mayberry, ph.d. nasa space toxicologist johnson space
TRANSCRIPT
The
Lun
ar E
nvir
onm
ent:
Det
erm
inin
g th
e T
he L
unar
Env
iron
men
t: D
eter
min
ing
the
Det
erm
inin
g th
e H
ealth
Eff
ects
of E
xpos
ure
Det
erm
inin
g th
e H
ealth
Eff
ects
of E
xpos
ure
Exp
osur
e to
Moo
n D
usts
Exp
osur
e to
Moo
n D
usts
Nor
een
Kha
nN
oree
n K
han --
May
berr
y, P
h.D
.M
aybe
rry,
Ph.
D.
NA
SA S
pace
Tox
icol
ogis
tN
ASA
Spa
ce T
oxic
olog
ist
John
son
Spac
e C
ente
rJo
hnso
n Sp
ace
Cen
ter
Hou
ston
, Tex
as
Hou
ston
, Tex
as
The
Luna
r Sur
face
The
Earth
’s m
oon
pres
ents
a h
ostil
e en
viro
nmen
t in
The
Earth
’s m
oon
pres
ents
a h
ostil
e en
viro
nmen
t in
envi
ronm
ent i
n w
hich
to li
ve a
nd w
ork.
en
viro
nmen
t in
whi
ch to
live
and
wor
k.
Ther
e is
no
atm
osph
ere
to p
rote
ct it
s sur
face
from
the
Ther
e is
no
atm
osph
ere
to p
rote
ct it
s sur
face
from
the
from
the
rava
ges o
f sol
ar w
ind
and
mic
rom
eteo
rite
from
the
rava
ges o
f sol
ar w
ind
and
mic
rom
eteo
rite
mic
rom
eteo
rite
impa
cts.
mic
rom
eteo
rite
impa
cts.
Lun
ar A
irbo
rne
Dus
t Tox
icity
Adv
isor
y G
roup
L
unar
Air
born
e D
ust T
oxic
ity A
dvis
ory
Gro
up --
LAD
TAG
LAD
TAG
•• To
date
, no
sci
entif
ical
ly d
efen
sibl
e to
xico
logi
cal
stud
ies
have
To
date
, no
sci
entif
ical
ly d
efen
sibl
e to
xico
logi
cal
stud
ies
have
been
be
en
have
bee
n pe
rfor
med
on
luna
r du
sts,
spec
ifica
lly t
he d
eter
min
ati
have
bee
n pe
rfor
med
on
luna
r du
sts,
spec
ifica
lly t
he d
eter
min
ati o
n of
on
of
dete
rmin
atio
n of
exp
osur
e lim
its a
nd th
eir
affe
ct o
n hu
man
hea
ltde
term
inat
ion
of e
xpos
ure
limits
and
thei
r af
fect
on
hum
an h
ealt h
. h.
hum
an h
ealth
. hu
man
hea
lth.
•• The
m
ulti
The
m
ulti --
cent
er
LA
DT
AG
(L
unar
A
irbo
rne
Dus
t T
oxic
olog
y ce
nter
L
AD
TA
G
(Lun
ar
Air
born
e D
ust
Tox
icol
ogy
Tox
icol
ogy
Adv
isor
y G
roup
) w
as f
orm
ed in
res
pons
e to
the
Off
ice
Tox
icol
ogy
Adv
isor
y G
roup
) w
as f
orm
ed in
res
pons
e to
the
Off
ice
of
of
the
Off
ice
of th
e C
hief
Hea
lth a
nd M
edic
al O
ffic
e’s
(OC
HM
O) r
equ
the
Off
ice
of th
e C
hief
Hea
lth a
nd M
edic
al O
ffic
e’s
(OC
HM
O) r
equ e
st
est
(OC
HM
O)
requ
est
to d
evel
op r
ecom
men
datio
ns f
or d
efin
ing
risk
(O
CH
MO
) re
ques
t to
dev
elop
rec
omm
enda
tions
for
def
inin
g ri
sk
defin
ing
risk
cri
teri
a fo
r hu
man
luna
r du
st e
xpos
ure.
de
finin
g ri
sk c
rite
ria
for
hum
an lu
nar
dust
exp
osur
e.
•• The
LA
DT
AG
gro
up, c
hair
ed b
y D
r. J
ohn
T. J
ames
, NA
SA’s
Age
ncy
The
LA
DT
AG
gro
up, c
hair
ed b
y D
r. J
ohn
T. J
ames
, NA
SA’s
Age
ncy
NA
SA’s
Age
ncy
Tox
icol
ogis
t &
Dr.
