EWB PROJECT:

Document 526Post Implementation Report

Chapter: Worcester Polytechnic InstituteCountry: GuatemalaCommunity: GuachtuqProject: Rainwater Harvesting

Prepared ByAaron PepinEvelyn GraingerKaren OrtonBrandon ClarkLenna QuackenbushKatie PicchioneNikos KalaitzidisSienna Mayer

August 16, 2015

ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS USAwww.ewb-usa.org

Post Implementation Report Part 1 Administrative Information

1.0 Contact Information (correspondence regarding report reviews will be sent to the listed President, Project Leads, Mentors and Faculty Advisors)

Project TitleNameEmailPhoneChapter Name or Organization Name

Project LeadAaron Pepinajpepin@wpi.edu(603) 689-3869EWB-USA WPI

PresidentThomas Moutinhotjmoutinho@wpi.edu(207)831-7011EWB-USA WPI

Responsible Engineer in ChargeRodney Rookeyrodrookey@gmail.com(860)982-6567Centurion Waterproofing, Inc.

Traveling MentorRodney Rookeyrodrookey@gmail.com(860)982-6567Centurion Waterproofing, Inc.

Additional MentorPatricia Austinpat.austin@state.ma.us(508)792-7423x204Worcester DPW

Faculty Advisor (if applicable)Laureen Elgertlelgert@wpi.edu508-831-5452EWB-USA WPI

Health and Safety OfficerEvelyn Graingeregrainger@wpi.edu845-249-8847EWB-USA WPI

Assistant Health and Safety OfficerSienna Mayersjmayer@wpi.edu(603) 315-7062EWB-USA WPI

Education Lead Lenna Quackenbushlmquackenbush@wpi.edu(413)626-2966EWB-USA WPI

Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (PMEL) LeadKaren Ortonkcorton@wpi.edu(719) 216-6252EWB-USA WPI

In-country Community Contact Alvaro Cal LopezAlvaro.ck@hotmail.esUnknownCeCEP

In-country NGO ContactSucely Ical Lem cecep@intelnet.gyt(502)7950-4039CeCEP

In-country Local Government ContactJulio Romeo Suram Chuncecep@intelnet.gyt(502)7950-4039Municipalidad de San Cristbal

2.0 Travel History

Dates of TravelAssessment or ImplementationDescription of Trip

7/20/2010 - 8/03/2010AssessmentThis first trip consisted of meetings with the community members and town officials. Health surveys and water quality samplings were conducted.

7/23/2011 - 08/07/2011AssessmentCollected more data on water consumption, existing rainwater harvesting practices, and developed a memorandum of understanding with the community

12/31/2012 - 1/10/2013ImplementationPilot implementation of rainwater harvesting systems on two homes, assessment of homes for future implementation, and established a monitoring system

5/2/2013 - 5/15/2013AssessmentAssessment of pilot implementation, health survey and census of community. Also, home assessments for the next 10 homes and set up for next two implementations.

1/2/2014 - 1/14/2014ImplementationThis trip was an implementation trip that was funded by an EPA grant. Therefore there are no official EWB reports. Implemented at 2 homes and re-assessed 8 homes for future implementation. Also, further monitored project success.

5/8/2014 5/25/2014ImplementationImplemented on 8 homes in the community, conducted water quality tests, conducted family interviews and assessed the remaining homes for implementation.

1/3/2015 1/11/2015AssessmentVerified Home Designs and MOUs with the remaining 22 homes in the community. Visited Construction Stores to get quotes for the quantity of materials needed for the planned May implementation.

5/9/2015 5/25/2015ImplementationCompleted implementation of the rainwater harvesting systems on the remaining 22 homes in the community. Continued with water quality testing and ongoing monitoring.

3.0 Travel Team

#NameE-mailPhoneChapterStudent or Professional

1Aaron Pepinajpepin@wpi.edu(603) 689-3869EWB-USA WPIStudent

2Lenna Quackenbushlmquackenbush@wpi.edu(413) 626-2966EWB-USA WPIStudent

3Evelyn Graingeregrainger@wpi.edu(845) 249-8847EWB-USA WPIStudent

4Brandon Clarkbclark2@wpi.edu(508) 455-8864EWB-USA WPIStudent

5Sienna Mayersjmayer@wpi.edu(603) 315-7062EWB-USA WPIStudent

6Karen Ortonkcorton@wpi.edu(719) 216-6252EWB-USA WPIStudent

7Rodney Rookeyrodrookey@gmail.com(860) 982-6567EWB-USAWPIProfessional

8Laureen Elgertlelgert@wpi.edu(508) 450-3313EWB-USAWPIProfessional

4.0 Health and Safety

4.1 Incident ReportsDid any health or safety incidents occur during this trip? ___Yes_X_No

5.0 Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning

5.1 Canceled/Non-functioning ProjectsHas the status of any of this programs past-implemented projects changed to Canceled or Non-functioning? ___Yes _X_No

