matter and its interactions€¦ · i can define physical change and give examples of physical...
TRANSCRIPT
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MatterandItsInteractions
PhysicalScience/Grade5Thisunitexploresappropriatescientificequipmentuse,theconceptofmatterandthe3formsthatitcantake(solid,liquid,andgas)aswellasthechemicalandphysicalreactionsthatallowforphasechangesandothertransformations.ThisunitalsointroducestheLawofConservationofMass,aswellasqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis.Throughoutthecourseofthisunit,studentswillencounternewvocabularyandscientificprinciplesthathelptoformthebasisforfurtherscientificthoughtandinquiry.Thelessonsofthisunitincorporatehands-onexperiments,theuseoftechnology,respondingtojournalprompts,recordingdata,anddiscussionswithpeersandteachersinordertofacilitatethelearningexperience.
AuthorsJeanBacon,AdministratorforTeachingandLearning,NorthAdamsPublicSchoolsLindsayOsterhoudt,ScienceCoordinator,NorthAdamsPublicSchoolsLisaTanner,Grade5Math/ScienceTeacher,NorthAdamsPublicSchoolsVeronicaGould,Undeclaredmajor,WilliamsCollegeCindyLe,AsianStudiesandEconomicsmajor,WilliamsCollegeKatieSwoap,Undeclaredmajor,WilliamsCollegeDvividTrivedi,Economicsmajor,WilliamsCollegeRevisions,June2015GregFerland,Mathematicsmajor,WilliamsCollegeMichaelSmith,ElementaryEducationandEnglishLiteraturemajor,MassachusettsCollegeofLiberalArts
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License/CopyrightInformationThiscurriculumunitislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0
(CCBY-NC-SA3.0). Pleaseseethefulltextofthislicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)toviewallrightsandrestrictionsassociatedwithit.ThisunitwasdevelopedbythewithfundingfromtheNationalScienceFoundationGrantNo.1432591Underthislicense,youarefree:toShare—tocopy,distributeandtransmittheworktoRemix—toadapttheworkandincorporateitintoyourownpracticeUnderthefollowingconditions:Attribution—Youmustattributetheworkinthemannerspecifiedas“TeachtoLearnAttribution”below.Youcannotattributetheworkinanymannerthatsuggeststheprogramorstaffendorsesyouoryouruseofthework.Noncommercial—Youmaynotusethisworkforcommercialpurposes.ShareAlike—Ifyoualter,transform,orbuilduponthiswork,youmaydistributetheresultingworkonlyunderthesameCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0license(CCBY-NC-SA3.0).TeachtoLearn’sAttribution:©2016TeachtoLearn.Allrightsreserved.Translations:Ifyoucreatetranslatedversionsofthismaterial(incompliancewiththislicense),pleasenotifyprincipalinvestigator,[email protected]/orlinktosuchtranslatedversions(eitherasis,orasfurthermodifiedbyTeachtoLearn)
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TableofContentsUnitPlanTieredVocabularyLesson1:TheWho,What,When,Where,Why&HowofBeingaScientist:LessonLesson2:MatterIsEverywhere:LessonLesson3:ModelingMatter:Lesson4:WhoPassedtheGas?Lesson5:PhysicalChanges:Lesson6:ChemicalChanges:Lesson7:Solutions,SuspensionsandSeparatingMixtures:Lesson8:IntroductiontoQualitativeAnalysis:LessonLesson9:ElectricalandThermalConductivity:Lesson10:ConservationofMass,Part1Lesson11:ConservationofMass,Part2UnitResources
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UNITPLANStage1DesiredResults
5-LS2-1.Developamodelofafoodwebtodescribethemovementofmatteramongproducers,primaryandsecondaryconsumers,decomposers,andtheairandsoilintheenvironment:a.showthatplantsproducesugarsandplantmaterials;b.showthatsomeanimalseatplantsforfoodandotheranimalseattheanimalsthateatplants;andc.showthatsomeorganisms,includingfungiandbacteria,breakdowndeadorganismsandrecyclesomematerialsbacktotheairandsoil.[ClarificationStatement:Emphasisisonmattermovingthroughouttheecosystem.Wasteincludesmatterintheformofgasses(suchasair),liquids(suchaswater),orsolids(suchasmineralsornutrients).][AssessmentBoundary:Assessmentdoesnotincludemolecularexplanations.]5-PS3-1.Useamodeltodescribethatthefoodanimalsdigest:a.containsenergythatwasonceenergyfromthesun,andb.providesenergyandmaterialsforbodyrepair,growth,motion,bodywarmth,
MeaningUNDERSTANDINGS UStudentswillunderstandthat● Matterofanytypecanbesubdividedintoparticlesthataretoosmalltosee,buteventhenthematterstillexistsandcanbedetectedbyothermeans.Amodelshowsthatgasesaremadefromparticlesthataretoosmalltoseeandaremovingfreelyaroundinspacecanexplainmanyobservations,includingtheinflationandshapeofaballoon;theeffectsofaironlargerparticlesorobjects.(5-PS1-1)
● Theamount(weight)ofmatterisconservedwhenitchangesform,evenintransitionsinwhichitseemstovanish.(5-PS1-2)
ESSENTIALQUESTIONS Q• Whatstructuresallowplantsand
animalstosurvive?• Whyarethesestructuresimportant,
andhowdidtheyaideinsurvival?
StudentLearningTargetsBytheendofthisunit,studentswillbeabletosay:
● Icanfollowrulesforsafeandappropriateuseofscientifictools● Icanidentifythefollowingtoolsandthepurposeofeach:microscope,scale,thermometer,beaker,andhandlens.
● Icansummarizeanarticleaboutmatter.
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andreproduction.[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofmodelscouldincludediagramsandflowcharts.][AssessmentBoundary:Detailsofphotosynthesisorrespirationarenotexpected.]5-LS1-1.Supportanargumentwithevidencethatplantsgetthematerialstheyneedforgrowthandreproductionchieflythroughaprocessinwhichtheyuseair,water,andenergyfromthesuntoproducesugarsandplantmaterials.[AssessmentBoundary:Thechemicalformulaordetailsabouttheprocessofphotosynthesisisnotexpected.3-5LS-2Identifythestructuresinplants(leaves,roots,flowers,stem,bark,wood)thatareresponsibleforfoodproduction,support,watertransport,reproduction,growth,andprotection.3-5LS.11Describehowenergyderivedfromthesunisusedbyplantstoproducesugars(photosynthesis)andistransferredwithinafoodchainfromproducers(plants)toconsumerstodecomposers.
● Icanrestatekeypointsfromanarticle.● Icanidentifyevidencethatsupportsthemainideaofthetext.● Icandefinematterandgiveexamplesofbothmatterandnon-matter.● Icandescribethethreephasesofmatter(solid,liquid,orgas)andgiveexamplesofeach.
● Icanlabeldrawingsofdifferentphasesofmatterbyitspropertiesofshapeandvolume.
● Icanusethetermsmelting,evaporating,condensing,andfreezingtodescribephasechanges
● Icandescribephasechangesintermsofheatgainorheatloss.● Icandefineanddescribethecharacteristicsofgases.● Icandifferentiatethecharacteristicsofgasesfromthoseofliquidsandsolids.● Icanobserveanddescribephenomenainvolvinggasesandusethesetocreateamodelofagas.
● Icandefinephysicalchangeandgiveexamplesofphysicalchanges.● Icandifferentiatebetweenasolution,asuspension,andamixture.● Icanrecordobservationsandusethoseobservationstovalidate,orrefute,predictions.
● Icanformconclusionsaboutdifferenttypesofchemicalchangestomatter.● Icandifferentiatebetweenphysicalandchemicalchangestomatter.● Icanidentify,define,anddescribethecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofmatter.
● Icanutilizethecharacteristicsofmattertocompareandcontrastdifferenttypesofmatter.
● Icandefineanddescribethecharacteristicsofthedifferentstatesofmatter.● IcandescribeandapplytheLawofConservationofMass.
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ELAReadingStandard2.Determineoneormoremainideasofatextandexplainhowtheyaresupportedbykeydetails;summarizeatext.ELAWritingStandard:1 Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,
supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.a. Introduceatopicortextclearly,
stateanopinion,andcreateanorganizationalstructureinwhichideasarelogicallygroupedinparagraphsandsectionstosupportthewriter’spurpose.
b. Providelogicallyorderedreasonsthataresupportedbyfactsanddetails.
ELAWritingStandard(2017)3. Writenarrativesinproseorpoemform
todevelopexperiencesoreventsusingeffectiveliterarytechniques,descriptivedetails,andclearsequences.d.Useconcretewordsandphrasesandsensorydetailstoconveyexperiencesoreventsprecisely.
● Icanmeasurequantitativepropertiesofmatterincludingthermalconductivity,electricalconductivity,responsetomagneticforces,andsolubility.
● Icandistinguishdifferentstatesofmatterbytheircharacteristics.● Icanusethecharacteristicsofmattertoseparatematterinmixtures.
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Stage2–EvidenceEvaluativeCriteria AssessmentEvidence
TheprocedureoftheCEPAis:● ReviewLesson8:QualitativeAnalysis.● Reviewthesubstancesexploredthroughoutthecourseoftheunit.● Breaktheclassintogroupsof3students.● DistributetheCEPAhandout.● Explainthateachgroupwillbegivenanunknownsubstanceandthattheymust
usethequalitativemethodslearnedinLesson8,aswellasthroughoutthecourseoftheunit,topredict,observe,andconcludewhattheythinktheirsubstanceis.
● Thesubstances(bakingsoda,chalkdust,salt,wax,orflour)willthenbedistributedinbagslabeledA-E(respectively).
● ThestudentswillhaveaccesstoalltheequipmentusedinLesson8.● Thestudentswillrecordtheirobservationsusingtextorillustrations,andafter thehavefinishedtheirexaminations,willprepareapresentationbasedonthose observationsusingapieceofchartpaper.
● Thegroupswillsharetheirdata,predictions,observations,andconclusionswith theclass.
● ThegroupswillbegradedbasedontheCEPArubric.● Theposterscanbehungthroughouttheclassroomorhallwaytoexemplify
studentwork.
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OtherAssessments StudentswillbeassessedontheirresponsestothevariousScienceJournalprompts,the“exitticket”activities,theattachedworksheets,andparticipationinclassdiscussionsandactivities.
Stage3LearningPlan
Lesson1:TheWho,What,When,Where,Why&HowofBeingaScientist:Studentswillstudythepracticesofeffectivescientistsandreviewtheeightscientificpractices.TheshortYouTuberapvideo“HowtobeaScientist”alsoemphasizesimportantscientificpracticessuchascuriosityandkeenobservation.Thislessonalsogivesanintroductiontosomescientifictoolsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheunitandhowtouseeachtoolappropriatelyandsafely.Lesson2:MatterIsEverywhere:Theclassroomteacherwillteachthislessonasanintroductiontotheunit.Thestudentswillactivatepriorknowledgebycompletingthelessonopening,inwhichtheydiscusswhattheybelieve“matter”tobeasaclass,creatingaworkingdefinitionforthisvocabularyterm.Thestudentswillbeintroducedtothevocabularyandthenwillbebrokenupinto“homegroups”of4studentstocompleteajigsawactivitywiththeprovidedarticle.Eachmemberofthegroupwillberesponsibleforreading1sectionofthearticlewiththemembersoftheothergroupsreadingthesamepassage.Thestudentswillworktogethertogathercontextualdefinitionsforthevocabularyandthenwill“teach”theothermembersoftheir“homegroup”aboutthesectionofthearticlethattheyreadbeforepresentinganoverallsummarytotheclassasawhole.Thissummaryandtherelateddefinitionswillbeusedtosynthesizeaclasswidesummaryandavocabularychartthatwillbehungonthewallthroughouttheremainderofthisunit.Lesson3:ModelingMatter:Studentswilllearnaboutthethreephasesofmatterandhowmattercanchangefromonephasetoanother.Akinestheticactivity,inthesecondhalfofthelesson,helpsstudentstounderstandthedifferentphasesofmatterbybehavinglikeparticlesofmatterthemselves.
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Lesson4:WhoPassedtheGas?Thislessonreviewsthecreationofmodelsrepresentingthethreestatesofmatter(solid,liquid,gas)andexploresthecharacteristicsofgasesthroughexperimentsinvolvingdryice.Thestudentsarecontinuallyaskedtomakepredictionsthroughoutthecourseofthislessoninordertofurthertheirunderstandingofkeyconceptssuchasdiffusion,volume,anddensity,aswellastouchinguponothervocabularysuchassublimation.Thislessonalsoincludesapossibleliteracyextensionthatcanbecompletedbytheclassroomteachertofurtherstudentcomprehensionandretention.Thislessonhastwopossiblebreakpoints(dividingthelessonintothreeclassperiods)tobeutilizedasdeemedappropriatebyindividualclassroomteachersduetopossibletimeconstraints.Lesson5:PhysicalChanges:Thislessonrequiresexperimentalstationsthatmustbepreparedaheadoftime.Inthislessonstudentswillinvestigatephysicalchangesthroughaseriesofexperimentsanddemonstrations.Thedifferenttypesofphysicalchangesthatappearinthelessonarechangesinshape/size,solutions,suspensions,mixtures,andphasechanges.Lesson6:ChemicalChanges:Thislessonwillbeginwithareviewofphysicalchangesaswellasthethreetypesofmatter(solids,liquids,andgases).TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthendemonstrateachemicalchangeusingbakingsoda,vinegar,aflask,andaballoonbeforediscussingstudentobservationsanddemonstratingtheproceduresforthe4stations.Thestudentswillthencompletethechangesateachofthe4stationsingroupsandwillrecordtheirpredictions,observations,andconclusionsontheprovideddatasheetbeforediscussingtheirfindingsasaclassandcompletingtheexitticketactivity.Lesson7:Solutions,SuspensionsandSeparatingMixtures:Thislessonrequiresdemonstrationsthatneedtobepreparedaheadoftime.Studentswillinvestigateuniquepropertiesofmatterinmixturesandusethosepropertiestoseparatethemixtures.Lesson8:IntroductiontoQualitativeAnalysis:Thislessonwillintroducestudentstotheconceptofqualitativeanalysisthroughhands-onactivitiesandobservations.Thevocabularyforthislessonwillbepre-taught,andthestudentswillusetheirobservationalskillstofirstseparateandclassifyajarofpebblesbeforemovingonto5“unknown”substances.Studentswillexaminethe5substancesusingcolor,hardness,andreflectivityinordertocreateaclaimaboutwhateachsubstanceis.Studentswillalsodiscussthedifferencesbetween
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qualitativeandquantitativeanalysisandthepositiveandnegativeaspectsofqualitativeanalysis.ThislessondirectlyrelatestotheCEPAsoensurestudentscomprehendtheinformationbeforeproceedingontolesson9.
