or to make high control and easy maintenance.

It is preferred to use a good kind of switch to prevent water leakage and brokenness.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS ValvesValves

All valves shall be installed so that they are All valves shall be installed so that they are accessible for inspection and maintenance, accessible for inspection and maintenance,

and are fully operable.and are fully operable. Air vents shall be located at highest points in Air vents shall be located at highest points in

the lines.the lines. No joints shall be made within walls, floors No joints shall be made within walls, floors

or ceiling thickness, or in inaccessible or ceiling thickness, or in inaccessible positions.positions.

Drain valves shall be provided at the bottom Drain valves shall be provided at the bottom of every riser and on the outlet side of branch of every riser and on the outlet side of branch

isolating valves, and at all low undeniable isolating valves, and at all low undeniable points.points.

2-Piece, Full Port,Brass Ball Valves Stop Valves With Threaded

Ends

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS TestingTesting

The domestic hot and cold water service pipe work shall be The domestic hot and cold water service pipe work shall be

tested with potable water to a pressure of 1 1/2 times the tested with potable water to a pressure of 1 1/2 times the

working head and maintained for two hours without further working head and maintained for two hours without further

application of pressure, and without visible leakage or drop in application of pressure, and without visible leakage or drop in

indicated pressure.indicated pressure.

In the event of the failure of any test the defect shall be In the event of the failure of any test the defect shall be

located and repaired, and the test repeated.located and repaired, and the test repeated.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS TestingTesting

All pipe work shall be hydraulically tested as soon as is All pipe work shall be hydraulically tested as soon as is practicable after installation and before completion of shaft practicable after installation and before completion of shaft walls, access panels, suspended ceilings and application of walls, access panels, suspended ceilings and application of

insulation.insulation.The pipe work shall be inspected and hydraulically tested to The pipe work shall be inspected and hydraulically tested to

not less than 1 1/2 times the working pressure whichever is not less than 1 1/2 times the working pressure whichever is greater. The test shall be maintained for 2 hours without greater. The test shall be maintained for 2 hours without

further application of pressure and without visible leakage or further application of pressure and without visible leakage or drop in indicated pressure.drop in indicated pressure.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Pipe SleevesPipe Sleeves

Where pipes pass through floors or walls, Where pipes pass through floors or walls, compatible pipe sleeves shall be supplied. Unless compatible pipe sleeves shall be supplied. Unless

otherwise stated pipe sleeves shall be sized to provide otherwise stated pipe sleeves shall be sized to provide 15 mm clearance around the pipe to be installed or, 15 mm clearance around the pipe to be installed or,

where the pipe is to be thermally insulated or where the pipe is to be thermally insulated or otherwise covered, 15 mm clearance around the otherwise covered, 15 mm clearance around the surface covering in order that the sleeve may be surface covering in order that the sleeve may be

packed and sealed with mineral or glass wool sealed packed and sealed with mineral or glass wool sealed at both ends with water and fire retardant mastic. at both ends with water and fire retardant mastic.

Particular attention should be given to necessary fire-Particular attention should be given to necessary fire-stop approval materials.stop approval materials.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Pipe SleevesPipe Sleeves

Sleeves shall be of the same material as the piping Sleeves shall be of the same material as the piping and shall be cut to the correct required length at and shall be cut to the correct required length at

site with due allowance for the thickness of plaster site with due allowance for the thickness of plaster and/or other finishes.and/or other finishes.

Water protecting pipe sleeves through floors shall Water protecting pipe sleeves through floors shall be supplied and fixed in the following locations:be supplied and fixed in the following locations:

in floors provided with a waterproof in floors provided with a waterproof membranemembrane

in plant roomsin plant rooms in kitchen areasin kitchen areas

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Drainage SystemDrainage System

This system shall be installed to collect the foul This system shall be installed to collect the foul drainage from sanitary and waste water items and drainage from sanitary and waste water items and

convey this effluent to the external authority convey this effluent to the external authority sewers. Also this system shall cover the storm sewers. Also this system shall cover the storm

water (rain water) drainage .water (rain water) drainage . Drainage water can be grouped to three group:Drainage water can be grouped to three group:

Clean water Clean water Rain waterRain water

waste waterwaste water

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Drainage SystemDrainage System

Drainage water coming to its manholes by gravity Drainage water coming to its manholes by gravity generally generally

Some times we used pumps in order to getting water to Some times we used pumps in order to getting water to manholes ,in this case the reason to use pump is:manholes ,in this case the reason to use pump is:

Difference of level Difference of level This happen if the lowest level of pipes is This happen if the lowest level of pipes is

lower than the bottom level of manholes, so we use pump lower than the bottom level of manholes, so we use pump to come over this problem and getting the water out.to come over this problem and getting the water out.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Drainage SystemDrainage System

Huge quantities

Some times huge quantities of water cause discharge problem , so we use pump to come over this problem and getting

the water out.

Water distribution systems carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers’ taps. These systems consist of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenancesThe type and age of the pipes that make up water distribution systems range from cast iron pipes installed during the late 19th century to ductile iron pipe and finally to plastic pipes introduced in the 1970s and beyond.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Water supply distributionsWater supply distributions

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS

Water supply distributionsWater supply distributions

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Roof isolationRoof isolation

Roof isolation To check roof isolation we must close all

sewage or rain water pipe opening then pump a big water quantities to special datum and

observe the change of water level with respect to datum level

Piping requiring to be thermally insulated or otherwise covered shall be so fixed as to

permit the application of the covering around the full circumference and also leave

adequate space between covered pipes.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS ELEVATORELEVATOR

ELEVATORThere are General spas faction should be taken in our

consideration in order to get more safe elevators as: Driving system.

Capacity (LOAD). Power supply.

Motor capacity. Stops and saftey.

Travel Rate speed.

Door systems. Door size. Car Size.

Hoist way Size.

MECHANICAL WORKSMECHANICAL WORKS

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