Rus
sell
L.
Ker
schm
ann,
AR
C
NA
SA’s
Age
ncy
Tox
icol
ogis
t &
Dr.
Rus
sell
L.
Ker
schm
ann,
AR
C
AR
C S
pace
Life
Sci
ence
Div
isio
n C
hief
& b
oard
cer
tifie
d pa
thol
ogA
RC
Spa
ce L
ife S
cien
ce D
ivis
ion
Chi
ef &
boa
rd c
ertif
ied
path
olog
ist,
ist,
path
olog
ist,
form
ed a
wor
ld c
lass
gro
up o
f te
chni
cal e
xper
ts in
pa
thol
ogis
t, fo
rmed
a w
orld
cla
ss g
roup
of
tech
nica
l exp
erts
in l
unar
lu
nar
expe
rts
in l
unar
geo
logy
, in
hala
tion
toxi
colo
gy,
biom
edic
ine,
ce
expe
rts
in l
unar
geo
logy
, in
hala
tion
toxi
colo
gy,
biom
edic
ine,
ce l
lula
r llu
lar
biom
edic
ine,
cel
lula
r ch
emis
try
and
biol
ogy
from
with
in t
he a
gen
biom
edic
ine,
cel
lula
r ch
emis
try
and
biol
ogy
from
with
in t
he a
gen c
y cy
the
agen
cy a
long
with
the
nat
ions
’ le
adin
g ex
tern
al e
xper
ts i
n t
the
agen
cy a
long
with
the
nat
ions
’ le
adin
g ex
tern
al e
xper
ts i
n t h
ese
hese
ex
pert
s in
th
ese
field
s. B
ased
up
on
LA
DT
AG
’s
qual
ified
ex
pert
s in
th
ese
field
s. B
ased
up
on
LA
DT
AG
’s
qual
ified
re
com
men
datio
ns,
our
grou
p de
cide
d it
was
pr
uden
t to
pu
rsue
re
com
men
datio
ns,
our
grou
p de
cide
d it
was
pr
uden
t to
pu
rsue
pu
rsue
dev
elop
ing
a pe
rmis
sibl
e ex
posu
re l
imit
stan
dard
and
hum
apu
rsue
dev
elop
ing
a pe
rmis
sibl
e ex
posu
re l
imit
stan
dard
and
hum
a n n
and
hum
an h
ealth
ris
k cr
iteri
a.
and
hum
an h
ealth
ris
k cr
iteri
a.
Luna
r So
il Fo
rmat
ion
Luna
r So
il Fo
rmat
ion
Com
min
utio
nC
omm
inut
ion ,
Agg
lutin
atio
n, &
Vap
or D
epos
ition
, Agg
lutin
atio
n, &
Vap
or D
epos
ition
Cou
rtes
y D
r. La
rry
Tayl
or, U
Ten
n-K
noxv
ille
Evo
lutio
n of
Lun
ar S
oils
Evo
lutio
n of
Lun
ar S
oils
••Te
rres
trial
dus
ts a
re w
eath
ered
to a
roun
d sh
ape
over
tim
eTe
rres
trial
dus
ts a
re w
eath
ered
to a
roun
d sh
ape
over
tim
e••
Luna
r dus
ts u
nder
go c
onst
ant i
mpa
cts o
f mic
roLu
nar d
usts
und
ergo
con
stan
t im
pact
s of m
icro
-- met
eorit
es (n
o at
mos
pher
ic
met
eorit
es (n
o at
mos
pher
ic
atm
osph
eric
pro
tect
ion
from
impa
cts)
atm
osph
eric
pro
tect
ion
from
impa
cts)
••*L
unar
soil
is fo
rmed
by
a co
mbi
natio
n of
:*L
unar
soil
is fo
rmed
by
a co
mbi
natio
n of
:––
Com
mun
ition
Com
mun
ition
by im
pact
pro
cess
esby
impa
ct p
roce
sses
––A
gglu
tinat
ion
by im
pact
pro
cess
esA
gglu
tinat
ion
by im
pact
pro
cess
es––
Add
ition
of v
olca
nic
ash
Add
ition
of v
olca
nic
ash
––Sp
ace
wea
ther
ing
(sol
ar p
artic
le sp
utte
ring
and
vapo
r gen
erat
ion
Spac
e w
eath
erin
g (s
olar
par
ticle
sput
terin
g an
d va
por g
ener
atio
nan
d de
posi
tion)
and
depo
sitio
n)––
Mix
ing
incl
udin
g re
golit
h ga
rden
ing
Mix
ing
incl
udin
g re
golit
h ga
rden
ing
** Gra
in su
rfac
e et
ched
by
the
sola
r win
d; su
ch su
rfac
es h
ave
high
G
rain
surf
ace
etch
ed b
y th
e so
lar w
ind;
such
surf
aces
hav
e hi
gh d
ensi
ty o
f cry
stal
de
nsity
of c
ryst
al
crys
tal d
islo
catio
ns a
nd a
re p
resu
mab
ly v
ery
reac
tive
crys
tal d
islo
catio
ns a
nd a
re p
resu
mab
ly v
ery
reac
tive
*Cou
rtesy
: D.M
. McK
ay, N
ASA
(200
6)
Lun
ar S
urfa
ce C
once
pt o
f Ope
ratio
ns A
ssum
ptio
nsL
unar
Sur
face
Con
cept
of O
pera
tions
Ass
umpt
ions
1. D
urat
ion
(Exp
osur
e T
ime)
1. D
urat
ion
(Exp
osur
e T
ime)
2. S
ubst
antia
l 2.