5.2 Is the updated version of the 901B Program Impact Monitoring Report included with this report? _X_Yes ___No

5.3 Is the signed Final 903 - Implementation Agreement included as an appendix to this report? _X_Yes ___No

6.0 Budget 6.1 Project Budget

6.2 Professional Mentor Team Hours

Name(s) of Professional Mentor(s) Pre-trip hoursDuring trip hoursPost-trip hoursTotal Hours

1. Rodney Rookey

2. Laureen Elgert

7.0 Project Discipline(s): Check the specific project discipline(s) addressed in this report. Check all that apply.

526 - Post Implementation ReportRevised 09/2014Chapter NameCommunity, CountryProject Name

2014 Engineers Without Borders USA. All Rights ReservedPage 19 of 22Water Supply____ Source Development_X__ Water Storage_X__ Water Distribution____ Water Treatment____ Water Pump

Sanitation____ Latrine____ Gray Water System____ Black Water System

Structures____ Bridge____ Building

Civil Works____ Roads____ Drainage____ Dams

Energy____ Fuel____ Electricity

Agriculture____ Irrigation Pump____ Irrigation Line____ Water Storage____ Soil Improvement____ Fish Farm____ Crop Processing Equipment

Information Systems____ Computer Service

8.0 Project LocationLatitude: -90.494921 WLongitude: 15.372468 N

9.0 Project Snapshot for Publicity

9.1 Problem identification (one sentence)The problem identified by the community of Guachtuq is lack of water security faced by the thirty-four families.9.2 Project goal (maximum three sentences)The goal of this project is to ensure each family in Guachtuq has adequate quantity, quality, and access to water. This is achieved through the implementation of individualized rainwater harvesting systems at each home. Additionally, it is crucial to effectively transfer construction and maintenance knowledge in order to ensure long term project success.9.3 Project status (maximum 100 words)On this trip, the travelers conducted monitoring on previously implemented systems in the community through family interviews and water quality testing. The team also completed implementations on the remaining 22 homes in the community, finishing the planned implementation phase for this project. The next step for this project will be to work towards the planned monitoring trip in May 2016, which could be the final trip for the project.

Post Implementation Report Part 2 Technical Information

1.0 Executive Summary

This is the post-trip report for the Engineers Without Borders-USA Worcester Polytechnic Institute (EWB-USA WPI) May 2015 Implementation Trip for the Guachtuq Guatemala Rainwater Harvesting project, #6871.

The goal of this project is to achieve water security defined as adequate quantity, quality, and access to water to meet the needs for each of the 34 families in Guachtuq, Guatemala by constructing individualized rainwater harvesting systems. This goal was accomplished on the past trip as the EWB-USA WPI team constructed the final 22 rainwater harvesting systems in the community.

Guachtuq is a rural community of about 220 people, located on the outskirts of the San Cristobal Verapaz Municipality in the Alta Verapaz department of Guatemala, a mountainous region in the center of the country. Many community members exclusively speak Pokomchi, an indigenous Mayan language, although some are also able to speak Spanish. The 34 families are dispersed over 1 km on a dirt road that leads up a mountain; there is approximately a 500 ft elevation difference over the length of the community. During the dry season, January through April, the community historically has relied on a single communal water basin, known locally as the finca, located approximately 1 km downhill from the center of the community. Women and children often spend 4-6 hours collecting water each day, walking up and down the steep slope. Socio-economic tension surrounds use of the finca, since the water source is located on a nearby private farm. All community members participating in this project have signed final MOU contracts with EWB-USA WPI.

EWB-USA WPI began partnering with Guachtuq in 2009 when the community presented its concerns to EWB-USA. Past assessment trips in 2010 and 2011 determined that this project should focus on achieving water security. The team worked with the community to identify individual rainwater harvesting systems as the most technologically and culturally appropriate solution due to geology, community layout, personal finances and the informal nature of community membership. EWB-USA WPI developed a relationship with El Centro Comunitario Educativo Pokomchi (CeCEP), a non-governmental organization that provides cultural information, translators, a work space, and communication with the community when the team is not in Guatemala. Systems have been iteratively engineered beginning with two pilot systems constructed in January 2013. Based on feedback from an assessment trip in May 2013, two additional pilot systems were built in January 2014 to test new designs, including the first flush. Protocols for system maintenance were established and tested when eight more systems were built in May 2014. The scope of the project was finalized in May 2014 with assessments at each of the remaining homes. In January 2015 the team confirmed system designs, materials quantities, materials transportation, community involvement, and all other logistics necessary to complete the implementation phase of this project. The community has then completed the construction of the final 22 rainwater harvesting systems in May 2015.

