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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 1 Todays Extension of Intercultural Competence, Intercultural Concepts and their Applications Intercultural Horizon, Siena October, 8th 2013 MAURA DI MAURO www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Aims Describe two main ways at looking at intercultural communication, and at intercultural competence, based upon two main conceptions of communication and of culture Reflect on the extension of the classical concept of intercultural competence and their application, due to nowadays cultural changes, globalization phenomena, new global assets, financial crisis, and the complexity of stakeholder requests 2 www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Contents 1. The origin of Intercultural Communication and of Intercultural Competence 2. The development of Intercultural Communication and of Intercultural Competence 3. The evolution of Intercultural Communication and of Intercultural Competence 4. The extension of Interculturalism to Social Responsible and Sustainable practices 3 www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 4 1. The origin of Intercultural Communication and of Intercultural Competence TODAYS EXTENSION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE, INTERCULTURAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 A definition of Interculture Interculture = relationships between cultural identities Intercultural relationships Intercultural communication Intercultural negotiation and mediation Intercultural training Intercultural competence Intercultural policies and governance sistem www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 5

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Ethnografic methodology: Studies on integration processes Thomas & Znaniecki: Studies on stereotypes and cultural filters Establishment of FSI training division for diplomatics and technitions Allport: studies on prejudges ETHNOGRAFIC METHODOLOGIES: INTEGRATION PROCESSES LANGUAGE TRAINING 19201930 1945 19501959 Back to the roots of Intercultural Communication www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 6

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Introduction of the concept of Cultural Schock and of Intercultural Competence Development and spread of multinationals INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT 19601976197719902000 1971 1980 PROCESSES FACILITATION Virtual team, CRS, sustainability 19912008 From the roots to the development of Intercultural Communication www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 7

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 The concept of Intercultural Competence In general, Intercultural Competence are included within relational competence and refers to different roles and contexts Is the capability to behave appropriate (coherent with the rules and the expectations of a given cultural context) and effective (able to succeed in the light of ones personal goals and objectives within cultural diverse contexts) The concept is rooted in an Anglo-Saxon pragmatism, which emphasizes individual achievement, pertinence and effectiveness www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 8

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 9 2. The development of Intercultural Communication and of Intercultural Competence TODAYS EXTENSION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE, INTERCULTURAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Communication as messages transmission 1950s, Shannon & Weaver: The communication model is based on the methaphor of the telecommunication systems www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 10

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Culture as a reified concept Human societies are built of culture, a thing that homologates and separates them: culture is a monolithic reality Culture is a property of people, groups, organization, made up of traditions, norms, values, principles Cultural differences can be measured and compared on a graded scale along lines of certain cultural and ethical dimensions www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 11

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 maura.dimauro@libero.it www.mauradimauro.weebly.com Culture as a reified concept Plus Furnishing a starting point for understanding a specific culture Favours the understanding of certain cultural differences and intercultural misunderstandings Highlights the need to change ones interpretative framework and to make behavioural adaption Reduces anxiety and uncertainty in encountering a diverse culture Minus Emphasizing the internal homogeneity of a target group, leading to over- generalizations and stereotypes Impossible to offer recipes or exhaustive does and donts for each existing culture Difficulty to identifying oneself as belonging to a single pure culture identity 12

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 13 3. The evolution of Intercultural Communication and of Intercultural Competence TODAYS EXTENSION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE, INTERCULTURAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Communication as dialogical conversations 70s-80, Habermans, Grice,: Interaction and dialogue between conversations participants and within oneself www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it Negotiation and meaning construction 14

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 From a reified to a narrative concept of culture www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it Reified culture Considers culture as static and crystallized Emphasises deep cultural differences, cultural groups homogeneity and purity Cultural characteristics and groups traditions are described Narrative culture Considers culture in their dynamism and evolution Considers cultural differences but it reduces the use of culture dimensions, and of us vs. you contrapositions Cultural reality have porous edges, where interactions and exchanges occurs, as well traditions and innovation 15

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Culture as a narrative concept Culture is an open and complex relationship system, where interactions, as well, storytelling are interconnected Culture itself is a mediation system: a space of exchanges Culture is a polyphonic narration where a multiplicity of actors participate building it (Bachtin, 1981; Mantovani, 1998) www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 16

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Conversations and Storytelling as intervention tools Intercultural communication as an occasion to become aware of assumptions, to understand and to consider different moral positions and values It allows to explore antagonisms of different groups or identities (e.g., different institutions, associations, organized groups, and so on) Conversations and storytelling become intervention tools, through which people and organizations can collaborate, reflect on, and co-create new solutions www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 17

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 The evolution of the concept of Intercultural Competence From Intercultural competence as the ability to consider different perceptions and different ways of constructing meaning, by using appropriate mindset and skills To Intercultural competence as the ability to recognize differences in a cultural capital and to be able to interact with them. No more something inside a person, or that a person can have with a certain degree; but something socially distributed and shared, among different actors and within a certain context www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 18

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 The evolution of the concept of Intercultural Competence Becomes important: To be sensitive to shape diversity (i.e. to process an intercultural gaze) To know how to recognize and to map diversity To be capable of activating and faciliting inclusive processes To listen actively, being open to different sense-making frameworks without to stuck in a rigid perspective or fixed identity To be able to integrate different perspectives, values and opinions, thus make it possible to create alternative narratives, new knowledge construction, and eventually re-design practices, policies, processes www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 19

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 20 4. The extension of Interculturalism to Social Responsible and Sustainable practices TODAYS EXTENSION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE, INTERCULTURAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Culture as a marker of identities www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it Outseurces employeees Employees, Internal unites Environments Clients, consumers, users Trainers, consultants CFO, partners Stakeholders Public Administration Collectivty Unites, parties Mass- media No profit organizations Local community Schools, university 21 Supplyers

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Cultural identities protest and straggle for their own recognition www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 22

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Some examples of bad Stakeholders Management www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 23

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Some examples of bad Stakeholders Management www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 24

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Some examples of bad Stakeholders Management www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 25

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Some examples of good Stakeholders Management www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 26

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Some examples of good Stakeholders Management www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 27

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Some examples of good Stakeholders Management www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 28

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Stakeholders Management applications Organizational knowledge sharing and creation: i.e. organization improvement or innovation processes Alternative ideas generation, product or services co-designing, in order to answer customers' or users new needs and requests Designing and implementing socially responsible or sustainable organizational communication campaigns, policy and practices www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 29

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Conclusions The success of an organization today depends more and more on: Customer and client fidelity Brand trust and reputation Organization's ability to manage multi-stakeholder relationships Organizations ability to implement socially responsible practices sustainable in the long term www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 30

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Learnings The evolution of intercultural communication processes into complex multi-stakeholder relationships requires managers that have greater intercultural competence A new generation of managers is needed: one that can see diversity from an intercultural perspective, and that can handle relations involving internal and external diversity or identity differences Managers need to be able to include different interlocutors in conversational processes, to integrate their points of view into responsible and sustainable organizational decision making and into implementation in the organizational processes www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 31

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Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Via Ciceri Visconti Laura 10/2 20137 Milano Tel. +39 340 3238701 Maura Di Mauro Intercultural Trainer, Coach & Consultant Tel. (+39) 02 / 43 1284 40 Mob. (+39) 340 / 32 38 702 E-mail: maura.dimauro@libero.itmaura.dimauro@libero.it www.mauradimauro.weebly.com maura.dimauro@libero.it 32