Sub
stan
tial E
VA
’sE
VA
’sbe
ing
bein
g pe
rfor
med
perf
orm
ed3.
Pot
entia
l to
brin
g du
st b
ack
into
3.
Pot
entia
l to
brin
g du
st b
ack
into
ba
ck in
to th
e ha
bita
tba
ck in
to th
e ha
bita
t4.
Wor
king
on
surf
ace
habi
tat w
ith
4. W
orki
ng o
n su
rfac
e ha
bita
t with
ha
bita
t with
luna
r m
ater
ials
ha
bita
t with
luna
r m
ater
ials
m
ater
ials
(exp
erim
ents
, etc
.)m
ater
ials
(exp
erim
ents
, etc
.)(e
xper
imen
ts, e
tc.)
(exp
erim
ents
, etc
.)5.
Loc
atio
n (S
. Pol
ar R
egio
n/
5. L
ocat
ion
(S. P
olar
Reg
ion/
R
egio
n/ H
ighl
and)
Reg
ion/
Hig
hlan
d)6.
Lan
ding
are
as w
ill b
e fa
r 6.
Lan
ding
are
as w
ill b
e fa
r en
ough
from
the
habi
tat s
o en
ough
from
the
habi
tat s
o ha
bita
t so
that
pro
pella
nt
habi
tat s
o th
at p
rope
llant
pr
opel
lant
exp
osur
e w
ould
pr
opel
lant
exp
osur
e w
ould
w
ould
be
negl
igib
lew
ould
be
negl
igib
le7.
Pla
nts w
ill b
e a
very
impo
rtan
t 7.
Pla
nts w
ill b
e a
very
impo
rtan
t im
port
ant p
art o
f the
im
port
ant p
art o
f the
H
abita
t (po
ssib
le to
xic
byH
abita
t (po
ssib
le to
xic
by--
byby-- p
rodu
cts)
prod
ucts
)8.
Was
te m
anag
emen
t will
8.
Was
te m
anag
emen
t will
NO
TN
OT
NO
TN
OT
cons
ist o
f co
nsis
t of A
NY
AN
Ypy
roly
sis p
rodu
cts i
n th
e py
roly
sis p
rodu
cts i
n th
e th
e ha
bita
t (no
bur
ning
of
the
habi
tat (
no b
urni
ng o
f of
was
tes)
of w
aste
s)9.
Rov
er S
tora
ge S
ite?
9.R
over
Sto
rage
Site
?
LOC
ALI
ZED
OR
AN
GE
SOIL
FO
UN
D
NEA
R T
HE
APO
LLO
17
LAN
DIN
G S
ITE
Wha
t doe
s the
Apo
llo e
xper
ienc
e te
ll us
?W
hat d
oes t
he A
pollo
exp
erie
nce
tell
us?