The implementation of the 22 rainwater harvesting systems took place in five phases: Phase I: Preliminary Data and Preparations, Phase II: Concrete Base Construction, Phase III: Materials Transport for System, Phase IV: System Construction and Education, Phase V: Wrap-up. Phase I was completed as planned, with the team verifying that each home had their preparations completed and had representatives selected to assist with the construction. The travelers were also able to conduct preliminary water quality tests and monitoring on existing systems in the community. Phase II was delayed due to a late delivery of materials and tools needed for the construction of concrete bases. However the construction teams of community members and an EWB-USA WPI traveler were able to work with less resources for part of the day and complete the concrete bases earlier than anticipated. Phase III was concurrent with Phase IV and Phase V. The main materials supplier used for all of the gutters, PVC materials, and tools, was short on stock and late with trucks for each delivery. While this did cause the process used to construct the systems to be slightly out of order at select houses, it did not adversely affect the completion of any of the systems. The systems were completed a full day earlier than expected in the original itinerary. Phase IV was skewed due to the conflicts encountered in Phase III. However, each construction team was able to work with what they had available to them at the time and continue to work through their assigned houses. Each houses construction was therefore phased differently, and many teams had to move on to another home and then later return to the first homes for completion. This resulted in the majority of the individualized education being completed at the end of the trip in Phase V. The final community meeting was used to cover most of the Phase 5 topics, and included the mayor of the local municipality as a guest.

Some of the homes in the community changed slightly after the assessment trip in January 2015. These differences, based on structural home changes, were accounted for and the designs were altered so that the systems would still be functional. Due to the differing designs at each home, minor materials movement was needed to compensate for the changes. Significant alterations made at individual homes are discussed in detail in Section 4.3 and the drawings showing the implemented systems are in section 4.5. The general system design did not change while the team was in country, and each of the constructed systems will function as planned and as described in the previously submitted 525.

When the EWB-USA WPI travel team left the community at the end of the trip, each family participating in the program had a functional individualized rainwater harvesting system. Each system was completed to the satisfaction of the families living at the home and learning sessions were held with the family. With the completion of these final 22 rainwater harvesting systems, the planned implementation phase of the Guachtuq Rainwater Harvesting project came to a close. As the club plans to move towards a monitoring trip in May 2016, there are minor system improvements that will be discussed and possibly introduced to the community on that trip. This would include the addition of unions on tank connections that would allow families to separate tanks, clean them individually, and conserve water. This was a feature that was desired by a significant percentage of the community. This is discussed in more detail in Section 9.

With the completion of this past implementation trip, the club will be looking to submit a 530 form in preparation for the planned Monitoring and Evaluation trip in May 2016.

2.0 Program Background

EWB-USA WPI completed two assessment trips in 2010 and 2011, where the team started to form a relationship with the community members of Guachtuq. The team conducted in-house assessments, held community meetings, and undertook water quality studies. In 2011, the team conducted a community wide survey to determine a water consumption rate for each family. Unfortunately, no trends emerged that related the number of family members to water consumption across the community, so the team has since followed WHO standards for determining water consumption rates. The team also thoroughly assessed the two homes chosen by the community for pilot implementation. This included measurements of each home as well as in-depth discussions of the needs of each family. Throughout the project, one of the most important tools that the team has developed is an Excel model to assist the team when creating the metrics for each system. Using a variety of parameters, the model helps the team design systems to fit the specific needs of each family. Considering average regional daily rainfall obtained from a local university, roof area of a home, number of family members, and water consumption rate, this model can be used to determine how many additional tanks each family needs to ensure sufficient water for drinking and cooking throughout the dry season.

Using information gathered from the first two assessment trips, Excel model results, and nearly two years of research and design, the team constructed two pilot systems during the first implementation trip in January 2013. The goal of the pilot project was to ensure that the Excel model worked properly and to provide a basis for future system design. Other benefits of a small-scale implementation included developing methods for construction and beginning to establish a knowledge base about constructing rainwater harvesting systems within the community. In order to accurately determine if these pilot systems served the families appropriately, a monitoring system was also established during this implementation trip. A volunteer at CeCEP (El Centro Comunitario Educativo Pokomchi), EWB-USA WPI's partner NGO, visited the community while the team was out of the country, collected preliminary information on the efficacy of the rainwater harvesting systems, and received verbal feedback from both families.

The team completed a third assessment trip in May 2013. The goal of this trip was to evaluate the success of the pilot systems and assess homes for the second implementation. In addition, a thorough census was conducted to gather demographic information about every family and to learn general information about the community. Water quality tests were also collected at various water sources throughout the community. The monitoring system established during the January 2013 trip evolved into a bi-weekly survey that asked residents about their water consumption habits. Follow-ups were conducted with the two pilot homes to ensure the systems functioned properly and, most importantly, satisfied each familys daily needs for drinking and cooking.

