may 2004 @ cern physics with a multi-mwproton source 1 klaus jungmann, physics with a megawatt proto...
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Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004
• What is FundamentalWhat is Fundamental • Forces and SymmetriesForces and Symmetries• Fundamental FermionsFundamental Fermions• Discrete SymmetriesDiscrete Symmetries• Properties of Known Basic InteractionsProperties of Known Basic Interactions• ~ 1GeV versus ~ 30 GeV proton driver~ 1GeV versus ~ 30 GeV proton driver
Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen
Aspects ofAspects of
only scratching some examplesonly scratching some examples
Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004
Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen
Drawing on : Work of NuPECC Long Range Plan Working group on Fundamental
Interactions, 2003 :
H. Abele (D), L. Corradi (I), P. Herczeg (USA), I.B. Khriplovich (RU),
O. Nviliat (F), N. Severijns (B), L. Simons (CH), C. Weinheimer (D),
H.W. Wilschut (NL), K. Jungmann (NL)
H. Leeb (A), C. Bargholtz (S)
Assisted by: W. Heil, P. Indelicato, F. Maas, K. Pachucki, R.G Timmermans,
C. Volpe, K. Zuber
NSAC Long Range Plan 2002
EURISOL Physics Case 2004
Aspects ofAspects of
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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The Nature of Neutrinos Oscillations / Masses / 02-decay
T and CP Violation edm’s, D (R) coeff. in -decays, D0
Rare and Forbidden Decays 02-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, e 3e, N e
Correlations in -decay non V-A in-decay
Unitarity of CKM-Matrix n-,-, (superallowed -decays
Parity Nonconservation in Atoms Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+
CPT Conservation n, e, p,
Precision Studies within The Standard Model
Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure
Theoretical Support Positions at Universities
Experimentalists and Theorists
High Power Proton Driver Several MW Target Research
Cold and Ultracold Neutrons
Low Energy Radioactive Beams
Improved Trapping Facilities
Underground Facilities
Physics TopicsPhysics Topics Adequate EnvironmentAdequate EnvironmentHuman resources
Facilities
of NuPECC working group 2003
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The Nature of Neutrinos Oscillations / Masses / 02-decay
T and CP Violation edm’s, D (R) coeff. in -decays, D0
Rare and Forbidden Decays 02-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, e 3e, N e
Correlations in -decay non V-A in-decay
Unitarity of CKM-Matrix n-,-, (superallowed -decays
Parity Nonconservation in Atoms Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+
CPT Conservation n, e, p,
Precision Studies within The Standard Model
Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure
Theoretical Support Positions at Universities
Experimentalists and Theorists
High Power Proton Driver Several MW Target Research
Cold and Ultracold Neutrons
Low Energy Radioactive Beams
Improved Trapping Facilities
Underground Facilities
Physics TopicsPhysics Topics Adequate EnvironmentAdequate EnvironmentHuman resources
Facilities
Relating to a MW Proton Machine
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Physics TopicsPhysics Topics
Offer unique possibilities to gain
inside into fundamental processes
and into yet unexplained observed
facts in nature
Offer possibilities to measure
needed fundamental constants
with unprecedented accuracy
Relating to a MW Proton Machine
High Power Proton DriverHigh Power Proton Driver
To obtain sufficient particles
- Statistics Limitations
- Understanding Systematics
To enable Novel Techniques
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis a principle, law etc. serving as a basis”
Forces and SymmetriesForces and Symmetries
Global Symmetries Conservation Laws• energy• momentum• electric charge• lepton number• charged lepton family number• baryon number• …..
Local Symmetries Forces• fundamental interactions
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fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis a principle, law etc. serving as a basis”
Standard ModelStandard Model • 3 Fundamental Forces
• ElectromagneticElectromagnetic Weak Weak StrongStrong• 12 Fundamental Fermions
• Quarks, Leptons• 13 Gauge Bosons
• ,W+, W-, Z0, H, 8 Gluons
However However • many open questions
• Why 3 generations ? • Why some 30 Parameters?• Why CP violation ?• Why us?• …..