••D
ata
from
Apo
llo is
a st
artin
g po
int
Dat
a fr
om A
pollo
is a
star
ting
poin
t ––po
int
poin
t ––lo
okin
g at
suits
, filt
ers,
look
ing
at su
its, f
ilter
s, va
cva
cva
cva
cba
gs, r
ock
box
was
hing
s (fo
rens
ic
bags
, roc
k bo
x w
ashi
ngs (
fore
nsic
(f
oren
sic
engi
neer
ing)
(for
ensi
c en
gine
erin
g)••
Low
Lo
w n
’sn’s
••So
me
“mea
sure
” of
exp
osur
e (b
rief,
Som
e “m
easu
re”
of e
xpos
ure
(brie
f, (b
rief,
epis
odic
) & e
ffec
ts (i
rrita
ncy,
(b
rief,
epis
odic
) & e
ffec
ts (i
rrita
ncy,
(ir
ritan
cy, “
smel
l” o
f spa
ce)
(irrit
ancy
, “sm
ell”
of s
pace
)••
Mec
hani
cal i
rrita
nt; m
ay b
e a
Mec
hani
cal i
rrita
nt; m
ay b
e a
chem
ical
irrit
ant
chem
ical
irrit
ant
••M
issi
on o
bjec
tives
will
be
diff
eren
t in
Mis
sion
obj
ectiv
es w
ill b
e di
ffer
ent i
n di
ffer
ent i
n th
e fu
ture
diff
eren
t in
the
futu
re••
Unr
ealis
tic to
be
“dus
t U
nrea
listic
to b
e “d
ust ––
free
”fr
ee”
Luna
r Im
pact
May
2, 2
006
Luna
r Im
pact
May
2, 2
006
Cou
rtesy
: J.T
. Jam
es, N
ASA
(200
5)
The
Luna
r Sur
face
The
Luna
r Sur
face
The
moo
n’s s
urfa
ce is
cov
ered
with
a th
in la
yer
of
The
moo
n’s s
urfa
ce is
cov
ered
with
a th
in la
yer
of
laye
r of
fine
, cha
rged
, rea
ctiv
e du
st c
apab
le o
f la
yer
of fi
ne, c
harg
ed, r
eact
ive
dust
cap
able
of
capa
ble
of e
nter
ing
habi
tats
and
veh
icle
ca
pabl
e of
ent
erin
g ha
bita
ts a
nd v
ehic
le
com
part
men
ts, w
here
it c
an r
esul
t in
com
part
men
ts, w
here
it c
an r
esul
t in
crew
mem
ber
heal
th p
robl
ems.
crew
mem
ber
heal
th p
robl
ems.
•A
ppro
xim
atel
y 10
% o
f lun
ar d
ust i
s in
the
resp
irab
le r
ange
(<10μm
).•
Lun
ar d
ust h
as a
ver
y la
rge
surf
ace
area
(~8
times
(~
8 tim
es th
at o
f a sp
here
of e
quiv
alen
t ext
erna
l ex
tern
al si
ze).
•L
unar
dus
t is s
ubje
cted
to p
oten
tial a
ctiv
atio
n ac
tivat
ion
proc
esse
s not
foun
d on
Ear
th–
Sola
r w
ind
impl
anta
tion
(H2
impl
anta
tion
impl
anta
tion
bubb
les t
hrou
ghou
t dus
t du
st p
artic
les)
–N
anop
hase
Fe
on su
rfac
e–
Dep
ositi
on o
f vap
oriz
ed im
pact
ion-
deri
ved
deri
ved
mat
eria
l•
No
know
n su
rfac
e pa
ssiv
atio
n m
echa
nism
oth
er
othe
r th
an a
gglu
tinat
ion
Wha
t doe
s Moo
n du
st lo
ok li
ke?
Wha
t doe
s Moo
n du
st lo
ok li
ke?
Cou
rtesy
, S.K
. Nob
le, 2
006
LA
DT
AG
’s L
ogic
LA
DT
AG
’s L
ogic
•• LA
DT
AG
res
earc
h st
udie
s ar
e ge
ared
tow
ards
pro
duci
ng d
eliv
erab
leL
AD
TA
G r
esea
rch
stud
ies
are
gear
ed to
war
ds p
rodu
cing
del
iver
able
s ai
med
s
aim
ed
at
at r
educ
ing
unce
rtai
nty
redu
cing
unc
erta
inty
in c
ontr
ibut
ing
fact
ors
(siz
e di
stri
butio
n, t
ime
fact
ors,
in c
ontr
ibut
ing
fact
ors
(siz
e di
stri
butio
n, t
ime
fact
ors,
activ
ity, d
ose,
spec
ies)
activ
ity, d
ose,
spec
ies)
•• LA
DT
AG
has
rev
iew
ed t
he a
vaila
ble
luna
r du
st li
tera
ture
and
the
L
AD
TA
G h
as r
evie
wed
the
ava
ilabl
e lu
nar
dust
lite
ratu
re a
nd t
he t
echn
ical
te
chni
cal
expe
rtis
e of
the
advi
sory
gro
up. T
he g
roup
has
rec
omm
ende
d th
at
expe
rtis
e of
the
advi
sory
gro
up. T
he g
roup
has
rec
omm
ende
d th
at in
ord
er to
in
ord
er to
se
t a
repr
esen
tativ
e he
alth
sta
ndar
d, w
e m
ust
test
mul
tiple
typ
ese
t a
repr
esen
tativ
e he
alth
sta
ndar
d, w
e m
ust
test
mul
tiple
typ
e s o
f lu
nar
s of
lun
ar
dust
s, sp
ecifi
cally
fin
est
frac
tion
(<10
du
sts,
spec
ifica
lly f
ines
t fr
actio
n (<
10 μ
mμm)
of l
unar
dus
t si
mul
ant
and
the
) of
lun
ar d
ust
sim
ulan
t an
d th
e im
mat
ure
and
mat
ure
high
land
dus
t. im
mat
ure
and
mat
ure
high
land
dus
t.