The second implementation trip, EWB-USA WPIs fifth trip to Guachtuq, took place in January, 2014. Though not an official EWB trip since it was funded by a grant through the EPA P3 program, this trip was essential to the progress of the project. The team constructed two rainwater harvesting systems, conducted water quality tests, held in-depth, semi-structured interviews, established a connection with the mayor of the Municipality of San Cristobal, developed stronger relationships with CeCEP and community members, and further assessed the eight homes scheduled to receive systems during the May 2014 implementation trip. Necessary details were also discussed with local hardware stores, water tank vendors, and the Municipality to arrange availability of materials and plan for transportation.

EWB-USA WPIs sixth trip to Guachtuq, the third implementation trip, took place in May 2014. In under ten days, the team and community members built eight rainwater harvesting systems, updated systems of previous beneficiaries, conducted two rounds of water quality testing, interviewed almost every family in the community, met with the mayor of the Municipality, held multiple community meetings, strengthened relationships with local NGO partner CeCEP, and assessed the homes of the remaining families.

In January 2015, the club had an additional assessment trip in order to prepare the community for the upcoming 22 home implementation in May 2015. This was done by confirming the home designs with each family in order to be sure the compiled materials list was accurate. The preparations in each family's MOU were also confirmed in order to be sure that each home and EWB-USA WPI were on the same page with what the family was receiving and what they needed to have completed before the travelers arrived. The team also worked with CeCEP to locate and retrieve quotes for materials from various local construction stores for the quantity of materials needed for the remaining 22 systems. They also talked with the Municipality of San Cristbal about the transportation of materials from the stores to the community. Furthermore, the team strengthened ties with the community to ensure success in the May 2015 implementation. Additional time spent with children in learning sessions resulted in an immense transfer of knowledge such that nearly the entire community has a basic understanding of the construction of these systems.

In May 2015, EWB-USA WPI returned for the final planned implementation trip in Guachtuq. Over the course of the 2 week trip, the travelers completed a wide array of water quality tests, monitoring interviews and the construction of the 22 remaining systems in the community. An extensive number of water quality tests were done on all of the previously implemented systems in the community as well as many of the pre-existing systems constructed through other community programs. Monitoring interviews were held with the families receiving a system on this implementation trip in order to collect baseline data to measure the change that the implementation of these systems had on the families. Finally, all of the systems were built by the community members following the phased construction plan outlined in the previous 525.

The next step for the club is to prepare for a monitoring trip being planned for May 2016 to ensure that each of the systems is functioning as planned.

3.0 Trip Description

On this past implementation trip, EWB-USA WPI completed 22 rainwater harvesting systems, completed monitoring on 12 existing systems, and conducted interviews with the families in the community.

Over the 17 day trip, the team was able to build all 22 planned individualized rainwater harvesting systems in the community. This involved a phased implementation that worked through each section of the system, going from the concrete base, to the gutters, finishing with the PVC connections. The concrete bases were completed in one day, while the gutter and PVC connections were completed in two and a half days. While the team was in country, a variety of problems were encountered with the main materials and tools supplier which led to multiple construction delays. However, none of these impacted the final completion date of the project. After retrieval of the proper tools, all of the concrete bases were completed in one day, which put the team ahead of the planned itinerary, giving them extra time to prepare for the next materials delivery. The next planned delivery was of gutters, which would've allowed the community construction teams to begin construction at the roofs and work down to the tanks. Due to a delay in the acquisition of these specific materials, some groups needed to wait, or begin construction without the proper lengths of gutters. The PVC connections at these affected homes were able to be completed and connected to the gutters properly once all of the materials were acquired.

To continue ongoing monitoring and to establish a baseline for new systems, extensive water quality testing was completed. Each existing EWB-USA WPI system was tested twice in duplicate, some at different stages of the system in order to determine exactly how clean each system was. Additionally, multiple existing governmental systems and the community water basin, the finca, were tested in duplicate to create a baseline to be able to measure the change in quality with the new systems. Inorganic tests were also carried out at the community water basin. The results of these tests can be found in Appendix XX.

Interviews with each family that received a system on this past trip were conducted in order to establish baseline data for each home. This will be used to establish a comparison with data gathered on the planned final monitoring trip. Information gathered included current state of water access in the community, amount of water the family used, and the amount of times the family went to the finca to retrieve water among other general points of information. The information found from these interviews can be found in Appendix XX.

With this trip EWB-USA WPI completed its planned implementation phase for the Guachtuq, Guatemala Rainwater Harvesting project.

4.0 Project Summary

4.1 Project Description

The Engineers Without Borders-USA chapter at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (EWB-USA WPI) aims to provide the community of Guachtuq, Guatemala with water security. The community of Guachtuq is located in the Alta Verapaz region of Guatemala and is home to about 220 Pokomchi (Mayan descent) people, among 37 families. Of the many problems they face daily, a lack of water security was identified as their greatest concern. Water security can be described as having adequate quantity, quality, and access to water to meet a homes basic needs. Currently, many families rely on a water source called the finca, a polluted, spring-fed water basin located a half-hour walk downhill from most families in the community. During the dry season, which lasts from February to May, the finca often dries up, forcing families to find other, more distant sources of water.