• GravityGravity not included
• No Combind Theory of GravityGravity and Quantum MechanicsQuantum Mechanics
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model
StrongStrong
GravitationGravitation
??
MagnetismMagnetism
ElectricityElectricityMaxwell
Glashow,Salam, t'Hooft,
Veltman,WeinbergWeakWeak
ElectroElectro --MagnetismMagnetism
ElectroElectro --WeakWeakStandard ModelStandard Model
GrantGrandUnificationUnification
not yet known?not yet known? Physics outside Standard ModelPhysics outside Standard ModelSearches for New PhysicsSearches for New Physics
Physics within the Standard ModelPhysics within the Standard Model
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Neutrinos Neutrino Oscillations Neutrino Masses
Quarks Unitarity of CKM Matrix
Rare decays Baryon Number Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour
New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon -Decay
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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E
LmP ij
4sin)2(sin)(
222
Neutrino-ExperimentsNeutrino-ExperimentsRecent observations could be explained by oscillations of massive neutrinos.
Many Remaining Problems• really oscillations ?• sensitive to m2
• Masses of Neutrino • Nature of Neutrino
• Dirac• Majorana
Neutrinoless Double -Decay
• Direct Mass Measurements are indicated Spectrometer• Long Baseline Experiments -beams new neutrino detectors ?
SuperkamiokandeSNO
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Neutrino-ExperimentsNeutrino-ExperimentsAre there new detection schemes ?Are there new detection schemes ?
• Water CherenkovWater Cherenkov• ScintillatorsScintillators• ........
• Directional sensitivity for low energies ?
• Air shower ?Air shower ?• Salt Domes ?Salt Domes ?
Only for Non- Accelerator Neutrinos ?
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Neutrinos Neutrino Oscillations Neutrino Masses
Quarks Unitarity of CKM Matrix
Rare decays Baryon Number Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour
New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon -Decay
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Unitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa MatrixUnitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
0*** tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
1|||||| 222 ubusud VVV
Unitarity:
Nuclear-decays
= 0.0032 (14)Neutron decay= 0.0083(28)= 0.0043(27)
Often found:
If you pick yourfavourite Vus !
)2(9992.0)4(0041.0)4(008.0
)3(041.0)8(9740.0)4(223.0
)12(0036.0)4(223.0)13(9754.0
tbtstd
cbcscd
ubusud
VVV
VVV
VVV
CKM Matrix couples weak and mass quark eigenstaes:
0.9739(5) 0.221(6)
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Unitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa MatrixUnitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
Nuclear-decays
= 0.0032 (14)Neutron decay= 0.0083(28)= 0.0043(27)
Experimental Possibilities
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CKM UnitarityCKM Unitarity
• May relate to New PhysicsHeavy Quark Mixing, Z‘,Extra Dimensions, Charged Higgs, SUSY, exotic muon decays, ... , more generations !
• Unfortunatetly: Situation is a mess !
VVud ud :: superallowed -decays 0.9740(3)(4)
neutron decay 0.9729(4)(11)(4) pion- decay 0.9737(39)(2)
VVus us :: Hyperons
e
eProblem !
• What can be done? Improve reliability of experiments independently pion- decay (theory clean!) , maybe: neutron- decay
Analyse existing K data, Ke3 experiments
Search for exotic muon decays Improve Theory
Numbers Compiled byW. Marciano,March ‘04
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Neutrinos Neutrino Oscillations Neutrino Masses
Quarks Unitarity of CKM Matrix
Rare decays Baryon Number Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour
New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon -Decay
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Muon Experiments Possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory -Expected Improvements
Muon Physics Possibilities at Muon Physics Possibilities at Any High Power Proton DriverAny High Power Proton Driver i.e. i.e. 4 MW 4 MW
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Old Muonium for Muonium-Antimuonium Conversion ?Old Muonium for Muonium-Antimuonium Conversion ?
