Matter• xRocks • ?Baby powder • ?Milk • ? Air • ?Light• ?Dust • Love• xCells • ?Atoms• ?Stars • ?Gravity• Magnetic force • ? dissolved sugar • ?Electricity

• ?Fire ?Smoke • xMars • xSalt • xJupiter • ?Steam • ?Rotten apples • ?Heat • ?Sound waves ?Water • ? Bacteria • ?Oxygen

Matter

• See & touch

• Touch, feel, shape, made of atoms

• Anything that has mass & takes up space

• Anything that takes up space & is tangible

• The atomic structure of an object

Matter vs energy

• Matter is anything that has mass & takes up space

• Energy, forces , emotions, ideas

Compound/Molecules

• Compound – 2 or more elements, held together with chemical bonds, the only way to separate the atoms is to break bonds

• MOLECULES are the smallest pieces of compounds

Mixture vs compound

• Mixture – 2 or more substances, unmix without a chemical reaction

• Air, salad

• Compound – 2 or more elements, held together with chemical bonds, the only way to separate the atoms is to break bonds MOLECULES

• Sugar, water

• What is chemistry?

• Why do we study it in Earth Science?

Warm up

• What is the smallest amount of gold, or other element, that has all the same properties?

hw

• Test 3 things (choose)

• Chromatography

• Water, rubbing alcohol needs parental supervision

• Fruit, vegetables, candy, juice, soda

• Describe what happened

• Study chromatograph

• Which pen

chromatography

• Separates a mixture

• Need a solvent

• 4 water based pens, water was the solvent

• 2 permanent pens, water did not work as a solvent

• 1 ball point pen

• Which ink traveled farthest?

• Which ink separated into the most colors?

• Which ink did not separate?

• Why did they behave differently?

• Molecules

• With your microscopic eyes, you can see what pen ink molecules, paper molecules and water molecules look like.

• Draw a model of how the molecules might be shaped. This model should explain why some ink molecules travel further than others.

• Jot down notes about what parts of chromatography or the model you are unsure of.

Lab Report

• Include

• Title

• Evidence and test results

• Guilty suspects (or not)

• Explain chromatography

• Model

lemonade

• A. between 230-255 g -

• B. between 255-280 g - 11

• C. 230 g -

• D. 280 g - 6

• E. 255 g – 1

HOW DO I KNOW IF A CHEMICAL REACTION OR CHEMICAL

CHANGE HAS TAKEN PLACE?• glow stick – can’t separate chemicals,

produces light

• Rockets – can’t separate chemicals, gas produced, fizz, pop

• Vinegar/baking soda

• Ice packs – absorbs heat

Properties

• Physical - color, size, ability to melt, ability to rip, bend

• Chemical – flammable, oxidizes, tarnishes

Physical vs chemical changes

• Chemical reaction/change – rearranging bonds to form different arrangements of atoms and molecules

• Physical change ?– Melting– Freezing– Mixing/unmixing

Symbols• Always: 1st letter upper case, 2nd lower case

Hydrogen – H Calcium - Ca

Carbon - C Iron - Fe

Nitrogen - N Silver - Ag

Oxygen - O Gold - Au

Sodium - Na Lead - Pb

Silicon - Si Uranium - U

Sulfur - S Helium – He

Chlorine - Cl Nickel - Ni

Warm up

• How do you know if a chemical reaction has occurred?

• Absolute 0– No molecular movement– 0 Kelvin– (-273 C)– solid

States of Matter

• Solid – slight molecular motion– Shape and volume are set, low KE

• Liquid – Med KE, assumes shape, holds volume

• Gas– High KE, assumes shape & vol

Phase change

• Ice H2O

• Water H2O

• gas H2O

• Solid, liquid or gas

A phase change is when the state of matter goes from one state to another i.e. liquid to gas (evaporation)

Warm up

• A. Small ice cubes freeze at a higher temperature than large ice cubes

• B. Large ice cubes freeze at a higher temperature than small ice cubes

• C. All ice cubes freeze at the same temperature

Warm up

• Why don’t all elements behave the same?

element

• All the atoms are of the same kind –

• Silver ring – all of the atoms are silver atoms

• List of elements or types can be found on the periodic table

Chemistry

Atomic number = number of protons

Atomic mass = sum protons + neutrons

Neutral atom , protons = electrons

Carbon always has 6 protons,

Proton +charge

Neutron neutral

Electron -charge

ions

• Ion: protons not = electrons, charged particle

• Form when electrons are lost or gained to fill/empty outer shell

electrons

• Shells/energy levels

• 2, 8, 8

• Fill inside first and then out from nucleus

• Don’t want to be in semi-full shells, prefer full or empty

• Form bonds holding molecules/compounds together

Periodic Table

• A grouping of elements by similarities

• Families (vertical columns)

• similar chemical characteristics

• same number of electrons in outermost shell

• Rows –horizontal/ periods

• Same number of shell

• Isotopes – differ atomic mass (neutrons)

• Protons same

• Carbon

• Carbon 12, 6 p, 6 n, 6e

• Carbon 14, 6p, 8n, 6e

cubes

• same – shape, dimensions, volume – capacity or the amount of space that something occupies

• Different –mass, amount of matter

• Density – how “packed” something is

• D=mass/volume=m/v

Warm up

• Draw an atom of oxygen and of hydrogen.

• How are they alike / different?

Test over chemistry• Multiple choice – 15 to20 questions

• Name 10 of the following symbols.

• Show how the density changes in each state of matter

• Identify the information from the periodic table.

Apply or explain labs

• other open response.