The solution that EWB-USA WPI has developed to mitigate the lack of water security in Guachtuq is the implementation of individual rainwater harvesting systems with each home in the community. This project is focused on implementing high functioning rainwater harvesting systems, rather than simply providing tanks to increase storage capacity for families. This is in contrast to other rainwater harvesting projects that the people of Guachtuq have experienced in the past, namely governmental initiatives. With the help of an Excel computation model, EWB-USA WPI calculates the necessary system requirements for each home determined by their specific situation. The team determines the necessary storage capacity, gutter lengths, first flush volumes, and overflow specifications based on parameters such as existing storage, existing roof area, family size, daily consumption rate, and 30 years of local rainfall data. EWB-USA WPI rainwater harvesting systems are designed to be closed systems that maintain water quality and maximize rainwater collection and storage.

4.2 Summary

Five groups, made up of both students and community members, finished the implementation of 22 systems during the trip. Systems were designed and built specifically for each family, the designs used can be seen in section 4.4. While each system was home specific, the same components exist in all of them. These main components include a concrete base, gutters, a first flush, PVC tubing, an overflow, and storage tanks. Materials for all of these components were bought from local suppliers accessible by the community.

The concrete bases were made by first creating a wooden frame, the inside dimensions of which are the desired dimension of the base. Then by layering rocks, rebar, and stones within a wooden frame as aggregate and to add support, the base is then completed by pouring in ready-mix concrete. Once the base has dried, cinder blocks and the storage tanks are placed on top.

Gutter clips were attached to each home to ensure that the gutter would sit directly underneath the edge of the roof. Gutter clips were constructed by hand specifically for each home. Notches to fit the colonial style gutters were cut into planks of wood which were then attached to wooden rafters on the roof. Gutter caps, unions, and downspouts were bought and used in each individual system as required.

The first flush is a vertical tube that is used to collect the first volume of water to come off the roof. This first volume of water would contain any dirt/debris that would have collected on the roof, so by collecting it before the tanks it reduces roof-sourced contamination in the drinking water. Inside the tube is placed an empty water bottle that, as the first flush is being filled, will float to the top. Once the tube is full the water bottle then creates a seal that prevents dirty water from mixing with the clean water that flows into the storage tanks. The first flush is made out of 4'' or 3" PVC tube and the length is calculated based off of the roof area from which it receives rain. Every first flush was built with a ball valve at the bottom so that the water could be emptied after every storm. Each first flush was also supported by a stick or cinder block as desired by the family.

PVC tubing and connectors varied for each home since designs are individualized based on every families needs. Tubing and connections for each home were planned out prior to the build so that while the team was in country all that needed to be done was the cutting and sorting of tubing and connectors. The connectors were sorted into sturdy burlap sacs by home in order to facilitate transportation throughout the community.

Each system also contained at least one overflow. If the tanks begin to overfill, the overflow pulls water from the bottom of the tank and removes it from the system.

To create a closed system, any openings were covered with mosquito netting. This included gutter downspouts and the ends of overflows. Each joint in the PVC piping was glued, and each entrance or exit to the tank was sealed by the use of threaded bulkheads.

Storage tanks that were used were 2500L Rotoplas High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) tanks that have been used in previous implementations. Some families previously owned 2500L or 1700L Rotoplas tanks as a result of government projects, if this was the case for a home these storage tanks were taken into account when calculating the number of additional tanks the team needed to add to the home.

4.3 Difference Between Planned and Actual Implementation

There were many aspects of the implementation trip that did not go exactly as planned, however the team expertly worked through the changes and still was able to finish the implementation earlier than expected.

The first issue occurred when the main delivery of tools needed for the construction of concrete bases from Construfacil was late. This delivery was not critical and the team was able to work with existing materials from past trips to continue moving forward. This was not the only delay due to Construfacil, as the team continued to experience difficulties with the store throughout the entire trip. The main delivery of PVC materials and gutters was also significantly delayed. It was originally intended to arrive on Saturday the 16th of May and did not all arrive until mid day Tuesday the 19th. This delay caused the majority of the system construction to be held off until Tuesday instead of starting Monday. This delay also caused the team to be short a student and translator for multiple days as they went to resolve the issues in person.

Due to the material delivery delays some construction teams began earlier than others, and the community member involvement became somewhat scattered. Many community members would hear two different stories from different team members, meeting times and places were changing almost constantly, and groups were often combined, adding to the challenge of keeping men active and focused on the construction. Despite this challenge the team adapted and worked day by day instead of just by phase, allowing more flexibility in the changing situations. EWB-USA WPI members were approached by some community members who reported that others were not working. The team advised the community members to encourage their neighbors to return since there was not other appropriate actions the team could take on short notice. This resulted in the construction being completed earlier than anticipated. There were multiple systems that were not implemented exactly as was originally planned by the club. Due to circumstances such as home redesigns, the team worked to adapt designs to best fit each family. These changes are illustrated for each home in Section 4.4 in detail. Below are descriptions of each of the homes that experienced significant system design changes.