• P(M) sin2 [const * (GMM/GF)*t]*exp[-*t]
• Background exp(- n *t) ; n-fold coincidence detection
• For GMM << GF M gains over Background• P(M) / Background t2 * exp[+(n-1)* *t]
Pulsed ACCELERATORPulsed ACCELERATOR
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Neutrinos Neutrino Oscillations Neutrino Masses
Quarks Unitarity of CKM Matrix
Rare decays Baryon Number Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour
New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon -Decay
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Vector [Tensor]
+
e
Scalar [Axial vector]
+
e
New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon -Decay-Decay
In Standard Model:Weak Interaction is
V-A
In general -decaycould be also
S , P, T
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Parity Parity Nonconservation in Atoms Nuclear Anapole Moments Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering
Time Reversal and CP-Violation Electric Dipole Moments R and D Coefficients in -Decay
CPT Invariance
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Beautiful confirmation of Standard Model
in the past !
Only little chances to contribute to forefront
(except leptoquark scenarios)
Usefull for measureing neutron distributions
Usefull to explore e.g. anapole moments
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Parity Parity Nonconservation in Atoms Nuclear Anapole Moments Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering
Time Reversal and CP-Violation Electric Dipole Moments R and D Coefficients in -Decay
CPT Invariance
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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1.610-27
•
Start TRIP
•199Hg
Radium potential
de (SM) < 10-37
Some Some EDMEDM Experiments compared Experiments compared
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EDMs – Where do they come from ?(are they just “painted“ to particles? Why different experiments? )
electron intrinsic ? quark intrinsic ? muon second generation different ? neutron/ proton from quark EDM ? property of strong
interactions ? new interactions ? deuteron basic nuclear forces CP violating?
pion exchange ? 6Li many body nuclear mechanism ? heavy nuclei (e.g. Ra, Fr) enhancement by CP-odd nuclear
forces,
nuclear “shape“ atoms can have large enhancement,
sensitive to electron or nucleus EDMs molecules large enhancement factors , sensitive
to electron EDM
.....
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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How does a ring edm experiment work ?How does a ring edm experiment work ?
• Exploit hugemotional electric fields for relativistic particles in highmagnetic fields • stop g-2 precession• observe spin rotation
For muons exploitdecay asymmetry
•Concept works•also for (certain)•Nuclei: d, 6Li, 213Fr, . .
N+ N+ N+
• One could use -decay• In general:any sensitive polarimeterworks
One needs for a successful experiment:• polarized, fast beam• magnetic storage ring• polarimeter
N+
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Some Candidate NucleiSome Candidate Nuclei
30y0.0119+2.84137/213755Cs
22 min<0.02+1.173/222387Fr
82.8 m+0.195+0.5101/27532Ge
-0.1426+0.8574121H
3.6 m0.083+0.4761/215769Tm
-0.1779+0.8220163Li
-0.12152.5507/212351Sb
-0.0305+2.7897/213957La
T 1/2
Reduced Anomaly
a
/NSpin JNucleus
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• R and D test both TTime RReversal VViolation
• DD most potential
• RR scalar and tensor (EDM, a)• technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B
TTime RReversal VViolation in -decay: Correlation measurements
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Parity Parity Nonconservation in Atoms Nuclear Anapole Moments Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering
Time Reversal and CP-Violation Electric Dipole Moments R and D Coefficients in -Decay
CPT Invariance
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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?
1810m
mmr
0
00
K
KK||
K
12102avga
|e
ae
a|3101.2
avgg
|e
ge
g|
er
CPTbreakb,a μμ Invariance LorentzbreakH,d,c,b,a μνμνμνμμ
?