•• The
se h
ighl
and
soils
wer
e se
lect
ed b
ased
upo
n N
ASA
’s p
lan
to l
anT
hese
hig
hlan
d so
ils w
ere
sele
cted
bas
ed u
pon
NA
SA’s
pla
n to
lan
d in
the
d
in t
he
pola
r re
gion
upo
n re
turn
to th
e lu
nar
surf
ace.
po
lar
regi
on u
pon
retu
rn to
the
luna
r su
rfac
e.
•• Thi
s pa
rtic
le s
ize
frac
tion
was
sel
ecte
d be
caus
e it
is c
onsi
dere
Thi
s pa
rtic
le s
ize
frac
tion
was
sel
ecte
d be
caus
e it
is c
onsi
dere
d to
be
the
d to
be
the
resp
irab
le si
ze r
ange
. re
spir
able
size
ran
ge.
•• The
res
pira
ble
frac
tion
has
hist
oric
ally
bee
n ex
trem
ely
diff
icul
The
res
pira
ble
frac
tion
has
hist
oric
ally
bee
n ex
trem
ely
diff
icul
t to
ana
lyze
, t
to a
naly
ze,
yet t
his d
ata
is k
ey fo
r ev
alua
ting
the
toxi
colo
gica
l pro
pert
ies
yet t
his d
ata
is k
ey fo
r ev
alua
ting
the
toxi
colo
gica
l pro
pert
ies
of lu
nar
dust
s.of
luna
r du
sts.
••M
oder
n te
chno
logy
has
pro
vide
d se
vera
l ne
w o
ptio
ns f
or p
artic
lM
oder
n te
chno
logy
has
pro
vide
d se
vera
l ne
w o
ptio
ns f
or p
artic
l e s
ize
e si
ze
anal
ysis
, par
ticul
arly
in th
is fi
ne si
ze r
ange
anal
ysis
, par
ticul
arly
in th
is fi
ne si
ze r
ange
Kno
wn
Tox
ic E
ffec
ts o
f Dus
tsK
now
n T
oxic
Eff
ects
of D
usts
Dus
tsD
usts
••D
erm
al ir
ritat
ion
& p
enet
ratio
nD
erm
al ir
ritat
ion
& p
enet
ratio
n••
Eye
irrita
tion
& c
orro
sion
Eye
irrita
tion
& c
orro
sion
––C
hem
ical
Che
mic
al––
Mec
hani
cal
Mec
hani
cal
••R
espi
rato
ry in
jury
Res
pira
tory
inju
ry––
Upp
er a
ir w
ays
Upp
er a
ir w
ays
––Lo
wer
airw
ays
Low
er a
irway
s••
Edem
aEd
ema
••In
flam
mat
ion
Infla
mm
atio
n••
Fibr
osis
Fibr
osis
••C
ance
r?C
ance
r?
<20 <5 <1
<0.1
Cou
rtesy
: J.T
. Jam
es, N
ASA
(200
5)
Unk
now
n T
oxic
Eff
ects
of L
unar
Dus
tsU
nkno
wn
Tox
ic E
ffec
ts o
f Lun
ar D
usts
••D
erm
al ir
ritat
ion
& p
enet
ratio
nD
erm
al ir
ritat
ion
& p
enet
ratio
n••
Eye
irrita
tion
& c
orro
sion
Eye
irrita
tion
& c
orro
sion
––C
hem
ical
?C
hem
ical
?––
Mec
hani
cal?