Lesson9:ElectricalandThermalConductivity:Thislessonrequiresmaterialsthatmustbepreparedaheadoftime.Studentswillobservequantitativecharacteristicsofmatterthroughaseriesofexperimentsanddemonstrations.Thepropertiestobestudiedareelectricalconductivity,thermalconductivity,responsetomagneticforces,andsolubility.Thelessonwillconcludewithabriefdiscussionoferrorinmeasurementduringexperiments.
Lesson10:ConservationofMass,Part1:Studentswillbeginthislessonbydrawingmolecularmodelsofsolids,liquids,andgases.TheywillalsobeintroducedtotheLawofConservationofMassandwilltestthislawusingwaterinitsvariousforms(ice,water,andwatervapor).Thestudentswillexperimentwiththemeltingoficeandwillwatchavideodescribingevaporationandcondensation.Thislessonwillprovidethefoundationofscientificknowledgenecessaryforthenextlessonofthisunit.Lesson11:ConservationofMass,Part2:Studentswillbeginthislessonbyparticipatinginahands-onactivitywithmodelingclaythatexemplifieshowtheLawofConservationofMassappliestomixturesaswellastowhatwaslearnedinthepreviouslesson.ThestudentswillthenproceedtowatchavideobeforecompletinganexperimentinwhichtheyweighwaterandKool-Aidindividuallybeforeweighingthemixture(theywillcompletethisexperimentwithsaltafter).Thislessonallowsstudentsmoreopportunitytopracticepredicting,observing,andconcludingandwillfurthertheirmasterywithunderstandingandapplyingtheLawofConservationofMass.
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TieredVocabularyListTierOne TierTwo TierThree
MeasureLiquidSolidMeltingFreezingSolidLiquidGasTemperatureBoilingWeight
ScaleMatterEvaporateCondenseVolumeReactionEvaporationReflectivityMassProperties
ThermometerBeakerHandLensParticlesDiffusionMohsScaleAtomMassMoleculeVolumePhase/statePhaseChangeSublimationDensityMixtureSolutionSuspensionChemicalChangeFiltrationLusterQuantitativeQualitativeConductivitySolubility“LawofConservationofMass”Proximity
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Lesson1:TheWho,What,When,
Where,Why&HowofBeingaScientistTaughtbytheClassroomTeacher
BACKGROUNDOverviewofLessonStudentswillstudythepracticesofeffectivescientistsandreviewtheeightscientificpractices.TheshortYouTuberapvideo,“HowtobeaScientist”alsoemphasizesimportantscientificpracticessuchascuriosityandkeenobservation.Thislessonalsogivesanintroductiontosomescientifictoolsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheunitandhowtouseeachtoolappropriatelyandsafely.FocusStandard(s)3-5.TE.1.2Identifyandexplaintheappropriatematerialsandtoolstoconstructagivenprototypesafely.ELAReadingStandard(2017)2.Determineoneormoremainideasofatextandexplainhowtheyaresupportedbykeydetails;summarizeatext.ELAWritingStandard(2017)1.Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.StudentLearningTargets
• Establishrulesforsafeandappropriateuseofscientifictools.
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• Identifythefollowingtoolsandthepurposeofeach:microscope,scale,thermometer,beaker,andhandlens.AssessmentHavethestudentsrespondtooneormoreofthefollowingquestionsintheirsciencejournals:
• Whatmakesaneffectivescientist?• Chooseascientificpracticeandgiveaconcreteexampleofthatpractice.• Chooseascientifictool;describeasituationinwhichascientistappropriatelyandsafelyusesthattool.
TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:MeasureTier2:ScaleTier3:Thermometer,Beaker,Handlens
RESOURCESANDMATERIALS
Quantity Item Source1 Scale Bin1 Thermometer Bin1 Beakers Bin1 HandLens Bin1perstudent ScienceJournals ClassroomTeacher1 Projector ClassroomTeacher**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/ActivatorBeginwithaclassdiscussionofatleastoneofthefollowingquestions:Whatdoscientistsdo?Whatdoesascientistlooklike?Whatmakesaneffectivescientist?Feelfreetoaddmorequestionsifneeded.Thenwatch“HowtobeaScientist”YouTuberapvideoasaclasshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwvOCTdIaSE.Discusswhatitmeanstobeascientist.Whocanbeascientist?Howcanyou“thinklikeascientist?”Doyouneedfancytoolstobeascientist?Emphasizethatqualitieslikecuriosity,open-mindedness,andformingargumentsbasedonevidencearewhatmakeascientist.NOTE:Besurestudentsunderstandanybodycanbeascientist:female,male,etc.Thereisno“rightperson”—scienceisonlyaboutaskingquestionsandfindinganswerstothemintheworldaroundus.DuringtheLesson
1. Reintroducethestudentstotheeightscientificpractices.Brieflyexplainwhateachpracticemeansandwhyitisimportant.Canaskstudentswhichpracticesarereflectedinthe“HowtobeaScientist”video.Displaytheposteroftheeightscientificpracticesprominentlyintheclassroom.
The8ScientificPractices1.Askquestionsanddefineproblems2.Developandusemodels3.Planandcarryoutinvestigations4.Analyzeandinterpretdata5.Usemathematicsandcomputationalthinking6.Constructexplanations(forscience)anddesignsolutions(forengineering)7.Engageinargumentfromevidence8.Obtain,evaluate,andcommunicateinformation
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2. Establishasetofsafetyguidelinesforclassroomexperimentsandappropriateuseoftools.Usethelabsafetychecklistattachedtotheendofthislessonplanasabasisfortheclassroomguidelines.Considerhavingtheclasssignacontractorpledgethattheywillabidebythesafetyguidelines.
Someexampleguidelinesmayinclude(FromMassachusettsDOEScienceandTechnology/EngineeringCurriculumFramework,October2006,pp.128-129):
• Alwaysusetoolsonaclean,flatsurface(i.e.table)• Nevereatordrinkduringscienceexperiments• Nevereatordrinkmaterials/toolsusedinexperiments• ReportallaccidentstotheClassroomTeacherimmediately• Donottouchtools/materialswithoutthepermissionofateacherorsciencefellow• Onlyusetools/materialsfortheirintendedpurpose• Carrymicroscopeswithonehandonthebaseandonehandonthearm• Alwayswashhandsbeforeandafteranexperiment• Cleanupworkspaceafteryou’redone
3. Presentthefollowingscientifictoolstotheclass:scale,thermometer,beaker,andhandlens.Demonstrateappropriate
useofeachtool,andthenhavethestudentsmodelappropriateuseofeachtool.Tellthestudentstheywillbeusingthesetoolsthroughoutthematterunit.Youmayusetheattachedpicturesofeachtoolasposterstohangintheclassroom.
4. Introducethedistinctionbetweenqualitativeandquantitativemeasurement.Explainthattoolssuchasthehandlenscanbeusedtomakequalitativemeasurementsbasedonobservablecharacteristics(color,texture,sizedescriptions,etc.).Toolssuchasthescaleandthermometerprovidequantitativemeasurementsbygivinganexactnumberthatcanbeassociatedwithanobject(weightortemperature,inthiscase).
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5. Tellstudentsthatineachlessontheywillbediscoveringanswerstotheunit’sessentialquestion.Postthequestiononlargechartpaperandhavestudentsthink,pair,shareresponses:Howdoesmatterchange?
6. Addtheideastothelargechart,towhichyouwillreturnoverthecourseoftheunitstoreviewandrevise.
7. Letthestudentsknowtheywillbestudyingthefollowingtopicsinthematterunit.Perhapshavethempastethegraphicorganizerbelowintotheirsciencejournals.
AssessmentHavethestudentsrespondtooneormoreofthefollowingquestionsintheirsciencejournals:
• Whatmakesaneffectivescientist?• Chooseascientificpracticeandgiveaconcreteexampleofthatpractice.• Chooseascientifictooldescribeitsuse.
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Lesson2:MatterisEverywhereTaughtbytheClassroomTeacher
BACKGROUNDOverviewofLessonTheclassroomteacherwillteachthislessonasanintroductiontotheunit.Thestudentswillactivatepriorknowledgebycompletingthelessonopening,inwhichtheydiscusswhattheybelieve“matter”tobeasaclass,creatingaworkingdefinitionforthisvocabularyterm.Thestudentswillbeintroducedtothevocabularyandthenwillbebrokenupinto“homegroups”offourstudentstocompleteajigsawactivitywiththeprovidedarticle.Eachmemberofthegroupwillberesponsibleforreadingonesectionofthearticlewiththemembersoftheothergroupsreadingthesamepassage.Thestudentswillworktogethertogathercontextualdefinitionsforthevocabularyandthenwill“teach”theothermembersoftheir“homegroup”aboutthesectionofthearticlethattheyreadbeforepresentinganoverallsummarytotheclassasawhole.Thissummaryandtherelateddefinitionswillbeusedtosynthesizeaclasswidesummaryandavocabularychartthatwillbehungonthewallthroughouttheremainderofthisunit.FocusStandard(s)5.RI.1Quoteaccuratelyfromatextwhenexplainingwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyandwhendrawinginferencesfromthetext5.RI.2Determinetwoormoremainideasofatextandexplainhowtheyaresupportedbykeydetails;summarizethetext
5.RI.8Explainhowanauthorusesreasonsandevidencetosupportparticularpointsinatext,identifyingwhichreasonsandevidencesupportwhichpoint(s).
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StudentLearningTargets• Icansummarizeanarticleaboutmatter.• Icanrestatekeypointsfromanarticle.• Icanidentifyevidencethatsupportsthemainideaofthetext.
AssessmentAftercompletingthejigsawactivity,havethestudentsrespondtothefollowingassessmentquestionintheirScienceJournals:
• Whatismatter?Useevidencefromthearticletosupportyouranswer.[SP7-EngaginginArgumentfromEvidence].Thestudentswillthenrespondtothe10questionsfoundattheendofthearticle(intheirScienceJournals).Theseresponsescanbesharedasaclassifthereistime.TheteacherwillcollecttheScienceJournalsattheendofthislessonforassessment.
AcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:Liquid,SolidTier2:MatterTier3:Particles,Diffusion,MohsScale,Atom
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RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher1perstudent MatterisEverywhereArticleandQuestions Binder1pergroup Chartpaper ClassroomTeacher
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**LessonOpening/ActivatorThestudentswillbeginthislessonbybreakingintopairsanddiscussingwhattheythinktheword“matter”means(basedonpreviouslearningandopinions)withtheirpartner.Theclasswillthenregroupanddiscussthevariousideasthatwerediscussed,withtheteacherlistingpossibledefinitionsonthewhiteboard.Theclasswilldecidewhichdefinitiontheybelieveisthemostaccurate.Theteacherwillguidethisdiscussioninordertotouchonimportantconceptsrelatedto“matter”andtoensuretheaccuracyandeffectivenessofthisopeningactivity.DuringtheLessonIntroducethefollowingvocabularytermsfromthearticlebywritingeachwordontheboard.Makesureeachstudentcanreadthewords.Explaintothestudentsthattheywillcreateworkingdefinitionsthroughoutthecourseoftheirreadingusingcontextualcluesandthenwillworkwiththerestoftheclasstowritethecorrectdefinitionforeachvocabularyword.
• Mohshardnessscale• Liquid
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• Gaseous• Solid• Matter• Particle• Atom• Diffusion
1. Breakthestudentsintogroupsoffour(“homegroups”)andassigneachmemberofthegroupwithanumber(1-4).
Explainthateachmemberofthegroupwillberesponsibleforreading1sectionofthearticlecorrespondingwiththeirassignednumber(1readstheintroduction,2readsthesectionentitled“HowDoWeKnow?”,etc…)andtheyshouldwritedownthevocabularywordsthatappearintheirsection,aswellaswhattheythinkthedefinitionofthosewordsarebasedoncontextualcluesandpriorknowledge.
2. Havethestudentsmovetodifferentlocationsoftheclassroombasedontheirnumberandallowthemtocompletethe
readingwiththeirpeers.Theywillthendiscussthereadingwiththosepeerstoinsurecomprehensionbeforeregroupingintotheir“homegroups”and“teaching”theothermembersoftheir“homegroups”aboutwhattheyreadandthevocabularytheycameacross.
3. The“homegroups”willthensynthesizeacompletesummaryofthearticlebasedontheircombinedreadingsandwill
writethissummaryonapieceofchartpaper.Theywillincludethepreviouslymentionedlistofvocabularyonthischartpaper,aswellastheircontextualdefinitionsforthesewords.Thegroupswillthenpresenttheirsummaryanddefinitionstotheclassandwillhangtheirposternearthewhiteboardfortheremainderofthislesson.[SP8-Obtaining,Evaluating,andCommunicatingInformation]
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4. Theclasswillthenworkasawholetocreateacomprehensivesummaryofthereading,andwilldiscussthevarious
contextualdefinitionsoftheprovidedvocabulary(withtheteacherprovidingguidanceandinformationasnecessary)inordertocreateworkingclassroomdefinitionstobeusedthroughoutthecourseofthisunit.Thisvocabulary(andthecorrespondingdefinitions)willthenbewrittenonapieceofchartpaperandhungonthewallthroughouttheremainderofthisunittoprovideguidancetothestudentsasnecessary.[SP8-Obtaining,Evaluating,andCommunicatingInformation]Doasaclassbutmaybeaddanexittickettoseewhatthekidslearnindividually
AssessmentAftercompletingthejigsawactivity,havethestudentsrespondtothefollowingassessmentquestionintheirScienceJournals:
• Whatismatter?Useevidencefromthearticletosupportyouranswer.[SP7-EngaginginArgumentfromEvidence].Thestudentswillthenrespondtothe10questionsfoundattheendofthearticle(intheirScienceJournals).Theseresponsescanbesharedasaclassifthereistime.