The design of house 10 was changed due to unforeseen alterations made by the family to their home. Upon arriving at the house it was clear that the roof was no longer constructed as the team had expected. Therefore the system needed to be redesigned to accommodate. They still received the same number of tanks, as the overall roof area was similar to before, however the piping and route to tanks was altered.

House 40 was designed to have all the gutters combined and feed into the first set of two tanks, these tanks would then overflow into a lower set of two more tanks. However, due to an unexpected inequality in gutter elevation, the plans changed. In reality the smaller roof fed into the lower two tanks directly and the larger, higher roof feed into the upper tanks. The upper tanks still overflowed into the lower ones, maintaining one closed system. House 25 elected to not receive an overflow for their system. They would not accept a system with an overflow and wished instead to use their first flush as an overflow if necessary. After a discussion with multiple mentors on the feasibility of this changed design, it was determined that this was acceptable that would not harm the integrity or functionality of the system when coupled with the proper education.

House 2 elected to not use the roof over the kitchen, as the original plan stated. The orientation of the tanks was also changed at the request of the family which can be seen more clearly in Figure XX. Both roofs were connected to feed into the same tank, and the system overflowed into an existing concrete tank that had not been originally included as part of the EWB system.

House 3 did not use the roof above their kitchen as was originally included in their designs. After the team carefully analyzed the new system with a smaller roof area, it was determined that the family would still have sufficient water, therefore the team excluded this roof from the family's system.

House 6 added some roof area before the team arrived in country. As this change would only give the family more water and not limit their access to water, the designs were changed slightly to include more gutters.

4.4 Drawings

Technical drawings were created to account for each system component at every home. These drawings take the general form of the system, shown in Figure XX and adapt it to every individual home, providing a system specifically designed to best meet the needs of each family. In the drawings red circles represent a first flush, blue lines represent PVC piping, blue rectangles represent gutters, and the black arrows represent the slope of the roof. The technical drawing for House 2 can be seen below, the remaining twenty-one technical drawings can be found in Appendix XX.

4.5 Operation and Maintenance

Each family is responsible for the continued operation and maintenance of their individual systems. As stated in the MOU signed by each home receiving a system, the family is responsible for purchasing replacement parts if needed, and doing the work to repair them. During implementation, a representative from the home receiving the system was usually present, not only at their own home but also assisting with the construction of the other homes. Actively participating in construction ensured that there was at least one family member who was directly knowledgeable about the construction of the system and would be able to maintain it without the presence of EWB-USA WPI.

In addition, members of each family participated in individualized education about their specific system after construction was completed. This ensured that even if a representative wasn't present during construction as intended, the family was still knowledgeable about their specific system.

Learning sessions included information about maintaining their first flush, gutters, tubing, and storage tanks. This included how to clean the gutters, first flush, and tank, how to maintain mosquito netting and connections in the system, and the importance of separation of containers. The community is familiar with working with PVC and concrete, the main material components of the system, which lends to efficient construction and proper maintenance of the systems.

Payment plans were developed with CeCEP for each family. They know that they are required to pay 5% of the total cost of the system within the next 12 months. All of the specific amounts are found in the MOU's and EWB-USA WPI as well as CeCEP both have the payment records for everyone who has begun paying which is shown in Appendix XX.

4.6 Sustainability

Though prior trips showed that the community had acquired tremendous technical, organizational, and financial capacity for promoting the longevity and sustainability of the rainwater harvesting systems, this implementation trip revealed three specific points that needed to be addressed further: the ability to properly manage filters, find replacement parts, and spread maintenance knowledge to every member of each family.

FiltersThis trip revealed that most familys' cleaning habits resulted in torn filters, and that the filters were potentially having adverse effects on the water quality. The existing method of cleaning the filters was to scrub them with rags, but it was found that Roberto, the owner of one of the first pilot systems, was able to preserve the filter by soaking it in chlorine instead of scrubbing it harshly. Most families reported filters lasting between three and six months, but Roberto's had lasted four years and is still functional. Because of this, each family was instructed to not scrub filters roughly or use rags after their filters were installed. This allowed for increased longevity, and therefore cost effectiveness, of the system's parts, which made it easier for families to sustain a clean, closed system themselves. It was additionally found that while many community members were willing to purchase new filters, they were not aware of the process of how to order them through Rotoplas. The team will be working with CeCEP in the coming year to set up a program where the filters are more easily accessible as is discussed in section 9 Next Phase of the Program.