Mec
hani
cal?
••R
espi
rato
ry in
jury
?R
espi
rato
ry in
jury
?––
Lung
cle
arin
g of
unu
sual
par
ticle
shap
e?Lu
ng c
lear
ing
of u
nusu
al p
artic
le sh
ape?
––Ef
fect
ive
clea
ranc
e m
echa
nism
s?
Effe
ctiv
e cl
eara
nce
mec
hani
sms?
––
Effe
ct in
1/6
g?
Effe
ct in
1/6
g?
––Ef
fect
of h
ighl
y re
activ
e/ a
ctiv
ated
par
ticle
s?Ef
fect
of h
ighl
y re
activ
e/ a
ctiv
ated
par
ticle
s?––
Effe
ct o
f ina
ctiv
e pa
rticl
es?
Effe
ct o
f ina
ctiv
e pa
rticl
es?
––R
ate
of p
assi
vatio
n?R
ate
of p
assi
vatio
n?––
Effe
ct o
f nan
opha
se F
e?Ef
fect
of n
anop
hase
Fe?
––C
ellu
lar i
njur
y? G
ener
atio
n of
RO
S?C
ellu
lar i
njur
y? G
ener
atio
n of
RO
S?
LA
DT
AG
Pla
n of
Act
ion
LA
DT
AG
Pla
n of
Act
ion
••R
evie
w d
ata
avai
labl
e to
set e
xpos
ure
stan
dard
s for
luna
r dus
tsR
evie
w d
ata
avai
labl
e to
set e
xpos
ure
stan
dard
s for
luna
r dus
tsdu
sts
dust
s••
Gui
de/in
tegr
ate
rese
arch
eff
orts
Gui
de/in
tegr
ate
rese
arch
eff
orts
••C
ondu
ct re
sear
ch to
fill
data
gap
sC
ondu
ct re
sear
ch to
fill
data
gap
s••
Set d
efen
sibl
e ex
posu
re st
anda
rds f
or lu
nar d
usts
Set d
efen
sibl
e ex
posu
re st
anda
rds f
or lu
nar d
usts
––B
rief v
s. lo
ngB
rief v
s. lo
ng-- te
rm e
xpos
ures
term
exp
osur
es––
Hig
hlan
d vs
. mar
e du
sts
Hig
hlan
d vs
. mar
e du
sts
––Po
lar v
s. eq
uato
rial d
usts
Pola
r vs.
equa
toria
l dus
ts––
Act
ivat
ed v
s. ag
ed d
ust
Act
ivat
ed v
s. ag
ed d
ust
––Si
mul
ants
vs.
real
luna
r dus
tsSi
mul
ants
vs.
real
luna
r dus
ts
••In
terf
ace
with
oth
er g
roup
s stu
dyin
g lu
nar d
usts
Inte
rfac
e w
ith o
ther
gro
ups s
tudy
ing
luna
r dus
ts
LA
DT
AG
’s S
truc
ture
LA
DT
AG
’s S
truc
ture
Spa
ce M
edic
ine
Bio
med
ical
Toxi
colo
gyIT
I, In
hala
tion Lu
nar G
eolo
gyC
hara
cter
izat
ion,
S
ize
Dis
tribu
tion,
Fr
actio
natio
n,M
iner
alog
yLu
nar G
eolo
gyS
olar
Win
d Io
n S
putte
ring
Hel
ium
Bom
bard
men
t
Luna
r Geo
logy
Fore
nsic
Eng
inee
ring
Cla
m S
hell
Ski
m S
coop
s
Der
mal
Ocu
lar
Cel
l Cul
ture
RO
STh
erm
al R
eact
ivat
ion
Dis
solu
tion
NA
SA
Chi
ef H
ealth
& M
edic
al
Offi
cer
LAD
TAG
Te
chni
cal M
anag
emen
t
LA
DT
AG
Res
earc
h D
ata
Gap
sL
AD
TA
G R
esea
rch
Dat
a G
aps
Lun
ar G
eolo
gy:
Lun
ar G
eolo
gy:
1.1.C
hara
cter
ize
luna
r du
st r
ecov
ered
from
Apo
llo h
ardw
are
Cha
ract
eriz
e lu
nar
dust
rec
over
ed fr
om A
pollo
har
dwar
e2.2.