• TheteachercouldcollecttheScienceJournalsattheendofthislessonforassessment.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson3:ModelingMatterBACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonStudentswilllearnaboutthethreephasesofmatterandhowmattercanchangefromonephasetoanother.Akinestheticactivity,inthesecondhalfofthelesson,helpsstudentstounderstandthedifferentphasesofmatterbybehavinglikeparticlesofmatterthemselves.FocusStandard5-PS1-1.Useamodelofmatterasmadeofparticlestoosmalltobeseentoexplaincommonphenomenainvolvinggasses,phasechangesbetweengasandliquid,anddissolving.StudentLearningTargets
• Icandefinematterandgiveexamplesofbothmatterandnon-matter.• Icandescribethepropertiesofthethreephases:solid,liquid,orgas.• Icanrecognizedrawingsofdifferentphasesofmatterbyitspropertiesofshapeandvolume.• Icanuseappropriatescientificterms--melting,evaporating,condensing,andfreezing–todescribethechanges
betweenphases.• Icandescribephasechangesintermsofheatgainorheatloss.
Assessment
• Identifysolidsliquidsandgasesbytheirpropertiesrelatingtoshapeandvolume.• Completegrade-levelappropriateMCASquestionsaboutmatter.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:Melting,Freezing,Solid,Liquid,GasTier2:Matter,Evaporate,CondenseTier3:Mass,Atom,Molecule,Volume,Phase/State,PhaseChange,
RESOURCESANDMATERIALS
Quantity Item Source1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**LESSONDETAILSVocabulary(tobedonebytheclassroomteacherbeforesciencefellowarrives)Usethistimetoreviewtheconceptofmatterfirstintroducedinthearticlefromthepreviouslesson.Keyvocabularytofocusonfortheupcominglesson:matter,atom,molecule,solid,liquid,andgas.Somequestionsthatmighthelpthestudentsrememberthearticleandthevocabularywordsinclude:Whatismadeofmatter?Whatismattermadeof?Whatarethethreestatesofmatter?The“MatterisEverywhere”articledoesnotprovideascientificdefinitionfortheword“matter,”sopleasemakesurethestudentsknowit.Definitionsofmassandvolumemayhelpstudentstobetterunderstandthedefinitionofmatter.
• Matter-anythingthathasmassandtakesupspace(volume)• Mass-theamountofmatterinanobject• Volume-theamountofspacetakenupbyanobject
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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LessonOpening/ActivatorGivethestudentstwominutestomakealistofeverythingintheclassroom.Theteachercanstretchtheclass’understandingbyaskingsuchquestionsas“Whatdowebreathein?”Whatdowebreatheout?”Invitethestudentstoaddtheirclassmates’itemstotheirownlistsintheirScienceJournals.Afterthetimeisup,havestudentssharetheitemsfromtheirlistsandcreateafullclasslistontheboard.Donoterasethelistattheendofthisactivator,foritwillbeneededinthenextpartofthelesson.IntroductiontoMatterandPhasesofMatter
1. Regroupthelistofwordsfromtheactivatoractivitysothatallitemsofthesamephase(solid,liquid,gas)aretogether,butdonotlabelthecategories(yet).Beginbyaskingstudentstogroupsimilaritemstogether,andcorrectforerrorsifnecessary.
2. Wheneachlistiscomplete,discussasaclassthereasonsforhowtheitemsaregrouped.Whatpropertiesdoitems
withineachcategoryshare?
3. Now,labeleachcategoryappropriatelyassolid,liquid,orgas.Remindthestudentsthatthesearethethreephasesofmatter.(Note:theword“state”isasynonymfor,andthereforeinterchangeablewith,theword“phase”).Everyformofmatterbelongstooneofthethreephases.Defineeachphasebythearrangementoftheparticlesofmatter(atomsormolecules)inthatphase.Aftereachphasehasbeendefined,youmayerasethelistofclassroomitems.
• Solid-matterhasfixedvolumeandfixedshape;particlesvibrateinplace.• Liquid-matterhasfixedvolumebuttakesontheshapeofitscontainer;particlesflowfreelyacrossoneanother• Gas-mattertakesonthevolumeandtheshapeofitscontainer;particlesmoverandomlyinalldirections
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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4. UsethePhasesofMattergraphic(below)toaidwiththedefinitionofeachphase.Drawtheparticlerepresentationsofeachphaseontheboard,clearlyshowingtheshapeandvolumeofeachphase.Keepthesedrawingsontheboardforuselaterinthelesson.[SP-2Developingandusingmodels].
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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PhaseChanges
1. Havestudents“turnandtalk”(think-pair-share)withaclassmatetodiscussthefollowingquestion:Doesmatteralwaysstayinthesamephase?Havestudentsthinkaboutwheretheyhaveseenphasechangesbefore.Haveyoueverhadicecreamonahotday?Whathappenstothesolidicecreamifyoudon’teatitfastenough?Whathappenstolakesinthewinter?Whathappenstopuddleswhenthesuncomesoutafteritrains?[PS-1Askingquestions].
2. Aphasechangeisachangeofmatterfromonestatetoanother.Whatdoallofthesephasechangeshaveincommon?
Willicecreammeltifitisleftinthefreezer?Dolakesfreezeinthesummer?Phasechangesareonlypossiblewhenmattergainsorlosesheat.(Note:itmaybeeasiertoexplainthisintermsoftemperatureratherthanheat.Sincetemperatureisameasurementofheat,thetwowordscanbeinterchangedinthislesson).
3. Everyphasechangehasitsownspecialname.Someofthesenamesarepartofourcommonspeechandsomearenot.
Addarrowsbetweenthepicturesofthedifferentphasesontheboard,labelingeacharrowwiththeappropriatescientificterm.Alsoindicatewhetherheat(temperature)isaddedorlostduringthephasechange.
• Melting-solidtoliquid(heatgain)• Evaporating-liquidtogas(heatgain)• Condensing-gastoliquid(heatloss)• Freezing-liquidtosolid(heatloss)• Fortheadventurous:Sublimating–solidtogaswithoutbecomingaliquid(heatgain)
Letstudentsknowtheywillbeexploringphasechangesmoreinthenexttwolessons.
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Activity
1. Studentswillnowtesttheirnewlyacquiredknowledgeaboutmatterbybehavinglikeparticlesofmatterthemselves.Thisactivitycanbedonebythewholeclassatonceprovidedthereissufficientspace,orinsmallergroupsof4-6students.Geteveryoneparticipatingintheactivityupoutofhisorherseatandtothefrontoftheclassroom.
2. Studentswillactoutthethreephasesofmatterasfollows:
a. Solid:studentsformatightclumptogetherb. Liquid:studentsspreadoutacrossthefrontoftheclassroom,demonstratinghowliquidstakeontheshapeof
theircontainersc. Gas:studentsspreadoutacrosstheentireclassroom,demonstratinghowgasestakeontheshapeandthe
volumeoftheircontainers
3. Beginbycallingoutaphase:solid,liquid,orgas.Ensurethatthestudentsperformthecorrectactionassociatedwitheachphase.Ifsomestudentsseemlost,providehintsabouttheshapeandvolumeeachphasetakeswithrespecttoitscontainer.
4. Whenallstudentsaredemonstratingtheappropriateactionforthegivenphase,calloutthenameofanotherphase.If
thestudentsareorganizedinsmallgroupsforthisactivity,switchoutgroupseveryfewroundstogiveeverybodyachance.
5. Tomaketheactivitymoredifficult,refertoeachphasechangebyitsscientificname(melting,evaporating,condensing,
andfreezing).
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6. Tomaketheactivityevenmoredifficult,describethephasechangesintermsofheatgainandlossratherthanexplicitly
namingeachphase.Forexample,ifthestudentsareinitiallyinthesolidphaseandtheactivityleadersays,“I’maddingheat,”thestudentsshouldchangetotheliquidphase.Reinforcethatmattercanonlychangefromonephasetoanotherwhenheatisaddedorlost.
Extension:introducethemovementofindividualparticlesintotheactivity.
• Solid:particlesvibrateinplace• Liquid:particlesmovebackandforthpasteachother• Gas:particlesmoverandomlyinalldirections
LessonClosing
• Recapthelessonwithsomequestionsaboutmatter,propertiesofmatter,andphasesofmatter.Whataresomeexamplesofmatter?Whataresomenon-examplesofmatter?Whatdoesallmatterintheuniversehaveincommon?Howisatablesimilartoaglassofwater?(Bothmadeofmatter,bothhavefixedvolume).Howisatabledifferentfromaglassofwater?(Differentphases:tablehasfixedshapeandhasmoremass).
• Connecttoday’slessontotheessentialquestion:Howdoesmatterchange?
Assessment
• Identifysolidsliquidsandgasesbytheirpropertiesrelatingtoshapeandvolume.• Completegrade-levelappropriateMCASquestionsaboutmatter.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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MCASQuestions
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson4:WhoPassedtheGas?BACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonThislessonreviewsthecreationofmodelsrepresentingthethreestatesofmatter(solid,liquid,gas)andexploresthecharacteristicsofgasesthroughexperimentsinvolvingdryice.Thestudentsarecontinuallyaskedtomakepredictionsthroughoutthecourseofthislessoninordertofurthertheirunderstandingofkeyconceptssuchasdiffusion,volume,anddensity,aswellastouchinguponothervocabularysuchassublimation.Thislessonalsoincludesapossibleliteracyextensionthatcanbecompletedbytheclassroomteachertofurtherstudentcomprehensionandretention.Thislessonhastwopossiblebreakpoints(dividingthelessonintothreeclassperiods)tobeutilizedasdeemedappropriatebyindividualclassroomteachersduetopossibletimeconstraints.FocusStandard(s)5-PS1-1Useamodelofmatterasmadeofparticlestoosmalltobeseentoexplaincommonphenomenainvolvinggasses,phasechangesbetweengasandliquid,anddissolving.5.W.4Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhichthedevelopmentandorganizationareappropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience.5.SL.1Engageeffectivelyinarangeofcollaborativediscussions(one-on-one,ingroups,andteacher-led)withdiversepartnersongrade5topicsandtexts,buildingonothers’ideasandexpressingtheirownclearly.[Referencesoptionalliteracyactivity]
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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ELAWritingStandard(2017)Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.
a. Introduceatopicortextclearly,stateanopinion,andcreateanorganizationalstructureinwhichideasarelogicallygroupedinparagraphsandsectionstosupportthewriter’spurpose.
StudentLearningTargets• Icandefineanddescribethecharacteristicsofgases.• Icandifferentiatethecharacteristicsofgasesfromthoseofliquidsandsolids.• Icanobserveanddescribephenomenainvolvinggasesandusethesetocreateamodelofagas.
AssessmentHavestudentsdefineanddescribethecharacteristics,aswellastheirobservationsregardingthesecharacteristics,ofgasesintheirScienceJournal.Usethesecharacteristicstocompareandcontrastthecharacteristicsofgaseswiththecharacteristicsofliquidsandsolids.TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:GasTier2:VolumeTier3:Sublimation,Density
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RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher1perstudent SafetyGlasses Bin1perclass SprayableAirFreshener Bin
1perclass EssentialOilofOrange Bin1perclass PlasticBucket Bin1perclass TallDrinkingGlass Bin1perclass RollofPaperTowels Bin1perclass 10GallonAquarium Bin1perclass LiquidBubbles Bin1perclass UnitofDryIce(includingtongs,goggles,andgloves) ContactCollegeLiaison3
dayspriortolesson10perclass Balloonsorrubbergloves Bin5perclass FilmCanister Bin1perstudent “StatesofMatter”Comic Binder**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/Activator
1. Reviewtheinformationfromthepreviouslessonregardingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweensolids,liquids,andgases.Breakthestudentsupintogroupsoffourandhavethemdrawmolecularmodelsofasolid,aliquid,andagas.Thestudentswillthenreconveneasaclassandvolunteerssharetheirdrawings,allowingtimeforquestionsandcommentsattheendofeachpresentation.(Limitpresentationstotwominuteseach.)Theteacherwillusetheinformationpresentedbythestudentstodrawmodelsofasolid,aliquid,andagasonthewhiteboardforreferencethroughoutthecourseofthislesson.Thiswillactivatepriorknowledgeandwillallowstudentstomoreeffectivelyengagewiththislesson.[SP2-DevelopingandUsingModels]
2. Afterthecompletionofthereview,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellow(s)willtellthestudentstodaytheywillbe
exploringanddiscussingthepropertiesofgases.Sprayairfreshener(ortheessentialoiloforangeforahypoallergenicalternative)on1sideoftheclassroom.Askthestudentstoraisetheirhandswhentheycansmelleithertheairfresheneroressentialoil.Asthesmellpermeatestheclassroom,havethestudentsnotetheirobservationsintheirScienceJournals.Afterthecompletionofthisportionofthelesson,discusswhatthestudentsnoticedaboutthesmellandwhatthatleadsthemtobelieveaboutthecharacteristicsofgases.Introducethefollowingvocabularyduringthisactivity:
• Diffusion• Volume
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DuringtheLessonIntroductiontoGases
1. Discussthefactthatgasesspreadouttofilltheavailablespace(refertothepreviousintroductiontodiffusion).Startingfromonespotintheclassroom,theaircarryingthescentwillspreadthroughouttheclassroom,outthedoor,intothehallway,andeventuallyoutside.Thisiswhysmellsintheaireventuallygoaway.Explainthatdiffusionisoneofthecharacteristicsofgases.
2. GoontoexplaindiffusionallowsagastospreadandfillANYcontainerthatitisin,regardlessofthesizeorshape.This
meansthatthevolumeofagaschangesasitdiffusestotaketheshapeofagivencontainer.Theteachercandrawamodelofdiffusiononthewhiteboard,withthestudentscopyingthismodelintotheirScienceJournalsinordertoincreasecomprehension.Explaintothestudentstheclasswillnowconductaseriesofexperimentstoexplorethevariouscharacteristicsofgases.