Repair/Replacement PartsAll of the parts to build the system were purchased locally, making it feasible for community members to obtain replacements as needed. As was the case with House 5, the house of Filomena Gualim, the sustainability of the system depends partially on knowledge transfer to every member of the family concerning where and how to buy such parts. In order to enable a separation of two EWB-USA WPI tanks, the connecting pipe was cut, and then she attempted to reseal it with packing tape. This separation is desirable for the families because it means they can use one tank to store the water while the other is being cleaned. The way the system was cut, the elbow and associated male threaded adaptor needed to be replaced. It was discovered that while Filomena was willing to buy a new elbow at its full price, she was not aware how to repair it step by step. As a result, how to acquire and attach replacement parts in each section of the system was addressed during the demonstration completed with the construction teams before the PVC tubing was installed. Because the systems will not last forever, the reparation of essential components is imperative to the system's sustainability without the EWB-USA WPI team's constant monitoring. This was also addressed by being sure that members of the family were present for the technical education so that the man assisting with construction was not the only family member with complete knowledge of the construction of the system. Technical Capacity of Community MembersBefore construction of concrete bases began, the EWB-USA WPI team conducted a group demonstration at House 34, the house of Maria Magdalena, walking through the entire process and laying the wooden frame and rebar for a concrete base in front of the entire workforce from the community. Afterwards, the construction teams correctly finished every base a day early, indicating the community members' skill and attention to the learning sessions. Likewise, before the assembly of gutter clips and the full network of gutter-to-tank, tank-to-tank, and tank to faucet piping, the team conducted a demonstration of the entire system, using the completed system at House 27 as a visual aid. The most impressive part of this demonstration was that often community members would provide explanations to each other instead of asking the EWB-USA WPI representatives, indicating a deeper understanding that will lead to better maintenance of the systems. The gutters, tubing and connections were completed in 2 1/2 days, twice as fast as expected.

After the completion of each new system, EWB-USA WPI members performed a learning session on water quality management, system maintenance, and system design at each house with members of the family present. While the families were being educated, the travelers used an education booklet designed with intuitive pictures shown in appendix XX that match their cultural norms and local imagery. In some learning sessions, family members, especially children acted as translators, exhibiting that they were extremely knowledgeable about the functionality and maintenance of the system. During the final community meeting, these maintenance practices were covered in full once more in front of the entire community as reinforcement. These sessions allowed for more widespread and consistent knowledge on the sustainable use and maintenance of the systems.

5.0 Photo Documentation

6.0 Lessons Learned

Always be flexible and ready to change plans if necessary Even though the team spent hours ahead of time making a schedule that would allow the trip to run effortlessly, plans changed. Team members were missing to deal with unexpected issues, materials were late, and various other schedule changes occurred. However, the team was flexible and willing to change plans when necessary, allowing the trip to continue to move forward. Plans rarely go as a team hopes and therefore it is important to remain flexible and to continue moving forward towards reaching the original goals even when the schedule changes. Have access to a vehicle to reduce travel time to and from the community when necessary This implementation was constantly active and the travel team did not have much, if any, free time. The access to a vehicle, provided by a member of our NGO, was vital many days to starting on time in the community and transporting heavy tools and equipment to the community. Some days the extra half an hour saved walking each way to the community was significant. Sometimes there is no alternative but to go meet in person

Through multiple materials delays, it was experienced that often meeting in person and pushing for a delivery to be on time was the most efficient use of a team member or two. With the language barrier and general easy going culture it was sometimes difficult to get things done and communicated properly over the phone. Although this may seem time consuming as a member is lost working in the community, it keeps the project moving forward.

Have a way to track your workforce As community participation was vital to this project it was imperative that we had the community involvement we expected each day. However, it was difficult to monitor this involvement because it was challenging for the team to learn everyones name in the community. As the community is often intertwined there were also cases of community members who live in one home working as the volunteer of a different home, making it challenging to track of at least one volunteer being present for each house. Therefore there was no way to track when and if people were working from each house. This was not a problem for this implementation as we had enough community involvement to finish the systems, however in future implementations this might be an issue to plan for.

Know monetary laws in the country

Different countries handle money and receipts differently. If you are dealing with money that is not in your own bank account, make sure to know all the laws about accessing it ahead of time. This was not properly researched for the trip and therefore the team spent more time than was planned for in country trying to get the proper receipts to access the Rotary grant money.

7.0 Project Status

Project TypeImplementation ContinuesMonitoring & EvaluationComplete

8.0 Completed Project Monitoring 8.1 Completed Project Status TableProject TypeProject DisciplineDate of Completion(mm/dd/yy)Functionality (enter one range per project)Periodic Maintenance(yes or no)Demonstration of Community Capacity(yes or no)

0-50%50-75%75-100%

Water SupplyRainwater Harvesting 05/25/1575-100%YesYes

8.2 Project Functionality Indicators (Include 3 per Project Type)Project TypeProject Functionality Indicator (list indicators identified in the 522 for each project)Monitoring Result

Water Supply Number (or percentage) of community members satisfied with the projectOf the community members who have received an EWB-USA WPI system, the majority are very satisfied with their systems functionality. Some complaints were raised about the ability to clean the tanks separately. In a multiple tank system with a bottom connection, there is no way to detach the tanks to clean them separately. This means that when families want to clean their tanks they are losing all of their water. There was continued negative feedback regarding the Rotoplas filters that come with the tanks. Many were torn and dirty. The majority of families however were satisfied with the systems, especially the improved water storage.