Cha
ract
eriz
e lu
nar
dust
from
pri
stin
e,
Cha
ract
eriz
e lu
nar
dust
from
pri
stin
e, u
nfra
ctio
nate
dun
frac
tiona
ted
Apo
llo so
ilsA
pollo
soils
3.3.D
eter
min
e an
acc
urat
e gr
ain
size
dis
trib
utio
n fo
r m
ajor
rep
rese
nD
eter
min
e an
acc
urat
e gr
ain
size
dis
trib
utio
n fo
r m
ajor
rep
rese
n tat
ive
luna
r so
il ty
pes
tativ
e lu
nar
soil
type
s4.4.
Det
erm
ine
min
eral
and
gla
ss p
hase
iden
tific
atio
n an
d po
pula
tions
Det
erm
ine
min
eral
and
gla
ss p
hase
iden
tific
atio
n an
d po
pula
tions
for
maj
or
for
maj
or
repr
esen
tativ
e lu
nar
soil
type
sre
pres
enta
tive
luna
r so
il ty
pes
5.5.Pr
ovid
e to
tally
new
dat
a on
the
fines
t fra
ctio
n <1
mic
rom
eter
Prov
ide
tota
lly n
ew d
ata
on th
e fin
est f
ract
ion
<1 m
icro
met
er6.6.
Act
ivat
e si
mul
ants
with
hyd
roge
n/pr
oton
bom
bard
men
t and
UV
in o
rA
ctiv
ate
sim
ulan
ts w
ith h
ydro
gen/
prot
on b
omba
rdm
ent a
nd U
V in
or d
er to
com
pare
de
r to
com
pare
su
rfac
e re
activ
ity w
ith n
onsu
rfac
e re
activ
ity w
ith n
on-- a
ctiv
ated
soils
activ
ated
soils
7.7.Pr
ovid
e w
ell
Prov
ide
wel
l -- cha
ract
eriz
ed so
il fr
om A
pollo
har
dwar
e, fr
om p
rist
ine
sam
ples
, ch
arac
teri
zed
soil
from
Apo
llo h
ardw
are,
from
pri
stin
e sa
mpl
es, a
nd fr
om
and
from
ac
tivat
ed sa
mpl
es to
toxi
colo
gy te
amac
tivat
ed sa
mpl
es to
toxi
colo
gy te
am
LA
DT
AG
Res
earc
h D
ata
Gap
sL
AD
TA
G R
esea
rch
Dat
a G
aps
Act
ivat
ion:
A
ctiv
atio
n:
••H
eat A
ctiv
atio
n (D
ry T
herm
al C
yclin
g)H
eat A
ctiv
atio
n (D
ry T
herm
al C
yclin
g)••
Rat
e of
Pas
siva
tion
Rat
e of
Pas
siva
tion
••Si
mul
ated
sola
r w
ind
bom
bard
men
tSi
mul
ated
sola
r w
ind
bom
bard
men
t
Dis
solu
tion:
Dis
solu
tion:
••R
ate
of d
isso
lutio
n in
neu
tral
pH
Rat
e of
dis
solu
tion
in n
eutr
al p
H••
Rat
e of
dis
solu
tion
in r
educ
ed p
H (c
ellu
lar
enzy
mes
, R
ate
of d
isso
lutio
n in
red
uced
pH
(cel
lula
r en
zym
es, l
ysos
omes
lyso
som
es))
LA
DT
AG
Res
earc
h D
ata
Gap
sL
AD
TA
G R
esea
rch
Dat
a G
aps
Tox
icol
ogy:
Tox
icol
ogy:
1.1.R
espi
rato
ry
Res
pira
tory
--C
ondu
ct IT
I stu
dies
(sim
ulan
ts, l
unar
dus
ts)
Con
duct
ITI s
tudi
es (s
imul
ants
, lun
ar d
usts
)2.2.
Res
pira
tory
R
espi
rato
ry --
Con
duct
Inha
latio
n St
udie
s (si
mul
ants
, lun
ar d
usts
)C
ondu
ct In
hala
tion
Stud
ies (
sim
ulan
ts, l
unar
dus
ts)
3.3.D
erm
al (s
imul
ants
, lun
ar d
usts
)D
erm
al (s
imul
ants
, lun
ar d
usts
)4.4.