GasandVolume
1. TheteacherorScienceFellowwillthenaskthestudentswhatisinvisibleandallaroundthem.Thiswillallowfortheclasstoparticipateinadiscussionaboutair.Throughoutthecourseofthisdiscussion,havethestudentsthinkabouthowtheyknowtherearegases(air)allaroundthem.
2. Followingthediscussion,fillabucketwithwaterandplaceitinfrontoftheroom,explainingthisexperimentwillprovetherearegasesallaroundthestudents.AskthestudentstowriteanyobservationsthattheymayhaveintheirScienceJournals.
3. Crumpleapieceofpaperorapapertowelintoaballandpushitintothebottomofthecleardrinkingglass.Holdtheglassverticallywiththeopenendfacingdown,andpushitstraightdownintothewater.Lifttheglassstraight
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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outofthewater.RemovethepaperandhavethestudentsobserveandrecordtheresultsintheirScienceJournals.
4. Afterthecompletionofthisdemonstration,discussthefollowingquestionsandideaswiththeclass:• Whathappenedtothepaper?• Whydidn’titgetwet?• Whatwasintheglassbesidesthepaperthatkeptthewaterfromgettingin?
Note:Throughoutthediscussion,besuretohighlighttothestudentsgastakesupspace(volume)likeallmatter,sothewatercouldn’tfitallthewayintheglass.[SP6-ConstructingExplanations]
Thisisapossiblebreakpointduetotimeconstraints(thisdecisioncanbemadeatthediscretionoftheClassroomTeacher)DryIce
1. Ifthisportiontakesplaceonadifferentdaythanthebeginningofthislesson,besuretoreviewtheconceptspreviouslydiscussedinordertoinsurestudentcomprehensionandretentionoftheinformation.
2. TheClassroomTeacherwillthentelltheclasstheywillbeobservingandexperimentingwithatypeofgascreatedfromdryice.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellow(s)willexplaintothestudentsthatdryiceissolidcarbondioxideanditmustbekeptverycoldandatroomtemperaturedryiceundergoessublimationandisconvertedfromawhitesolidtoacleargas(carbondioxide),skippingtheliquidphasebecausethetemperaturechangeissogreat.Atthispoint,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowshoulddefinesublimationanddiscussthisconceptwiththestudentsinordertogaugecomprehension,providinginformationasnecessarytoallowforthiscomprehensiontotakeplace.Goon
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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toexplainthat,duetoitsextremelycoldtemperature,dryicecancausedamagetoskinifhandleddirectly,sostudentsshouldalwaysusetongsorinsulatedgloveswhenhandlingit.Stateitisalsoimportantnottogetanydryicedustintoyoureyeswhencrushingorgrindingthesolid,sostudents(andteachers)shouldalwayswearprotectivegoggles.
3. Explaintothestudentswhendryiceisplacedinwarmorhotwater,cloudsofwhitefogarecreated;thisfogisnotCO2gas,butcondensedwatervapormixedwithCO2.Thefogisheavy,becauseitismixedwithCO2;itwillsettleatthebottomofacontainerandcanbepoured.Introducetheconceptofdensitytothestudentsatthispointandexplainhowmatterthatisdenserwillsink,whilematterthatislessdensewillfloat(usetheexampleofamarblesinkinginapoolwhileaninflatedballfloatstohelpclarifythisconceptifnecessary).
4. Instructthestudentstoputontheirsafetyglassesandinsurethatthestudentsremainatasafedistanceforalloftheexperiments.Beforestartingthisactivity,havestudentsmakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappenintheirScienceJournals(afterexplainingbrieflytheactivity).Theycanusedrawingsortexttorecordtheirpredictions.Holdopenaballoonandputafewsmallpiecesofdryiceinside.Tietheballoonclosed.Atthispoint,volunteerscansharewhattheirpredictionsareandwhytheythinkthatwillhappen.Theclasswillthenobservewhatishappeningtotheballoon(isitinflating?deflating?)anddiscusswhytheythinkthisishappening.
5. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenaskthefollowingquestions:
• Whydidtheballooninflate?• Whatishappeningtothesoliddryiceinsidetheballoon?• Whydoestheballoongetbiggerwhenthedryiceturnsintoagas?• Howdotheseobservationshelpexplainthedifferencebetweensolidsandgases?
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WARNING:THEBALLOONMAYPOPDEPENDINGUPONHOWMUCHDRYICEWASPUTINIT.
6. Beforethisnextactivity,againaskstudentstopredictwhatwillhappenwhenafewpiecesofdryiceareplacedinafilmcanistereitherthroughdrawingortext.Discussthepredictionsasawholeclass.Placeafewsmallpiecesofdryiceinafilmcanister.Observethereactionanddiscusswhatoccurs,focusingonthefollowingquestions:
• Whydoesthetopofthecanistercomeoff?• Whatishappeningtothesoliddryiceinsidethecanister?• Howdoesthisshowhowsolidsandgasesaredifferent?• Howfastdogasmoleculesmove?(Refertothetopofthecanisterflyingoff)• Howfastdosolidmoleculesmove?• Usetheobservationsofthestudentsaswellasguideddiscussiontorelatetheseideastovolumeandhowthe
volumeofagasdependsonthecontaineritisin.
WARNING:THETOPOFTHECANISTERWILLFLYOFFDUETOTHEINCREASEINPRESSURE.AIMTHECANISTER AWAYFROMTHESTUDENTSANDOTHERSINTHECLASSROOM.
Thisisapossiblebreakpointduetotimeconstraints(thisdecisioncanbemadeatthediscretionoftheClassroomTeacher)
Iftherewasabreakpriortothisstep,besuretoreviewthepreviouslylearnedinformationwiththestudentsthroughaguideddiscussiononwhattheyremember,focusingonvolume,density,anddiffusion.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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1. Placedryiceinafishtankandaddwarmwater(quantityisnotafactor).Awhitefogshouldformandsettleonthebottomofthetank.Theteacherwillaskthestudentswhytheythinkthefogisonthebottomofthetank(onceagainreferringtotheconceptofdensity––thewhitefogisdenserthantheairarounditbutlessdensethanthewaterbeneathit).
2. Theteacherwillthentellstudentsthatvolunteerswillblowbubblesintothefishtankandaskthestudentstomake
predictionsintheirScienceJournals(throughdrawingorwriting)aboutwhatwillhappentothebubbles(willtheyfloatontopofthefog?Sinkbeneathit?).Tellthestudentsnottobreatheinthegasasasafetyprecaution!
3. Theclasswillthenobservetheensuingprocessanddiscusswhatoccurredandwhetherthestudents’predictionswere
correctorincorrect.Thefollowingquestionscanbeaskedduringthisstepinordertoguidetheclassdiscussionintheappropriatedirection:
• Whichgashasahigherdensity(refertothepreviousdiscussionondensityandhavethestudentsdefinethisvocabularywordandwriteitintheirScienceJournalifnecessary):thebreathinthebubbleorthecarbondioxideandwatervapor?
• Howcanyoutell?Relatethistoaheliumballoonthatrisesintotheair(unlikeaballoonfilledwithyourbreath).Relatethisquestiontothedensityofliquidandsolids––whichstateofmatteristhedensest?Whichistheleast?[SP7-EngaginginArgumentfromEvidence]
4. Ifstudentsarestrugglingwiththeconceptofdensity,putsomeofthedryiceinabowlwithhotwaterandthenpour
thegasontothefloor.Askthestudentswhythegasstaysonthefloor(isitdenserthantheairaroundit?).Theteacherwillthenrelatethistothebubbleexperimentinordertoincreasestudentcomprehensionofanimportantscientific
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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concept.Youcouldalsore-definedensity:Densityistheamountofstuffinagivenspace.Ifthereismorestuffinthatspace,thentheobjectwillbedenser.Forexample,ifyouhavetwoballsofthesamesize,onemadeofStyrofoamandtheothermadeofmetal,themetalobjectwillbedenserbecauseit’sheavier.Withourgases,it’sverysimilar.Thewhitegasfromthedryicehasmore“stuff”initthanthenormalairdoes,andthat’swhyitsinks.
LiteracyExtension
1. Havethestudentsbreakintogroupsofthreeandreadtheprovidedcomic(http://chogger.com/comics/neLw4/states-of-matter).Thegroupswillthenworktogethertofinishthecomic,explainingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthethreedifferentstatesofmatterusingtheirownideas.Thegroupscandividetherolesofillustrator,writer,andcreativedesigneramongthemselvesorcansharetheresponsibilities.Aftercompletion,thegroupswillpresenttheirfinishedcomicstotheclass.Timewillbeallottedinbetweenpresentationsforquestions/compliments.(Thisextensioncanbecompletedby,andatthediscretionof,theClassroomTeacher).
LessonClosingTheClassroomTeacherwillaskthestudentstothinkbacktothefirstdemonstrationoftheemptyglass,ballofpaperandbucketofwater.ThestudentswillthenwriteintheirScienceJournalaboutwhatthedryiceexperimentsallowedthemtoconcludeaboutthedensityofagascomparedtothedensityofaliquid.Thestudentscanalsodiscussthevaryingdensitiesofthedifferentgasesasdemonstratedinthedryiceexperiments.Inordertogetthestudentstothinkaboutthetopicsinthenexttwolessons(physicalandchemicalchanges),askstudentsifmattercan‘change’andifso,how.AssessmentHavestudentsdefineanddescribethecharacteristics,aswellastheirobservationsregardingthesecharacteristics,ofgasesintheirScienceJournal.Usethesecharacteristicstocompareandcontrastthecharacteristicsofgaseswiththecharacteristicsofliquidsandsolids.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson5:PhysicalChangesBACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonThislessonrequiresexperimentalstationsthatmustbepreparedaheadoftime.Inthislessonstudentswillinvestigatephysicalchangesthroughaseriesofexperimentsanddemonstrations.Thedifferenttypesofphysicalchangesthatappearinthelessonarechangesinshape/size,solutions,suspensions,mixtures,andphasechanges.FocusStandard(s)PS1-4Conductaninvestigationtodeterminewhetherthemixingoftwoormoresubstancesresultsinnewsubstances.ELAWritingStandard(2017)Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.
a. Introduceatopicortextclearly,stateanopinion,andcreateanorganizationalstructureinwhichideasarelogicallygroupedinparagraphsandsectionstosupportthewriter’spurpose.
StudentLearningTargets• Icandefinephysicalchangeandgiveexamplesofphysicalchanges• Icandifferentiatebetweenasolution,asuspension,andamixture• Icanobservephasechangesasexamplesofphysicalchanges
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassactivities,completionofthelessonworksheet,andthefollowingprompt:Giveanexampleofasolution,asuspension,andamixtureandexplainhowtheyaredifferentWIDALanguageObjectives
TBDTargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier3:PhysicalChange,Mixture,Solution,Suspension
RESOURCESANDMATERIALS
Quantity Item Source1bottle VegetableOil BinAsneeded Water ClassroomTeacherAsneeded Ice ClassroomTeacher1bag Flour Bin1box Salt Bin4 Beakers Bin1pieceperstudent Play-Doh Bin1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSVocabulary(tobetaughtbyClassroomTeacherbeforeScienceFellowarrives).Makesurestudentsarefamiliarwiththefollowingwordsbeforethelesson.Picturesareprovidedattheendofthelessontobeusedasateachingreference.
• Physicalchange:achangeinanobjectthatdoesnotchangethematterthatmakesuptheobject• Mixture:acombinationoftwoormoretypesofmatter• Solution:amixtureofonetypeofmatterthatisdissolvedinanothertypeofmatter• Suspension:amixtureofonetypeofmatterthatisfinelyspreadoutinanothertypeofmatter
LessonOpening/ActivatorGiveeachofthestudentsapieceofPlay-Doh.AskthestudentstomakesomethingusingthePlay-Doh.AskthestudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionintheirScienceJournal:ThinkaboutthePlay-Dohwhenyoufirstreceivedit.IsthePlay-Dohstillmadeofthesamekindofmatterordiditchangeafteryoumadesomethingwithit?PhysicalChanges
• Reviewthedefinitionofphysicalchange.AphysicalchangeisachangeinanobjectthatdoesNOTalterthematterthatmakesuptheobject.Forexample,eachstudenthaschangedtheshapeofhisorherobject,butitisstillmadeupofPlay-Doh.Therefore,thePlay-Dohhasundergoneaphysicalchange.
• Otherexamplesofphysicalchangesincludechangingthecolor,mass,volume,orstateofmatter;mixingonekindof
matterwithanother(ormanyothers);anddissolvingmatterinaliquid,suchaswater.Amixtureoftwoormorekindsofmattercanalwaysbeseparatedbackintothedifferentkindsofmatter.
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• Giveafewmoredemonstrationsofphysicalchangestohelpthestudentsbetterunderstandtheidea.Somequickand
easydemonstrationsarerippingorcrumplingapieceofpaperormakingamarkonthewhiteboard.
• Thestudentswillcontinuetheirstudyofphysicalchangesbytravelinginsmallgroupsthroughaseriesoffourstationsaroundtheclassroom.Eachstudentwillcompleteaworksheetastheypassthrougheachstation.Youwillneedtohavethematerialsforeachstationorganizedaheadoftime.Also,whengroupsrotatestations,thestudentswillneedassistancecleaninguptheirstationandreadyingitforthenextgroup.
• Eachstationwillprovidethestudentswithanopportunitytoperformaphysicalchangeononeormoretypesof
matter.Explainthedirectionsforeachstationtothestudents.
• Ateachstation,studentswillfirstmakeapredictionaboutwhattheythinkwillhappenwhentheymixthetwosubstances,thenperformthephysicalchangeandmakeobservations.Finally,theywillmakeconcludingremarksbyansweringthefollowingquestions:Whatphysicalchangehastakenplace?Howdoyouknowit’saphysicalchange?[SP-3Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations].
PhysicalChangeDemonstrationStationsStation1:SaltandWater
• Theinitialsetupofthestationrequiresabeakerofwater(abouthalffull)andsomesalt(onlyafewtablespoonsareneededforeachgroup).Studentsmaytaketurnsslowlypouringthesaltintothewater,stirringaftereachaddition.Whathappenstothesaltwhenitfirsthitsthewater?Whathappenstothesaltafterthewaterhasbeenstirred?Isthisa
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mixture,solution,orasuspension?Whatistheevidencefortheiranswer?(Saltandwaterformsasolution).Attheendofthestation,havethestudentspourthebeakerdownthesink,fillitagainwithwater,andrefillthesaltforthenextgroup.