CPT and Lorentz Non-Invariant Models
CPT tests
Are they comparable - Which one is appropriate
Use common ground, e.g. energies
Leptons in External Magnetic Field
Bluhm , Kostelecky, Russell, Phys. Rev. D 57 ,3932 (1998)
For g-2 Experiments :
Dehmelt, Mittleman,Van Dyck, Schwinberg, hep- ph/9906262
μμ qAiiD
0Dμγ5γμνidνDμγμνicμνσμνH21μγ5γμbμγμamμDμ(iγ
equation DIRAC violating Lorentz and CPT generic
ψ)
2clm
aΔω
lupspinE
|ldownspinEl
upspinE|
lr
l34bl
aωlaωaΔω
avg
ll2
l
cl
a|aa|
cm
ωr
24103.5μr21101.2er :: muonelectron
CPTCPT – ViolationLorentz Invariance Violation
What is best CPT test ?
New Ansatz (Kostelecky)
• K0 10-18 GeV/c2
• n 10-30 GeV/c2
• p 10-24 GeV/c2
• e 10-27 GeV/c2
• 10-23 GeV/c2• Future:
Anti hydrogen 10-18 GeV/c2
often quoted:
• K0- K0 mass difference (10-18)
• e- - e+ g- factors (2* 10-12)
• We need an interaction with a finite strength !
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants QED, Lamb Shift Muonium and Muon g-2 Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius Exotic Atoms Does QED vary with time?
QCD Strong Interaction Shift Scattering Lengths
Gravity Hints of strings/Membranes?
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Properties of known Basic InteractionsProperties of known Basic Interactions
Search for New PhysicsWhat are the hardronic corrections?
• e++e- hadrons• e++e- + hadrons
New activities Planned• statistics limited experiment• J-PARC, BNL • Fundamental constants needed• Muonium
“Proton Radius”
Muonic Hydrogen Lamb Shift
Pionic Hydrogen
Strong Interaction Shift
Muon g-2
Newest Theory Offer: 2.4 from Experiment
0, + mass differenceoverlooked ?
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Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants
QED, Lamb Shift Muonium and Muon g-2 Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius Exotic Atoms Does QED vary with time?
QCD Strong Interaction Shift Scattering Lengths
Gravity Hints of strings/Membranes?
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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Standing Waves of Ultra Cold NeutronsStanding Waves of Ultra Cold Neutronsin a gravitational fieldin a gravitational field
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Non Newtonian Gravity
Best Test 1 to 5 m
Grenoble GatchinaHeidelberg Cern
Standing Waves of Ultra Cold NeutronsStanding Waves of Ultra Cold Neutrons
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High power Proton DriverHigh power Proton Driver ~ 1GeV ~ 30 GeV~ 1GeV ~ 30 GeV
- -- -
The Nature of Neutrinos Oscillations / Masses / 02-decay
T and CP Violation edm’s, D (R) coeff. in -decays, D0
Rare and Forbidden Decays 02-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, e 3e, N e
Correlations in -decay non V-A in-decay
Unitarity of CKM-Matrix n-,-, (superallowed -decays
Parity Nonconservation in Atoms Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+
CPT Conservation n, e, p,
Precision Studies within The Standard Model
Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure
Physics TopicsPhysics Topics
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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ConclusionConclusionParticle Physics –Nuclear Physics ?Particle Physics –Nuclear Physics ?
• Gregory Breit,
when asked at Yale whether a new colleague should be an atomic theorist, a nuclear theorist, an astro-physcist or work in the then new field of particle physics:
> There are only Good Theorists and bad ones <> There are only Good Theorists and bad ones <• Accordingly:
It‘s time to build jointly a powerful machine to serve Good It‘s time to build jointly a powerful machine to serve Good
Physics. A Multi-Megawatt Proton Driver has a very Large Physics. A Multi-Megawatt Proton Driver has a very Large
Potential to serve Good Physics, particularly in the merging Potential to serve Good Physics, particularly in the merging
fields of nuclear, particle and astro-physics.fields of nuclear, particle and astro-physics.
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Thank YOU !
May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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May 2004 @ CERN Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
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SPARES