Ocu
lar
(sim
ulan
ts, l
unar
dus
ts)
Ocu
lar
(sim
ulan
ts, l
unar
dus
ts)
5.5.C
ell C
ultu
reC
ell C
ultu
re••
Det
erm
ine
if lu
nar
dust
s gen
erat
e R
eact
ive
Oxy
gen
Spec
ies i
n C
elD
eter
min
e if
luna
r du
sts g
ener
ate
Rea
ctiv
e O
xyge
n Sp
ecie
s in
Cel
l l C
ultu
reC
ultu
re••
Rat
e of
pas
siva
tion
in c
ell c
ultu
re; O
ther
toxi
c ef
fect
s to
cell
Rat
e of
pas
siva
tion
in c
ell c
ultu
re; O
ther
toxi
c ef
fect
s to
cell ss
LA
DT
AG
’s U
ltim
ate
Del
iver
able
LA
DT
AG
’s U
ltim
ate
Del
iver
able
•• Whi
le L
AD
TAG
was
prim
arily
con
cern
ed w
ith a
irbor
ne lu
nar d
ust,
tW
hile
LA
DTA
G w
as p
rimar
ily c
once
rned
with
airb
orne
luna
r dus
t, t h
e gr
oup
he g
roup
is
als
o st
udyi
ng e
ffec
ts o
f non
is a
lso
stud
ying
eff
ects
of n
on-- a
irbor
ne d
usts
on
hum
an h
ealth
airb
orne
dus
ts o
n hu
man
hea
lth
•• Der
mal
to
xici
ty
(ski
n ir
rita
nt/a
llerg
ic
resp
onse
s, an
d ab
rasi
on
Der
mal
to
xici
ty
(ski
n ir
rita
nt/a
llerg
ic
resp
onse
s, an
d ab
rasi
on
effe
cts
effe
cts
––B
reac
h of
wat
er b
arri
er?)
Bre
ach
of w
ater
bar
rier
?)
•• Ocu
lar
Tox
icity
(eye
irri
tant
/alle
rgic
res
pons
es, a
nd a
bras
ion
eO
cula
r T
oxic
ity (e
ye ir
rita
nt/a
llerg
ic r
espo
nses
, and
abr
asio
n e f
fect
s ff
ects
––
Scra
tche
s, E
mbe
ddin
g?)
Scra
tche
s, E
mbe
ddin
g?)
•• Eff
ects
of
diss
olut
ion
of l
unar
dus
t on
tox
icity
in
hum
an s
yste
mEf
fect
s of
dis
solu
tion
of l
unar
dus
t on
tox
icity
in
hum
an s
yste
mis
bei
ng
is b
eing
st
udie
dst
udie
d
•• Dev
elop
men
t of
acut
e an
d ch
roni
c (ti
me
base
d) e
xpos
ure
limit
sta
Dev
elop
men
t of
acut
e an
d ch
roni
c (ti
me
base
d) e
xpos
ure
limit
sta n
dard
s fo
r nd
ards
for
in
hala
tion
(pul
mon
ary)
toxi
city
and
hum
an r
isk
crite
ria w
ill b
e in
hala
tion
(pul
mon
ary)
toxi
city
and
hum
an r
isk
crite
ria w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
no
deve
lope
d no
la
ter t
han
2010
. la
ter t
han
2010
.
•• LA
DTA
G d
oes
not
rule
out
the
dev
elop
men
t of
set
ting
othe
r st
anda
LAD
TAG
doe
s no
t ru
le o
ut t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of s
ettin
g ot
her
stan
dard
s &
rd
s &
hu
man
hea
lth r
isk
crite
ria b
ased
upo
n fin
ding
s of
non
hum
an h
ealth
ris
k cr
iteria
bas
ed u
pon
findi
ngs
of n
on-- a
irbor
ne d
ust
toxi
city
ai
rbor
ne d
ust
toxi
city
st
udie
s.st
udie
s.
Ack
now
ledg
emen
tsA
ckno
wle
dgem
ents
•• Dr.
John
T. J
ames
D
r. Jo
hn T
. Jam
es
•• Dr.
Rus
sell
Ker
schm
ann
Dr.
Rus
sell
Ker
schm
ann
•• Dr.
Chi
uD
r. C
hiu --
win
g La
mw
ing
Lam
•• Dr.
Ant
ony
Jeev
araj
anD
r. A
nton
y Je
evar
ajan
•• Dr.
Dav
id S
. McK
ayD
r. D
avid
S. M
cKay
•• Dr.
Dav
id J.
Lof
tus
Dr.
Dav
id J.
Lof
tus
•• LA
DTA
G C
omm
ittee
Mem
bers
LA
DTA
G C
omm
ittee
Mem
bers
•• LA
DTA
G T
echn
ical
Sub
grou
p M
embe
rsLA
DTA
G T
echn
ical
Sub
grou
p M
embe
rs
Que
stio
ns??
?Q
uest
ions
???