Quantity of water available to each household during dry and wet seasonsInterviews with families who had received systems in previous implementations reported that the majority of families did not need to use any water source besides the EWB-USA WPI systems for drinking or cooking. During the rainy season, families used the systems water for all purposes including laundry, bathing and cleaning corn.

Quality of the water at the water pointWater quality tests were done on previously implemented EWB-USA WPI systems as part of ongoing monitoring. Some concerns were raised about the impact of the filters on the cleanliness of the water. It was found that most families were properly cleaning and maintaining tanks, gutters, and the first flushes which were improving the ultimate quality of the water in the tanks.

8.3 Periodic Maintenance Indicators (Include 3 per Project Type)Project TypePeriodic Maintenance Indicator (list indicators identified in the 522 for each project)Monitoring Result

Water Supply Level of cleanliness of gutters feeding a rainwater harvesting systemDuring a visual inspection at each of the homes, it was found that the gutters were generally clean and free of debris. The degree of cleanliness varied by home but all appeared to have been cleaned at least once since implementation. Some families informed the team that they clean the gutters when they clean the first flush and tanks.

Level of cleanliness of water storage tanksThrough interviews, the team learned that tanks implemented on May 2014 have been cleaned at least once since the implementation. Some tanks had small amounts of debris/dirt gathering at the base of the tank. Other tanks appeared to be recently cleaned.

Observed evidence of routine maintenance on the system done accurately without EWB-USA WPIFamilies informed travelers that they were routinely cleaning systems. Some systems appeared cleaner than others. Chlorine could be smelt on some of the filters. All filters were stained and dirty, regardless of cleaning. All families reported that they were cleaning the tanks. The team observed a child cleaning a tank with soap and chlorine during the trip. Mosquito netting was not maintained on the majority of the systems. One family had difficulty cleaning the tanks which caused the tanks to break at a bottom connection, but all other systems seemed to be maintained accurately.

8.4 Demonstration of Community Capacity Indicators (Include 3 per Project Type)Project TypeCommunity Capacity Indicator (list indicators identified in the 522 for each project)Monitoring Result

Water Supply Community completed major repairs to the system accurately without EWB-USA WPIHouse 31 had a leak at the second waterfall connection. The family couldnt fix it so they went to Roberto to ask for help. He was able to properly glue it.

Chapter observed community members training othersMany men who had already implemented systems were involved in the construction of the new systems. These men were very active and vocal during the construction process and were able to teach the other men working on construction.

Existence of broken componentsAt House 5 the family was unable to detach the system at the bottom to turn the tanks to clean inside. They cut the PVC close to a fitting and then were unable to glue it back together.

8.5 Additional Information

1. Water Quality tests were completed in duplicate at all of the previously implemented systems and at multiple other systems that were pre-existing in the community. Unlike in previous trips where the tests were completed in triplicate, the team choose to complete them only in duplicate upon being advised by a professional mentor. Everyone was in agreement that the consistency of the tests had been proven by the comprehensive use over the course of the previous trips.

2. Interviews were conducted at all of the homes being implemented as well as most of the homes that have been previously implemented. Interview data which can be seen in Appendix XX was used to gain information about social change in the comm

9.0 Next Phase of the Program

The next phase of the Guachtuq, Guatemala program is to monitor and evaluate the impacts of systems implemented through the Rainwater Harvesting project. Over the next year, Alvaro will continue to visit the members of Guachtuq two to three times a month and report any issues to the EWB-USA WPI team. The team will maintain contact with CeCEP throughout the year.In May, 2016, a travel team will return to Guachtuq to conduct a thorough evaluation of program impacts. The team hopes to find that all families have improved water security, improved access to adequate quantity and quality of water to meet needs year round. The team will also be returning with a design fix to address the need to have the ability to separate the tanks in a system. This design will be thoroughly explored and analyzed in the year before the submission of the pre trip form for the planned trip. The 901 Project Planning and Baseline Study, filed in July, 2014, and the 901B Program Impact monitoring Report submitted with this document outline the plans for monitoring and evaluation in more detail.

Accessing FiltersThe Monitoring and Evaluation trip scheduled for May, 2016, will be led by incoming project lead Evelyn Grainger. The team hopes that the project will conclude with this monitoring trip and that no future implementations will be needed. Due to increasing safety concerns, EWB-USA WPI will also be working with CeCEP and Guachtuq to establish a plan for long-term sustainability and program closeout.

10.0 Professional Mentor Assessment

10.1 Professional Mentor Name and Role

10.2 Professional Mentor Assessment

10.3 Professional Mentor Affirmation