Station2:FlourandWater
• Theinitialsetupofthestationrequiresabeakerofwater(abouthalffull)andsomeflour(onlyafewtablespoonsareneededforeachgroup).Studentsmaytaketurnsslowlypouringtheflourintothewater,stirringaftereachaddition.Whathappenstotheflourwhenitfirsthitsthewater?Whathappenstotheflourafterthewaterhasbeenstirred?Isthisamixture,solution,orasuspension?Whatistheevidencefortheiranswer?(Flourandwaterformsasuspension).Attheendofthestation,havethestudentspourthebeakerdownthesink,fillitagainwithwater,andrefilltheflourforthenextgroup.
Station3:OilandWater• Theinitialsetupofthestationrequiresabeakerofwater(abouthalffull)andsomeoil(onlyafewtablespoonsare
neededforeachgroup).Studentsmaytaketurnsslowlypouringtheoilintothewater,stirringaftereachaddition.Whathappenstotheoilwhenitfirsthitsthewater?Whathappenstotheoilafterthewaterhasbeenstirred?Isthisamixture,solution,orasuspension?Whatistheevidencefortheiranswer?(Oilandwaterformsamixture).
• Thinkbacktolesson4andtheterm“density.”Whatdoesthisexperimentshowaboutthedensityofoilrelativetothedensityofwater?Attheendofthestation,havethestudentspourthebeakerdownthesink,fillitagainwithwater,andrefilltheoilforthenextgroup.
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Station4:WaterandIce• Theinitialsetupofthestationrequiresabeakerofwater(abouthalffull)andseveralicecubes.Addtheicecubestothe
beakerofwater.Wherearetheicecubesrelativetothewater?Whatcanyousayaboutthedensityoficeversusthedensityofwater?Afterafewminutes,observethebeaker.Whathaschangedontheinsideofthebeaker?Whathaschangedontheoutsideofthebeaker?Whatwouldyoucallthisphysicalchange?Attheendofthestation,havestudentspourthebeakerofwaterdownthesink,fillitagainwithwater,andgetmoreiceforthenextgroup.
AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassactivities,completionofthelessonworksheet,andthefollowingprompt:Giveanexampleofasolution,asuspension,andamixtureandexplainhowtheyaredifferent.
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Kool-Aidaddedtowaterisasolution Flouraddedtowaterisasuspension Oiladdedtowaterisamixture
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Lesson6:ChemicalChangesBACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonThislessonwillbeginwithareviewofphysicalchangesaswellasthe3typesofmatter(solids,liquids,andgases).TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthendemonstrateachemicalchangeusingbakingsoda,vinegar,aflask,andaballoonbeforediscussingstudentobservationsanddemonstratingtheproceduresforthe4stations.Thestudentswillthencompletethechangesateachofthefourstationsingroupsandwillrecordtheirpredictions,observations,andconclusionsontheprovideddatasheetbeforediscussingtheirfindingsasaclassandcompletingtheexitticketactivity.FocusStandardPS1-4Conductaninvestigationtodeterminewhetherthemixingoftwoormoresubstancesresultsinnewsubstances.StudentLearningTargets
• Icanrecordtheirobservationsandusethoseobservationstovalidateorrefutetheirpredictions.• Icanformconclusionsaboutdifferenttypesofchemicalchangestomatter.• Icandifferentiatebetweenphysicalandchemicalchangestomatter.
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AssessmentStudentswilldefinebothphysicalandchemicalchangesandlistthedifferencesintheirScienceJournals.Theywillalsocompletethe“exitticket”activityattheendofthelessonandwillhandintheticketsforassessment.WIDALanguageObjectives
TBDTargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:TemperatureTier2:ReactionTier3:ChemicalChange
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent ChemicalChangeRecordingSheet Binder1permemberoftheclass Safetyglasses Bin1box Bakingsoda Bin1bottle Whitevinegar Bin2balloons Latex-freeBalloons Bin1unit Flask Bin1package LongMatches Bin
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25units Beaker Bin1bottle Milk ContactSueBeauchamp1unit Squeezebottle Bin5tablets Alka-Seltzertablets Bin Water ClassroomTeacherAtleast125mL Lemonjuice Bin2units Thermometer Bin2units Spoon Bin6pieces Steelwool Bin1roll Aluminumfoil Bin**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/Activator
1. Thislessonwillbeginwithareviewofphysicalchangesandthethreetypesofmatterfromthepreviouslessons.Thestudentswillbepairedoffandaskedtodefinephysicalchangeaswellasdrawingmolecularmodelsofthe3typesofmatter(solids,liquids,andgases).TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenaskwhathappensifyoubakesomething;cantheingredientsbeseparatedout?Ifthischangeisn’tphysical,whatcoulditbecalled?TheClassroom
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TeacherorScienceFellowwillusethesequestionstoguidethediscussiontowardstheintroductionofchemicalchanges(whichoccurwhentwoormoretypesofmatterreacttoformadifferenttypeofmatter).[SP2-DevelopingandUsingModels]
2. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthendemonstrateachemicalchangeusingvinegar,bakingsoda,aflask,andaballoon.Theadultsandstudentswillwearsafetyglassesforthissection.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillaskthestudentstopredictwhatwillhappenwhenthebakingsodaandvinegarmix,andthestudentswillsharetheirpredictionsbeforethisexperimenttakesplace.Afterthediscussionisover,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillmixthebakingsodaandvinegarintheflaskandplacetheballoonoverthetop.Theensuingreactionwillcausetheballoontofillwithcarbondioxide,indicatingachemicalchange.Aftertheconclusionofthisexperiment,theteacherorScienceFellowwillaskthestudentsifthepreviouschangewasachemicalorphysicalone(cantheingredientsbeseparatedout?).Thisdiscussionwillallowstudentstoactivatepriorlearningbyexposingthemtoafamiliarreactionwhileatthesametimelayingthegroundworkforfurtherstudyofchemicalchanges.
DuringtheLesson
1. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillwrite“chemicalchange”onthewhiteboardanddefineitforthestudents.Thestudentswillthenbreakintopairsandcomeupwithalistofpossiblechemicalchanges(baking,lightingamatch,fire,etc…)andsharetheirideaswiththeclass.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwilllistpossiblechemicalchangesonthewhiteboardanddiscusswhetherthelistedreactionsarecorrectornot(providingaccuratebutrelatedalternatives,sothatthepairsdonotfeelostracizedforprovidingincorrectanswers).Atthispoint,theClassroomTeacherorSciencefellowshouldhighlightchemicalchangesareusuallyaccompaniedbyachangeintemperature(asenergyisreleasedorabsorbed),andtheresultingmatterisdifferentthantheoriginalandcannotbeseparatedintotheoriginalsubstances.
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2. Makesureyouarenearawindoworoutsideforthisstepsothefirealarmdoesn’tgooff!TheClassroomTeacher
orScienceFellowwillthentellthestudentstheywillbelightingamatch.Allmembersoftheclasswillwearsafetyglasses.Thestudentswillworkwiththeirpartnertopredictwhatwillhappenandifthechangethatoccursisaphysicalchangeorachemicalchange.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenlightthematchandholditsoallthestudentscanseewhatishappening.Duringthistime,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillhighlightthesmokethatthematchisgivingoffandthedifferentcoloroftheburnedmatch.Afterthematchisblownout,theteacherorFellowwilldiscussthechangefromwoodtoashandwillshowthestudentshowtheburnedsectionofmatchisdifferentfromtheunburnedsection.Thestudentswillthensharetheirobservationsandwilldecideasaclassifthepreviousreactionwasachemicalorphysicalchange.TheteacherorFellowwillguidethediscussioninsuchawaythestudentscancometotherealizationthatitwasinfactachemicalchangebasedonwhattheyobserved.Ifstudentsarestrugglingtocomprehendthedifferencebetweenchemicalandphysicalchanges,havethemworkwiththeirpartnertolistthedifferencesbetweentheburningofthematchandthephysicalchangesthatwereshowninthepreviouslessonandtosharethosedifferenceswiththeclass.[SP7-EngaginginArgumentBasedonEvidence]
3. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenexplainstudentswillbeworkingatstationstocreatechemical
changes.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwilldemonstratethefourchangestotheclass.Studentswillthendivideinto4groups,witheachgroupgoingtoaseparatestation.Theywillwearsafetyglassesforthedurationofthisactivity.Thegroupswillremainateachstationforfivetosevenminutesandwillrecordtheirpredictions,observations,andconclusionsontheprovideddatasheet.TheClassroomTeacherandScienceFellowwillcirculateasnecessaryto
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insurethattheappropriatesciencesafetypracticesarebeingfollowed(asdescribedinLesson1)andthatthedirectionsarebeingfollowed.Instructionsforeachstationcanbelistedonapieceofchartpaper(ifdeemedappropriatebytheclassroomteacher).The4stations,andtheinstructionsforeachstation,are:
1. Materials:Milkinbeakers,vinegarinasqueezebottle,andaspoon.Thestudentswillmixthemilkandthevinegarandstirthesolution,predictingandthenobservingwhatoccurs.(liquidtosolid).
2. Materials:1Alka-Seltzertablet,abeakerfilledwithwater.ThestudentswilladdHALFoftheAlka-Seltzertablettothewaterandobservewhatoccurs(liquidtogas).
3. Materials:Bakingsoda,25mLoflemonjuiceinbeakers,aspoon,andathermometer.Thestudentswillmixthebakingsodawiththelemonjuice,stirthesolution,andthenusethethermometertorecordthetemperaturechange(takingmeasurementseveryminute).(Thetemperaturewilldropasthechemicalchangeoccurs).
4. Materials:Vinegarinabeaker,steelwool,thermometer,anemptybeaker,aluminumfoil.Thestudentswillsoakthesteelwoolinthevinegar,wringitout,wrapthesteelwoolaroundthethermometer,placeitintheemptybeakerandcoverthebeakerwithaluminumfoil(insurethatthethermometerremainsvisible).Theywillrecordthetemperaturechangeeveryminute.(Thetemperaturerisesandthecolorchangesduringthischemicalchange).
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4. Theclasswillthenreconveneandthegroupswillsharetheirpredictions,observations,andconclusionsfromthestations(limitthisto3minutespergroup).Theclasswillthenusetheinformationgatheredfromthestationstodescribethedifferencesbetweenphysicalandchemicalchanges,withtheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowlistingthedifferencesonthewhiteboardandthestudentscopyingthedifferencesintotheirScienceJournals.
LessonClosingThestudentswillthenworkinpairstocreateVenndiagramscomparingandcontrastingphysicalandchemicalchanges.(ApossibleVennDiagramtemplatecanbefoundattheendofthislesson.)Theycanuseexamplesinthediagramsiftheydeemitappropriate.Thesewillthenbepresentedtotheclass,withtimeforquestionsandcommentsaftereachpresentation.(Thepresentationsshouldlastnomorethantwotofourminuteseach).AssessmentStudentswilldefinebothphysicalandchemicalchangesandlistthedifferencesintheirScienceJournals.Theywillalsocompletethe“exitticket”activityattheendofthelessonandwillhandintheticketsforassessment.
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Matter:Lesson6ExitTicketPleaseshowinthetablebelowwhethereachofthefollowingisaphysicalchangeorachemicalchange.
PhysicalChange ChemicalChange
1. Acarrusting
2. Addingwatertoorangejuice
3. Eatinganddigestingapieceofcake
4. Burningwoodinafire
5. Makingsaladdressing
6. Bakingbread
7. Runningacarengine
8. Takingashower
9. MakingKool-Aid(oranotherpowdereddrink)
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Lesson7:Solutions,SuspensionsandSeparatingMixtures
BACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonThislessonrequiresdemonstrationsthatneedtobepreparedaheadoftime.Studentswillinvestigateuniquepropertiesofmatterinmixturesandusethosepropertiestoseparatethemixtures.FocusStandard(s)PS1-3MakeobservationsandmeasurementstoidentifysubstancesbasedontheiruniquepropertiesStudentLearningTargets
• Icandistinguishdifferenttypesofmatterbytheircharacteristics.• Icanusethecharacteristicsofmattertoseparatematterinmixtures.• Icanexplainthephysicalchangesthatareinvolvedinformingandseparatingmixtures.• Icanidentifyamixtureasasolutionorasuspension.
AssessmentAssessmentwillbebasedonparticipationinexperimentalstationsandthefollowingprompt:IntheirScienceJournals,havestudentsmakealistofallthephysicalandchemicalchangestheyobservedduringthelesson.
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TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier2:EvaporationTier3:Filtration
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1bag Kool-Aidpowder Bin Dirt Bin4 IronFilings/Sandintubes Bin1bag Sand Bin1bag ChexMixoralternativeforthosewhohaveallergies ClassroomTeacher3 LargeBeaker Bin1 SmallBeaker Bin1 HotPlate Bin4 Filter Bin1 Funnel Bin2 Bowl Bin1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher2-3 Magnets(tomoveironfillings) Bin**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/ActivatorReviewtheconceptofscientificpropertiesfirstintroducedinLesson2.Allmatterhasmanyproperties,anddifferenttypesofmattercanbedistinguishedbytheirproperties.Intheirsciencejournal,haveeachstudentthinkoftwoobjectsintheroom.Listasmanypropertiesforeachobjectastheycan.Whichpropertiesaresimilarandwhicharedifferent?Whatsortsofphysicalchangescouldyouperformontheobject?Whatsortsofchemicalchangescouldyouperformontheobject?Discussasaclasssomedifferentobjectsandtheirproperties.Solutions,Suspensions,andSeparatingMixtures
1. Reviewsolutionsandsuspensions(lesson5)bymixingKool-Aidpowderandwaterinonebeaker,anddirtandwaterinanotherbeaker.
2. Askthestudentswhichbeakercontainsasolution(Kool-Aid),whichcontainsasuspension(mud),andaskthemto
provetheirstatementusingevidencetheyobserveabouteachmixture.ThefactKool-Aidisclear(transparent)showsthatthepowderhasdissolved,acharacteristicofasolution.Mudiscloudy(opaque)becausethedirtparticlesdonotdissolveinthewater,acharacteristicofasuspension.[PS-7Engaginginargumentfromevidence].
