matter: it’s what the world is made of.. what is matter? matter is anything that has mass and...
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Matter:It’s what the world
is
made of.
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What is matter?
Matter is anything
that has mass
and takes up space.
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STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
•The Four States of MatterThe Four States of Matter
• Four StatesFour States
SolidSolid
LiquidLiquid
GasGas
PlasmaPlasma
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STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
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Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.
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STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Increase
InHeat
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STATES OF MATTERLIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Increase
InHeat
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STATES OF MATTERGAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Increase
InHeat
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PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement DuringPhase Change
Solid to liquid
MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
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PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
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GAS
LIQUIDSOLID
CONDESNATIO
N
VAPORIZATIO
N
MELTING
FREEZING
SUBLIMATION
DEPOSITION
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But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…
between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?
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STATES OF MATTERPLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
• Plasma is the common state of matter
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STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place
to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
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Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
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2. Lightning
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3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
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The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
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Solids
• Solids have definite shape and definite volume.
• Solids have mass.• Solids take up space.
Read more!
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Particles in Solids:
• Are packed tightly together
• Have very little energy
• Vibrate in place
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Liquids
• Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume.
• Liquids have mass.• Liquids take up space.
Read more!
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Particles in Liquids:
• Are loosely packed
• Have medium energy levels
• Particles flow around each other
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Gases
• Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume.
• Gases have mass.• Gases take up
space.
Read more!
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Particles in Gases:
• Move freely
• Have LOTS of energy
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Plasma
• Lightning is a plasma.• Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.• Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles are electrically charged.
Read more!
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Particles in Plasma:
• Are electrically charged
• Have EXTREMELY high energy levels
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Energy determines the state!
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Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
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What will happen? Why?
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Changing States
• There are several names for matter changing states:
– State change
– Phase change
– Physical change