3. Explainthegoalofthislessonistoseparatetheseandothermixtures.Remindstudentsthatallmattercanbe
distinguishedbyitsproperties,andscientiststakeadvantageofthisfacttobeabletoseparatemixtures.
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4. Dividethestudentsintofourgroupsandexplaintothemtheywillbetravelingaroundtodifferentstationsusingdifferenttechniquestoseparatedifferentmixtures.Eachstationshouldbecompletedin5-10minutes.Passoutthelessonworksheet,oneperstudent.[PS-3Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations].
5. Reviewthestationdescriptionsaheadoftime,soyoucangiveclearandaccurateinstructionstothestudentsasthey
movefromstationtostation.
6. Setupthefourstationsasfollows.Pleasehavethematerialsorganizedaheadoftime.Station1:EvaporationSeparation(requiresaClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowtooperatehotplate)
1. PourasmallamountoftheKool-Aidpreparedatthebeginningofthelessonintoasmallbeakeronthehotplate.Turnonthehotplate.
2. Afterafewminutes,theKool-Aidwillbegintoboil.Asitboils,askstudentstowritedowntheirobservationsontheworksheetorintheirsciencejournals.
3. Askquestionstohelpguidetheirobservations.Dotheynoticethebubbles?Whatdoesthisindicate?(Itindicatesaphasechangeastheliquidwaterevaporatesintogas).Whathappenstothevolumeofliquidinthebeaker?(Itdecreasesasthewaterevaporates).
4. Aftermostofthewaterhasevaporated,theremainingpowderwillcolorthebottomofthebeaker.Ifthewateriscompletelyboiledoff,thehotplatemayburnsomeofthepowderatthebottomofthebeaker.Askthestudentsifthe
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powderisstillthesameafterit’sburned.(Hint:Burningisachemicalchange).
5. Beforethestudentsleavethestation,makesurethattheyunderstandhowtheKool-AidwasseparatedandthecoloringonthebottomofthebeakeristheKool-Aidpowder.
6. Washoutthesmallbeakerinthesinktoprepareforthenextgroup.MixmoreKool-Aidifnecessary.Station2:MagneticSeparationTubeswithironfillingsmixedinsand
1. Askstudentsiftheycanthinkofanypropertiesofironorsandthatmightbehelpfulinseparatingtheironfillingsfromthesand.Ironismagnetic,butsandisnot.
2. Passthemagnetoverthemixtureandobservewhathappenstotheironfilings.Giveeachstudentaturnwiththemagnet.
Station3:FiltrationSeparation1. Prepareamud-and-watermixtureforthisstation.
2. Explaintheconceptofafiltertothestudents.Afilterisamaterialwithverysmallholesthatallowcertainthings
throughbutnotothers.Filtersseparatebasedonsize––particlesthataresmallpassthrough,whileparticlesthatarebigdonot.
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3. Havestudentsthinkofsomeobjectstheyknowthatactlikefilters.Someexamplesstudentsmighthaveseenintheirownhouseincludeacolander,awindowscreen,andacoffeefilter.
4. Tofilterthemud,placeapieceoffilterpaperinafunnelandinsertthefunnelintoanemptybeaker.
5. Slowlypoursomeofthemudpreparedatthebeginningofthelessonintothefunnel.Studentscantaketurnspouringaswell.
6. Askthestudentstowritedowntheirobservationsontheirworksheetorintheirsciencejournals.Somequestionstohelpguidetheirobservationinclude:Whatcoloristheliquidpouringintothebeaker?Isitcompletelyclear?Whatmightthatsayaboutsomeoftheparticlesinmud?Whatdoesthesubstancelooklikethat’sleftbehindinthefunnel?Isitcompletelydry?Howmightyouseparatetherestofthewaterinit?
Station4:ManualSeparation
1. PresentthestudentswithabowlofChexMix(oralternative).MakeitclearthattheChexmixisnottobeeatenbecauseitispartofanexperiment.
2. BrainstormvariouswaystosorttheChexMix.Especiallyforthegroupswhovisitthisstationtowardstheendofclass,askifanyofthetechniquestheyhaveseenbeforemightbehelpful.
3. Afteraminuteorsoofbrainstorming,havethestudentssorttheChexMix.StudentscanmakedifferentpilesofChexMixpiecesonthetabletop.Initially,beintentionallyvague:therearemanydifferentwaystosortthevarious
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components,includingbysize,shape,color,ortexture.
4. AftertheyhavesortedtheChexMixoneway,askthemtosortitinadifferentway.YoumayhavetoremindthestudentstothinkaboutdifferentpropertiesoftheChexmix.
5. HaveafriendlycompetitiontoseewhichgroupcansorttheChexMixinthemostwaysinthegiventimeperiod.
6. YoumaywanttoalsohavesomeextraChexMix(orotherkindoffood)handytogivetothekidsattheendoftheexperiment,sincetheywillbeverytemptedbytheChexMix.
AssessmentAssessmentwillbebasedonparticipationinexperimentalstationsandthefollowingprompt:IntheirScienceJournals,havestudentsmakealistofallthephysicalandchemicalchangestheyobservedduringthelesson.
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Lesson8:IntroductiontoQualitativeAnalysis
BACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonThislessonwillintroducestudentstotheconceptofqualitativeanalysisthroughhands-onactivitiesandobservations.Thevocabularyforthislessonwillbepre-taught,andthestudentswillusetheirobservationalskillstofirstseparateandclassifyajarofpebblesbeforemovingontofive“unknown”substances.Studentswillexaminethefivesubstancesusingcolor,hardness,andreflectivityinordertocreateaclaimaboutwhateachsubstanceis.Studentswillalsodiscussthedifferencesbetweenqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisandthepositiveandnegativeaspectsofqualitativeanalysis.ThislessondirectlyrelatestotheCEPA,soensurestudentscomprehendtheinformationbeforeproceedingontolesson9.FocusStandardsPS1-3Makeobservationsandmeasurementstoidentifysubstancesbasedontheiruniqueproperties,includingcolor,hardness,reflectivity,electricalconductivity,thermalconductivity,responsetomagneticforces,andsolubility.ELAWritingStandard(2017)1.Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.
a. Introduceatopicortextclearly,stateanopinion,andcreateanorganizationalstructureinwhichideasarelogicallygroupedinparagraphsandsectionstosupportthewriter’spurpose.
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StudentLearningTargets• Icanidentify,define,anddescribethecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofmatter.• Icanutilizethecharacteristicsofmattertocompareandcontrastdifferenttypesofmatter.
AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedbasedonparticipationintheclassdiscussionsandactivitiesandontheirresponsetothefollowingpromptintheirScienceJournals:Howdothemethodsusedinthefirstactivityrelatetothemethodsusedinidentifyingandclassifyingthematerialslaterinthelesson?Arethereotherwaysthatonecandistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofmatter?Isqualitativeanalysisapreciseorimprecisemethodofdistinguishingbetweendifferenttypesofmatter?WIDALanguageObjectives
TBD
TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabularyTier2:Reflectivity,Tier3:Luster,Qualitative,Quantitative
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1pergroup Flashlight Bin1 LargeGlassJar Bin1bag Pebblesofdifferentsize,shape,color,reflectivity,etc. Bin
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1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“A”
Salt Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“B”
BakingSoda Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“C”
ChalkPowder Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“D”
Wax Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“E”
Nails Bin
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
LESSONDETAILSVocabularyActivityTeacherscanpre-teachthevocabularyusinganymethodthattheydeemtobeappropriate.Anexampleofthisisthe“4-square”method.LessonOpening/ActivatorDividestudentsintogroupsofthreeandshowthemthejarfilledwithdifferentpebbles.Askthegroupstoobservethejarandwritedownatotaloffivecharacteristicsofthedifferenttypeofpebbles.Thenaskthegroupstoraisetheirhandsandusethecharacteristicstheywrotedowntoidentifythedifferenttypeofpebbles.(Forexample:thebluepebbles,thelargestpebbles,thesmoothpebbles,theshinypebbles,etc.).Performthisactivityuntilallthedifferenttypesofpebbleshavebeenidentified
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anddifferentiatedbasedontheiruniquecharacteristics.Explainthatthistypeofidentificationis“qualitative”,meaningitissense-based(sight,touch,smell,etc…)asopposedto“quantitative”(number-based).Ifstudentsarestrugglingdifferentiatingbetweenqualitativeandquantitative,breakdownbothvocabularywordstotheirroots(“quality”and“quantity”)andusethosetoassistthestudentsincomprehendingthedifferences.[SP8-Obtaining,Evaluating,andCommunicatingInformation]
DuringtheLesson(Makesurethestudentsdonottastethesubstancesinthefollowingsteps!)1. Discusshowscientistsusedifferentmethodsofobservationandmeasurementtodifferentiatebetweenthedifferent
substancesintheworld.Tellstudentsdependingonhowthesecharacteristicschangethechangeinmattercanbeclassifiedaschemicalchanges(wherethepropertyofmatterchanges)andphysicalchanges(wherethestateofmatterchanges).Thisallowsfortheopportunitytoreviewinformationfrompreviouslessonsandbolsteritasneeded.
2. Explaintostudentsthatcharacteristicsofmattercanbefoundbyobservingthe:
• Color• Hardness• Reflectivity
Displaytheincludedpicturesofthedifferentcriteriathroughanimageprojectortogivethestudentsavisualaidforthisportionofthelesson.
3. Dividetheclassintogroupsoffourandpresenttoeachgroupasmallquantityofsalt,bakingsoda,chalkpowder,waxandnails.Substancesshouldbelabeledwithaletterbutotherwiseshouldnotbenamedoridentifiedinanyway.
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4. InstructthestudentstoexamineallofthesubstancesandwritedowntheobservationsofthedifferentcharacteristicsintheirScienceJournals:
• Color-studentswritedownthecolorobserved.• Hardness–studentsusetheirfingersinordertofeeleachtypeofmatterinordertoascertaintherespective
relativehardness.Instructthestudentstowashtheirhandsaftercompletingthisqualitativetest.• Reflectivity–studentsuseaflashlighttoseeifthereisanyreflectivity.
5. Afterallthesubstanceshavebeenanalyzed,askeachgroupwhattheypredicteachsubstanceisandwritedownthose
predictionsonthewhiteboard.Alloweachgrouptimetoexplainwhytheypredictedwhattheydid.
6. Writethenamesofthedifferenttypesofmatteronthewhiteboard,holdingupeachdistincttypeasyouexplainwhattheyare.Thisstepwillallowthestudentstoconnectauditorylearningwithvisuallearning.
7. Afterreviewingtheactualnamesofthesubstances,givethegroupstimeforreflectiononwhethertheirpredictions
weresupportedorrefuted,andgivethemtheopportunitytosharethemainpointsoftheirdiscussionswiththeclass.[SP4-AnalyzingandInterpretingData]
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LessonClosing1. Afterthepreviousdiscussionhasbeencompleted,givethestudentstimetorespondtothefollowingpromptintheir
ScienceJournals:Howdothemethodsusedinthefirstactivityrelatetothemethodsusedinidentifyingandclassifyingthematerialslaterinthelesson?Arethereotherwaysthatonecandistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofmatter?Isqualitativeanalysisapreciseorimprecisemethodofdistinguishingbetweendifferenttypesofmatter?
2. Afterthestudentshavefinishedrespondingtothisprompt,havethemsharewhattheywrotewiththerestoftheclass
(thiscanbeextendedorshortenedbasedontimeconstraints).AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedbasedonparticipationintheclassdiscussionsandactivitiesandontheirresponsetothefollowingpromptintheirScienceJournals:Howdothemethodsusedinthefirstactivityrelatetothemethodsusedinidentifyingandclassifyingthematerialslaterinthelesson?Arethereotherwaysthatonecandistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofmatter?Isqualitativeanalysisapreciseorimprecisemethodofdistinguishingbetweendifferenttypesofmatter?
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Usethispageaspossiblecolorexamplesbutexplaintostudentstheycanuseanycolordescriptortheyfinduseful.Qualitativeassessmentscanvarybasedonwhoismakingtheobservation(thoughthey’reusuallyfairlyconsistent).
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ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson9:ElectricalandThermalConductivityBACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonThislessonrequiresmaterialsthatmustbepreparedaheadoftime.Studentswillobservequantitativecharacteristicsofmatterthroughaseriesofexperimentsanddemonstrations.Thepropertiestobestudiedareelectricalconductivity,thermalconductivity,responsetomagneticforces,andsolubility.Thelessonwillconcludewithabriefdiscussionoferrorinmeasurementduringexperiments.FocusStandardsPS1-3Makeobservationsandmeasurementstoidentifysubstancesbasedontheiruniqueproperties,includingcolor,hardness,reflectivity,electricalconductivity,thermalconductivity,responsetomagneticforces,andsolubility.SpeakingandListeningStandards(2017)Engageeffectivelyinarangeofcollaborativediscussions(one-on-one,ingroups,andteacher-led)withdiversepartnerson
grade5topicsandtexts,buildingonothers’ideasandexpressingtheirownclearly.a.Cometodiscussionsprepared,havingreadorstudiedrequiredmaterial;explicitlydrawonthatpreparationandother
informationknownaboutthetopictoexploreideasunderdiscussion.(Seegrade5ReadingLiteratureStandard1andReadingInformationalTextStandard1forspecificexpectationsregardingtheuseoftextualevidence.)
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StudentLearningTargets• Icanmeasurequantitativepropertiesofmatterincludingthermalconductivity,electricalconductivity,responseto
magneticforces,andsolubility.• Icandiscusshowerrorsinmeasurementcanleadtodifferentresultsforthesameexperiment.
AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassexperimentsandresponsestothefollowingsciencejournalprompt:Havestudentswriteintheirsciencejournalsabouthowanexperimentcouldbeaffectedbyerrorsofmeasurement(forquantitativemeasures)orerrorsinobservation(forqualitativemeasures).TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabularyTier3:Conductivity,Solubility
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1 HotPlate Bin Water ClassroomTeacher1 MetalSpoon Bin1 WoodenSpoon Bin1 PlasticSpoon Bin4pergroup(16-20total) Beaker Bin
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1 Candle Bin1bag Salt Bin1bag Sugar Bin1box BakingSoda Bin1box ChalkPowder Bin1pergroup NailsorScrews Bin4pergroup(16-20total) Laminatednutritionlabelsfromvariousdrinks Bin1pergroup ElectricalCircuitwithmultimeter Bin1pergroup LED Bin1pergroup Scale Bin1pergroup Magnet Bin1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
LESSONDETAILSVocabularyActivityThevocabularyforthislessonshouldbepre-taughtbytheClassroomTeacherinanymannertheydeemappropriate.Anexampleofthisisthe“four-square”method.
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LessonOpening/ActivatorDividetheclassintosmallergroupsandgiveeachgroupasamplingofthelaminatednutritionlabels.Givethestudentsafewminutestowritedownthenutritionfactsfromthedrinknutritionlabels,usingthepercentofdailyvalueastheunitofmeasurement.Askthemwhichonehasthehighestofeachcategory.Showthemhowdifferentsubstancescanbecategorizedbymeasuringquantitativedifferences.IntroductiontoQuantitativeAnalysis
1. Reviewwiththestudentswhattheyrememberaboutqualitativeanalysis.Askthemhowtheyfiguredouthowdifferentmaterialshaddifferentproperties.Further,discusshowscientistsusedifferentmethodsofobservationandmeasurementtodifferentiatebetweenthedifferentsubstancesintheworldthataren’tbasedonqualitativereasoning.Talkabouthownumbersandprecisemeasurementscanalsobeusedtodifferentiatematerials.
2. Introducethefollowingpropertiesaswaysscientistsusetodifferentiatebetweendifferenttypesofmatter.Picturesof
eachpropertyareincludedattheendofthelesson.• Electricalconductivity• Thermalconductivity• Responsetomagneticforces• Solubility
3. Explainthatlikethenutritionfactsonthedrinks,eachofthesepropertiescanbemeasuredwithasinglenumberthatis
uniquefordifferenttypesofmatter.Inthislesson,thestudentswillmeasureelectricalconductivityandsolubilityquantitativelybutusequalitativemethodstomeasurethermalconductivityandresponsetomagneticforces.
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ThermalConductivity1. Theteacherwilldemonstratethepropertiesofthermalconductivityfortheclass,sincethisrequirestheuseofahot
plate.
2. Boilabeakerofwateronthehotplate.
3. Whilethewaterisboiling,useasmallcandletomeltwaxontotheendofthreespoons:onemetal,onewooden,andoneplastic.Allowthewaxtocoolandharden.
4. Whenthewaterhasboiled,placeallthreespoonsintothewater,waxsideup.Trytoanglethespoonssothatthewaxisnotinthecolumnofsteamrisingfromtheboilingwater.
5. Observethespoonsandnotewhichspoonmeltsthewaxthefastest.Whatdoesthisindicateaboutthethermalconductivityofeachsubstance?Makesurethestudentsunderstandthematerialwiththehighestthermalconductivitymeltsthewaxthefastest.
6. Explainalthoughthermalconductivitywasmeasuredqualitativelyinthisexperiment,scientistscanusequantitativedatatorepresentthermalconductivity.Itistypicallymeasuredintheamountofenergytransferredinaspecificdistanceataspecifictemperature.
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ExploringOtherQuantitativeProperties1. Dividetheclassintosmallgroupsandpresenttoeachgroupasmallquantityofsalt,sugar,chalkpowder,bakingsoda,
andnailsbesuretolabelthesewithaletter(A-E)butdonotidentifytheminanyway.
2. Eachgroupwillalsoreceivethreebeakersofwater,anelectricalcircuitwithanLEDandamultimeter,paperclips,amagnet,andascale.
3. Asthestudentsperformtheexperiments,tellthemtowritedowntheirqualitativeandquantitativeobservationsintheirScienceJournals.
Solubility
1. Studentswillmeasuresolubilitybythequantity(mass)ofamaterialthatcanbedissolvedinagivenvolumeofwater.2. Studentswillbegivenfourbeakerseachfilledwith50mLofwater.3. Weigheachbeakerusingthescale,andwritedownthisnumberinyoursciencejournal.4. Now,slowlyaddsalttothefirstbeaker,stirringconstantly.Keepaddingsaltuntilitstopsdissolving.Stopaddingas
quicklyaspossibleafteryouobserveparticlesthatdonotdissolve.5. Weighthebeakeragain.Howdoesitcomparetotheweightofjustwaterinthebeaker?Writethisnumberdownin
yoursciencejournal.6. Subtracttheweightofthebeakerofwaterfromthebeakerofsaltwatertoobtainthemassofsaltaddedtothewater.7. Dividethemassofsaltby50toobtainthesolubilityofsaltinunitsofgramspermilliliter.8. Repeatsteps4-7withthesugar,chalkpowder,andbakingsoda,usinganewbeakereachtime.9. Rankthematerialsfromhighestsolubilitytolowestsolubility.[PS-4Analyzingandinterpretingdata].10. Endbydiscussingwhetherthenailscanbedissolvedinwaterornot(andwhytheycannotbe).
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ElectricalConductivityTheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillprepareacircuitwithamultimetertomeasurecurrentaheadoftime.Connectthebatterydirectlytothemultimeterbyconnectingtheblackwireonthebatterytotheblackelectrodeonthemultimeter.Then,attachonealligatorcliptotheredwireonthebatteryandtheotheralligatorcliptotheredelectrodeonthemultimeter.Then,turnthemultimeteronto200mA(exactlyonequarterturnclockwise).Totestthatthecircuitissetupcorrectly,connectthetwoalligatorclipstogether.Themultimetershouldgiveanon-zeroreading.Experimentalsamplescanbetestedbyfasteningthealligatorclipsonoppositeendsofanail,orbyattachingthealligatorclipstopaperclipsandsubmergingthepaperclipsinasolution.”
Usethealligatorclipsonthewiresofthecircuittoconnecttothedifferentmaterialsandmeasuretheirelectricalconductivity.
1. Testthenailfirst.Placeonecliponeachsideofthenail.Writedownthenumberdisplayedonthemultimeter(thisisaquantitativeobservation).Then,observewhethertheLEDislitornot(aqualitativeobservation).Askthestudents
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whichofthesemeasurements––multimeterorLED––isquantitativeandwhichisqualitative.
2. Totesttheremainingmaterials,usethebeakerswithdissolvedmaterialsfromthesolubilityexperiment.
3. Insteadofplacingthealligatorclipsdirectlyinthebeakers,attachthemtopaperclipsandplacethepaperclipsinthewater.
4. Foreachmaterial,writedownthenumberdisplayedonthemultimeterandobservewhethertheLEDislitornot.
5. RankthematerialsfromhighestelectricalconductivitytolowestelectricalconductivityfirstusingonlytheLEDmeasurements.Then,havestudentscompletetherankingusingthemultimetermeasurements.Howdothesetworankingscompare?Whichismoreaccurate?Why?
ResponsetoMagneticForces
1. Passamagnetovereachsubstance.Observeifthesubstanceisattractedtothemagnetornotandwritedownobservationsinyoursciencejournals.
2. Whereasotherquantitativepropertiesaremeasuredwithnumbers,magneticattractionisquantifiedasallornone.LessonClosingDiscussasaclasseachgroup’smeasuredresults.Areallofthenumbersthesameoraretheydifferent?Isthisbecauseeachgroup’smaterialsaredifferentoristhereanotherexplanation?[PS-6Constructingexplanations].
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AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassexperimentsandresponsestothefollowingsciencejournalprompt:Havestudentswriteintheirsciencejournalsabouthowanexperimentcouldbeaffectedbyerrorsofmeasurement(forquantitativemeasures)orerrorsinobservation(forqualitativemeasures).
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ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson10:ConservationofMass,Part1
BACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonStudentswillbeginthislessonbydrawingmolecularmodelsofsolids,liquids,andgases.TheywillalsobeintroducedtotheLawofConservationofMassandwilltestthislawusingwaterinitsvariousforms(ice,water,andwatervapor).Thestudentswillexperimentwiththemeltingoficeandwillwatchavideodescribingevaporationandcondensation.Thislessonwillprovidethefoundationofscientificknowledgenecessaryforthenextlessonofthisunit.FocusStandardsPS1-2Measureandgraphtheweightsofsubstancesbeforeandafterareactionorphasechangetoprovideevidencethatregardlessofthetypeofchangethatoccurswhenheating,coolingorcombiningsubstances,thetotalweightofmatterisconserved.ELAWritingStandard(2017)1.Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.
a. Introduceatopicortextclearly,stateanopinion,andcreateanorganizationalstructureinwhichideasarelogicallygroupedinparagraphsandsectionstosupportthewriter’spurpose.
StudentLearningTargets
• Icandefineanddescribethecharacteristicsofthedifferentstatesofmatter.
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• IcandescribeandapplytheLawofConservationofMass.AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedbasedontheirparticipationinclassdiscussionsandactivitiesaswellasbytheirresponsetothefollowingpromptintheirScienceJournal:Describe,inyourownwords,theLawofConservationofMass.Whydoyouthinkthislawisimportant?TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:Freezing,Boiling,MeltingTier2:MassTier3:LawofConservationofMass,Proximity
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1 Hotplate Bin IceCubes ClassroomTeacher2 IceCubeTray Bin2 OvenMitts Bin1 Beaker Bin1perclass Scale(thatcanmeasureingrams) Bin1perclass ProjectorandInternetAccess ClassroomTeacher**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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VocabularyActivityThevocabularyforthislessonshouldbepre-taughtbytheClassroomTeacherinanymannertheydeemappropriate.Anexampleofthisisthe“four-square”method.LessonOpening/Activator
1. Havethestudentsdrawmolecularmodelsforthethreestatesofmatter(solid,liquid,andgas).Usethesemolecularmodelstodescribethethreestatesofmatterandhowtheatomsormoleculesofthesubstanceremainthesameduringthephasechangesbuttheproximity(closeness)oftheatomsormoleculeschanges.Askthestudentstodescribehowthis“looseness”ofatoms/moleculesisobservedwhenwaterchangesstatefromasolidtoaliquidtoagas.(Somecorrectanswerstothispromptwouldbe:describehowthedensitygoesdownduringthesephasechanges,howthevolumechangesduringthephasechanges,etc…)
2. Toreviewthethreedifferenttypesofstateofmatter,showthevideo(http://easyscienceforkids.com/all-about-states-of-matter/).
DuringtheLesson
1. Beginthislessonbyreviewingwhatstudentshavealreadylearnedaboutqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwilllistthedifferentattributesofqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisonthewhiteboard.Guidethediscussionbyaskingifthosecharacteristicschangewhenanygivenmattergoesthroughaphasechange.
2. Write“LawofConservationofMass”onthewhiteboard.Askstudentsiftheycandefinewhatthislawis,andifnot,guidethestudentstothecorrectdefinitionbybreakingdownthelawinto“conservation”and“mass”inordertoprovidehintsforthestudents.Afteraworkingdefinitionhasbeencreated,askstudentsif,accordingtothislaw,the
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massofagivensubstancechangeswhenitgoesthroughaphasechange.Afteraskingthisquestion,breakstudentsintopairsandhavethemcompletea“think-pair-share”(inwhichthestudentscomeupwiththeirownanswertothequestion,discussthisanswerwiththeirpartner,andthensharethepair’scombinedanswerwiththeclass).
3. Afterthepreviousdiscussioniscomplete,havethestudentsbringtheirattentiontothefrontoftheroomforademonstrationaboutwhetherasubstancelosesmasswhenitgoesthroughphasechange.Grababeaker,icecubes,andhotplate,andscale.Placeicecubsintheglassbeakerandthenweighthebeakerandhavestudentsrecordtheweightintheirsciencejournals.ThenhavestudentspredictwhattheythinkwillhappentotheweightofthebeakerwhentheiceismeltedandhavethemrecordtheirpredictionsintheirScienceJournals.
4. Turnonthehotplateandplacethebeakeronthemuntiltheiceismelted.Donotletthewaterboil!Assoonastheicefinishesmelting,removethebeaker(usingovenmitts)andweighthebeaker.Havethestudentsrecordthesecondweightanddiscussamongthemselveswhetherornottheirpredictionwassupportedorrefutedbeforesharingtheirresultswiththeclass.[SP4-AnalyzingandInterpretingData]
5. ShowtheYouTubevideo(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBUeXssJvz0)demonstratingtheevaporationandcondensationofwaterasitisheatedandcooled.Makesureyoustopthevideoat1:17(1minuteand17seconds).
6. Discusswhetherthevideosupportedorrefutedeachgroup’spredictions.[SP8-Obtaining,Evaluating,andCommunicatingInformation]
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LessonClosingDiscusshowmattercanexistindifferentstates.Discusstheimportanceofhavingmatterindifferentstatesintheworld(talkspecificallyabouthowwaterexistsinallthreestatesonEarth––whatdoesthismeanforourenvironmentsandecosystems?).Askstudentswhathappenswhendifferentmaterialsmixwitheachother.Inpreparationofthenextlesson,askstudentsiftheoriginalmaterialsmaintaintheirproperties.
AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassexperimentsandresponsestothefollowingsciencejournalprompt:Havestudentswriteintheirsciencejournalsabouthowanexperimentcouldbeaffectedbyerrorsofmeasurement(forquantitativemeasures)orerrorsinobservation(forqualitativemeasures).
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Lesson11:ConservationofMass,Part2
BACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonStudentswillbeginthislessonbyparticipatinginahands-onactivitywithmodelingclaythatexemplifieshowtheLawofConservationofMassappliestomixturesaswellastowhatwaslearnedinthepreviouslesson.ThestudentswillthenproceedtowatchavideobeforecompletinganexperimentinwhichtheyweighwaterandKool-Aidindividuallybeforeweighingthemixture(theywillcompletethisexperimentwithsaltnext).Thislessonallowsstudentsmoreopportunitytopracticepredicting,observing,andconcludingandwillfurthertheirmasterywithunderstandingandapplyingtheLawofConservationofMass.FocusStandardsPS1-2Measureandgraphtheweightsofsubstancesbeforeandafterareactionorphasechangetoprovideevidencethatregardlessofthetypeofchangethatoccurswhenheating,coolingorcombiningsubstances,thetotalweightofmatterisconserved.SpeakingandListeningStandard(2017)Engageeffectivelyinarangeofcollaborativediscussions(one-on-one,ingroups,andteacher-led)withdiversepartnerson
grade5topicsandtexts,buildingonothers’ideasandexpressingtheirownclearly.a.Cometodiscussionsprepared,havingreadorstudiedrequiredmaterial;explicitlydrawonthatpreparationandotherinformation
knownaboutthetopictoexploreideasunderdiscussion.
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(Seegrade5ReadingLiteratureStandard1andReadingInformationalTextStandard1forspecificexpectationsregardingtheuseoftextualevidence.)ELAWritingStandard(2017)Writeopinionpiecesontopicsortexts,supportingapointofviewwithreasonsandinformation.
a. Introduceatopicortextclearly,stateanopinion,andcreateanorganizationalstructureinwhichideasarelogicallygroupedinparagraphsandsectionstosupportthewriter’spurpose.
StudentLearningTargets
• IcanapplytheLawofConservationofMasstothemixingoftwoseparatetypesofmatter.• Icanidentifyandexplainthedifferentphasechangesthatcanoccurtomatter.• Icanexplainhow,whendifferenttypesofmatteraremixed,somepropertieschangewhileothersremainthesame.
AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassdiscussions,activities,andexperiments,aswellasontheirresponsetothefollowingpromptintheirScienceJournal:If,accordingtheLawofConservationofMass,mattercanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,onlychanged;doyouthinkthatmatterpermanentlykeepsanyofitspropertiesasitgoesthroughphasechanges?Arethereanyapplicationsofphasechangestoorfromliquidsthatareespeciallysignificanttoeverydaylife?
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TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabularyTier1:WeightTier2:PropertiesTier3:LawofConservationofMass
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher1pergroupand1fortheteacher
2ballsofmodelingclay(differentcolors) Bin
2pergroup WeighBoats Bin2pergroup Beaker Bin1perclass ContainerofKool-Aid Bin1perclass ContainerofSalt Bin3perclass Scale(thatmeasuresingrams) Bin1pergroup Spoon Bin**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSVocabularyActivityThevocabularyforthislessonshouldbepre-taughtbytheClassroomTeacherinanymannertheydeemappropriate.Anexampleofthisisthe“four-square”method.LessonOpening/Activator
1. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillbreakthestudentsintopairsanddistributethemodelingclay(eachpairgetstwodifferentcolorsofclay)andaskthepairstolistallofthepropertiesofbothcolorsofmodelingclaytheyobserve.Ascalewillbeavailableforthestudentstoweigheachballofmodelingclay.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenaskforvolunteersandhavethosevolunteerssharetheirobservedpropertieswiththeclass,witheithertheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowrecordingthepropertiesonthewhiteboard.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowthendemonstratehowtomixthetwoseparatecolorsofmodelingclaytogetherbeforeinstructingthestudentstodothesame.Aftertheclayhasbeenmixed,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillaskthepairstoonceagainlistthepropertiesofthemodelingclay(usingthescaleonceagain).Thepairswillthencompareandcontrastthe2differentlistsofpropertiesandwillsharewhatpropertiesremainedthesame(texture,etc…)andwhatchanged(weight,color,etc…).
2. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillusethisdiscussiontoemphasizethatweightisadditive(sothecombinedclayweighsthesameasthetwoseparateballsofclayaddedtogether).TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillguidethediscussiontofocusonwhatpropertiesremainedthesameandwhatpropertieschangedinordertoactivatepriorknowledgeregardingmixturesandtheLawofConservationofMass.[SP4-AnalyzingandInterpretingData]
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3. Toexemplifyhowsubstancesmixtogetherandtoemphasizethelearningfromtheopeningactivity,theteacherwillshowthevideoaboutmixingliquids(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5Y9Axrh7zA)(includingthesoundofthisvideoisoptionalanduptotheteacher’sdiscretion––itismainlyavisualaid)andtalkabouthowevenwhenliquidsaremixed,thecombinationstillcontainstheoriginalmaterialsanddisplayssomeoftheoriginalproperties.
DuringtheLesson
1. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillreviewthedifferentstagesofmatterbyonceagainbreakingthestudentsintopairsandaskingthemtolistallofthephasechangestheycanthinkof(evaporation,condensation,deposition,sublimation,etc.)beforesharingtheirlistswiththeclass.This“think-pair-share”activitywillremindstudentsmattercanchangeconstantly.
2. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenaskvolunteerstolisthowtheyhavemeasuredthedifferentpropertiesofdifferenttypesofmatterinpreviouslessons.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillusethisdiscussiontoposethefollowingquestion:whendifferentstatesandtypesofmattermix,wouldthemixturehaveanynewproperties?Ifso,whatdoyouthinktheywouldbe?Wouldyoupredictthattheweightofthemixtureisthesumoftheingredients?Theteacherwillonceagainemphasizethatweight,asaproperty,isadditive.
3. TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthendividethestudentsintofivegroups.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillthenaskthegroupstopredictwhatwillhappentotheweightofwaterwhenKool-Aidisaddedtoit.ThesepredictionswillbewrittendownintheScienceJournals,andvolunteerswillsharetheirpredictionswiththeclass,providingreasoningfortheirassertionsasnecessary.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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4. Thegroupswillthentaketurnsusingweighboatstomeasureout15gramsofKool-Aidonthescale.
5. Thegroupswillthenmeasureout240mLofwater,weighit,andrecordthatweightintheirScienceJournals.
6. ThegroupswillthenmixtheKool-Aidandwater(usingthespoons)andweightheresultingmixtureandthenrecordthatweightintheirScienceJournals.ThegroupswillthenworktoidentifyanycorrelationbetweentheweightofthemixtureandtheweightsofthewaterandKool-Aid.TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillwaitthreetofiveminutestoallowthegroupstimetoanalyzethedatabeforeaskingthestudentsiftheweightofthemixtureisthesameasthecombinedweightsoftheKool-Aidandwater,andifeachgroup’sobservationssupportedorrefutedtheirpredictions.[SP8-Obtaining,Evaluating,andCommunicatingInformation]
7. ThegroupswillthenbeaskedtopredictifthesameresultswouldoccuriftheKool-Aidwerereplacedwithsalt.Afterthesepredictionshavebeenmadeandshared,thepreviousexperimentwillberepeatedwithsaltinsteadofKool-Aid.
8. Aftertheexperimenthasconcluded,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillonceagainaskthegroupstosharetheirobservationsandwhethertheirsecondpredictionwascorrectornot?Iftheirhypothesiswasrefuted,whydotheythinktheirpredictionwaswrong?
LessonClosingAfterthecompletionoftheexperiments,theClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowwillaskthestudentstocompletea“think-pair-share”(orotheractivitythatcanbechosenbytheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellow)forthefollowingquestion:HowdotheexperimentsthatwerejustcompletedsupportorrefutetheLawofConservationofMass?Afterthepairshavecompletedtheiranswers,theywillsharethemwiththeclass.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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AssessmentStudentswillbeassessedonparticipationinclassdiscussions,activities,andexperiments,aswellasontheirresponsetothefollowingpromptintheirScienceJournal:If,accordingtheLawofConservationofMass,mattercanneitherbecreatedordestroyed,onlychanged,doyouthinkthatmatterpermanentlyretainsanyofitspropertiesasitgoesthroughphasechanges?Arethereanyapplicationsofphasechangestoorfromliquidsthatareespeciallysignificanttoeverydaylife?
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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CurriculumEmbeddedPerformanceAssessment(CEPA):Studentswill:
• Workingroupsofthreetoidentifyanunknownsubstanceusingqualitativeanalysis.• Predictwhatthesubstanceisbasedoninitialobservations.• Concludewhetherthegroup’sinitialpredictionwassupportedorrefutedbythequalitativeobservations.
ClassroomTeacherwill:
• Createahandoutdesignedtoexplaintheproceduretothegroupsofstudents.• Developarubrictoaccuratelyandeffectivelygradethemembersofeachgroupbasedonparticipation,useofscientific
equipment,presentation,accuracy,andanyotherfacetoftheCEPAactivitythattheteachersdeemsfittobegraded.• Assistthegroupsasnecessarytoinsurecomprehension.
Explanationofprocedure:1. TheClassroomTeacherwilldecidewhattypeofmatterthateachgroupisgivenbasedonthesubstancesexamined
throughoutthecourseofthelesson(bakingsoda,chalkdust,salt,wax,orflour).2. Thestudentswillrecordtheirpredictions,observations,andconclusionsintheirScienceJournals.3. Thegroupswillusethisinformationtosynthesizeapresentationinwhichtheyintroducetheirunknownsubstance,
explaintheirpredictionsandobservations,andconcludewhatthesubstanceactuallyis.(TheClassroomTeacherorScienceFellowcaninterjectasappropriatetoguidediscussion).
Procedure(fortheteacher):
• ReviewLesson8:QualitativeAnalysis.• Reviewthesubstancesexploredthroughoutthecourseoftheunit.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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• Breaktheclassintogroupsofthreestudents.• DistributetheCEPAhandout.• Explaineachgroupwillbegivenanunknownsubstanceandthattheymustusethequalitativemethodslearnedin
Lesson8andthroughoutthecourseoftheunit,topredict,observe,andconcludewhattheythinktheirsubstanceis.• Thesubstances(bakingsoda,chalkdust,salt,wax,orflour)willthenbedistributedinbagslabeledA-E(respectively).• ThestudentswillhaveaccesstoalltheequipmentusedinLesson8.• Thestudentswillrecordtheirobservationsusingtextorillustrations,andafterthehavefinishedtheirexaminations,
willprepareapresentationbasedonthoseobservationsusingapieceofchartpaper.• Thegroupswillsharetheirdata,predictions,observations,andconclusionswiththeclass.• Thegroupswillbegradedbasedonthefollowingrubric.• Theposterscanbehungthroughouttheclassroomorhallwaytoexemplifystudentwork.
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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ListofUnitResourcesLesson1
Quantity Item Source1 Scale Bin1 Thermometer Bin1 Beakers Bin1 HandLens Bin1perstudent ScienceJournals ClassroomTeacher1 Projector ClassroomTeacher
Lesson2
Quantity Item Source1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher1perstudent MatterisEverywhereArticleandQuestions Binder1pergroup Chartpaper ClassroomTeacher
Lesson3
Quantity Item Source1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher
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Lesson4Quantity Item Source
1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher1perstudent SafetyGlasses Bin1perclass SprayableAirFreshener Bin
1perclass EssentialOilofOrange Bin1perclass PlasticBucket Bin1perclass TallDrinkingGlass Bin1perclass RollofPaperTowels Bin1perclass 10GallonAquarium Bin1perclass LiquidBubbles Bin1perclass UnitofDryIce(includingtongs,goggles,andgloves) ContactCollegeLiaison3
dayspriortolesson10perclass Balloonsorrubbergloves Bin5perclass FilmCanister Bin1perstudent “StatesofMatter”Comic BinderLesson5
Quantity Item Source1bottle VegetableOil BinAsneeded Water ClassroomTeacher
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Asneeded Ice ClassroomTeacher1bag Flour Bin1box Salt Bin4 Beakers Bin1pieceperstudent Play-Doh Bin1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacherLesson6
Quantity Item Source1perstudent ChemicalChangeRecordingSheet Binder1permemberoftheclass Safetyglasses Bin1box Bakingsoda Bin1bottle Whitevinegar Bin2balloons Latex-freeBalloons Bin1unit Flask Bin1package LongMatches Bin25units Beaker Bin1bottle Milk ContactSueBeauchamp1unit Squeezebottle Bin5tablets Alka-Seltzertablets Bin Water ClassroomTeacher
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Atleast125mL Lemonjuice Bin2units Thermometer Bin2units Spoon Bin6pieces Steelwool Bin1roll Aluminumfoil BinLesson7
Quantity Item Source1bag Kool-Aidpowder Bin Dirt Bin4 IronFilings/Sandintubes Bin1bag Sand Bin1bag ChexMixoralternativeforthosewhohaveallergies ClassroomTeacher3 LargeBeaker Bin1 SmallBeaker Bin1 HotPlate Bin4 Filter Bin1 Funnel Bin2 Bowl Bin1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher2-3 Magnets(tomoveironfillings) Bin
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson8Quantity Item Source
1pergroup Flashlight Bin1 LargeGlassJar Bin1bag Pebblesofdifferentsize,shape,color,reflectivity,etc. Bin1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“A”
Salt Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“B”
BakingSoda Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“C”
ChalkPowder Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“D”
Wax Bin
1bagpergroupand1bagforteacher,labeled“E”
Nails Bin
Lesson9
Quantity Item Source1 HotPlate Bin Water ClassroomTeacher1 MetalSpoon Bin
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1 WoodenSpoon Bin1 PlasticSpoon Bin4pergroup(16-20total) Beaker Bin1 Candle Bin1bag Salt Bin1bag Sugar Bin1box BakingSoda Bin1box ChalkPowder Bin1pergroup NailsorScrews Bin4pergroup(16-20total) Laminatednutritionlabelsfromvariousdrinks Bin1pergroup ElectricalCircuitwithmultimeter Bin1pergroup LED Bin1pergroup Scale Bin1pergroup Magnet Bin1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacherLesson10
Quantity Item Source1 Hotplate Bin IceCubes ClassroomTeacher2 IceCubeTray Bin
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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2 OvenMitts Bin1 Beaker Bin1perclass Scale(thatcanmeasureingrams) Bin1perclass ProjectorandInternetAccess ClassroomTeacherLesson11
Quantity Item Source1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher1pergroupand1fortheteacher
2ballsofmodelingclay(differentcolors) Bin
2pergroup WeighBoats Bin2pergroup Beaker Bin1perclass ContainerofKool-Aid Bin1perclass ContainerofSalt Bin3perclass Scale(thatmeasuresingrams) Bin1pergroup Spoon Bin